CN111917329A - Self-powered sensor based on multi-frequency vibration energy collector - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
- H02N2/005—Mechanical details, e.g. housings
- H02N2/0055—Supports for driving or driven bodies; Means for pressing driving body against driven body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
- H02N2/0075—Electrical details, e.g. drive or control circuits or methods
- H02N2/008—Means for controlling vibration frequency or phase, e.g. for resonance tracking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-powered sensor based on a multi-frequency vibration energy collector, wherein the energy collector is connected with an electric energy storage circuit through a power line and charges the electric energy storage circuit, the electric energy storage circuit is connected with a power end of a sensor body through an electric energy instant discharge circuit, the energy collector is provided with a spiral cantilever beam, the spiral cantilever beam is formed by bending an elastic metal strip, one end of the spiral cantilever beam is fixed on a support, the other end of the spiral cantilever beam is fixed on a support plate, and piezoelectric ceramics for power generation are attached to the surface of the spiral cantilever beam. The invention can utilize the vibration of the cantilever beam to generate electric energy to supply power for the sensor, realizes the self-supply of the electric energy of the sensor, and has the characteristics of simple structure, strong stability, high energy acquisition efficiency, high measurement precision, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-powered sensor.
Background
Under the severe form that the global energy consumption is increased suddenly and the traditional energy sources which can be exploited, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like which are widely used by people, are less and less, people are actively researching and developing some renewable novel energy sources, and the exploration of novel green renewable energy sources becomes one of the challenges facing human survival.
The sensor is an important device for acquiring environmental parameters, for example, an acceleration sensor is used as an important sensor for measuring the motion state of an object, is widely applied to various fields such as aerospace, military, medical treatment, sports, manufacturing, earthquake measurement and the like, and is a common test instrument for measuring impact and vibration in many fields such as industry, national defense and the like.
At present, most acceleration sensors on the market have large volume and mass, complex inner core body structure, complex assembly process steps, limited energy supply time and high cost, and cannot meet the increasingly developed energy supply requirements. Based on the current situation, new requirements are provided for the power supply mode of the electronic equipment: an acceleration sensor capable of collecting energy from the environment and driving the acceleration sensor by energy conversion, realizing self-sufficiency of the energy. The energy collection technology is used for converting various vibration energy widely existing in the nature into electric energy, so that the permanent power supply for the microelectronic device is an effective solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of realizing a self-powered sensor based on a multi-cantilever beam unidirectional multi-frequency vibration energy collector and a device for realizing self-power supply of the sensor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a self-power sensor based on multifrequency vibration energy collector, energy collector pass through the power cord and connect electric energy storage circuit and charge for electric energy storage circuit, electric energy storage circuit passes through the power end of electric energy discharge circuit connection sensor body in the twinkling of an eye, energy collector is equipped with the heliciform cantilever beam, the heliciform cantilever beam is curled by having elastic metal strip and is constituted, heliciform cantilever beam one end is fixed on the support, and the other end is fixed in the backup pad, the surface of heliciform cantilever beam is attached to have the piezoceramics that is used for the electricity generation.
The support is of a columnar structure, the lower portion of the support is fixed on the base, the spiral cantilever beams are at least provided with two spiral cantilever beams which are evenly distributed on the periphery of the support, the support plate is a flat plate and is supported above the support by the spiral cantilever beams, and a gap is formed between the support and the support plate.
The support plate is a hollow sphere, the support is positioned in the support plate and is supported by at least two spiral cantilever beams to be suspended at the sphere center position in the sphere center support plate, and the outer part of the support plate is fixed on the base.
A rod-shaped cantilever beam is fixed on the support, piezoelectric ceramics for power generation are attached to the surface of the rod-shaped cantilever beam, and a mass block is suspended and fixed at the outer end of the rod-shaped cantilever beam.
The middle area of each rod-shaped cantilever beam is of a structure with two inwards recessed surfaces, the piezoelectric ceramics attached to the rod-shaped cantilever beams are of a structure with a middle recessed surface, and the piezoelectric ceramics attached to the two surfaces of each rod-shaped cantilever beam are attached to the structures with the inwards recessed surfaces of the substrates.
The spiral cantilever beam is formed by bending a metal strip, the metal strip is of a structure which is gradually narrowed from one end to the other end, the wider end is connected with the supporting plate, and the narrower end is connected with the bracket.
The electric energy storage circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifying circuit and a capacitor, wherein the piezoelectric ceramics on the two surfaces of the substrate are piezoelectric PZT-5H materials, all the piezoelectric ceramics on the collector are connected in parallel to the input end of the impedance matching circuit, the output end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the input end of the rectifying circuit, and the output end of the rectifying circuit is connected with the electric energy instant discharge circuit through the capacitor.
Every the electric energy storage circuit is equipped with two condensers and is condenser C1 and condenser C0 respectively, rectifier circuit has two way outputs and connects condenser C1 and condenser C0 respectively, condenser C1 connects electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit and supplies power for it, condenser C0 connects control circuit and supplies power for it, control circuit's control signal output end connects electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit's control signal input end.
The signal output end of the sensor body is connected with the signal input end of the processor, the signal output end of the processor is connected with the communication unit, the signal collected by the sensor body is sent to the matched receiver through the communication unit by adopting a wireless signal, and the power output end of the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit is respectively connected with the power ends of the processor and the communication unit.
The invention can utilize the vibration of the cantilever beam to generate electric energy to supply power for the sensor, realizes the self-supply of the electric energy of the sensor, and has the characteristics of simple structure, strong stability, high energy acquisition efficiency, high measurement precision, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like.
Drawings
The following is a brief description of the contents of each figure and the symbols in the figures in the description of the invention:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-powered sensor according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the spiral cantilever structure of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic structural views of a self-powered sensor in the embodiment 2;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of self-powered sensor circuits;
the labels in the above figures are: 1. a support plate; 2. a helical cantilever beam; 3. a mass block; 4. a rod-shaped cantilever beam; 5. a support; 6. a base; 7. and (4) bolts.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings is provided to describe the embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention, such as the shapes and configurations of the components, the mutual positions and connection relationships of the components, the functions and working principles of the components, the manufacturing processes and the operation and use methods, etc., will be further described in detail to help those skilled in the art to more completely, accurately and deeply understand the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention.
In embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a support 5 is designed as a regular octagonal prism structure, and a plurality of cantilever beam structures are designed, the support 5 is connected to a cantilever beam, a thin layer of piezoelectric ceramic material covers a surface of the cantilever beam, when the cantilever beam vibrates up and down, the piezoelectric ceramic material is subjected to a certain external force, under the action of the piezoelectric effect, a surface generates an electric charge, when the cantilever beam is subjected to an opposite external force, the generated electric charge is opposite, if the external force disappears, the electric charge disappears, and the generated electric energy provides electric energy for the acceleration sensor, thereby achieving the effect of autonomous energy supply.
The cantilever beam divide into two kinds, one kind is shaft-like cantilever beam 4, and every shaft-like cantilever beam 4 middle zone is the structure that both sides all inwards sunken, and shaft-like cantilever beam 4 adopts bilateral symmetry fluted type structure promptly, and piezoceramics is middle sunken structure, and the piezoceramics attached on shaft-like cantilever beam 4 two sides is laminated with shaft-like cantilever beam 4 inwards sunken structure. Therefore, a large-deformation cantilever structure is formed in the middle of the rod-shaped cantilever beam 4, the mass block 3 is fixed at the outer end of the rod-shaped cantilever beam 4, the vibration amplitude of the rod-shaped cantilever beam 4 can be further improved, piezoelectric ceramics are further compressed and stretched, the area of the piezoelectric ceramics is increased, and the energy collection efficiency is also increased. In addition, the groove-shaped structure can control the vibration frequency of the cantilever beam within a controllable range.
The other is a spiral cantilever beam 2, which has a structure similar to a Taiji diagram formed by strip-shaped elastic metal, as shown in fig. 4, and aims to increase the contact area between the piezoceramic material and the cantilever beam and further increase the effect of converting mechanical energy into electric energy; heliciform cantilever beam 2 and shaft-like cantilever beam 4 interval are fixed around support 5, can be used for gathering the shaking force of equidirectional not, backup pad 1 is flat, 2 one end rigid couplings of every heliciform cantilever beam are on support 5, the other end and backup pad 1 rigid coupling, backup pad 1 suspends in support 5 top through the support of heliciform cantilever beam 2, backup pad 1 constitutes a whole with heliciform cantilever beam 2, increase mechanism stability, also can regard as 2 counter weights of heliciform cantilever beam, when vibrations take place, can simultaneously in coordination with a plurality of heliciform cantilever beams 2 undulant emergence deformations production electric energy together, on the other hand, backup pad 1 can play the guard action to the whole mechanism, avoid the top to weigh down the thing and cause the destruction to the mechanism, also can utilize backup pad 1 contact vibration source, directly.
The base 6 is a fixed integral structure, so that the integral structure can be ensured to stably operate; the bracket 5 is used for supporting eight cantilever beams; the bolts 7 are used to fix the base 6. The specific operation flow is that when external object gives the backup pad 1 certain pressure, four heliciform cantilever beams 2 can produce deformation because of the pressurized, reduce to zero when external pressure, the cantilever beam resumes original balanced state, the cantilever beam produces the motion acceleration, place acceleration sensor in on the backup pad 1 to record mechanism motion acceleration, in the mechanism motion process, through the piezoceramics structure on the cantilever beam with mechanical energy conversion to the electric energy, thereby the whole self-powered problem of mechanism has been solved.
The base 6 is a fixed integral device; the bracket 5 is used for fixing the 6 spiral cantilever beams 2; the bolts 7 are used to fix the base 6. When specific operation flow gives 2 certain excitation effects of heliciform cantilever beam, 6 heliciform cantilever beams 2 can produce deformation because of the pressurized, reduce to zero when ambient pressure, and heliciform cantilever beam 2 resumes original balanced state, has converted mechanical energy into the electric energy through the piezoceramics structure on the cantilever beam to realize the normal operating of whole device, guarantee the steady reliable of device work.
In order to further improve the power generation effect, a suspended rod-shaped cantilever 4 can be fixed on the bracket 5, the structure of the rod-shaped cantilever 4 in the embodiment 1 is the same, and the mass block 3 at the outer end of the rod-shaped cantilever 4 is matched with the bracket 5 for cooperation, so that larger electric energy can be generated under the condition of smaller vibration.
The spherical device realizes the conversion of the collecting effect of the vibration energy collector from a two-dimensional plane to a three-dimensional body, and achieves the aim of multi-angle and multi-dimensional energy collection. Meanwhile, the device is guaranteed to reduce external interference in the normal working process, the vibration speed is guaranteed to be measured accurately and reliably, and meanwhile, the device plays a role in stable support and is attractive and elegant. Components and parts can be fixed on base 6, and after the wire of connecting piezoceramics gathered support 5, extend the wire by on support 5 and pass and be connected to base 6 behind the backup pad 1 on, the wire between support 5 and the backup pad 1 can be good at both distances, and the wire can not influence its motion when avoiding support 5 to move.
As shown in figures 7 and 8, when the supporting plate 1 is affected by pressure or vibration, the cantilever beam deforms and vibrates to generate corresponding mechanical energy, and the piezoelectric material adhered to the cantilever beam converts the mechanical energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the super capacitor. When the electric quantity is accumulated to a certain degree, the control circuit controls the electric energy to discharge instantly, and the circuit works. The electric quantity in the super capacitor is released instantly, and large discharge power is generated to drive the pressure sensor, the processor and the transmitting module to work.
The piezoelectric ceramic is made of piezoelectric PZT-5H material, a plurality of piezoelectric layers are connected in series (the polarization directions are opposite), a middle metal layer is used as a common electrode of the upper and lower piezoelectric layers, and a metal film is covered on the surface of each piezoelectric layer and used as an extraction electrode for collecting charges. The piezoelectric layers of the cantilever beams are connected in parallel to improve the energy harvesting current. Wherein the elastic constant of the piezoelectric ceramic 9 is 6.2 x 1010Pa, relative dielectric constant of 3800, and piezoelectric strain constant of 320 × 10 pC/N. The Poisson ratio of the intermediate metal layer is 0.34, and the density is 8.96 multiplied by 103kg/m3The density of the mass 38 of the collector is 17.9 multiplied by 103kg/m3。
The power management circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifying circuit, an energy storage circuit, an instantaneous discharge circuit and the like. A schematic diagram of a power management circuit is shown in fig. 8. The super capacitor C1 is an energy storage capacitor and provides energy for the operation of the sensor. The electrolytic capacitor C0 is an auxiliary capacitor and provides working voltage and energy for the control circuit. The control circuit controls the work of the instantaneous discharge circuit by detecting the voltage of the energy storage capacitor.
The piezoelectric transducers are connected in parallel to convert mechanical energy generated by vibration into electric energy, the impedance matching circuit is used for impedance matching of the piezoelectric transducers, and the matched two paths of energy output signals are rectified to respectively charge the C1 and the C0. When the voltage of the C1 reaches the upper limit of the threshold voltage, the instantaneous discharge circuit starts to work, the energy storage capacitor releases the stored electric energy instantaneously, and the sensor is driven to work. With the energy consumption of the inductor, when the voltage of the C1 is reduced to the lower limit of the threshold voltage, the discharge circuit finishes working, and the energy storage capacitor finishes discharging. The energy storage capacitor discharges once, the sensor finishes collecting emission data once, and the energy storage capacitor enters the next charging period.
The load of the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit consists of a sensor element, a data processor and a communication unit. The sensor body can be a displacement sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor and the like, for example, a MAP & BAP absolute pressure sensor is selected as a sensing element according to requirements, and the MAP & BAP absolute pressure sensor is a typical safety-related pressure sensor and has small size, low power consumption and high precision. The data processing and control unit selects an ultra-low power consumption processor ATmega32L from Atmel corporation. The communication unit adopts a single-chip UHF transceiving communication chip CC1100 designed by Chipcon company for low-power consumption wireless application.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification.
Claims (9)
1. A self-powered sensor based on multi-frequency vibration energy harvester which characterized in that: the energy collector is connected with the electric energy storage circuit through the power cord and charges for the electric energy storage circuit, the electric energy storage circuit passes through the electric energy power end of electric energy discharge circuit connection sensor body in the twinkling of an eye, energy collector is equipped with the heliciform cantilever beam, the heliciform cantilever beam comprises elastic metal strip curls, heliciform cantilever beam one end is fixed on the support, and the other end is fixed in the backup pad, the surface of heliciform cantilever beam is attached to have the piezoceramics that is used for the electricity generation.
2. A multi-frequency vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor according to claim 1 wherein: the support is of a columnar structure, the lower portion of the support is fixed on the base, the spiral cantilever beams are at least provided with two spiral cantilever beams which are evenly distributed on the periphery of the support, the support plate is a flat plate and is supported above the support by the spiral cantilever beams, and a gap is formed between the support and the support plate.
3. A multi-frequency vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor according to claim 1 wherein: the support plate is a hollow sphere, the support is positioned in the support plate and is supported by at least two spiral cantilever beams to be suspended at the sphere center position in the sphere center support plate, and the outer part of the support plate is fixed on the base.
4. A self-powered sensor based on a multi-frequency vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein: a rod-shaped cantilever beam is fixed on the support, piezoelectric ceramics for power generation are attached to the surface of the rod-shaped cantilever beam, and a mass block is suspended and fixed at the outer end of the rod-shaped cantilever beam.
5. The multi-frequency vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor of claim 4, wherein: the middle area of each rod-shaped cantilever beam is of a structure with two inwards recessed surfaces, the piezoelectric ceramics attached to the rod-shaped cantilever beams are of a structure with a middle recessed surface, and the piezoelectric ceramics attached to the two surfaces of each rod-shaped cantilever beam are attached to the structures with the inwards recessed surfaces of the substrates.
6. The multi-frequency vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor of claim 5, wherein: the spiral cantilever beam is formed by bending a metal strip, the metal strip is of a structure which is gradually narrowed from one end to the other end, the wider end is connected with the supporting plate, and the narrower end is connected with the bracket.
7. The multi-frequency vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor of claim 1, 5, or 6, wherein: the electric energy storage circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifying circuit and a capacitor, wherein the piezoelectric ceramics on the two surfaces of the substrate are piezoelectric PZT-5H materials, all the piezoelectric ceramics on the collector are connected in parallel to the input end of the impedance matching circuit, the output end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the input end of the rectifying circuit, and the output end of the rectifying circuit is connected with the electric energy instant discharge circuit through the capacitor.
8. The multi-frequency vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor of claim 7, wherein: every the electric energy storage circuit is equipped with two condensers and is condenser C1 and condenser C0 respectively, rectifier circuit has two way outputs and connects condenser C1 and condenser C0 respectively, condenser C1 connects electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit and supplies power for it, condenser C0 connects control circuit and supplies power for it, control circuit's control signal output end connects electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit's control signal input end.
9. The multi-frequency vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor of claim 8, wherein: the signal output end of the sensor body is connected with the signal input end of the processor, the signal output end of the processor is connected with the communication unit, the signal collected by the sensor body is sent to the matched receiver through the communication unit by adopting a wireless signal, and the power output end of the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit is respectively connected with the power ends of the processor and the communication unit.
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