CN111865143A - Self-powered sensor based on bidirectional support energy collector - Google Patents
Self-powered sensor based on bidirectional support energy collector Download PDFInfo
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- CN111865143A CN111865143A CN202010803474.5A CN202010803474A CN111865143A CN 111865143 A CN111865143 A CN 111865143A CN 202010803474 A CN202010803474 A CN 202010803474A CN 111865143 A CN111865143 A CN 111865143A
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 15
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-powered sensor based on a bidirectional support energy collector, wherein the energy collector is connected with an electric energy storage circuit through a power line and charges the electric energy storage circuit, the electric energy storage circuit is connected with the power end of a sensor body through an electric energy instant discharge circuit, the energy collector comprises a power generation mechanism, a support and a fixing plate, the power generation mechanism is provided with universal joints which are respectively arranged on the support and the fixing plate, the two universal joints are connected with two ends of a mass block through flexible hinges, and piezoelectric ceramics for power generation are attached to the surfaces of the flexible hinges. The invention improves the traditional chemical battery power supply mode through the energy collector, and has the defects of larger volume and mass, limited energy supply time and the like. The device has the advantages of high precision, wide range, simple structure, good anti-interference performance, environmental protection, energy conservation, self-driving performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-powered sensor.
Background
The sensor is widely applied to various fields of automobiles, electrical appliances, aerospace, military, industrial control, seismic survey and the like, for example, the acceleration sensor is almost required to be installed in all power machines, bridge frameworks, aircrafts and high-rise buildings, so that the aim of monitoring the acceleration borne by equipment in real time is fulfilled.
With the trend of miniaturization of acceleration sensors, and with the appearance of acceleration sensors with the characteristics of low cost, low energy consumption, convenience in use and the like, more and more acceleration sensors are appeared in daily consumer products, for example, the acceleration sensors are built in the latest notebook computers at present, the acceleration sensors can dynamically monitor the vibration of the notebook computers in use, the system can intelligently select to close the hard disks or enable the hard disks to continue to normally operate according to the obtained vibration data, and the damage to the hard disks caused by the vibration or the falling of the notebook computers and the like can be avoided to the maximum extent by the aid of the function.
Accelerometers are widely used due to their small size, high sensitivity, ease of manufacture, low power consumption, and the like. Particularly, the inventive combination of the acceleration sensor and the wireless communication technology has the characteristics of wireless communication and self-organization. The wireless remote measurement system can transmit acceleration data acquired on site to a remote receiving node by a wireless transmission method, and further realize wireless remote measurement of the acceleration on site.
Such micro devices are increasingly low power consuming, down to the order of microwatts. But the corresponding power supply components are required to be small in size, high in integration level, long in service life, even unattended, free of replacement and the like. The traditional chemical battery power supply mode has the defects of large volume and mass, limited power supply time and the like, so that the power supply requirements of the micro devices cannot be met. The energy collection technology is used for converting various vibration energy widely existing in the nature into electric energy, so that the permanent power supply for the microelectronic device is an effective solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of realizing a sensor capable of independently providing electric energy and solving the problem of limited energy of a battery carried by a wireless sensor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a from energy supply sensor based on two-way support energy collector, energy collector pass through the power cord and connect electric energy storage circuit and charge for electric energy storage circuit, electric energy storage circuit passes through the power end of electric energy discharge circuit connection sensor body in the twinkling of an eye, energy collector includes power generation mechanism, support and fixed plate, power generation mechanism is equipped with the universal joint of installing respectively on support and fixed plate, two the universal joint passes through the both ends of flexible hinged joint quality piece, the surface subsides of flexible hinge has the piezoceramics that is used for the electricity generation.
Every power generation mechanism is equipped with four flexible hinges, the both ends of quality piece are connected to the universal joint through two flexible hinges respectively, the rotatable direction mutually perpendicular of two flexible hinges of quality piece homonymy, four all attached has piezoceramics on the flexible hinge.
Piezoelectric ceramics are attached to two bendable surfaces of each flexible hinge, the rotatable directions of the two flexible hinges connected with the mass block in the power generation mechanism are the same, and the rotatable directions of the two universal joints are the same.
The masses of the mass blocks on the plurality of power generation mechanisms are different.
The fixed plate is equipped with a plurality ofly and sets up around the support, every the fixed plate all is through a power generation mechanism and leg joint.
The fixed plate is a circular plate arranged around the support, and the generators are arranged around the support at equal included angles.
The support is of a columnar structure, the bottoms of the fixing plate and the support are fixed on the base, the tops of the fixing plate and the support are fixedly provided with the upper sealing plate, the base is provided with mounting holes, and the base is fixed at a position needing to be mounted through bolts penetrating through the mounting holes.
The piezoelectric ceramics are piezoelectric PZT-5H materials, the piezoelectric ceramics on the same power generation mechanism are connected in parallel to an electric energy storage circuit, each electric energy storage circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifying circuit and a capacitor, the input end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the output end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the input end of the rectifying circuit, the output end of the rectifying circuit charges the capacitor, and the capacitor is connected with the input end of the electric energy instant discharge circuit.
Each electric energy storage circuit is provided with two capacitors, namely a capacitor Cst and a capacitor C0, the rectifying circuit is provided with two paths of outputs which are respectively connected with the capacitor Cst and the capacitor C0, the capacitor Cst is connected with the electric energy instant discharge circuit and supplies power to the electric energy instant discharge circuit, the capacitor C0 is connected with the control circuit and supplies power to the electric energy instant discharge circuit, and the control signal output end of the control circuit is connected with the control signal input end of the electric energy instant discharge circuit.
The signal output end of the sensor body is connected with the signal input end of the processor, the signal output end of the processor is connected with the communication unit, the signal collected by the sensor body is sent to the matched receiver through the communication unit by adopting a wireless signal, and the power output end of the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit is respectively connected with the power ends of the processor and the communication unit.
The invention improves the traditional chemical battery power supply mode through the energy collector, and has the defects of larger volume and mass, limited energy supply time and the like. The device has the advantages of high precision, wide range, simple structure, good anti-interference performance, environmental protection, energy conservation, self-driving performance and the like.
Drawings
The following is a brief description of the contents of each figure and the symbols in the figures in the description of the invention:
FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a self-powered sensor based on a bidirectional support energy harvester;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a self-powered sensor based on a bidirectional support energy harvester;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power management circuit in a self-powered sensor based on a bidirectional support energy harvester;
the labels in the above figures are: 1. a fixing plate; 2. a universal joint; 3. piezoelectric ceramics; 4. a mass block; 5. a support; 6. a flexible hinge; 7. a base.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings is provided to describe the embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention, such as the shapes and configurations of the components, the mutual positions and connection relationships of the components, the functions and working principles of the components, the manufacturing processes and the operation and use methods, etc., will be further described in detail to help those skilled in the art to more completely, accurately and deeply understand the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention.
The self-powered sensor based on the bidirectional support energy collector adopts the energy collector to generate electricity, the energy collector converts the single-degree-of-freedom vibration energy widely existing in the nature into electric energy, the energy collection efficiency is high, and the external characteristics of the energy collector such as output voltage, output current and output power are improved through the series connection, parallel connection and impedance matching technology of the piezoelectric ceramics 3. Therefore, the sensor is powered for a long time, and the defects of large volume and mass, limited power supply time and the like of the traditional chemical battery power supply mode are improved.
The energy collector comprises a power generation mechanism, a support 5 and a fixing plate 1, the power generation mechanism is integrally a rod and is generally provided with a plurality of universal joints 2, the universal joints 2 are respectively arranged on the support 5 and the fixing plate 1, the universal joints 2 can ensure that the power generation mechanism can obtain higher freedom of movement, and the collection effect of the energy collector is improved, four flexible hinges 6 are preferably arranged on each power generation mechanism, the flexible hinges 6 are metal elastic pieces with thank senses and can vibrate in one direction, the four flexible hinges 6 are respectively arranged on two sides of a mass block 4, the two flexible hinges 6 on the same side of the mass block 4 are mutually connected, the outer ends of the two flexible hinges 6 are respectively connected with the mass block 4 and the universal joints 2, the rotatable directions of the two flexible hinges 6 on the same side of the mass block 4 are mutually vertical, and the rotatable directions of the two flexible hinges 6 connected with the mass block 4 in the, the rotational direction connecting the rotational directions of the two universal joints 2 is the same.
The flexible hinge 6 is composed of two flexible hinges 6 in different directions, can vibrate in multiple degrees of freedom and generate deformation, the efficiency of energy collection is improved, the surface of the flexible hinge 6 is made of a thin layer of piezoelectric ceramic 3 material, when the beam vibrates up and down, the piezoelectric ceramic 3 is subjected to certain external force to generate deformation, and under the action of the piezoelectric effect of the material, electrified charges are generated on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 3. When the external force that receives piezoceramics 3 is opposite, the electric charge that produces then can be opposite, and external force in case disappears, the electric charge also can disappear, and these electric quantities that produce can provide the electric energy for the sensor of connecting piezoceramics 3 to reach the effect of autonomic energy supply, energy collection efficiency is high simultaneously, and external characteristics such as output voltage, output current, output power through parallelly connected and impedance matching technique of piezoelectric transducer improve energy harvester. Thereby supplying power to the acceleration sensor for a long time.
The mass block 4 can also better prompt the vibration endurance, and the mass blocks 4 with different masses can be adopted, so that at least one power generation mechanism can reliably generate power under different vibration frequencies to ensure the normal work of the sensor,
the support 5 is the columnar structure, and fixed plate 1 can adopt two kinds of forms, one kind be equipped with a plurality ofly and set up around support 5, and every fixed plate 1 all is connected with support 5 through a power generation mechanism. The other is that the fixing plate 1 is a circular plate arranged around the bracket 5, and the generators are arranged around the bracket 5 at equal included angles. When the second form is adopted, the bottoms of the fixing plate 1 and the bracket 5 are fixed on the base 7, the top of the fixing plate 1 and the bracket 5 is fixed with the upper sealing plate, thus a sealed structure can be formed to protect internal devices, electronic components can be fixed on the bracket 5 according to requirements, the base 7 is used for fixing the stability of the whole structure, bolts are used for fixing the base 7 and the fixing plate 1,
the electronic components comprise an electric energy storage circuit, a control circuit, a sensor, a processor, a transmitting module and the like, and when the power generation mechanism vibrates to generate corresponding mechanical energy, the piezoelectric ceramic 3 material adhered to the flexible hinge 6 converts the mechanical energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the super capacitor as shown in fig. 2. When the electric quantity is accumulated to a certain degree, the control circuit controls the electric energy to discharge instantly, and the circuit works. The electric quantity in the super capacitor is released instantly, large discharge power is generated to drive the speed sensor, the processor and the emission module to work, the generated electric charge is in a direct proportion relation with an acceleration value, the electric charge is transmitted to the rear end integral amplification circuit board through a lead and then is converted into voltage quantity related to vibration acceleration quantity to be output, and therefore the sensor is driven to work, for example, the acceleration sensor is adopted to measure vibration acceleration.
The piezoelectric layers on the surfaces of the flexible hinges 6 are made of piezoelectric PZT-5H materials, the two piezoelectric layers are connected in series (the polarization directions are opposite), the middle metal layer is used as a common electrode of the upper piezoelectric layer and the lower piezoelectric layer, the surfaces of the piezoelectric layers are covered with metal films which are used as leading-out electrodes and used for collecting electric charges, and the piezoelectric layers of the multiple power generation mechanisms are connected in parallel to improve energy collection current. Wherein the piezoelectric layer has an elastic constant of 6.2 × 1010Pa, relative dielectric constant of 3800, and piezoelectric strain constant of 320 × 10 pC/N. The Poisson ratio of the intermediate metal layer is 0.34, and the density is 8.96 multiplied by 103kg/m3. The density of the mass block 4 of the collector is 17.9 multiplied by 103kg/m3。
The power management circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifying circuit, an energy storage circuit, an instantaneous discharge circuit and the like. A schematic diagram of a power management circuit is shown in fig. 3. The super capacitor Cst is an energy storage capacitor, which supplies energy to the operation of the sensor. The electrolytic capacitor C0 is an auxiliary capacitor and provides working voltage and energy for the control circuit. The control circuit controls the work of the instantaneous discharge circuit by detecting the voltage of the energy storage capacitor.
The piezoelectric transducers are connected in parallel to convert mechanical energy generated by vibration into electric energy, the impedance matching circuit performs impedance matching on the piezoelectric transducers, and the two matched energy output signals are rectified to respectively charge Cst and C0. When the voltage of Cst reaches the upper limit of the threshold voltage, the instantaneous discharge circuit starts to work, and the energy storage capacitor instantaneously releases the stored electric energy to drive the sensor to work. With the power consumption of the non-sensor, when the voltage of Cst drops to the threshold voltage lower limit, the discharge circuit ends working, and the energy storage capacitor ends discharging. The energy storage capacitor discharges once, the sensor finishes collecting emission data once, and the energy storage capacitor enters the next charging period.
The rectifier circuit design is selected from a power management chip LTC3588 manufactured by Linear corporation of America, and the chip has the outstanding advantage that a low-loss full-wave bridge rectifier circuit is integrated inside the chip, so that the output voltage of the chip can be adjusted.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a self-powered sensor based on two-way support energy collector which characterized in that: the energy collector is connected with the electric energy storage circuit through the power line and charges for the electric energy storage circuit, the electric energy storage circuit passes through the power end of electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit connection sensor body, the energy collector includes power generation mechanism, support and fixed plate, power generation mechanism is equipped with the universal joint of installing respectively on support and fixed plate, two the universal joint passes through the both ends of flexible hinged joint quality piece, the surface of flexible hinge is attached to have the piezoceramics that is used for the electricity generation.
2. The self-powered sensor based on the bidirectional support energy harvester of claim 1, characterized in that: every power generation mechanism is equipped with four flexible hinges, the both ends of quality piece are connected to the universal joint through two flexible hinges respectively, the rotatable direction mutually perpendicular of two flexible hinges of quality piece homonymy, four all attached has piezoceramics on the flexible hinge.
3. The self-powered sensor based on the bidirectional support energy harvester of claim 2, characterized in that: piezoelectric ceramics are attached to two bendable surfaces of each flexible hinge, the rotatable directions of the two flexible hinges connected with the mass block in the power generation mechanism are the same, and the rotatable directions of the two universal joints are the same.
4. The self-powered sensor based on a bidirectional support energy harvester of claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the masses of the mass blocks on the plurality of power generation mechanisms are different.
5. The self-powered sensor based on the bidirectional support energy harvester of claim 4, wherein: the fixed plate is equipped with a plurality ofly and sets up around the support, every the fixed plate all is through a power generation mechanism and leg joint.
6. The self-powered sensor based on the bidirectional support energy harvester of claim 4, wherein: the fixed plate is a circular plate arranged around the support, and the generators are arranged around the support at equal included angles.
7. The self-powered sensor based on a bidirectional support energy harvester of claim 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that: the support is of a columnar structure, the bottoms of the fixing plate and the support are fixed on the base, the tops of the fixing plate and the support are fixedly provided with the upper sealing plate, the base is provided with mounting holes, and the base is fixed at a position needing to be mounted through bolts penetrating through the mounting holes.
8. The self-powered sensor based on the bidirectional support energy harvester of claim 7, wherein: the piezoelectric ceramics are piezoelectric PZT-5H materials, the piezoelectric ceramics on the same power generation mechanism are connected in parallel to an electric energy storage circuit, each electric energy storage circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifying circuit and a capacitor, the input end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the output end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the input end of the rectifying circuit, the output end of the rectifying circuit charges the capacitor, and the capacitor is connected with the input end of the electric energy instant discharge circuit.
9. The self-powered sensor based on the bidirectional support energy harvester of claim 8, wherein: each electric energy storage circuit is provided with two capacitors, namely a capacitor Cst and a capacitor C0, the rectifying circuit is provided with two paths of outputs which are respectively connected with the capacitor Cst and the capacitor C0, the capacitor Cst is connected with the electric energy instant discharge circuit and supplies power to the electric energy instant discharge circuit, the capacitor C0 is connected with the control circuit and supplies power to the electric energy instant discharge circuit, and the control signal output end of the control circuit is connected with the control signal input end of the electric energy instant discharge circuit.
10. The self-powered sensor based on the bidirectional support energy harvester of claim 9, characterized in that: the signal output end of the sensor body is connected with the signal input end of the processor, the signal output end of the processor is connected with the communication unit, the signal collected by the sensor body is sent to the matched receiver through the communication unit by adopting a wireless signal, and the power output end of the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit is respectively connected with the power ends of the processor and the communication unit.
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| CN202010803474.5A CN111865143A (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2020-08-11 | Self-powered sensor based on bidirectional support energy collector |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114526206A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-05-24 | 西南交通大学 | Oscillating type power generation device based on seismic energy and power generation method thereof |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114526206A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-05-24 | 西南交通大学 | Oscillating type power generation device based on seismic energy and power generation method thereof |
| CN114526206B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-09 | 西南交通大学 | Oscillating type power generation device based on seismic energy and power generation method thereof |
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