CN111865141A - Self-powered sensor based on vibration energy collector - Google Patents
Self-powered sensor based on vibration energy collector Download PDFInfo
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- CN111865141A CN111865141A CN202010802294.5A CN202010802294A CN111865141A CN 111865141 A CN111865141 A CN 111865141A CN 202010802294 A CN202010802294 A CN 202010802294A CN 111865141 A CN111865141 A CN 111865141A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
- H02N2/005—Mechanical details, e.g. housings
- H02N2/0055—Supports for driving or driven bodies; Means for pressing driving body against driven body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
- H02N2/0075—Electrical details, e.g. drive or control circuits or methods
- H02N2/008—Means for controlling vibration frequency or phase, e.g. for resonance tracking
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-powered sensor based on a vibration energy collector, wherein the energy collector is connected with an electric energy storage circuit through a power line and charges the electric energy storage circuit, the electric energy storage circuit is connected with a power supply end of a sensor body through an electric energy instant discharge circuit, the energy collector is provided with a support arm, the support arm is in a cone or frustum structure, the smaller end of the support arm is fixedly connected with a connecting rod and is fixed on a support through the connecting rod, the larger end of the support arm is fixedly connected with a mass block, and piezoelectric ceramics for generating electricity are attached to the outer surface of the support arm. The self-powered mechanical energy collector can realize the self-powering of the sensor, does not need to be additionally provided with a power supply, has the efficiency of adjusting the conversion of mechanical energy into electric energy, can control the vibration frequency of the supporting arm within a controllable range, and can accurately capture the vibration speed by adding the speed sensor at the tail end.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-powered sensor.
Background
At present, most of speed sensors on the market have complex inner core body structure, large volume, complex assembly process steps and high cost, and because the speed sensors are used for measuring vibration speed and the speed sensors are preferably operated in a maintenance-free, independent and durable mode, the speed sensors provide new requirements for the power supply mode of electronic device equipment, namely, the speed sensors can collect energy from the environment and are driven by energy conversion to realize energy self-supply. Therefore, achieving self-powered power to speed sensors is critical to the wide application of speed sensors, which is becoming one of the current and future major research directions in this field.
As is well known, the living environment is filled with various energies, such as solar energy, biological energy, vibration energy, muscle activity energy, deformation energy, chemical energy, micro-wind energy, heat energy, and the like. The energy collector can be used for converting mechanical energy generated by the energy in a vibration mode into electric energy for driving the small speed sensor, and then the self-powered speed sensor is manufactured. Therefore, harvesting energy from the environment to meet the power requirements of small electronic devices is an urgent and challenging issue.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of realizing a device which can collect vibration energy, convert the vibration energy into electric energy and store the electric energy and realize self-power supply of a sensor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a self-powered sensor based on vibration energy collector, energy collector pass through the power cord and connect electric energy storage circuit and charge for electric energy storage circuit, electric energy storage circuit passes through the power end of electric energy discharge circuit connection sensor body in the twinkling of an eye, energy collector is equipped with the support arm, the support arm is cone or frustum structure, the less one end rigid coupling of support arm has the connecting rod and fixes on the support through the connecting rod, the great one end rigid coupling of support arm has the quality piece, the outer surface of support arm is attached to have the piezoceramics that is used for the electricity generation.
The supporting arm is provided with a groove structure sunken to the axis direction at intervals of a set distance, and the supporting arm is made of rubber.
Piezoceramics is the strip structure, is the heliciform by support arm one end and extends to the other end of support arm, piezoceramics is undercut and laminates with groove structure through groove structure's part.
The support is of a columnar structure, the support is vertically fixed on the base, 2-6 energy collectors are fixed on the side face surrounding the support, and the base is fixed at a position needing to be installed through mounting holes in which screws penetrate.
The sensor body is a speed sensor, each energy collector is fixedly provided with a speed sensor, and the speed sensors are fixed on the mass block through mounting seats.
Each energy collector is provided with a rubber supporting bowl, the periphery of the rubber supporting bowl is supported or fixed on the support, the top end of the rubber supporting bowl is supported or fixed at the end part of the supporting arm, and the connecting rod penetrates through the rubber supporting bowl and is fixed on the support.
Each energy collector is provided with an independent electric energy storage circuit, an electric energy instant discharge circuit and a control circuit, the piezoelectric ceramics are piezoelectric PZT-5H materials, strip-shaped piezoelectric ceramics on the same supporting arm are composed of a plurality of sections of independent piezoelectric ceramic units, the piezoelectric ceramic units are connected into the electric energy storage circuit in parallel, each electric energy storage circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifying circuit and a capacitor, the input end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the output end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the input end of the rectifying circuit, the output end of the rectifying circuit charges the capacitor, and the capacitor is connected with the input end of the electric energy instant discharge circuit.
Every the electric energy storage circuit is equipped with two condensers and is condenser C1 and condenser C2 respectively, rectifier circuit has two way outputs and connects condenser C1 and condenser C2 respectively, condenser C1 connects electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit and supplies power for it, condenser C2 connects control circuit and supplies power for it, control circuit's control signal output end connects electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit's control signal input end.
The signal output end of the sensor body is connected with the signal input end of the processor, the signal output end of the processor is connected with the communication unit, the signal collected by the sensor body is sent to the matched receiver through the communication unit by adopting a wireless signal, and the power output end of the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit is respectively connected with the power ends of the processor and the communication unit.
The electric energy storage circuit, the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit, the control circuit, the processor and the communication unit are all fixed in the base, and components and parts in the base are connected with the sensor body and the piezoelectric ceramics through wires penetrating through the connecting rod and the inside of the supporting arm.
The self-powered mechanical energy collector can realize the self-powering of the sensor, does not need to be additionally provided with a power supply, has the efficiency of adjusting the conversion of mechanical energy into electric energy, can control the vibration frequency of the supporting arm within a controllable range, and can accurately capture the vibration speed by adding the speed sensor at the tail end.
Drawings
The following is a brief description of the contents of each figure and the symbols in the figures in the description of the invention:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vibration energy collector;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a self-powered sensor system based on a vibrational energy harvester
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power management circuit;
the labels in the above figures are: 1. a mass block; 2. a speed sensor; 3. a bolt; 4. a mounting seat; 5. a support arm; 6. a connecting rod; 7. a screw; 8. a support; 9. a base.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings is provided to describe the embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention, such as the shapes and configurations of the components, the mutual positions and connection relationships of the components, the functions and working principles of the components, the manufacturing processes and the operation and use methods, etc., will be further described in detail to help those skilled in the art to more completely, accurately and deeply understand the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention.
The energy collector of the self-powered sensor based on the vibration energy collector generates electric energy through piezoelectric ceramics on the supporting arm 5 to realize self power supply, as shown in figure 1, the supporting arm 5 is in a cone or frustum structure, namely, a structure with one large end and one small end is adopted, the large end is arranged outside, and the small end is arranged inside, so that the energy collector can capture slight vibration outside. The smaller end of the support arm 5 is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 6 and fixed on a support 8 through the connecting rod 6, the larger end of the support arm 5 is fixedly connected with a mass block 1, piezoelectric ceramics for power generation are attached to the outer surface of the support arm 5, and when the support arm 5 vibrates up and down, the piezoelectric ceramics are subjected to certain external force and generate charged charges on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramics under the action of the piezoelectric effect of the material. When the external force received by the piezoelectric ceramic is opposite, the generated charges are opposite, once the external force disappears, the charges also disappear, and the generated electric quantity can provide electric energy for the speed sensor 2 connected with the piezoelectric ceramic, so that the effect of self-powered energy supply is achieved.
The supporting arm 5 is preferably made of rubber, so that the frequency and amplitude of vibration of the supporting arm 5 can be improved, the power generation effect of the piezoelectric ceramics can be improved, the supporting arm 5 can receive the vibration force influence in any direction (up-down, left-right), the piezoelectric ceramics is strip-shaped, one end of the supporting arm 5 extends to the other end of the supporting arm 5 in a spiral shape, when 5 arbitrary directions of support arm are undulant like this, piezoceramics homoenergetic generates electricity, in addition, piezoceramics is for undercut and laminate with groove structure through groove structure's part, the vibration amplitude of improvement support arm 5 that the sunk structure can be further, has also carried out further compression and tensile to piezoceramics, has increased piezoceramics's area, has also just also increased energy collection efficiency, and in addition, groove structure can control the frequency of vibration of support arm 5 at controllable within range.
Each energy collector is an independent sensor component which independently supplies power for a sensor, for example, the sensor body is a speed sensor 2, each energy collector is fixed with a speed sensor 2, the speed sensor 2 is fixed on a mass block 1 through a mounting seat 4 and is fastened through a bolt 3, the bolt 3 is used for fixing the internal structure of the speed sensor 2, and the mounting seat 4 is used for enhancing the stability of the speed sensor 2 on a supporting arm 5. The support 8 is of a columnar structure, the support 8 is vertically fixed on the base 9, 2-6 energy collectors are fixed on the side face surrounding the support 8, and one device can simultaneously realize the work of 2-6 sensors. The base 9 is provided with a mounting hole, and the screw 7 passes through the mounting hole to fix the base 9 at a position needing to be mounted. Electric energy storage circuit, electric energy discharge circuit in the twinkling of an eye, control circuit, treater and communication unit all fix in base 9, and components and parts in the base 9 are connected with sensor body, piezoceramics through passing connecting rod 6 and the inside wire of support arm 5, and such layout structure is also more reasonable, and the later stage is overhauld after convenient production, and base 9 also has the effect of protecting inside electronic components.
In order to ensure the working reliability of the device, each energy collector is provided with a rubber supporting bowl which is of a spherical crown structure, the periphery of the rubber supporting bowl is supported or fixed on the support 8, the top end of the rubber supporting bowl is supported or fixed at the end part of the supporting arm 5, and the connecting rod 6 penetrates through the rubber supporting bowl and is fixed on the support 8, so that the supporting arm 5 can be supported and protected, certain elastic supporting force can be provided for the supporting arm 5, and the influence of vibration force on the supporting arm 5 is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the energy collector is connected to the electric energy storage circuit through a power line and charges the electric energy storage circuit, the electric energy storage circuit is connected to the power supply terminal of the sensor body through an electric energy instant discharge circuit, and when the support arm 5 vibrates to generate corresponding mechanical energy, the piezoelectric ceramic material adhered to the support arm 5 converts the mechanical energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the super capacitor. When the electric quantity is accumulated to a certain degree, the control circuit controls the electric energy to discharge instantly, and the circuit works. The electric quantity in the super capacitor is released instantly, large discharging power is generated to drive the speed sensor 2, the processor and the transmitting module to work, meanwhile, under the action of the positive piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric element in the speed sensor 2, when the speed sensor 2 senses vibration, the force of a mass block 1 in the speed sensor 2 acting on the piezoelectric element changes simultaneously, the electric charge generated by the piezoelectric element is in a direct proportion relation with an acceleration value, the electric charge is transmitted to a rear-end integral amplification circuit board through a lead and then is converted into voltage quantity related to the vibration speed quantity to be output, and the effect of measuring the vibration speed is achieved.
Each energy collector is provided with an independent electric energy storage circuit, an electric energy instant discharge circuit and a control circuit, the piezoelectric ceramics are all made of piezoelectric PZT-5H materials, the strip-shaped piezoelectric ceramics on the same supporting arm 5 are composed of a plurality of sections of independent piezoelectric ceramic units, the piezoelectric ceramic units are connected in parallel to the electric energy storage circuit,
piezoelectric layers of the piezoelectric ceramics are connected in parallel (the polarization directions are opposite), a middle metal layer is used as a common electrode of the upper piezoelectric layer and the lower piezoelectric layer, a metal film is covered on the surface of the piezoelectric layers and used as an extraction electrode for collecting electric charges, and tungsten alloy is fixed at the free end of the supporting arm 5 and used as a mass block 1. The piezoelectric layers of the support arms 5 are connected in parallel to improve the energy harvesting current. Wherein the elastic constant of the piezoelectric ceramic is 6.2 x 1010Pa, relative dielectric constant of 3800, and piezoelectric strain constant of 320 × 10 pC/N. The Poisson ratio of the intermediate metal layer is 0.34, and the density is 8.96 multiplied by 103kg/m3The density of the mass block 18 of the collector is 17.9 multiplied by 103kg/m3。
The power management circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifying circuit, an energy storage circuit, an instantaneous discharge circuit and the like. A schematic diagram of a power management circuit is shown in fig. 3. The super capacitor C1 is an energy storage capacitor and provides energy for the operation of the sensor. The electrolytic capacitor C2 is an auxiliary capacitor and provides working voltage and energy for the control circuit. The control circuit controls the work of the instantaneous discharge circuit by detecting the voltage of the energy storage capacitor.
The piezoelectric transducers are connected in parallel to convert mechanical energy generated by vibration into electric energy, the impedance matching circuit is used for impedance matching of the piezoelectric transducers, and the matched two paths of energy output signals are rectified to respectively charge the C1 and the C2. When the voltage of the C1 reaches the upper limit of the threshold voltage, the instantaneous discharge circuit starts to work, the energy storage capacitor releases the stored electric energy instantaneously, and the sensor is driven to work. With the energy consumption of the inductor, when the voltage of the C1 is reduced to the lower limit of the threshold voltage, the discharge circuit finishes working, and the energy storage capacitor finishes discharging. The energy storage capacitor discharges once, the sensor finishes collecting emission data once, and the energy storage capacitor enters the next charging period.
The load of the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit is composed of three parts of a speed sensor 2 element, a data processor and a communication unit. The sensing element is selected from a MAP & BAP absolute speed sensor 2 according to requirements, which is a typical safety-related speed sensor 2 and has small size, low power consumption and high precision. The data processing and control unit selects an ultra-low power consumption processor ATmega32L from Atmel corporation. The communication unit adopts a single-chip UHF transceiving communication chip CC1100 designed by Chipcon company for low-power consumption wireless application.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification.
Claims (10)
1. A self-powered sensor based on vibration energy collector is characterized in that: the energy collector is connected the electric energy storage circuit through the power cord and charges for the electric energy storage circuit, the electric energy storage circuit passes through the power end of electric energy discharge circuit connection sensor body in the twinkling of an eye, energy collector is equipped with the support arm, the support arm is cone or frustum structure, the less one end rigid coupling of support arm has the connecting rod and fixes on the support through the connecting rod, the great one end rigid coupling of support arm has the quality piece, the support arm surface is attached to have the piezoceramics that is used for the electricity generation.
2. The vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor of claim 1, wherein: the supporting arm is provided with a groove structure sunken to the axis direction at intervals of a set distance, and the supporting arm is made of rubber.
3. A vibration energy harvester based self-powered sensor as defined in claim 2 wherein: piezoceramics is the strip structure, is the heliciform by support arm one end and extends to the other end of support arm, piezoceramics is undercut and laminates with groove structure through groove structure's part.
4. A vibration energy harvester based self-powered sensor as defined in claim 3 wherein: the support is of a columnar structure, the support is vertically fixed on the base, 2-6 energy collectors are fixed on the side face surrounding the support, and the base is fixed at a position needing to be installed through mounting holes in which screws penetrate.
5. The vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor of claim 4, wherein: the sensor body is a speed sensor, each energy collector is fixedly provided with a speed sensor, and the speed sensors are fixed on the mass block through mounting seats.
6. The vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor of claim 5, wherein: each energy collector is provided with a rubber supporting bowl, the periphery of the rubber supporting bowl is supported or fixed on the support, the top end of the rubber supporting bowl is supported or fixed at the end part of the supporting arm, and the connecting rod penetrates through the rubber supporting bowl and is fixed on the support.
7. A self-powered sensor based on a vibration energy harvester according to any of claims 1-6 and characterized in that: each energy collector is provided with an independent electric energy storage circuit, an electric energy instant discharge circuit and a control circuit, the piezoelectric ceramics are piezoelectric PZT-5H materials, strip-shaped piezoelectric ceramics on the same supporting arm are composed of a plurality of sections of independent piezoelectric ceramic units, the piezoelectric ceramic units are connected into the electric energy storage circuit in parallel, each electric energy storage circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifying circuit and a capacitor, the input end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the output end of the impedance matching circuit is connected with the input end of the rectifying circuit, the output end of the rectifying circuit charges the capacitor, and the capacitor is connected with the input end of the electric energy instant discharge circuit.
8. A vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor as defined in claim 7 wherein: every the electric energy storage circuit is equipped with two condensers and is condenser C1 and condenser C2 respectively, rectifier circuit has two way outputs and connects condenser C1 and condenser C2 respectively, condenser C1 connects electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit and supplies power for it, condenser C2 connects control circuit and supplies power for it, control circuit's control signal output end connects electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit's control signal input end.
9. The vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor of claim 8, wherein: the signal output end of the sensor body is connected with the signal input end of the processor, the signal output end of the processor is connected with the communication unit, the signal collected by the sensor body is sent to the matched receiver through the communication unit by adopting a wireless signal, and the power output end of the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit is respectively connected with the power ends of the processor and the communication unit.
10. A vibration energy harvester-based self-powered sensor as defined in claim 9 wherein: the electric energy storage circuit, the electric energy instantaneous discharge circuit, the control circuit, the processor and the communication unit are all fixed in the base, and components and parts in the base are connected with the sensor body and the piezoelectric ceramics through wires penetrating through the connecting rod and the inside of the supporting arm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113098119A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Transmission line vibration monitoring devices of multipotency source energy supply |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113098119A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Transmission line vibration monitoring devices of multipotency source energy supply |
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