CN111910044A - Pretreatment method of light scrap steel and device used by same - Google Patents
Pretreatment method of light scrap steel and device used by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111910044A CN111910044A CN202010943767.3A CN202010943767A CN111910044A CN 111910044 A CN111910044 A CN 111910044A CN 202010943767 A CN202010943767 A CN 202010943767A CN 111910044 A CN111910044 A CN 111910044A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
- C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a pretreatment method of light scrap steel and a device used by the same, belonging to the field of steel smelting, wherein the method comprises the steps of scrap steel crushing, scrap steel heating and dezincification, scrap steel hot-pressing blocks and hot-pressing block hot conveying; the waste steel heating and dezincification step is that materials are prepared according to the proportion and the feeding amount, the materials are loaded into the tail part of the rotary kiln, the materials in the kiln are heated to about 900 ℃ by burning at the head part of the rotary kiln, the temperature of the materials is gradually reduced to be within 200 ℃ along with the flow of smoke gas to the tail part of the rotary kiln, and zinc steam flows along with the flow of the smoke gas to the tail part of the kiln and is finally collected by a bag-type dust collector. Compared with the prior art, can promote the rate of recovery of steel scrap by a wide margin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steelmaking raw material preparation, and particularly relates to a scrap steel crushing, scrap steel heating and dezincification, scrap steel hot-pressing blocks and a high-temperature scrap steel hot-conveying system.
Background
The steel scrap is a main raw material produced by an electric arc furnace for steelmaking and is also an important raw material produced by the converter, the steel scrap is divided into different types such as heavy waste, medium waste, light thin material and the like according to the thickness, the size, the specific gravity and the like, and the light steel scrap such as the light waste, the light thin material and the like can seriously influence the steelmaking production rhythm due to irregular size and small bulk density during steelmaking production, so that the yield is reduced, the cost is increased, and the consumption of steel and iron materials is increased.
The galvanized materials account for a large proportion in light scrap steel, most of zinc in the galvanized materials can be brought out along with steelmaking dust removal ash in the steelmaking process, so that the zinc content in the steelmaking dust removal ash is increased, the zinc content of primary dust removal ash can reach 0.5-1%, the ash amount generated by each ton of steel can reach about 30kg, the zinc content of secondary dust removal ash and tertiary dust removal ash can reach 1-5%, the production amount of each ton of steel is about 1kg, the cost of the low-zinc dust removal ash for the zinc extraction process is too high and cannot be accepted by nonferrous metal smelting factories, and the steelmaking dust removal ash contains more than 50% of iron, so the steelmaking dust removal ash is mainly applied to producing sintered ores and being used for blast furnace ironmaking at present, but the harm of zinc to blast furnace smelting is extremely serious, the zinc absorbs heat in a high-temperature region and is reduced and evaporated in the high-temperature region, and is oxidized and evaporated in the low-temperature region, After being condensed, the condensed slag adheres to the furnace burden to move up and down and circulate continuously, the enrichment in the blast furnace is up to 80 times, the precious heat of a high-temperature area is wasted greatly, the fuel ratio of the blast furnace is increased greatly, the yield is reduced greatly, malignant accidents such as malignant tumors, material collapse, furnace coolness and the like can be caused seriously, and the yield, the quality and the cost of the blast furnace are seriously influenced. Therefore, the requirement of the iron-making industry on the zinc load of the blast furnace is very strict, 1000m3The zinc content of the sintering ore entering the furnace is required to be not more than 0.01% by the blast furnace above grade, and practice proves that under the condition that about 100kg of light scrap steel is added to each ton of steel of the converter, after the fly ash is used for sintering production with matched productivity, the zinc content of the sintering ore can reach more than 0.03%, exceeds the iron-making requirement by more than 3 times, the influence on the fuel ratio of the blast furnace can reach more than 20kg/t, and the influence on the iron-making yield can reach more than 10%.
The main current methods for treating light scrap are cold briquetting and crushing, which only increase the bulk density properly but do not change the performance substantially, the recovery rate of iron is less than 90%, and the problem of zinc is still unsolved.
At present, the method for treating zinc in scrap steel in the steel industry is to carry out secondary treatment on generated steelmaking fly ash after scrap steel is used in steelmaking, the application is not wide, more than all, the method is to apply the steelmaking primary fly ash to sintering and ironmaking, enrich zinc in blast furnace cloth bag fly ash and then carry out treatment, the main treatment methods include a rotary hearth furnace method, a rotary kiln method, and a method of centralized treatment by using a small-sized sintering machine and a small-sized blast furnace, but the method has the following problems:
1) the production amount of the steelmaking primary dedusting ash is large, the quantity of the steelmaking primary dedusting ash is three times of the total amount of the steelmaking secondary dedusting ash, the steelmaking tertiary dedusting ash and the blast furnace cloth bag dedusting ash, the zinc amount is only about 0.7%, and the recovery rate of zinc is only 50%, so more enterprises can only select to apply to sintering and iron making, and after the zinc is enriched in the blast furnace cloth bag dedusting ash, the zinc is recovered, and thus, the blast furnace production is influenced certainly.
2) The process for treating the fly ash by adopting the methods of a rotary hearth furnace, a rotary kiln and the like has the advantages that the zinc content in the treated product still reaches about 0.4 percent, so the lower the zinc content in the fly ash is, the lower the recovery rate is, the average zinc content of the two-time and three-time fly ash for steelmaking and the average zinc content of the fly ash for bag dedusting of a blast furnace are only about 2 percent under the normal condition, the recovery rate of zinc is only about 80 percent, and the rest zinc still needs to return to the steelmaking or the blast furnace for continuous circulation.
3) The process for treating the dust-removing ash by using the special agglomeration machine and the small-sized smelting furnace has the advantages that zinc does not enter a normal steel production procedure in theory, the recovery rate is highest, but when the process is used for smelting a high-zinc raw material, the fuel consumption is more than 1.5 times of that of the common iron-making production, and a large amount of energy is wasted.
In summary, the current treatment technologies do not collect zinc in the scrap from the source, so that either one-time damage to blast furnace production is caused or a large amount of energy is wasted, and thus, the current treatment technologies are not widely popularized. How to do from the source can not only effectively recover the zinc in the scrap steel, directly avoid the harm to iron-making production, but also improve the production efficiency of steelmaking, increase the usage amount and yield of light scrap steel, reduce energy consumption, and can be popularized more widely, which is the main problem existing in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical task of the invention is to provide a light scrap steel pretreatment method and a device used by the same, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The method has the advantages that light scrap steel is processed into furnace burden with the specific gravity close to that of heavy scrap steel, most of zinc elements in the scrap steel are removed through high temperature, the influence on blast furnace smelting in the application process is avoided, the use value of the light scrap steel is greatly improved, meanwhile, zinc in the scrap steel is effectively extracted to be used for refining metal zinc, finally, a high-temperature scrap steel hot-pressing block is loaded into a steelmaking furnace through a hot conveying system, the waste of energy is reduced, the adding amount and smelting rhythm of converter scrap steel can be improved, and the method is a circular economy technology which simultaneously has the advantages of improving efficiency, reducing energy consumption, recycling waste, and treating both the symptoms and the root causes.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: a pretreatment method of light scrap steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of scrap steel crushing, scrap steel heating and dezincification, scrap steel hot-pressing blocks and hot-pressing block hot conveying; the step of crushing the scrap steel, namely crushing the scrap steel until the grain size is less than or equal to 200 mm; the waste steel heating and dezincification step is characterized in that materials are prepared according to a set proportion and a feeding amount and are loaded into the tail of the rotary kiln, the materials in the kiln are heated to about 900 ℃ by burning at the head of the rotary kiln, the temperature of the materials is gradually reduced until the temperature is within 200 ℃ along with the flow of flue gas to the tail of the rotary kiln, the waste steel moves from the tail to the head in the kiln along with the rotation of the rotary kiln, the temperature is gradually increased along with the movement of the waste steel, and zinc steam flows to the tail of the kiln along with the flue gas and is finally collected by a bag-; the step of hot pressing the waste steel is to press the high-temperature waste steel discharged from the tail of the rotary kiln into blocks; and the hot-pressing block hot-conveying step is to convey the hot-pressing blocks to a hot-pressing block storage bin, then load the hot-pressing blocks into a special heat-preservation transport vehicle, and convey the hot-pressing blocks to a steelmaking workshop.
The proportion of the scrap steel in the materials is between 20% and 100%.
The movement time of the materials in the rotary kiln is controlled to be 30 minutes to 60 minutes.
In the step of heating and dezincification of the waste steel, the air excess coefficient of the gas burner is controlled to be 1-1.05.
In the hot pressing step of the scrap steel, the pressing pressure is more than 100MPa, and the bulk density reaches 6.0t/m3The above.
The temperature of the hot-pressed block entering the converter workshop is not lower than 300 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding beneficial effects:
1. pressing light scrap steel into the steel plate with the density as high as 6.0t/m3The recovery rate of the heavy scrap steel can be improved by 4.4% in the steelmaking process;
2. 92 percent of zinc in the scrap steel is removed, so that the harm of the zinc to the blast furnace production of the iron and steel enterprises is greatly reduced;
3. the zinc content in the collected dust reaches 48 percent, so that the method becomes a raw material for efficiently refining the metal zinc, and because the zinc content is very high, the refining difficulty and cost are greatly reduced, and the recovery rate of zinc is improved.
4. The heat preservation and heat delivery technology of the hot-pressing blocks is adopted, so that the heat of the hot-pressing blocks is effectively utilized, the consumption of molten iron of 11kg/t is reduced, and the steelmaking capacity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention provides a pretreatment method of light steel scrap.
And the step of crushing the scrap steel, namely crushing the scrap steel into small-particle-size crushed materials with the particle size of less than or equal to 200mm, so as to be beneficial to improving the heating efficiency and the hot-pressing efficiency.
The step of heating and dezincification of the waste steel is to use a corresponding electronic belt scale to mix materials such as broken waste steel materials, steel particles, scrap iron and the like according to a set proportion and a certain feeding amount, wherein the proportion of the broken materials is determined according to the actual production condition, and the proportion of the waste steel is between 20% and 100%. The prepared materials are loaded into the tail part of the rotary kiln by a loading belt conveyor, coal gas or natural gas is combusted at the head part of the rotary kiln, the materials in the kiln are heated to about 900 ℃ (860-910 ℃ in the specific embodiment), the temperature of the materials is gradually reduced until the temperature is within 200 ℃ along with the flow of flue gas to the tail part of the rotary kiln, and the specific combustion temperature and the gas flow can be adjusted by combining the characteristics of waste steel and the zinc content in dust (the temperature is shown in the parameter table in the embodiment). Along with the rotation of the rotary kiln, the scrap steel moves from the tail part to the head part in the kiln, the temperature is gradually increased, when the temperature reaches above 900 ℃, metal zinc in the scrap steel is completely evaporated into zinc steam, flows to the tail part of the kiln along with smoke, and is finally collected by a bag-type dust collector. The movement time of the scrap steel in the rotary kiln is controlled to be 30-60 minutes, and the specific time needs to be adjusted by adjusting the charging speed and the rotary kiln running speed in combination with the characteristics of the scrap steel and the dezincification effect. Since the metallic zinc begins to be oxidized at the temperature of more than 200 ℃, the control of the atmosphere in the kiln, the control of the oxygen content in the waste gas and the prevention of the oxidation of the metallic zinc on the scrap steel are important measures for ensuring the yield of the zinc, and in order to achieve the aim, the control of the air excess coefficient of the gas burner to be 1-1.05 is of great importance. After the bag-type dust collector is used for recycling, the zinc content in the produced zinc ash reaches more than 40%, and the zinc-containing dust is used as a raw material of a non-ferrous metal smelting factory and is used for refining metal zinc, so that the metal zinc is effectively recycled. After zinc in the light scrap steel is extracted, the zinc content in the steelmaking fly ash can be greatly reduced during steelmaking production, so that the steelmaking fly ash is more effectively applied to sintering production in a large quantity, the problems of blast furnace wall nodulation, unsmooth furnace condition, high blast furnace fuel ratio and the like caused by zinc enrichment are avoided, and meanwhile, the zinc content in the blast furnace fly ash can be effectively controlled, so that the blast furnace cloth bag fly ash can be recycled for sintering, and the consumption of sintering solid fuel can be reduced due to a large amount of carbon contained in the blast furnace fly ash.
The step of hot pressing the waste steel comprises the step of pressing the high-temperature waste steel discharged from the tail part of the rotary kiln into blocks, wherein the bulk specific gravity reaches 6.0t/m under the pressure of more than 100MPa3The method is beneficial to charging and smelting of a steel-making converter or an electric arc furnace, and improves the steel-making rhythm and the iron recovery rateAnd the loading difficulty of the converter is reduced.
And the hot-pressing block hot-conveying step is to convey the hot-pressing blocks to a hot-pressing block storage bin, then load the hot-pressing blocks into a special heat-preservation transport vehicle, and convey the hot-pressing blocks to a steelmaking workshop. In order to reduce heat loss and achieve better heat delivery effect, a heat-insulating cover is required to insulate the whole process, and the temperature of a hot-pressed block entering a converter workshop is ensured to be not lower than 300 ℃. The temperature of the hot-pressed scrap steel can reach more than 600 ℃, and the scrap steel is conveyed to a steelmaking workshop by a special automobile with heat preservation measures and directly enters the furnace, so that the waste of heat can be avoided.
The device used by the light scrap steel pretreatment method provided by the invention is shown in figure 1 and comprises a scrap steel crushing system 100, a scrap steel heating and dezincification system 200, a scrap steel hot-pressing block system 300 and a hot-pressing block hot-conveying system 400 which are connected in sequence.
The scrap crushing system 100 includes a scrap crusher 12 and a belt conveyor 13 connected in series. Light scrap in a scrap yard 11 is loaded into a hopper of a scrap crusher 12 by a loader, an electromagnetic chuck, or the like, the scrap crusher 12 is operated to crush scrap into a crushed piece of 200mm or less, and the crushed piece is conveyed to a scrap crushing bin 21 of the scrap heating dezincification system 200 by a belt conveyor 13. The scrap steel is crushed into small-particle-size crushed materials of 0mm to 200mm, so that the heating efficiency and the hot pressing efficiency are improved.
The waste steel heating and dezincification system 200 comprises a waste steel crushing bin 21, an electronic belt scale 22, a charging belt conveyor 23, a rotary kiln 24, a combustion fan 25, a gas burner 26, a bag-type dust remover 27 and a dust removing fan 28. The scrap steel crushing bin 21 is connected to the tail part of the rotary kiln 24 through an electronic belt scale 22 and a charging belt conveyor 23. The head of the rotary kiln 24 is provided with a gas burner 26 connected with a combustion fan 25. The tail of the rotary kiln 24 is provided with a bag-type dust collector 27 connected with a dust collection fan 28.
For steel particles and iron filings to be added, the system also comprises a steel particle bin 21 ', an iron filings bin 21', a steel particle electronic belt scale 22 'and an iron filings electronic belt scale 22'. The materials such as broken scrap steel, steel particles, scrap iron and the like are prepared according to a set proportion and a feeding amount by using a corresponding electronic belt scale, the proportion of the broken scrap steel is determined according to the actual production condition, and the proportion of the scrap steel is between 20% and 100%. The prepared materials are loaded into the tail part of a rotary kiln 24 by a loading belt conveyor 23, a combustion fan 25 and a gas burner 26 are used at the head part of the rotary kiln 24 to burn gas or natural gas, the materials in the kiln are heated to about 900 ℃, the temperature of the materials is gradually reduced along with the flow of flue gas to the tail part of the rotary kiln 24 until the temperature is within 200 ℃, and the specific combustion temperature and the gas flow can be adjusted by combining the characteristics of waste steel and the zinc content in dust (the temperature is shown in an embodiment parameter table). Along with the rotation of the rotary kiln 24, the scrap steel moves from the tail part to the head part in the kiln, the temperature is gradually increased, when the temperature reaches above 900 ℃, metal zinc in the scrap steel is completely evaporated into zinc steam, and the zinc steam flows to the tail part of the kiln along with smoke and is finally collected by a bag-type dust collector 27. The bag-type dust collector 27 is mounted on a smoke hood at the tail of the rotary kiln 24 through a flue, and after zinc-containing dust is pumped into the bag-type dust collector 27 by using the dust removing fan 28 and collected, the smoke reaching the standard is discharged into the atmosphere.
The scrap steel hot-pressing system 300 comprises a distributor 31 and a hydraulic machine 32 which are connected in sequence, wherein the hydraulic machine 32 is connected with a hydraulic station 33. The high-temperature steel scrap discharged from the tail of the rotary kiln 24 passes through the distributor 31 and is loaded into a cylinder of a hydraulic press 32, and then the hydraulic station 33 is operated to press the high-temperature steel scrap into blocks.
The hot-pressing block hot-conveying system 400 comprises a plate conveyor 41, a hot-pressing block storage bin 42, an electromagnetic chuck crane 43 and a special heat-preservation transport vehicle 44. The scrap steel briquettes pressed by the hydraulic press 32 are conveyed to a hot briquette storage bin 42 by a plate conveyor 41, and then the hot briquettes are loaded into a special heat-insulating transport vehicle 44 by an electromagnetic chuck crane 43 and conveyed to a steel-making workshop. In order to reduce heat loss and achieve better heat transfer effect, the plate conveyor 41 and the hot-pressed block storage bin 42 must be insulated by heat-insulating covers, and the carriage of the heat-insulating transport vehicle 44 is insulated by adopting a light refractory heat-insulating material and is provided with a heat-insulating cover.
For better verification, the technology of the invention is implemented on a hot pressing production line of scrap steel in Hebei, and the hot pressing block is applied to a 60t converter of a certain steel enterprise, and various indexes and parameters are checked and tracked, wherein the parameters and result data are as follows.
(1) Production scheme
(2) Production index
(3) Effect of steel-smelting application
According to the briquetting produced by applying the technology disclosed by the invention, 50kg of light thin materials are used for replacing each ton of steel, medium-sized scrap steel is still used for the rest scrap steel, and the Q235 type steel billet is produced, wherein the steelmaking indexes are compared as follows:
note: the iron yield of the light thin material is obtained according to experience, and the calculation method of the iron yield of the light thin material and various hot-pressing blocks comprises the following steps: (iron content of iron blank-iron content of molten iron per ton of steel X iron content of molten iron X iron yield of molten iron-consumption of other scrap steel per ton of steel X iron yield of scrap steel)/consumption of light sheet or hot briquette X iron content. Wherein the iron content of the steel billet is 99 percent, the iron content of the molten iron is 94 percent, the iron yield is 98 percent, and the iron content of other scrap steel is 98 percent, and the iron yield is 98 percent.
(4) Comprehensive analysis
By applying the technology of the invention, when the light scrap steel is completely used, the recovery rate of zinc reaches 92%, the zinc content in the dedusting ash reaches 48%, when the technology is applied to steelmaking production, the yield of iron is increased by 4.4% compared with the yield of iron produced by directly using light thin materials, and meanwhile, because a hot charging measure is adopted, the heat of a hot pressing block is effectively utilized, the consumption of 11kg/t molten iron is further reduced, and the steelmaking capacity is improved.
By applying the technology of the invention, after part of steel particles and scrap iron are added, various indexes have a descending trend, but relatively better indexes can be obtained under the condition that the adding amount is not more than 50 percent, and in order to achieve better indexes, the addition of the steel particles and the scrap iron is not recommended unless the zinc-containing waste steel resources are insufficient, and the proper consideration can be given.
It should be noted that while the invention has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various obvious changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A pretreatment method of light scrap steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of scrap steel crushing, scrap steel heating and dezincification, scrap steel hot-pressing blocks and hot-pressing block hot conveying; the step of crushing the scrap steel, namely crushing the scrap steel until the grain size is less than or equal to 200 mm; the waste steel heating and dezincification step is characterized in that materials are prepared according to a set proportion and a feeding amount and are loaded into the tail of the rotary kiln, the materials in the kiln are heated to about 900 ℃ by burning at the head of the rotary kiln, the temperature of the materials is gradually reduced until the temperature is within 200 ℃ along with the flow of flue gas to the tail of the rotary kiln, the waste steel moves from the tail to the head in the kiln along with the rotation of the rotary kiln, the temperature is gradually increased along with the movement of the waste steel, and zinc steam flows to the tail of the kiln along with the flue gas and is finally collected by a bag-; the step of hot pressing the waste steel is to press the high-temperature waste steel discharged from the tail of the rotary kiln into blocks; and the hot-pressing block hot-conveying step is to convey the hot-pressing blocks to a hot-pressing block storage bin, then load the hot-pressing blocks into a special heat-preservation transport vehicle, and convey the hot-pressing blocks to a steelmaking workshop.
2. The method for pretreating light gauge scrap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the proportion of the scrap steel in the material is between 20% and 100%.
3. The method for pretreating light gauge scrap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the movement time of the materials in the rotary kiln is controlled between 30 minutes and 60 minutes.
4. The method for pretreating light gauge scrap according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step of heating and dezincification of the waste steel, the air surplus coefficient of a gas burner is controlled to be 1-1.05.
5. The method for pretreating light gauge scrap according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step of hot pressing the scrap steel, the pressing pressure is more than 100MPa, and the bulk density reaches 6.0t/m3The above.
6. The method for pretreating light gauge scrap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the hot-pressed block entering the converter workshop is not lower than 300 ℃.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112320577A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-05 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Operation method for improving counterweight tonnage of scrap steel hopper |
| CN112593037A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-02 | 欧冶链金再生资源有限公司 | Method for efficiently utilizing dezincification waste heat of zinc-containing waste steel |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112320577A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-05 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Operation method for improving counterweight tonnage of scrap steel hopper |
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| CN112593037A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-02 | 欧冶链金再生资源有限公司 | Method for efficiently utilizing dezincification waste heat of zinc-containing waste steel |
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