CN1119089C - 柔性头盔 - Google Patents

柔性头盔 Download PDF

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CN1119089C
CN1119089C CN97197250A CN97197250A CN1119089C CN 1119089 C CN1119089 C CN 1119089C CN 97197250 A CN97197250 A CN 97197250A CN 97197250 A CN97197250 A CN 97197250A CN 1119089 C CN1119089 C CN 1119089C
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helmet
internal layer
tool
layer component
flexible
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理查德·W·马奇二世
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42HEADWEAR
    • A42BHATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42HEADWEAR
    • A42BHATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/10Linings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42HEADWEAR
    • A42BHATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/32Collapsible helmets; Helmets made of separable parts ; Helmets with movable parts, e.g. adjustable
    • A42B3/322Collapsible helmets
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42HEADWEAR
    • A42BHATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/32Collapsible helmets; Helmets made of separable parts ; Helmets with movable parts, e.g. adjustable
    • A42B3/324Adjustable helmets

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Abstract

一种柔性防护头盔,包括由各耐冲击段(11-17)构成的外层,并且重叠在由紧密连接的耐冲击和能量吸收构件(18-24)构成的内层上,并且由柔软的弹性片(26-32)固定安装和相互连接,并且还包括一椭圆形冠状构件(25)。

Description

柔性头盔
本申请是美国专利申请08/299,532的部分继续申请。
技术领域
本发明总的涉及防护头盔组件,具体地涉及具有能适应佩戴者头部形状和尺寸的构件的头盔。
背景技术
多年以来,在激烈的体育和娱乐中以及在某些军事活动中,需要一种体积小并且外形轻巧的具有显著保护作用的头盔。产生这种需要的目的和此头盔将可达到的目的是根据头盔应用情况而具有最大的灵活性或非常低的气动阻力。然而,保护佩戴者头部不受冲击仍是优先于此要求的。现有技术一贯地通过采用基本上整体的刚性外壳而实现此优先目的。这些一般衬有多种可吸收冲击力的材料的外壳必须制成得足够大以容纳由佩戴者头部形状并且一定程度上由佩戴者头部尺寸所决定的其它垫层结构或衬垫组件。这些垫片或构件的使用需要头盔整体体积相应增加,从而有损于其尺寸形状、稳定性以及气动阻力。优先提供足够的保护性与需要头盔体积非常小或气动阻力非常低之间的矛盾在现有技术中仅间接地在非常有限的条件上得到解决。试图解决此问题的一个方案是采用柔性或弹性织物。例如在授予Aileo的美国专利3,784,984(1974年)和授予小Frieder等人的美国专利4,023,209(1977)中就揭示了此类措施。在这些专利中,头盔衬层由网眼织物制成袋形部件构成,在袋形部件中塞有一系列能量吸收垫片。在这些头盔中采用弹性网将可提供与佩戴者头部形状和尺寸对应的柔软度。然而,此性能与在多个板条的边缘大量采用非弹性的加强带来限制那些板条的弹性功能而大相矛盾。
尽管如此,由上述专利部分举例列出的现有技术所固有的最主要问题是:当冲击到多种垫片构件与故意留出的空隙相邻近的部分上时,头盔非常易碎。问题还发生在军事应用所采用的用于声音衰减和透过的内部耳罩组件的边缘和区域中。此弱点还类似的发生在整体垫片的凹槽中,如授予Brower的美国专利4,843,642(1989年)所示。所要求的各段邻接程度增加是当一径向冲击作用于相邻的部分时在这些凹槽中发生的。虽然头盔省去了使用外层壳体,但没有表明具有可防止佩戴者头部不在这些凹槽部位受到冲击的特点。
认识到这些易损性,现有技术提示了如果要提供完全的抗冲击保护,必须与采用刚性的、基本上一体式的外壳或包含此措施的多个部件的组件相反的构思。由于这些外壳的非柔性的特点,它们存在总体轮廓体积增加并且重量相应增加和灵活性减小。它们不存在与佩戴者头部一致的流线型紧凑性,而是不适当地妨碍了这方面的效果。在上述的专利中,佩戴者可选择放弃这些外壳,而采用可拆卸的附件,但佩戴者必须忍受为了获得充分的保护而用的多个部件整个带来的贮存运输和组装的不便。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种不使用一体式外壳结构就与现有技术的外壳等同效果的防止佩戴者受到冲击的保护装置,或者基本上含有这种防护措施的多个部件构成的固定组件。
本发明另一个目的是提供一种体积尽可能小、重量尽可能轻的紧凑而轻巧型头盔,同时与现有技术相比,灵活性显著增加并且气动阻力减小。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种具有上述特性的防护头盔,其可最大限度地适应佩戴者头部形状和尺寸,而不使用现有技术中所出现的辅助垫片或可调节装置。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种柔性防护头盔,包括由多个具有适当耐冲击力和能量吸收构件所组成的一内层构件,由多个较硬的具有耐冲击力并固定安装的各段所构成的外层段,将所述吸收构件固定安装到所述内层构件的邻接吸收构件上以及将所述各段安装到所述内层构件上的柔软且具弹性的弹性片,所述柔软且具弹性的弹性片由柔性且具弹性的织物或柔软且具弹性的片材制成,其中,所述各吸收构件的上横向边构成一冠状区,所述柔软且具弹性的弹性片通过一粘性化合物固定安装到所述构件和所述各段上,从而所述头盔可为佩戴者提供与采用刚性且基本上为整体的外壳的头盔等同的防护效果。
本发明包括一柔性头盔,它含有由较硬材料制成的衬层段相互连接构成的一内层,通过弹性片将它们与一由较硬的没有垫片的各材料段构成的外层相互连接,还包括一椭冠状构件。内层的各段从冠状构件纵向伸出并且沿其纵向边上由弹性片保持成封闭的邻接。弹性片还使外层段位于内层段的纵向邻近处,弹性片从冠状构件纵向伸出。所以,外层段的纵向边重叠在任两个邻接内层段的纵向边上。此方案可形成一柔软而具弹性的头盔,并且对佩戴者的头部形状和尺寸具有良好的一致性,并且因流线型气动阻力可使结构非常紧凑并且灵活性最大。
所以,对于本技术领域中的普通技术人员而言,从此处和下文中详细描述中可了解到,与现有技术不同的构思可实现本发明的这些目的。
附图说明
以下附图将与说明书和下文的详细描述一起供参阅:
图1是从佩戴者右侧所见的头盔的侧向视图;
图2是从佩戴者左侧所见的头盔的侧向视图;
图3是从佩戴者右侧所见的头盔的纵向剖视图,示出了构件、弹性片和各片的布置情况;
图4是从佩戴者左侧所见的头盔纵向剖视图,示出了构件、弹性片和各片的布置情况;
图5是沿图1中线5-5剖切所见的构件、弹性片和各片的布置情况的局部平面图;
图6是各构件、弹性片和各片布置情况的侧向分解图;
图7是图6所示布置情况的分解平面图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,“纵向”一词解释为是指竖直的,以及交替指头盔弧矢平面(前-后)和冠状平面(侧-侧)。“横向”一词解释为指水平的,以及近似垂直于纵向。“方向”词表明头盔在使用于基本上正立的佩戴者头部时的方向。“片”一词指一片状材料,相对大致半球形的人头,其在附图中示出为已经模塑或热成形在其位置上。“构件”一词指一段材料,其已经叠置或胶合到能量吸收垫片上。
现参见图1所示,图中示出了总体上由标号10示出的软性防护头盔,其包括一较硬的内层,通过弹性材料片26、27、28、29、30、31和32而相互固定连接的冲击吸收构件18、19、20、21、22、23和24,如图3和4清楚所示。盖于构件内层上的是外层段11、12、13、14、15、16和17,如图1和2清楚所示,它们通过图3和4中所示的弹性片而固定地连接到构件内层上。头盔包括一可调节的颏带26A和26B,如图1和2所示,其末端27A和27B安装有传统的可拆卸五金件(未示)。
各内层构件部分地由较硬的各段半球形平面材料段构成,其各自形状适当制成为适应其特定的部位。虽然具有整体一致性,但这些段可根据本发明特定实施例中所需耐受的冲击程度而改变厚度或密度。根据一特定实施例中所需的刚度和耐冲击力或其它性能,它们可由多种塑料、玻璃纤维、合成树脂或金属制成或者可由这些材料的组合物制成。叠加或胶合到各段内表面上的是一层能量吸收材料或垫片,其方向是在完成的组件中,此垫片将靠近头盔内部和佩戴者的头部。虽然在此发明中垫片具有整体一致性,但该垫片还可以根据一特定实施例所需的能量吸收程度而改变厚度或密度。此垫片例如可由压扁的聚苯乙烯,多种合成膨胀泡沫、如聚氨基酯、聚丙烯或聚乙烯,多种合成或天然橡胶合成物或其它在特定实施例中具有所需特性的适当材料制成。
最好如图3和4所示,弹性片可由柔软而具弹性的纺织品或由具有与合成或天然橡胶类似的弹性或含有这些材料的材料制成的弹性片制成。在本发明的较佳实施例中,如图3和4清楚所示,这些弹性片固定连接到构件的内层上,以便这样一片将与相邻接构件的纵向边缘一致。各片是固定到基本上伸过其整个纵向处的这些构件的各外表面上的。弹性片从而可将内层构件限制到上述邻接结构,而使构件只作有限的柔软而具弹性的运动。弹性片还固定地将内层构件沿着这些构件的上横向边安装到头盔上的椭圆形冠状构件的耐冲击段周边的内表面上,如图3和4清楚所示。所以,冠状构件的耐冲击段伸过呈重叠结构的内层构件的上横向边,如图3和4清楚所示,而在那些部位提供结构上的对冲击的邻接抗力。
内层构件的形状和尺寸是这样的,它们以弧状的径向方式从冠状构件的纵向伸出,而构成头盔的底边。它们的尺寸和形状还可以是(从其横向来看)相互一致的,它们可沿冠状构件的整个周边以及横向沿头盔的整个圆周延伸。沿冠状构件的内层构件的这种结构从而可构成一邻接的内头盔体。
由与上述构成内层构件各段相同的材料制成的外层各段的形状和尺寸为:纵向地从冠状腔周边的封闭座上伸到头盔底边上,如图1和2清楚所示。其形状和尺寸可以是各自横向地伸出相邻内层构件的纵向邻接边并且重叠。各外层段的纵向中心面靠近相邻内层构件的纵向邻接边,所以在那些位置可以提供结构性邻接的耐冲击力。图3和4所示的弹性片将各外层段沿其中心纵向面安装到构件的内层上,所以不会影响或限制内层构件的有限柔软性和弹性运动。在本发明的一个较佳实施例中,外层段不是横向延伸的,这样其纵向边如图1和2所示地邻接。因此,内层构件的中心纵向面露在相邻的重叠外层段之间,这样区域的尺寸由所需的特定头盔确定。颏带26A和26B可以在传统的可脱卸五金件(未示)安装到其末端27A和27B之前,由机械或其它装置(未示)安装到外层段12和16上,如图1和2所示,从而将头盔固定地戴在佩戴者头上。
椭圆形冠状构件25的位置是这样的,即其较大的平面尺寸基本上与头盔弧矢平面(前-后)对齐。
所述实施例的头盔装配是这样的,即局部地将一粘性化合物施加到各弹性片的纵向边末端,并且将它们施加到内层构件上的其相应部位上,如图3和4所示,从而可固定地将邻接构件相互安装在一起。粘合剂施加到弹性片的上横向边上,并且冠状构件置于其对应位置上,而将其固定安装到头盔上,如图3和4所示。然后,粘合剂施加到各弹性片的中心纵向面上,如图3和4所示。各内层段然后施加到其对应位置上,如图1和2所示,从而固定地将它们安装到头盔上。
通过在一柔软而具弹性的组件中提供一系列整体且固定地安装的重叠段和构件,可显著地将体积减到最小,并且可以最大限度地适应佩戴者的头部形状和尺寸,从而完全避免现有技术的防护头盔所存在的问题。所以,头盔设计和制造领域中的普通技术人员可了解到本发明可完全到达其目的。
应当理解,上述的细节和技术并不能构成对本发明的限制,而仅是较佳实施例。不脱离权利要求书范围,还可以对部件、材料和形状进行变化。因此,本发明的范围应由所附权利要求书和其法定等同物来确定,而不能由所示实施例和对其所作的描述来确定。

Claims (8)

1.一种柔性防护头盔,包括由多个具有适当耐冲击力和能量吸收构件所组成的一内层构件,由多个较硬的具有耐冲击力并固定安装的各段所构成的外层段,将所述吸收构件固定安装到所述内层构件的邻接吸收构件上以及将所述各段安装到所述内层构件上的柔软且具弹性的弹性片,所述柔软且具弹性的弹性片由柔性且具弹性的织物或柔软且具弹性的片材制成,其中,所述各吸收构件的上横向边构成一冠状区,所述柔软且具弹性的弹性片通过一粘性化合物固定安装到所述构件和所述各段上,从而所述头盔可为佩戴者提供与采用刚性且基本上为整体的外壳的头盔等同的防护效果。
2.如权利要求1所述的头盔,其特征在于,所述内层构件构成所述头盔的底边,所述内层构件的各吸收构件从所述冠状区纵向地伸到所述头盔的所述底边,所述外层段的各段从所述冠状区纵向地伸向所述头盔的所述底边。
3.如权利要求1所述的头盔,其特征在于,所述外层段的各段的中心纵向面基本上与所述内层构件的纵向邻接段对齐并相邻,所述外层段的各段的纵向边伸出所述内层构件的吸收构件纵向边并重叠预定的尺寸。
4.如权利要求1所述的头盔,其特征在于,所述内层构件的各吸收构件的中心纵向面露出在所述外层段的各段的纵向边之间。
5.如权利要求1所述的头盔,其特征在于,还包括由所述柔性且具弹性的弹性片固定安装到所述头盔上的较硬耐冲击且吸收能量的冠状构件,并通过一粘性化合物将所述冠状构件安装到所述柔性且具弹性的弹性片上。
6.如权利要求5所述的头盔,其特征在于,所述冠状构件的周边伸出所述头盔所述内层构件的各吸收构件的上横向边并且重叠。
7.如权利要求5所述的头盔,其特征在于,所述冠状构件是椭圆环状的并且所述冠状构件的较大尺寸平面基本上与所述头盔弧矢纵向平面对齐。
8.如权利要求1所述的头盔,其特征在于,还包括可脱卸安装的可调节颏带,并通过机械装置将所述颏带安装到所述头盔上。
CN97197250A 1996-08-12 1997-08-11 柔性头盔 Expired - Fee Related CN1119089C (zh)

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US08/695,409 US5661854A (en) 1994-09-01 1996-08-12 Flexible helmet
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AT (1) ATE240058T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU716661B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9711055A (zh)
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ATE240058T1 (de) 2003-05-15
AU716661B2 (en) 2000-03-02
WO1998006285A1 (en) 1998-02-19
DE69722009T2 (de) 2004-08-19
AU4090197A (en) 1998-03-06
EP0921734A4 (en) 2000-01-05
DE69722009D1 (de) 2003-06-18
CN1227472A (zh) 1999-09-01
EP0921734B1 (en) 2003-05-14
CA2262706A1 (en) 1998-02-19
EP0921734A1 (en) 1999-06-16
JP2001504554A (ja) 2001-04-03
BR9711055A (pt) 2000-01-11
NZ334060A (en) 2000-09-29
US5661854A (en) 1997-09-02

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