CN111907344B - 电动车辆 - Google Patents

电动车辆 Download PDF

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CN111907344B
CN111907344B CN202010181718.0A CN202010181718A CN111907344B CN 111907344 B CN111907344 B CN 111907344B CN 202010181718 A CN202010181718 A CN 202010181718A CN 111907344 B CN111907344 B CN 111907344B
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electric vehicle
motor
electrical
vehicle
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CN111907344A (zh
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J·G·帕兹玛尼
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/02—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/147—Emission reduction of noise electro magnetic [EMI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电动车辆(10)，该电动车辆具有牵引电池(16)、电动的牵引马达(12)和马达功率电子器件(14)，该马达功率电子器件为该牵引马达(12)供应电能并且与该牵引电池(16)电连接，其中在该马达功率电子器件(14)与该牵引电池(16)之间布置有无线圈的、双线的功率纹波滤波器(20)，该功率纹波滤波器具有两个导线束(22，22')，这些导线束分别由导体芯(28)和导体绝缘体(24)构成，并且该导体绝缘体(24)分别具有至少1.0mm的厚度(D)并且分别通过电接地连接(31，32)与车辆接地(30)传导性地连接，其中在该导体绝缘体(24)与该车辆接地(30)之间的该接地连接(31，32)的欧姆电阻分别为最高10毫欧。

Description

电动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动车辆，该电动车辆具有牵引电池、电动的牵引马达和马达功率电子器件，该马达功率电子器件为牵引马达供应电能并且与牵引电池电连接。
背景技术
典型的电动车辆在US 2009 052 213 A1和US 2013 106 195 A1中公开。这些电动车辆分别具有马达功率电子器件，该马达功率电子器件不可避免地生成在10Hz至150kHz频率范围内的纹波，这些纹波可能造成电学的和声学的干扰。为了整平电纹波，在电子技术中通常使用感应线圈。这种感应线圈必须针对处于最高达250A-400A的电流的马达功率电子器件的纹波的电过滤进行设计，因此这样的感应线圈是大的、重的并且相对昂贵的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于，创造一种具有简单的功率纹波滤波器的电动车辆。
根据本发明，该目的通过具有接下来两个段落中描述的特征的电动车辆来实现。
根据本发明的电动车辆配备有牵引电池和电动的牵引马达，该电动的牵引马达由马达功率电子器件直接供电，该马达功率电子器件从牵引电池获得其电能。马达功率电子器件尤其承担换向功能，原因在于电动的牵引马达通常被设计为无刷的，并且例如通过脉冲宽度调制来控制电功率。通过换向和脉冲宽度调制，在马达功率电子器件的输入侧和输出侧生成10Hz至150kHz范围内的低频纹波并且其被发射到整个机动车辆电网中。
因此，在马达功率电子器件与牵引电池之间电气地布置有无线圈的功率纹波滤波器。纹波滤波器由两个导线束构成，这些导线束分别具有电导体芯和在周向完全环绕导体芯的导体绝缘体。导体绝缘体分别具有至少1.0mm的厚度。这两个导线束的两个导体绝缘体分别通过电接地连接与车辆接地导电地连接。该导体绝缘体与该车辆接地之间的这些接地连接的欧姆电阻分别为最高10毫欧。
因为电动车辆的马达功率电子器件以高于100V的高电压工作，因此在电导体芯和导体绝缘体上出现趋肤效应，该趋肤效应引起所谓的屏蔽衰减。通过将导体绝缘体非常低欧姆地电连接到车辆电接地，这种屏蔽衰减还再次显著地得到改善。试验已表明，以这种方式可以实现这样的功率纹波滤波器，通过该功率纹波滤波器，马达功率电子器件在10Hz至150kHz的低频范围内可以因此有效地被屏蔽并且被衰减，从而可以完全省去衰减线圈。
这两个导体芯可以顺利地设计为处于几百安培的电流并且以相对短的长度适应足够的过滤效果。优选地，这两个导体芯的长度为最大10cm。以这种方式实现紧凑的、轻的且可相对低成本地制造的功率纹波滤波器。
根据一个优选的设计方案，这些导体芯不包含铁氧体，从而使得在导体芯与导体绝缘体之间的磁性联接是最佳的。
优选地，该功率纹波滤波器不具有金属壳体。例如，可以完全省去功率纹波滤波器的自身的壳体。
原则上，功率纹波滤波器可以被集成到电动车辆的电子器件中，例如被集成到马达功率电子器件中。根据一个优选的设计方案，该功率纹波滤波器是可独立安装的并且模块化的构件，该构件具有电插头，这些电插头在装配时与在电动车辆内的对应的电插头被插接到一起或是插接在一起的。通过功率纹波滤波器的模块化可以实现电动车辆的电设备的模块化系统，由此降低电部件的变体多样性。此外，通过功率纹波滤波器的模块化简化了有缺陷的功率纹波滤波器的可更换性。
附图说明
以下借助于附图对本发明的实施例进行详细解释。在附图中：
图1示意性地示出电动车辆，该电动车辆具有牵引电池、电动的牵引马达、马达功率电子器件和功率纹波滤波器，以及
图2以详细的示意性图示示出图1的功率纹波滤波器。
具体实施方式
在图1中，示意性地展示了电动车辆10，该电动车辆具有电动的牵引马达12，该电动的牵引马达驱动电动车辆10的至少一个车轮。牵引马达12由马达功率电子器件14供电，该马达功率电子器件实现换向并且例如藉由脉冲宽度调制来调节电功率。马达功率电子器件14通过与车辆连接的电牵引电池16被供给电能。电动车辆10具有另外的电附属组件13，该电附属组件例如可以被设计为另一个电动马达并且同样由牵引电池16供给电能。
在牵引电池16与马达功率电子器件14之间电气地布置有功率纹波滤波器20，该功率纹波滤波器被设计为双线的并且无线圈的。
如在图2中示意性地展示的，功率纹波滤波器20大体上由两个导线束22、22'组成，在这些导线束的纵向末端分别设置有电插头121、122，藉由该电插头模块化的功率纹波滤波器20与电动车辆10的其余电部件电连接。
每个导线束22、22'由金属性的并且导电的导体材料制成的导体芯28组成。导体芯28的横截面面积由导体材料的特定的欧姆电阻和待传输的最大电流得出。导体芯28在横截面方面被设计为圆盘形的。
导体芯28通过导体绝缘体24电绝缘，该导体绝缘体具有至少1.0mm的壁厚度D。导体绝缘体24由套筒状或圆柱形的绝缘体主体26构成，该绝缘体主体是电绝缘的并且在其外层允许电趋肤效应。
两个导体绝缘体24分别藉由电接地连接31、32与车辆电接地30电连接，其中在导体绝缘体24与车辆接地30之间的接地连接31、32的电阻为最高10毫欧。
两个导体芯28或两个导线束22、22'的总长度L为10cm。

Claims (5)

1.一种电动车辆(10)，该电动车辆具有牵引电池(16)、电动的牵引马达(12)和马达功率电子器件(14)，该马达功率电子器件为该牵引马达(12)供应电能并且与该牵引电池(16)电连接，
其特征在于，
在该马达功率电子器件(14)与该牵引电池(16)之间布置有无线圈的、双线的功率纹波滤波器(20)，该功率纹波滤波器具有两个导线束(22，22')，这些导线束分别由导体芯(28)和导体绝缘体(24)构成，并且
该导体绝缘体(24)分别具有至少1.0mm的厚度(D)并且分别通过电接地连接(31，32)与车辆接地(30)传导性地连接，其中在该导体绝缘体(24)与该车辆接地(30)之间的该接地连接(31，32)的欧姆电阻分别为最高10毫欧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆(10)，其中这两个导体芯(28)的最大长度(L)为最大10cm。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电动车辆(10)，其中这两个导体芯(28)每个都不包含铁氧体。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电动车辆(10)，其中该功率纹波滤波器(20)不具有金属壳体。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电动车辆(10)，其中
该功率纹波滤波器(20)分别具有电插头(121，122)，这些电插头与对应的插头电连接。
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