CN111903502B - Breeding method of wheat hybrid by utilizing double hybrid vigor - Google Patents
Breeding method of wheat hybrid by utilizing double hybrid vigor Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-hybridA method for breeding wheat hybrid seeds with advantages belongs to the field of wheat breeding. The method obtains the blue dwarf-male-sterile Ms by autonomous breeding2The germplasm material with the characteristics having the complete inhibition function can ensure that blue grains on the blue dwarf-male-sterile plants are all fertile, and completely breaks through the current situation that the blue grains formed by the existing blue dwarf-male-sterile plants are not fertile; the germplasm is used as the middle bridge germplasm to realize the cytoplasm replacement of the blue dwarf male sterile line; and the blue dwarf-male-sterile with the cytoplasm replaced is utilized to obtain the wheat hybrid F with the two-hybrid vigor1The wheat hybrid F1It not only aggregates the heterosis of X and Y cell nucleuses, but also displays the heterosis between common wheat cell nucleuses and cytoplasm II, so it is called double heterosis. Compared with the existing wheat main cultivars, the yield of the two-hybrid dominant hybrid obtained by primary screening and breeding of the invention is increased by 17.62 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wheat breeding, in particular to a method for breeding a wheat hybrid by utilizing double-hybrid vigor.
Background
The blue dwarf male sterile line is a novel wheat dominant genic male sterile line, and the male sterile line is used as a translocation addition line monomer and comprises blue grains (4D/4E) and short stems (Rht)10) Anther abortion (Ms)2) Three dominant characters are linked and locked at 4D#The genetic behavior of the dominant genic male sterile line is in accordance with the genetic rule of the monomer on the monomer addition line of the chromosome, namely the blue dwarf male sterile line is a dominant genic male sterile line with blue grains, short stems and two dominant character markers. The sterile line is successively researched by Tianning, Pu zong monarch, Gunn people and other teams, so that a plurality of advantages of the sterile line in the aspect of wheat heterosis utilization are fully displayed, and hope is brought to the wheat heterosis utilization.
Sterile gene Ms for blue dwarf male sterile2The gene germplasm has the advantages of thorough anther abortion, large glume opening angle and the like. The blue dwarf male sterile development research time is relatively short, and people are always searching Ms since the blue dwarf male sterile development2The suppressor gene of (2) can realize cytoplasm replacement of dominant genic male sterile line, overcome many adverse effects caused by single cytoplasm, and create conditions for utilization of double heterosis (heterosis between different cytoplasm and nucleus, and between nucleus and nucleus), thereby providing possibility.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding a wheat hybrid by utilizing double hybrid vigor comprises the following steps:
a selective breeding pair blue dwarf-male-sterile Ms2Germplasm material with complete inhibition of character
A1) Selecting germplasm materials with high ratio of blue grain fertile plants formed by the test blue dwarf-male-sterile pollination in various wheat germplasm resources to obtain germplasm A, germplasm B, germplasm C and germplasm D;
A2) single crossing between germplasm A and germplasm B, single crossing between germplasm C and germplasm D, and then double crossing;
A3) continuously selfing the backcross progeny, firstly carrying out mixed selection and then carrying out systematic breeding to obtain a single plant which has a complete inhibition effect on the blue dwarf male sterile;
A4) retaining single plant progeny with complete inhibition effect on blue dwarf male sterile, and selecting for several successive generations to breed stable blue dwarf male sterile Ms2Germplasm with complete inhibition effect on trait expression;
b, performing cytoplasm replacement on the blue dwarf male sterile by using the germplasm bred in the step A
B1) B, pollinating and hybridizing the blue dwarf male sterile with cytoplasm I by using the germplasm bred in the step A, and selecting blue seeds with all fertile generations;
B2) the pollen of the blue-grain plant which becomes self-fertile is utilized, the wheat germplasm containing cytoplasm II is used as a female parent, the wheat germplasm containing the cytoplasm II is pollinated by an artificial emasculation method, the blue grains in the wheat germplasm are continuously sorted for planting, and the newly selected blue dwarf male-sterile germplasm in the progeny segregation population is the blue dwarf male-sterile germplasm containing the cytoplasm II;
c, breeding the two-hybrid-vigor wheat hybrid by using the blue dwarf male-sterile germplasm containing cytoplasm II
C1) Pollinating the blue dwarf male sterile germplasm containing the cytoplasm II by using a wheat variety X, and carrying out continuous backcross to breed the blue dwarf male sterile X containing the cytoplasm II;
C2) pollinating blue dwarf male sterile X containing cytoplasm II with wheat variety Y, and sorting white grains to obtain F1 generation hybrid with two-hybrid vigor.
Preferably, the germplasm materials obtained by screening in the step A1) are all parent materials containing exogenous blood sources.
Preferably, in the step A1), the germplasm A is Pricel 143, the germplasm B is Ningyuan 4094, the germplasm C is Tianchong 46 and the germplasm D is Xiaoyan 503.
Further, in step A4), pairs Ms are retained2The single plant progeny with complete inhibition effect on character expression is bred for several generations through continuous system breeding to obtain stable Ms for blue dwarf2Germplasm material Ms with complete inhibition effect on character expression2-R101。
Preferably, in step B1), the blue dwarf male-sterile with cytoplasm i is blue dwarf male-sterile black horse No. 1. Of course, any other stable transformation blue dwarf or abortive can be used.
Preferably, in step B2), the female parent is aegilops tauschii D2Chenchenge number 4 for the type cytoplasm. Other dwarf and abortive than the same thin type with the original blue can also be adoptedGermplasm of cytoplasm.
Preferably, the wheat variety X used in the step C1) and the wheat variety Y used in the step C2) are common wheat varieties.
Preferably, the wheat variety X used in the step C1) and the wheat variety Y used in the step C2) are wheat approved varieties or varieties obtained by systematic breeding of the approved varieties.
Step A breeding blue dwarf-male-sterile Ms2Germplasm material (Ms) with complete inhibition of characters2-R101) rendering blue dwarf-male-sterile single dominant genic male sterile gene Ms2The expression is inhibited, and the breeding can inhibit the blue dwarf-male-sterile monosominant genic male sterile gene Ms2The expressed wheat germ plasm resource is obtained by widely screening various germ plasms which are suspected to contain pairs of Ms2The character expression has inhibition or dominant non-allele, and the four germplasm resources are the germplasm resources containing partial exogenous blood source.
Then use Ms2the-R101 germplasm is blue dwarf male sterile pollinated hybrid with cytoplasm I (common wheat cytoplasm), blue dwarf male sterile seeds are about 72% white grains and about 28% blue grains, the blue grains are planted and sorted, the blue grains are all fertile, but the blue grains and the white grains are still remained in the same plants of the blue grain fertile plants, then the blue grains are sorted for planting, and the blue grain plant pollen is used for carrying out hybridization on the blue dwarf male sterile pollinated hybrid with cytoplasm II (exogenous cytoplasm, such as exogenous aegilops tauschii D)2Cytoplasm) of the common white-grain wheat, further planting the harvested hybrid seeds with the replaced cytoplasm, still forming blue and white grains by the same plant on the selfing progeny plant, only sorting and planting blue-grain seeds in each generation, and reselecting the blue-grain dwarf sterile plant in the separated progeny group, namely, the blue dwarf sterile plant with the replaced cytoplasm is replaced by cytoplasm I (common wheat) to cytoplasm II (exogenous cytoplasm). Simultaneous discovery of Ms2-R101 has double effect and can inhibit Ms simultaneously2And Rht10Trait expression of both genes, for Ms2Has complete inhibitory effect on Rht10Has partial inhibiting effect.
Continuously backcrossing blue dwarf male-sterile with ordinary wheat variety X to obtain blue dwarf male-sterile X with cytoplasm II, pollinating with ordinary wheat variety Y, and color selecting white grains to obtain wheat hybrid F with double hybrid vigor1The wheat hybrid F1Shows the heterosis of X and Y cell nucleuses and also shows the cell nucleus and cytoplasm II of common wheat (exogenous aegilops D)2Cytoplasm) of the host cell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method obtains the blue dwarf-male-sterile Ms by autonomous breeding2Germplasm material (Ms) with complete inhibition of characters2R101), the germplasm can ensure that blue grains formed on the blue dwarf-male-sterile plants can be all fertile, and completely breaks through the current situation that the blue grains formed by the existing blue dwarf-male-sterile plants cannot be fertile; the germplasm is used as the middle bridge germplasm to realize the cytoplasm replacement of the blue dwarf male sterile line; and the blue dwarf-male-sterile with the cytoplasm replaced is utilized to obtain the wheat hybrid F with the two-hybrid vigor1The wheat hybrid F1Not only the heterosis of X and Y cell nucleuses is polymerized, but also the heterosis between the cell nucleus of common wheat and cytoplasm II (exogenous cytoplasm) is included.
2. Compared with the existing main cultivars, the yield of the wheat hybrid with the double hybrid vigor obtained by preliminary combination screening is remarkably improved, the yield is increased by 17.62 percent, and the double hybrid vigor combination with greater yield increasing potential can be expected to be obtained by expanding the range of the transferred cultivars and widely combining and screening.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the following embodiments.
The breeding method of the wheat hybrid by utilizing the double hybrid vigor comprises the following steps:
one, the screening may contain the energy pairs Ms2Germplasm material with gene trait expression inhibiting effect (i.e. germplasm material capable of containing non-allelic inhibitor gene or dominant episome gene)
1. Widely collecting a large amount of various types of wheat germplasm resources, particularly focusing on collecting various types of wheat germplasm resources containing exogenous genetic materials (a heterotransposition line, a heterotopic line, an outer edge osmotic line and a heterotransition line);
2. constructing a hybridization identification nursery:
selecting any several (or one) stable blue dwarf-male-sterile backcross populations as test materials, respectively sowing collected wheat varieties beside the blue dwarf-male-sterile populations as male parents by using a proper blue dwarf-male-sterile population scale (usually two rows of seeding are reserved, a row of male parent seeding positions are reserved, and the walk positions between about 1 m and each isolation region are reserved), building the isolation regions by using bamboo supports, iron wires, plastic woven cloth and other materials before ear-picking, and building a blue dwarf-sterile isolation region for each material, thereby building the blue dwarf-sterile hybridization identification nursery. Naturally pollinating blue dwarf male sterile plants by a male parent in each isolation area, timely pulling out fertile plants (blue-cultivated plants) appearing in blue dwarf male sterile lines in the heading period, sorting blue grains from seeds (grains with blue and white colors of the same plant) on the blue dwarf male sterile plants according to grain colors, independently harvesting and threshing each isolation area, respectively sorting according to grain colors (counting the blue grain proportion), and respectively and independently bagging and numbering;
3. establishing a screening and identifying garden:
the method comprises the steps of uniformly and respectively numbering the sorted blue seeds after the blue dwarf-male-sterile pollination is fruited by each variety, respectively sowing the blue seeds in sequence in autumn, establishing respective isolation regions, generally sowing 2-3 rows of the sorted blue seeds, sowing 1 row of male parents (backcrossing with the same variety in the last year) beside the blue seeds, reserving walkways among the isolation regions, and arranging at least 3-5 backcrossing cells of the blue dwarf-male-sterile original variety in the whole screening and identifying nursery for comparison. Before heading, isolation areas are built by using materials such as bamboo supports, iron wires, plastic woven cloth and the like, pollination is carried out naturally, after the isolation areas are mature, the isolation areas are collected and placed separately, threshing is carried out separately, blue grains and white grains are sorted according to grain colors, and the ratio of each blue grain to the white grain is counted.
4. Analysis, evaluation and screening:
observing and recording the fertility and non-fertility of the blue seed plants sowed in each isolation area in the heading period of the populationThe number and percentage of the cultivated plants (or single ears) are compared with the control (blue dwarf male sterile original variety uniform backcross plot), male parent variety materials with high fertile (self-bred fructification) plant occupation ratio in the isolation area are screened, and the male parent variety materials are analyzed and screened out to possibly contain the inhibition Ms2Germplasm material for character expression or fertility restorer material with dominant superior relationship.
Step two, synchronous identification of hybrid polymerization suppressor gene (or dominant episome) for testing fertility restoration inhibition effect, and breeding blue dwarf male-sterile Ms2Germplasm material with complete inhibition of character
Selecting different varieties with high ratio of the screened fertile plants, and combining the varieties into a hybrid combination. Will consider possible to contain pairs Ms2The germplasm materials with the character expression inhibiting effect (or dominant epistatic effect) are combined pairwise. Artificial castration, artificial pollination, hybridization, re-hybridization, selfing of each successive generation, mixed selection to expand the basic population, and systematic breeding. From the selection of plants, all generations are used as a pollination male parent material of a selected blue dwarf-male sterile to carry out blue dwarf-male sterile pollination, all generations of materials used as the pollination male parents are still independently harvested and utilized, the subsequent breeding is continuously carried out according to a pedigree seed selection procedure, blue grains are sorted from the seeds resulting from blue dwarf-male sterile pollination, the quantity and the proportion of fertile and sterile plants are continuously planted, observed and recorded, compared with the selected blue dwarf-male sterile backcross control population, and finally, the germplasm material which can enable all the blue white grains of the seeds resulting from blue dwarf-male sterile are bred.
Thirdly, the cytoplasm replacement is carried out on the blue dwarf male sterile by using the germplasm material which is bred to ensure that the blue dwarf male sterile seeds can be all bred
The bred germplasm materials which enable all blue-white grains of seeds to be fertile are utilized to pollinate and hybridize the blue dwarf male sterile with cytoplasm I at present, and the sorted blue grains of seeds are all fertile in the next generation;
the pollen of the blue-grain plant which becomes self-fertile is utilized, the wheat germplasm containing cytoplasm II is used as a female parent, the wheat germplasm containing the cytoplasm II is pollinated by an artificial emasculation method, the blue grains in the wheat germplasm are continuously sorted for planting, and the newly selected blue dwarf male-sterile germplasm in the progeny segregation population is the blue dwarf male-sterile germplasm containing the cytoplasm II.
Fourthly, breeding the two-hybrid dominant wheat hybrid by utilizing the blue dwarf male sterile germplasm containing cytoplasm II
Pollinating the blue dwarf male sterile germplasm containing the cytoplasm II by using a wheat variety X, and carrying out continuous backcross to breed the blue dwarf male sterile X containing the cytoplasm II;
pollinating blue dwarf male sterile X containing cytoplasm II by using wheat variety Y, and sorting white grains to obtain F1 generation hybrid with two-hybrid vigor. .
In actual operation, a plurality of varieties of the common wheat variety X and the common wheat variety Y are selected and subjected to parallel tests to obtain the strong-superiority hybrid combination.
Example 1
The breeding method of the wheat hybrid by utilizing the double hybrid vigor comprises the following steps:
screening blue dwarf-male-sterile Ms2Germplasm material with inhibiting property
Screening according to the above may contain pairs of Ms2The process of the germplasm material with the inhibiting effect of gene character expression takes the Aimin blue dwarf-male-sterile 66 as the test cross blue dwarf-male-sterile, four germplasm materials with the highest ratio of blue fertile plants in blue dwarf-male-sterile pollination are screened from the test cross blue dwarf-male-sterile 66 by planting and screening various massive germplasm resources, and the germplasm materials are respectively germplasm A, germplasm B, germplasm C and germplasm D; the four germplasm materials obtained by screening are all discovered to be parent materials containing partial exogenous blood sources.
Screening out:
the germplasm A is Pubing 143, examined and determined variety in Shaanxi province;
germplasm B is clinical 4094, a selected breeding line of wheat in Shanxi province;
germplasm C is selected from 46 days, and examined and determined by Gansu province;
the germplasm D is Xiao elytrigia 503, examined and identified variety in Shaanxi province.
Second, the hybrid polymerization suppressor gene (or dominant episomal gene) is synchronously identified and tested for fertility restoration inhibition effect, and the breeding is carried out on blue dwarf-male-sterile Ms2Germplasm material Ms with complete inhibition of character2-R101
2.1, crossing germplasm A with germplasm B (A/B), crossing germplasm C with germplasm D (C/D), and then crossing again (A/B)// (C/D);
2.2, continuously selfing the progeny of the backcross, selecting only a few poor individuals in the first two generations according to a mixed seed selection program, mixedly harvesting and expanding the rest of individuals, expanding a seed selection basic population, selecting individuals from the selfing separation population from the third generation after the backcross according to a system seed selection program, independently planting the selected individuals from the selected individuals (and using the selected individuals as male parents), synchronously pollinating the Aimin blue dwarf male sterile 66, respectively establishing respective isolation regions, counting the proportion of the blue-grain fertile plants in the next generation, comparing the proportion with the proportion of the blue-fertile plants in the backcross population blue-fertile plants of the Aimin blue dwarf female 66, selecting and reserving the plants with the proportion of the fertile plants, and selecting the plants with high proportion of the Ms in the current generation of the selected plants through the next generation test2The method comprises the following steps of selecting a single plant with complete inhibition effect, performing subsequent breeding by adopting a systematic breeding method, only testing and selecting selfing progeny of the single plant, reserving single plant progeny with complete inhibition effect on blue dwarf male sterile fertility and excellent comprehensive characters, eliminating all other single plants, and breeding into a germplasm material Ms which is stable and has inhibition effect on blue dwarf male sterile fertility after continuous selection for 4 generations2-R101 and a plurality of sister materials.
Ms2-R101 germplasm, a hexaploid common wheat variety carrying partial exogenic chromosome fragments or genes, still having the AABBDD genome and having the following basic characteristics: the awn white glume grains are about 75 cm high, and can be used for blue dwarf male-sterile pollination, so that grains (white grains and blue grains) grown on the blue dwarf male-sterile plant can be all bred in the next generation.
Wherein the Liangxing 66 is approved by Shandong province;
the Aimin blue dwarf male-sterile 66 is winter blue dwarf male-sterile germplasm formed by self-transfer of Zibo Aimin breed limited company, and is formed by utilizing a good star 66 of a certified variety in Shandong province as a recurrent male parent, carrying out continuous backcross on blue dwarf male-sterile 97-866 (note: the fact that the applicant has a condition of obtaining the germplasm under a cooperative agreement with the national ministry of the national city of Yi nationality of Sichuan Liang mountain, the germplasm is called 'wheat dwarf male-sterile blue standard sterile line', published and published in various publications) and carrying out breeding transfer (obtaining compensation) in the process of genetic background winterization.
III, Ms2Cytoplasmic replacement of blue dwarf with-R101 (or sister lines thereof) germplasm material
By Ms2-R101 material is blue dwarf male sterile pollinated hybrid: 4 rows of blue dwarf-failure black horses are sown in autumn, each two rows are in one group, the row spacing of 2 rows in the group is 20 centimeters, 25 grains/meter are arranged in the group, the row length is 2 meters, and the two groups are arranged side by side at an interval of 40 centimeters (the position of a reserved partition wall). Sowing Ms on one side of blue dwarf male-sterile black horse No. 12-R101 as male parent, 50 grains/m. The other side still uses backcross male parent black horse No. 1 with blue dwarf male as a male parent (contrast), 50 grains/meter and small walkways are arranged around the male parent black horse. Before heading, bamboo-wood piles, iron wires and plastic woven cloth are used for building a partition wall to form two isolation areas. Timely pulling out fertile plants separated from the blue dwarf male sterile, and carrying out natural pollination or shifting wheat plants by using a small bamboo rod for artificial supplementary pollination. After the mature, the blue dwarf and the sterile are harvested in the two isolated districts, and the blue grains and the white grains are sorted according to the grain colors.
Observing and comparing the fertility changes of the two male parent groups to breed blue-grain plants: and (3) sorting blue grains and white grains of seeds from blue dwarf aborts harvested from two isolated cells, and sowing the seeds respectively, wherein one section is sown in each step. Last year Ms2R101 as male parent material, which is sorted by sowing 2 rows of blue grains, with a row spacing of 20 cm, a row length of 2 m, 20 grains/m, and sowing Ms on one side thereof2R101 is a backcross male parent, white grains which are sorted in 3 rows are arranged and sowed on the other side by side, the spacing between the white grains and blue grains is 40 cm (reserved as a building partition wall), and 1 meter of small walkways are reserved on the periphery. The forward direction is separated by 50 cm, and the contrast blue dwarf male-sterile black horse No. 1 and backcross male parent black horse No. 1 and the sorted white grains are sown according to the same field layout and method. Before heading, 4 isolation areas are built by building isolation walls with bamboo-wood piles, iron wires and plastic woven cloth. The obvious difference of the two treatments can be obviously seen from the period from the node extraction to the flag picking period: the basic characteristics of normal blue dwarf male sterility are still maintained in the first-stage contrast of pollination black horse No. 1 in the last year, all the white grain sorting isolation regions can be selfed and fructified, the blue dwarf male sterility in the blue grain sorting isolation regions is still dwarf and sterile, and the backcrossed male parent black horse No. 1 is used for natural pollination; ms for pollination in last year2All the white grains sorted by R101 can be selected fromThe hybrid seed is fruited, but the plant height is basically normal in the sorted blue granule isolation area, all the plants have anthers, and the hybrid seed can be normally selfed and fruited (which shows that the inhibition of MS is realized)2The existence of the gene expressed by the sterile character realizes fertility restoration and simultaneously shows that Rht is inhibited10Expression of characters), but the seeds still bear blue and white seeds from the same strain, and the blue seeds (code number DY 104) are sorted for standby.
Cytoplasm replacement: sowing artificial hybridization parent garden in autumn, planting D-containing aegilops tauschii210 rows of chenchenmai No. 4 as parent material, 25 cm row spacing, 2 m row length, 20 grains/m; 20 rows of the sorted blue granules DY104 are planted side by side, 10 rows are planted on each side of the blue granules DY104 as a spike pollinated variety, the row length is 2 m, the row spacing is 25 cm, and the number of the blue granules DY is 30 granules/m. 1 m field walkway is set up at both ends. In the early stage of ear pulling, the ears are selected from the number 4 of the chenchen wheat and manually castrated and sleeved with bags, the ears are manually castrated and sleeved with bags of 50 ears, the arranged varieties of blue kernel male parent DY104 are cut in the flowering period to select ears for pollination of the number 4 of the chen wheat which is manually castrated, and in order to improve the fructification and repeat pollination, harvesting is carried out in time in the maturation period, threshing and preserving are carried out, and autumn sowing is waited.
In autumn, about 600 hybrid seeds obtained by single-seed dibbling and artificial emasculation hybridization are sown, 20 hybrid seeds are sown in a 6-row district with the row length of 5 m, the hybrid seeds are harvested in the whole area of the maturation period, blue and white grains exist on the harvested wheat ears, the blue grains and the white grains are sorted according to the grain colors, and the blue grains are selected and remained for continuous planting.
In autumn, all blue grains sorted and retained are single-grain dibbled with 20 grains/meter, the row spacing is 30 cm large (convenient for observation and discovery of separated blue dwarf and abortive), and two rows of Weimai 8 (also any wheat variety can be sown at two sides of the cell for later use as discovered blue dwarf and abortive pollination). After wheat is pulled out of nodes and before scion, the found dwarf plants are marked (small branch insertion), the adjacent high-stem plants are pulled out, a growing space is reserved for the growth and fruiting of the dwarf plants, the separated blue dwarf-abortive whole plants are confirmed to be bagged, and the panicle is taken from Weimai No. 8 sowed in the flowering period for pollination and marked with a tag. Harvesting at maturity the separated blue dwarf-male-sterile, sorted blue grains (blue dwarf-male-sterile), which have been replaced by the sequence of the order of the Chinese Caterpillar fungus No. 42Blue dwarf of cytoplasmic typesIs named asD2Blue dwarf male sterile.
Wheat germplasm used in the cytoplasmic displacement step:
weimai No. 8, always simple and convenient to write as V8The variety is examined and determined in Shandong province;
the number of the Chinese patent No. 4 is the national examination variety;
no. 1 of the black horse is a certified variety of Shandong province;
blue dwarf male-sterile black horse No. 1 (germplasm published in Shandong agricultural science); the germplasm used in the method is Zibo lovemin germplasm Limited company, which utilizes the Black horse No. 1 as a recurrent male parent and continuously backcrosses blue dwarf-rancidity 97-866 (note: the germplasm is obtained conditionally by a cooperative agreement between the applicant and the agricultural departments of autonomous State West Chang of Yi nationality in Liangshan, Sichuan, is called a wheat dwarf-rancid blue standard sterile line and published and disclosed in various publications) and winter blue dwarf-rancidity germplasm (which can be obtained for compensation) bred in the winterization process of a genetic background.
Fourthly, utilizeD2Blue dwarf male sterile (containing exogenous aegilops D)2Cytoplasmic blue dwarf) breeding two-hybrid vigor wheat hybrid F1
1、D2Transformation of blue dwarf male sterile (black horse No. 1)
Seeding of the basic germplasm transformed into exogenous goat cytoplasmD2Blue dwarf and abortive, 2 rows of sowing, 2 meters of row length and 25 seeds/meter, sowing a variety of black horse No. 1 to be transferred on one side, leaving small walkways around, and building an isolation wall by using bamboo-wood piles, iron wires and plastic woven cloth before heading to construct an isolation area. Timely pulling out fertile plants separated from the blue dwarf male sterile, and carrying out natural pollination or shifting wheat plants by using a small bamboo rod for artificial supplementary pollination. Harvesting blue dwarf male sterile after maturity, sorting blue and white grains according to grain colors, and selecting and reserving the blue grains as autumn sowing blue dwarf male sterile.
The method is carried out every year, blue dwarf male sterile and backcross male parents are sowed in autumn, isolation areas are built, pollination is carried out naturally, blue grains are sorted after harvesting, and the planting is carried out continuously in autumn, and the year is changed. But the population scale of the male sterile line is increased with the generation scale, so that the male sterile line can be prepared for the seed quantity required by blue dwarf and male sterile in field seed production and can be bred into a stable female sterile line through multi-generation backcrossD2Blue dwarf male sterile (black horse No. 1).
The same method can transform a large number of common wheat varieties into the blue dwarf-male-sterile of the aegilops D2 cytoplasmD2Blue dwarf male sterile (X)n. The upper right label n represents the backcross times in the backcross process, the upper right label can be omitted when the stable blue dwarf male-female parent of more than 8 generations is transferred, namely the blue dwarf male-female parent without the upper right label represents that the stable blue dwarf male-female parent belongs to.
2. Preliminary screening of strong dominant hybrid combinations
Using blue dwarf-male-sterile transformed into exogenous cytoplasmD2Blue dwarf male sterile (Black horse No. 1), which is formed by combining various common wheat varieties (Y) into a hybrid combination, wherein the varieties (Y) are respectivelyD2Pollination of blue dwarf male sterile plant (black horse No. 1), sorting white grains on blue dwarf male sterile plant after harvesting to obtainD2Blue dwarf male sterile (Black horse No. 1)/(Y) F1Double-heterosis hybrid wheat. Comparing each F in the plot1The field performance and yield of the method are as follows:
2.1 seeding with a seed-sowing plate of 4 kg by using a three-legged building with a seed-sowing plate and a row spacing of 25 cmD2The blue dwarf male-sterile (black horse No. 1) line length is determined according to the number of male parents to be combined, the variety to be tested (Y) is sowed on two sides as the male parents, 10 varieties are selected as the male parents in the test, each variety is sowed for 1 meter, and a spacing zone of 0.5 meter is reserved between the two male parents. Two ends of the male parent are respectively reserved with a small walkway of 1 meter, and a position of 1 meter outside the male parent is reserved to build a separation wall and the small walkway. Before heading, pulling out fertile plants separated from blue dwarf male sterile lines, simultaneously building a separation wall outside the male parent by using bamboo wood supports and iron wire plastic woven cloth, separating the two varieties by using the plastic woven cloth to build an individual separation area, carrying out pollination by using small bamboo rods in the flowering period of the blue dwarf male sterile line and the male parent, harvesting blue dwarf male sterile lines of each pollination according to the separation area after maturation, and sorting white grains of the blue dwarf male sterile lines to obtain 10 parts of white grainsD2Blue dwarf male sterile (Black horse No. 1)/(Y) F1Double-heterosis hybrid wheat.
2.2 plant observations vs. yield
10 parts of adjacent parallel plantingD2Blue dwarf male sterile (Black horse No. 1)/(Y) F1The wheat hybrid seeds are sown in 4 rows with row spacing of 25 cmThe width of the cell is 1 meter, the row length is 6.67 meters, and each cell occupies 0.01 mu of land. The method is characterized in that Jimai 22 is used as a control variety, seeding is carried out in ten days of 10 months, the field is managed conventionally, the yield is actually increased and calculated in the whole region of the maturation period, 551.6 kg is reduced by comparison per mu, 524.5-678.8 kg is produced by 10 parts of hybrid seeds per mu, 586.8 kg/mu is averagely increased, the yield is increased by 6.38% by comparison with the average, the maximum yield increase and decrease range is reduced by-4.91% at the maximum, the maximum yield increase range is 23.1%, and the maximum yield increase combination is thatD2Blue dwarf male sterile (black horse No. 1)/(V)8）F1。
3. Hybrid seed production in field
Seeding by seed plough 6 rowsD2Blue dwarf-male-sterile (black horse No. 1), line spacing of 20 cm, line length of 20 m, seeding amount of 5 kg/mu, blue dwarf-male-sterile floor area of 24m2(0.036 mu) sowing 1 row of male parent wheat No. 8 (V) on each side8) Building a partition wall before heading, building an isolation area, pulling out fertile plants separated from the blue dwarf male sterile, naturally pollinating, or shifting the plants to artificially assist pollination by using a small bamboo rod, harvesting the blue dwarf male sterile plants to pollinate fruitful seeds, and performing color sorting to obtain white grainsD2Blue dwarf male sterile (black horse No. 1)/(V)8) The two-hybrid dominant hybrid F1Is a two-hybrid dominant hybrid F1Yield comparison experiments were performed for the best hybrid seeds.
4. Wheat two-hybrid vigor hybrid F1Using comparison of yields
Experimental arrangement of two-hybrid dominant hybridD2Blue dwarf male sterile (black horse No. 1)/(V)8）F12 varieties are used together with the control economic wheat 22, the area of a cell is 0.2 mu, and the two varieties are repeated. Final yield results: the average yield per mu of the economic wheat 22 is 554.66 kilograms,D2blue dwarf male sterile (black horse No. 1)/(V)8）F1The average yield per mu of the hybrid seeds is 652.42 kilograms, the average income per mu is increased by 97.76 kilograms compared with the average yield per mu of the control, and the yield is increased by 17.62 percent. This embodiment is as followsD2Under the condition that the blue dwarf male-sterile black horse No. 1 is not completely stable, the yield increasing potential of the wheat two-hybrid vigor is preliminarily shown, and the wheat two-hybrid vigor utilization is expected.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (5)
1. A method for breeding a wheat hybrid by utilizing double hybrid vigor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a selective breeding blue dwarf male sterile Ms2Germplasm material with complete inhibition of character
A1) Screening germplasm materials with high ratio of blue grain fertile plants resulting from the test blue dwarf male-sterile pollination in various wheat germplasm resources to obtain germplasm A, germplasm B, germplasm C and germplasm D;
A2) single crossing between germplasm A and germplasm B, single crossing between germplasm C and germplasm D, and then double crossing;
A3) continuously selfing the backcross progeny, firstly carrying out mixed selection and then carrying out systematic breeding to obtain a single plant which has a complete inhibition effect on the blue dwarf male sterile;
A4) retaining single plant progeny with complete inhibition effect on blue dwarf male sterile, and selecting for several successive generations to breed stable blue dwarf male sterile Ms2Germplasm with complete inhibition effect on trait expression;
b, performing cytoplasm replacement on the blue dwarf male sterile by using the germplasm bred in the step A
B1) B, pollinating and hybridizing the blue dwarf male sterile with cytoplasm I by using the germplasm bred in the step A, and selecting blue seeds with all fertile generations;
B2) the pollen of the blue-grain plant which becomes self-fertile is utilized, the wheat germplasm containing cytoplasm II is used as a female parent, the wheat germplasm containing the cytoplasm II is pollinated by an artificial emasculation method, the blue grains in the wheat germplasm are continuously sorted for planting, and the newly selected blue dwarf male-sterile germplasm in the progeny segregation population is the blue dwarf male-sterile germplasm containing the cytoplasm II;
c, breeding the two-hybrid-vigor wheat hybrid by using the blue dwarf male-sterile germplasm containing cytoplasm II
C1) Pollinating the blue dwarf male sterile germplasm containing the cytoplasm II by using a wheat variety X, and carrying out continuous backcross to breed the blue dwarf male sterile X containing the cytoplasm II;
C2) pollinating a blue dwarf male sterile X containing cytoplasm II by using a wheat variety Y, and sorting white grains of the blue dwarf male sterile X to obtain F1 generation hybrid seeds with the two-hybrid vigor;
in the step A1), the germplasm A is Pricel 143, the germplasm B is Ningyuan 4094, the germplasm C is Tianchong 46 and the germplasm D is Xiaoyan 503;
step B1), the blue dwarf-male-sterile with cytoplasm I is blue dwarf-male-sterile black horse No. 1;
in the step B2), the female parent is aegilops D2Chenchenge number 4 for the type cytoplasm.
2. A method for breeding a hybrid wheat variety utilizing two-hybrid vigor according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the germplasm materials obtained by screening in the step A1) are all parent materials containing exogenous blood sources.
3. A method for selectively breeding a hybrid wheat variety for use in two-hybrid vigor according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: in step A4), the pairs Ms are retained2The single plant progeny with complete inhibition effect on character expression is bred for several generations through continuous system breeding to obtain stable Ms for blue dwarf2Germplasm material Ms with complete inhibition effect on character expression2-R101。
4. A method for selectively breeding a hybrid wheat variety for use in two-hybrid vigor according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the wheat variety X used in the step C1) and the wheat variety Y used in the step C2) are common wheat varieties.
5. A method for breeding a hybrid wheat variety utilizing two-hybrid vigor according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the wheat variety X used in the step C1) and the wheat variety Y used in the step C2) are examined wheat varieties or varieties obtained by systematic breeding of the examined wheat varieties.
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