CN111900438A - Fuel cell system and method for solving low-temperature starting capability of fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and method for solving low-temperature starting capability of fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111900438A CN111900438A CN201910372846.0A CN201910372846A CN111900438A CN 111900438 A CN111900438 A CN 111900438A CN 201910372846 A CN201910372846 A CN 201910372846A CN 111900438 A CN111900438 A CN 111900438A
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- pipeline
- fuel cell
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- vacuum
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell system and a method for solving the problem of low-temperature starting capability of the fuel cell system, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells. The fuel cell system consists of a fuel cell stack, an oxygen pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline, a vacuum pipeline, an electric control valve and a vacuum control valve. When the fuel cell system stops working, the hydrogen and oxygen inlet and outlet pipelines of the fuel cell system are shut off through the electric control valve, so that the cell stack forms a closed system, then the vacuum control valve is opened, certain vacuum is formed inside the fuel cell stack through vacuumizing, moisture remained in the cell stack is gasified, the moisture is taken out of the cell, and then the vacuum control valve is shut off, so that the phenomenon that the freezing of the residual moisture influences the next starting of the cell stack at the subzero temperature is avoided. The fuel cell can be started at low temperature, so that the problem that the fuel cell cannot be started normally due to the fact that the reaction point and a diffusion channel are blocked due to icing of residual moisture at low temperature is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell system and a method for solving the problem of low-temperature starting capability of the fuel cell system, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells.
Background
The lithium ion power battery is popularized and applied in the pure electric vehicle as an energy storage device, but the pure electric vehicle is only suitable for personal short-distance transportation travel due to long charging time and short driving range, and the ultimate solution of the future new energy vehicle may focus on a hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system.
With the development of new energy technology and material technology, the bottleneck technology of preparing, storing and transporting hydrogen is solved; the preparation technology of the catalyst is improved, the application carrying capacity of the noble metal catalyst is greatly reduced, and the cost of the fuel cell is greatly reduced; in addition, the fuel cell automobile is taken as the strategic direction of the key development of China in China, and the development situation of the fuel cell is rapidly appeared.
The fuel cell system mainly comprises a fuel cell stack, a cooling system, a fuel supply system, an oxygen supply system and the like, and the core of the fuel cell system is the fuel cell stack. During operation, the fuel cell needs water to wet the proton exchange membrane to improve the proton transmission capability of the membrane and simultaneously generate water. The water molecules are generated in the catalytic layer and are discharged out of the battery through the hydrophobic pores of the diffusion layer and the hydrophobic channels formed by the hydrophobic pores. When the fuel cell stops operating, part of water still remains in the pore-shaped channels of the catalyst layer and the diffusion layer, and the cold start is difficult when the room temperature is lower than zero and the temperature is lower than zero 30 in the northeast of China.
Disclosure of Invention
The problem that the fuel cell cannot be normally started due to the fact that a reaction point and a diffusion channel are blocked due to icing of residual moisture at low temperature in the prior art is solved. The invention aims to provide a proton exchange membrane fuel cell which is not influenced by the influences of the icing of water to block an electrode hole to reach a reaction position and the diffusion of water generated by oxidation reduction to influence the starting of the fuel cell when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is started under the zero temperature in winter. The principle of the method is that the water is gasified at low temperature under vacuum so as to produce water vapor, the water vapor is pumped out of the cell stack through negative pressure and is ready for starting the fuel cell in the next day, and the fuel cell can be quickly started below-30 ℃ after the water vapor is processed.
The invention provides a fuel cell system which comprises a fuel cell stack, an oxygen pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline and a vacuum pipeline, wherein the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline are respectively provided with an electric control valve capable of shutting off the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline, the vacuum pipeline is respectively connected with the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline, and the vacuum pipeline is provided with a vacuum control valve capable of vacuumizing to enable the interior of the fuel cell stack to form certain vacuum.
Further, in the above-mentioned fuel cell system, the oxygen pipeline includes oxygen inlet line and oxygen outlet line, the oxygen inlet line with the oxygen outlet line respectively with the fuel cell stack links to each other, the oxygen inlet line with set up an electric control valve on the oxygen outlet line respectively, the hydrogen pipeline includes the hydrogen inlet line with the hydrogen outlet line, the hydrogen inlet line with the hydrogen outlet line links to each other with the fuel cell stack respectively, the hydrogen inlet line with set up an electric control valve on the hydrogen outlet line respectively.
In addition, in the above fuel cell system, the two vacuum control valves are provided at a portion connected to the oxygen gas intake pipe and a portion connected to the hydrogen gas intake pipe, respectively.
The invention also provides a method for solving the low-temperature starting capability of the fuel cell system, wherein electric control valves are arranged on an oxygen pipeline and a hydrogen pipeline which are connected with a fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system, a vacuum pipeline is arranged and is respectively connected with the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline, a vacuum control valve is arranged on the vacuum pipeline, when the fuel cell system stops working, the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline of the fuel cell system are shut off through the electric control valves, so that the fuel cell stack forms a closed system, then the vacuum control valves are opened, and the fuel cell stack is vacuumized to form a certain vacuum inside the fuel cell stack to gasify the moisture remained in the fuel cell stack. .
Further, in the method for solving the problem of low-temperature starting capability of the fuel cell system, when the temperature corresponding to the vacuum degree value of a certain vacuum formed in the fuel cell stack reaches 70-80 ℃ of the evaporation of water, the water remained in the fuel cell stack is gasified, the water is taken out of the cell, and then the vacuum control valve is turned off.
Further, in the method for solving the problem of the low-temperature starting capability of the fuel cell system, the number of the electric control valves is 4, and the 4 electric control valves are respectively arranged on an oxygen inlet pipeline and an oxygen outlet pipeline of an oxygen pipeline and a hydrogen inlet pipeline and a hydrogen outlet pipeline of a hydrogen pipeline. The two vacuum control valves are respectively arranged on the part connected with the oxygen gas inlet pipeline and the part connected with the hydrogen gas inlet pipeline.
The system and the method of the invention have the following advantages and effects: the system and the method are simple and effective, and through a plurality of tests, the system and the method of the invention can quickly start the fuel cell below-30, thereby well solving the problem that the fuel cell can not be started normally because the fuel cell is frozen due to the residual moisture at low temperature, and blocks a reaction point and a diffusion channel in the prior art.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of one approach to addressing the low temperature start-up capability of a fuel cell in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of one approach to addressing the low temperature start-up capability of a fuel cell in accordance with the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a fuel cell stack, 2 is an electric control valve, and 3 is a vacuum control valve.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system of the present invention mainly comprises a fuel cell stack 1, an oxygen pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline, a vacuum pipeline Z and its oxygen pipeline, an electric control valve 2 on the hydrogen pipeline, and a vacuum control valve 3 on the vacuum pipeline Z. The oxygen pipeline comprises an oxygen inlet pipeline Y1 and an oxygen outlet pipeline Y2, the oxygen inlet pipeline Y1 and the oxygen outlet pipeline Y2 are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack 1, the oxygen inlet pipeline Y1 and the oxygen outlet pipeline Y2 are respectively provided with an electric control valve 2, the hydrogen pipeline comprises a hydrogen inlet pipeline Q1 and a hydrogen outlet pipeline Q2, the hydrogen inlet pipeline Q1 and the hydrogen outlet pipeline Q2 are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack 1, the hydrogen inlet pipeline Q1 and the hydrogen outlet pipeline Q2 are respectively provided with an electric control valve 2, the vacuum pipeline Z comprises two parts, one part is connected with the oxygen inlet pipeline Y1, the other part is connected with the hydrogen inlet pipeline Q1, the vacuum pipeline Z is provided with a vacuum control valve 3, as shown in figure 1, the vacuum control valves 3 are two, may be provided at a portion connected to the oxygen gas inlet line Y1 and a portion connected to the hydrogen gas inlet line Q1, respectively. The working principle is as follows: the temperature of the fuel cell during operation is generally above 70 degrees, and the water produced during normal operation is carried out to the external environment by oxygen. In low temperature outdoor, the water remaining in the fuel cell stack after the fuel cell stops operating freezes, which affects the start-up of the fuel cell. According to the invention, the evaporation temperature of the water under vacuum is lower than the temperature under normal pressure. When the temperature of the fuel cell system stops working is 70-80 ℃, if the temperature is 20 ℃ below zero or even lower in cold winter, the hydrogen and oxygen gas inlet and outlet pipelines of the fuel cell system are shut off through 4 electric control valves 2, so that the cell stack forms a closed system, then a vacuum control valve 3 is opened and vacuumized, so that certain vacuum is formed inside the fuel cell stack 1, when the temperature corresponding to the vacuum degree reaches 70-80 ℃ of water evaporation, the water remained in the cell stack 1 is gasified, the water is taken out of the cell, and then the vacuum control valve 3 is shut off, so that the phenomenon that the freezing of the residual water affects the next starting of the cell stack at the temperature below zero is avoided. Thus, the fuel cell can be started at a low temperature.
After a plurality of experiments, the inventor finds that the fuel cell can be started smoothly at the outdoor temperature of minus 20 ℃ or even lower by adopting the method of the invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The fuel cell system is characterized by comprising a fuel cell stack, an oxygen pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline and a vacuum pipeline, wherein the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline are respectively provided with an electric control valve which can be turned off, the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline are respectively connected with each other, the vacuum pipeline is respectively connected with the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline, and the vacuum pipeline is provided with a vacuum control valve which can be vacuumized to ensure that certain vacuum is formed inside the fuel cell stack.
2. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the oxygen gas pipeline comprises an oxygen gas inlet pipeline and an oxygen gas outlet pipeline, the oxygen gas inlet pipeline and the oxygen gas outlet pipeline are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, an electric control valve is respectively arranged on the oxygen gas inlet pipeline and the oxygen gas outlet pipeline, the hydrogen gas pipeline comprises the hydrogen gas inlet pipeline and the hydrogen gas outlet pipeline, the hydrogen gas inlet pipeline and the hydrogen gas outlet pipeline are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, and an electric control valve is respectively arranged on the hydrogen gas inlet pipeline and the hydrogen gas outlet pipeline.
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vacuum control valves are two, provided at a portion connected to the oxygen gas inlet pipe and a portion connected to the hydrogen gas inlet pipe, respectively.
4. A method for solving low-temperature starting capability of a fuel cell system is characterized in that electric control valves are arranged on an oxygen pipeline and a hydrogen pipeline which are connected with a fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system, a vacuum pipeline is arranged and is respectively connected with the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline, a vacuum control valve is arranged on the vacuum pipeline, when the fuel cell system stops working, the oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline of the fuel cell system are shut off through the electric control valves, so that the fuel cell stack forms a closed system, then the vacuum control valves are opened, and vacuum pumping is carried out, so that certain vacuum is formed in the fuel cell stack, and moisture remained in the fuel cell stack is gasified.
5. The method for solving the problem of low-temperature starting capability of the fuel cell system as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the temperature corresponding to the vacuum degree value of the vacuum formed inside the fuel cell stack reaches 70-80 ℃ of the evaporation of water, the water remained in the fuel cell stack is gasified, the water is taken out of the cell, and then the vacuum control valve is closed.
6. The method for solving the problem of low-temperature startup capability of the fuel cell system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the number of the electric control valves is 4, and the 4 electric control valves are respectively arranged on an oxygen inlet pipeline and an oxygen outlet pipeline of an oxygen pipeline and the hydrogen inlet pipeline and the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen pipeline.
7. The method for resolving the cold start-up capability of a fuel cell system as set forth in claim 6, wherein said vacuum control valves are provided in two, respectively, at a portion connected to said oxygen gas inlet pipe and a portion connected to said hydrogen gas inlet pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910372846.0A CN111900438A (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Fuel cell system and method for solving low-temperature starting capability of fuel cell system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910372846.0A CN111900438A (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Fuel cell system and method for solving low-temperature starting capability of fuel cell system |
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| CN111900438A true CN111900438A (en) | 2020-11-06 |
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| CN201910372846.0A Pending CN111900438A (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Fuel cell system and method for solving low-temperature starting capability of fuel cell system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115000465A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-09-02 | 上海轩玳科技有限公司 | Low-temperature starting method for fuel cell |
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