Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen supply system and a fuel cell system, which do not need to introduce a heating device driven by electric energy and consume extra electric energy, and avoid the pump head of a hydrogen circulating pump from being frozen in the cold starting process of a fuel cell by introducing the heat of a PTC heating element of the fuel cell, thereby realizing the heating effect on the pump head.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen supply system, including: the hydrogen circulating pump, the drainage device and the at least two connecting pipelines;
the drainage device is provided with a first cooling liquid interface and a second cooling liquid interface;
the drainage device is also provided with a middle through hole, the drainage device is sleeved on a hydrogen pump joint of the hydrogen circulating pump through the middle through hole, and the drainage device is tightly contacted with the hydrogen pump joint through the middle through hole;
a circulating flow channel is arranged in the drainage device, one end of the circulating flow channel is connected with the first cooling liquid interface, and the other end of the circulating flow channel is connected with the second cooling liquid interface;
the first cooling liquid interface is connected with one end of a PTC heating element of the fuel cell through the corresponding connecting pipeline, and the second cooling liquid interface is connected with the other end of the PTC heating element through the corresponding connecting pipeline.
As one preferable scheme, the hydrogen circulating pump and the drainage device are of an integrated forming structure.
Preferably, the material of the drainage device has a high thermal conductivity.
Preferably, the circulation flow channel surrounds the central through hole in the drainage device.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system, including a stack, a PTC heating element, a water pump, a water tank, and the above-mentioned fuel cell hydrogen supply system, wherein a hydrogen pump connector of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system is connected to the stack, and a coolant outlet of the stack is connected to the water tank through the water pump; the PTC heating body is connected in series in a cooling liquid loop of the galvanic pile.
Preferably, the fuel cell system further comprises a plurality of electronic control valves, and the electronic control valves are arranged in a cooling liquid loop of the electric pile.
As a preferable scheme, the electric control valve is an electric control two-way valve or an electric control three-way valve.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that the heat generated in the fuel cell is utilized, the drainage device with a specific structure is arranged on the hydrogen pump connector of the hydrogen circulating pump and is connected with the PTC heating element in parallel to form a loop, the heat of the PTC heating element in the cooling liquid loop of the fuel cell is guided to the pump head of the hydrogen pump, the cooling liquid heated by the PTC heating element circulates in the drainage device, and the drainage device is heated in a fluid and solid heat conduction mode, so that the heating of the pump head is realized, and the phenomenon that the pump head of the hydrogen circulating pump is frozen in the cold starting process of the fuel cell is avoided. The whole hydrogen system and the fuel cell system are simple and reasonable in structure, an electric energy-driven heating device is not required to be introduced, extra electric energy is not required to be consumed, the pump head icing phenomenon of the hydrogen circulating pump in the cold starting process of the fuel cell is avoided by introducing the heat of the PTC heating body of the fuel cell, and the heating effect on the pump head is realized.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first," "second," "third," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention, as those skilled in the art will recognize the specific meaning of the terms used in the present application in a particular context.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and in particular, refer to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, where fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system in one embodiment, fig. 2 is a side view of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system in one embodiment, and fig. 3 is a top view of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, which includes a hydrogen circulation pump 1, a flow guiding device 2 and at least two connecting pipes (not shown).
A first cooling liquid interface 21 and a second cooling liquid interface 22 are arranged on the drainage device 2;
the drainage device 2 is also provided with a middle through hole 23, the drainage device 2 is sleeved on the hydrogen pump joint 11 of the hydrogen circulating pump 1 through the middle through hole 23, and the drainage device 2 is tightly contacted with the hydrogen pump joint 11 through the middle through hole 23; a circulation flow channel 24 (not shown in fig. 1) is formed in the drainage device 2, one end of the circulation flow channel 24 is connected with the first cooling liquid interface 21, and the other end of the circulation flow channel 24 is connected with the second cooling liquid interface 22; the first coolant port 21 is connected to one end (not shown in fig. 1) of the PTC heating element 3 of the fuel cell through the corresponding connecting line, and the second coolant port 22 is connected to the other end of the PTC heating element 3 through the corresponding connecting line.
It should be noted that, when the fuel cell system is in operation, water is generated at both the anode side and the cathode side of the fuel cell system, most of the water is discharged out of the stack, and water vapor formed by a small amount of water is collected in the bipolar plate air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel, when the fuel cell is in an environment of 0 ℃ for a long time, the water vapor inside the stack freezes the exchange membrane, which causes the flow channels to be blocked, and further causes the performance of the stack to be reduced, therefore, the existing fuel cell system connects a PTC heating element (preferably a PTC heating tube) in series in the cooling liquid loop, heats the cooling liquid and starts the water pump, and operates for a period until the ice in the stack is removed.
In order to solve the problem of icing inside the pump head, the additionally arranged electric energy driven heating device has a plurality of disadvantages, and the introduction of the device can improve the short circuit risk of each electric element in the fuel cell and bring about the hidden danger of electrical fire; secondly, the device needs to consume extra external electric energy, so that the available capacity of the storage battery of the fuel cell vehicle is reduced. The inventor is through experimental analysis many times, the discovery can utilize the heat in the inside coolant liquid return circuit of fuel cell, introduce hydrogen pump head department with it and heat, it is parallelly connected with drainage device soon to be PTC heat-generating body, the one end of the parallelly connected branch road of formation and the entry linkage of the coolant liquid of pile, the other end and the water pump of parallelly connected branch road are connected, not only need not add electric energy drive arrangement, the short circuit risk has been reduced, need not to consume external electric energy, and whole simple structure is reasonable, can realize the heating effect of preferred, the pump head of fuel cell at cold start-up in-process hydrogen circulating pump phenomenon of freezing has been avoided.
As one preferable scheme, the hydrogen circulation pump 1 and the drainage device 2 are of an integral molding structure. According to the scheme, the hydrogen pump head is heated in a heat conduction mode, so that the structure of the integrated forming type can reduce heat loss, the heating effect on the hydrogen pump head is improved, and of course, the split structure with the hydrogen circulating pump and the drainage device independently designed can be selected for use, so that the fuel cell is convenient to disassemble and maintain.
Preferably, in the above embodiment, the material of the flow guiding device 2 has a high thermal conductivity, so as to improve the heating effect, and aluminum, copper, or other materials with ultrahigh thermal conductivity can be selected according to the cost requirement of the actual fuel cell.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, please refer to fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 7, wherein fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the drainage device in one embodiment, fig. 5 is a side view of the drainage device in one embodiment, fig. 6 is a top view of the drainage device in one embodiment, fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the drainage device in one embodiment, and as shown in fig. 7, the circulation flow channel 24 surrounds the central through hole 23 in the drainage device 2. Set up the circulation flow path into the mode around the middle part through-hole to can make the coolant liquid after being heated when flowing in the circulation flow path, lead to the hydrogen pump head department that is being established by the middle part through-hole cover uniformly with the heat, realize the heating effect to the hydrogen pump head through the heat-conduction mode of mutual contact, effectively avoided fuel cell to freeze the phenomenon at the pump head of cold start-up in-process hydrogen circulating pump.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system, comprising a stack 6, a PTC heating element 3, a water pump 4, a water tank 5 and the above-mentioned fuel cell hydrogen supply system, wherein a hydrogen pump connector 11 of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system is connected with the stack 6, and a coolant outlet of the stack 6 is connected with the water tank 5 through the water pump 4; the PTC heating body 3 is connected in series in a cooling liquid loop of the galvanic pile 6 and is connected with the drainage device 2.
In addition, the hydrogen supply system provided by the embodiment of the invention has a wide application range, and as a preferable scheme, the fuel cell system further comprises a plurality of electric control valves, and the electric control valves are arranged in a cooling liquid loop of the electric pile. Specifically, referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell of a two-way valve in one embodiment, where a coolant circuit of a fuel cell system adopts a design of 2 electrically controlled two-way valves, namely an electrically controlled two-way valve M and an electrically controlled two-way valve N, before the system starts power generation, when the temperature of the coolant is lower than 0 ℃, the electrically controlled two-way valve N is turned on, the electrically controlled two-way valve M is turned off, the PTC heating element 3 starts to heat the coolant, the water pump 4 is operated, after heating for a period of time, the drainage device 2 is heated by the coolant, the pump head is heated by a heat conduction manner, ice inside the pump head is removed, and the system starts power. When the system normally operates, the two-way valve N is closed, the two-way valve M is opened, and the system dissipates heat through an external auxiliary radiator.
Specifically, referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell with three-way valves in one embodiment, a coolant circuit of a fuel cell system adopts 1 electrically controlled three-way valve design, specifically, an electrically controlled three-way valve H having three interfaces a1, a2 and a3, when the temperature of coolant is lower than 0 ℃ before the system starts power generation, a1 and a3 of the electrically controlled three-way valve H are opened, a2 is closed, the PTC heating element 3 starts to heat the coolant and the water pump 4 is operated, after heating for a period of time, the drainage device 2 is heated by the coolant, the pump head is heated by heat conduction, ice inside the pump head is removed, and the system starts power generation. When the system operates normally, the a1 of the electric control three-way valve H is closed, and the a2 and the a3 start the system to dissipate heat through an external auxiliary radiator.
According to the fuel cell hydrogen supply system and the fuel cell system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the heat generated in the fuel cell is utilized, the flow guiding device with a specific structure is arranged on the hydrogen pump connector of the hydrogen circulating pump and is connected with the PTC heating element in parallel to form a loop, the heat of the PTC heating element in the fuel cell cooling liquid loop is guided to the pump head of the hydrogen pump, the cooling liquid heated by the PTC heating element circulates in the flow guiding device, and the flow guiding device is heated in a fluid and solid heat conduction mode, so that the heating of the pump head is realized, and the phenomenon that the pump head of the hydrogen circulating pump is frozen in the cold starting process of the fuel cell is avoided. The whole hydrogen system and the fuel cell system are simple and reasonable in structure, an electric energy-driven heating device is not required to be introduced, extra electric energy is not required to be consumed, the pump head icing phenomenon of the hydrogen circulating pump in the cold starting process of the fuel cell is avoided by introducing the heat of the PTC heating body of the fuel cell, and the heating effect on the pump head is realized.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.