CN111896717B - Soil seepage-settlement testing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil seepage-settlement testing method, which aims to supplement and solve the problem of deficiency in the existing soil seepage-settlement research. The testing method comprises the steps of S1, test soil treatment, S2, test equipment treatment, S3, test soil filling, S4, test data recording and S5, test data treatment, and the seepage-sedimentation relationship of a soil body is researched. The invention can measure the settlement amount of the soil body at any moment and the water content and the density of the soil body at the corresponding moment, and is convenient for researching the relationship between the seepage and settlement amounts of the soil body under the conditions of different initial water contents; the method effectively supplements the defects in the existing soil seepage-sedimentation research, provides a theoretical basis for further researching the internal mechanism of the soil seepage-sedimentation and site construction, provides guarantee for safe production of site safety construction, and has great application prospect and social value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil body seepage settlement, and particularly relates to a soil body seepage-settlement testing method.
Background
In general, soil is a three-phase system composed of solid (soil particles, etc.), liquid (water) and gas, and the volume of the soil body is reduced under the action of external pressure, and such a characteristic is called compressibility of the soil. The compressibility of soil is generally divided into that solid particles of soil are compressed, water and gas in soil are compressed, and water and gas are discharged from gaps to compress soil body. Tests have shown that the compression of solid particles and water is very small and negligible. Therefore, the compression of the soil body is mainly that water and air in pores are discharged, soil particles are relatively displaced, rearranged and compacted to cause the compression deformation of the soil body, the process is the drainage consolidation process of the soil body, and the soil body is settled in the drainage consolidation process, so the phenomenon is also called seepage-settlement of the soil body.
The process of foundation pit precipitation is the process of gradually dissipating the pore water pressure of the soil layer within the influence range of the underground water level and the precipitation. According to the effective stress principle, under the condition that the total stress is not changed, the dissipated pore water pressure is converted into effective stress increment, so that the original stress balance in the soil layer is broken, the soil particles are rearranged and compacted, and new ground settlement is caused. Because the characteristic of foundation ditch precipitation, a wide mouth well is similar around the foundation ditch, and the water level line such as groundwater in the process of drawing water forms the descending funnel around the foundation ditch, easily causes the ground building to form inhomogeneous settlement, causes the damage of ground building. In addition, similar phenomena exist in tunnel construction, and the seepage-sedimentation of soil bodies easily causes the settlement and even collapse of tunnels.
Therefore, how to provide a research and test method for soil seepage-settlement, which is more convenient and accurate to measure the soil seepage-settlement data, is a problem that needs to be solved by technical personnel in the field. However, due to the complexity of geotechnical engineering, the theoretical research on the settlement of engineering caused by seepage is not very deep at present, and particularly, the experimental research on the soil body seepage settlement is very rare. Aiming at the problem of the soil body sedimentation amount under the seepage effect in engineering, in order to further understand the relationship between the soil body seepage sedimentation and prevent accidents caused by overlarge soil body sedimentation amount, the research on the soil body seepage sedimentation is necessary and important on the basis of the existing research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a soil seepage-settlement testing method, which aims to supplement and solve the problem of deficiency in the existing soil seepage-settlement research.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a soil seepage-settlement testing method comprises the following steps:
s1, treating soil for test: collecting and sealing test soil, measuring the initial water content of the test soil, adding water into the test soil according to the initial water content and sealing soil stuffiness, controlling the soil stuffiness time for 20-30 hours, continuously measuring the water content after soil stuffiness, repeating the steps, and finally controlling the water content of the test soil to be 23% -37%;
s2, test equipment treatment: preparing a plurality of organic glass tubes with open tops, and then dividing the organic glass tubes into a group A and a group B, wherein the group A is numbered A1 and A2.. An; group B number B1, B2.. Bn; uniformly coating vaseline on the inner wall of the organic glass tube, arranging a filter at the bottom of the tube, and weighing the weight of each organic glass tube;
s3, filling soil for the test: filling the test soil into each organic glass tube, and controlling the filling amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube to be equal in height; measuring and recording the weight of the organic glass tube filled with soil, then vertically fixing the organic glass tube, and starting to record test data;
s4, recording test data: recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 5-10 minutes after the filling is finished, and recording 3-5 groups of test data; recording the settlement amount of the group A, simultaneously randomly drawing one organic glass tube in the group B, taking out the test soil in the organic glass tube, and measuring the water content of the test soil at the moment;
recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 10-15 minutes, recording 2-5 groups of test data, and measuring the water content in the organic glass tube in the group B according to the steps;
recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 25-35 minutes, recording 3-5 groups of test data, and measuring the water content in the organic glass tube in the group B according to the steps;
recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 0.8-1.2 hours, recording 2-3 groups of test data, and measuring the water content in the organic glass tube in the group B according to the steps;
recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 2.5-3.5 hours, recording 2-3 groups of test data, and measuring the water content in the organic glass tube in the group B according to the steps;
recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 9-10 hours, recording 2-3 groups of test data, and measuring the water content in the organic glass tube in the group B according to the steps;
s5, test data processing: recording data of the settlement amount of the soil body at different times through the step S4, and drawing a relation curve between the time and the settlement amount according to the recorded data; recording the moisture content variation of the soil body at different time through the step 4, and drawing a relation curve between the moisture content variation and the sedimentation amount according to the recorded data;
substituting the experimental data of the water content change and the sedimentation amount into a theoretical sedimentation amount analytic formula to verify the accuracy of the experimental data, wherein the theoretical sedimentation amount analytic formula is as follows:
delta S-vertical settlement of the soil body;
h-sample soil height;
w 1-initial moisture content of the soil mass;
Δw-change in moisture content, i.e. initial moisture contentw 1And measuring the water content in stagesw 2A difference of (d);
ρ1-initial density of the soil mass;
ρ2-staged density measurements.
Further, in step S4, the method for measuring the water content in the group B of organic glass tubes is as follows:
pouring out test soil in the organic glass tube, taking soil samples in the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the organic glass tube by using a spoon, and selecting 20-30 g of each layer of soil sample; mixing soil samples, putting the soil samples into a weighing box, and covering a cover for weighing; cleaning and drying each weighing box during the use period, ensuring that the weight is not changed in the test, and numbering each weighing box uniformly; placing the soil sample after the weighing record and the weighing box into an electric oven, baking for 10-14 hours, re-weighing the sample, and calculating the water content according to the following formula:
w-moisture content (%) of the soil mass;
m-wet soil mass (g);
ms-dry soil mass (g).
Further, in the step S1, the test soil is equally divided into three parts, and when the soil is cloggy, the water content of the three parts of test soil is respectively adjusted to 23% -27%, 28% -32%, 33% -37%; correspondingly, in step S2, the organic glass tubes were also divided into 3 groups, each of which was further divided into a group a and a group B, and test data of three types of test soil having different water contents were measured.
Further, the filter is cylindrical and is sleeved at the bottom of the organic glass pipe, and the filter comprises a geotechnical cloth layer, a sandstone layer and a geotechnical cloth layer from inside to outside.
Further, the external diameter of the organic glass tube is 80mm, the wall thickness is 2mm, and the length is 1000 mm.
Furthermore, be equipped with the scale mark on the organic glass pipe, and 0 degree line is located the top.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can measure the settlement amount of the soil body at any moment and the water content and the density of the soil body at the corresponding moment, and is convenient for researching the relationship between the seepage and settlement amounts of the soil body under the conditions of different initial water contents;
2. by the method, a seepage settlement theoretical formula of different soil bodies can be obtained, and a theoretical basis is provided for researching seepage-settlement relations of different soil bodies with different water contents;
3. the method effectively supplements the defects in the existing soil seepage-sedimentation research, provides a theoretical basis for further researching the internal mechanism of the soil seepage-sedimentation and site construction, provides guarantee for safe production of site safety construction, and has very great application prospect and social value;
4. compared with other nondestructive testing equipment, the device has the advantages of high testing precision, small error and stable and reliable measurement value, and provides accurate and reliable test data for researching the land seepage-settlement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an experiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, the tests of which are based on: standard for geotechnical test methods (GBT 50123-2019); road soil test regulation (JTG E40-2007).
A soil seepage-settlement test method is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1, treating soil for test: collecting soil for test, loading into a sealed box, and sealing for storage. Equally dividing the soil for the test into 3 parts in a test room, selecting part of the soil for the test, measuring initial water content by adopting a drying method, adding water into the soil for the test according to the initial water content, sealing the soil, controlling the soil-sealing time for 20-30 hours, continuously measuring the water content after the soil-sealing, repeating the steps, and finally controlling the water content of the soil for the three groups of the test to be 23-27%, 28-32% and 33-37% respectively; the three data are most representative and represent the percolation sedimentation change of loess with water content of 25%, 30% and 35%, respectively.
S2, test equipment treatment: preparing 54 upper and lower both ends and being open organic glass pipe, organic glass pipe external diameter is 80mm, and the wall thickness is 2mm, and length is 1000mm, still is equipped with the scale mark on the outer wall, and wherein 0 degree line is located the top of organic glass pipe. A cylindrical filter is arranged at the bottom of the organic glass tube, and the filter comprises a geotechnical cloth layer, a sandstone layer and a geotechnical cloth layer from inside to outside;
then, the organic glass tubes were divided into 3 groups, each group having 18 organic glass tubes, and each group was divided into A, B subgroups. Group A is numbered A1, A2, A3; group B numbers B1, B2, B3.. B15; uniformly coating vaseline on the inner wall of the organic glass tube, wherein the thickness of the vaseline is not more than 0.2mm, and weighing and recording the weight of each organic glass tube;
s3, filling soil for the test: and (3) simultaneously and quickly filling the test soil into a corresponding large group of organic glass tubes, and controlling the filling amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube to be equal in height, wherein the height is 980-990 mm. Then measuring and recording the weight of the organic glass tubes filled with soil, vertically installing the organic glass tubes on a support in groups, and starting to record test data;
it should be noted that, the soil loading processes of each large group must be performed synchronously, and the soil loading time is shortened as much as possible, so as to avoid that the moisture content of the soil for test is changed due to long-time exposure in the air, which affects the accuracy of the test data. In order to prevent the Vaseline coating on the pipe wall from being damaged by the soil for the test during soil loading, a funnel or a paper tube is used for assisting in soil loading, and the funnel or the paper tube is stretched into the organic glass pipe for soil loading.
S4, recording test data: recording the settlement amount of the test soil in the group A of 3 organic glass tubes every 10 minutes after the filling is finished, randomly drawing one organic glass tube in the group B while recording the settlement amount of the group A, taking out the test soil in the organic glass tube, measuring the water content of the test soil at the moment, and recording 3 groups of test data according to the method;
recording the settlement amount of the test soil in the group A of 3 organic glass tubes every 15 minutes, measuring the water content in the group B of organic glass tubes according to the steps, and recording 2 groups of test data;
recording the settlement amount of the test soil in the group A of 3 organic glass tubes every 30 minutes, measuring the water content in the group B of organic glass tubes according to the steps, and recording 4 groups of test data;
recording the settlement amount of the test soil in the group A of 3 organic glass tubes at intervals of 1 hour, measuring the water content in the group B of organic glass tubes according to the steps, and recording 2 groups of test data;
recording the settlement amount of the test soil in the group A of 3 organic glass tubes every 3 hours, measuring the water content in the group B of organic glass tubes according to the steps, and recording 2 groups of test data;
and recording the settlement amount of the test soil in the group A of 3 organic glass tubes every 10 hours, measuring the water content in the group B of organic glass tubes according to the steps, and recording 2 groups of test data.
S5, test data processing: recording data of the settlement amount of the soil body at different times through the step S4, and drawing a relation curve between the time and the settlement amount according to the recorded data; recording the moisture content variation of the soil body at different time through the step 4, and drawing a relation curve between the moisture content variation and the sedimentation amount according to the recorded data;
substituting the experimental data of the water content change and the sedimentation amount into a theoretical sedimentation amount analytic formula to verify the accuracy of the experimental data, wherein the theoretical sedimentation amount analytic formula is as follows:
delta S-vertical settlement of the soil body;
h-sample soil height;
w 1-initial moisture content of the soil mass;
Δw-change in moisture content, i.e. initial moisture contentw 1And measuring the water content in stagesw 2A difference of (d);
ρ1-initial density of the soil mass;
ρ2-staged density measurements.
1. In step S4, the method for measuring the water content in the group B of organic glass tubes is as follows:
pouring out test soil in the organic glass tube, digging soil samples in the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the organic glass tube by using a spoon, and selecting 20-30 g of each layer of soil sample; mixing and loading the soil sample into a weighing box, and then covering a cover for weighing; cleaning and drying each weighing box during the use period, ensuring that the weight cannot be changed in the test, and numbering each weighing box uniformly; placing the soil sample after the weighing record and the weighing box into an electric oven, baking for 12 hours, re-weighing the sample, and calculating the water content according to the following formula:
w-moisture content (%) of the soil mass;
m-wet soil mass (g);
ms-dry soil mass (g).
2. The method for measuring the density of the soil body comprises the following steps:
and calculating the density of the sample by using the measured mass and volume. Because the moisture content of the soil body is higher in the test, if the ring cutter method is selected to measure the density, the operation is difficult and the error is larger. Therefore, the test selects a direct weighing mass method, and the density can be obtained by simple calculation, so that the test result is more accurate. The specific method comprises the following steps: before the organic glass tube is filled with soil, the inner wall is coated with a thin layer of vaseline, and the filter is weighed to obtain the mass m1. The total mass of the organic glass tube is weighed to be m after filling soil2The initial density rho of the soil body in each settling pipe can be obtained through a density formula1. Similarly, each time node can weigh m in turn2The soil mass of the time node can be obtained corresponding to each stage, the corresponding soil volume can be obtained according to the settlement amount of each time node, and the density rho of the soil at the moment can be easily obtained.
The formula for calculating the density is:
m1-the mass (g) of the unstuffed soil sample settling flask;
m2-total mass of soil sample and settling flask (g);
v-volume of soil body in each stage (cm)3）。
It should be noted that the above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A soil seepage-settlement test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, treating soil for test: collecting and sealing test soil, measuring the initial water content of the test soil, adding water into the test soil according to the initial water content and sealing soil stuffiness, controlling the soil stuffiness time for 20-30 hours, continuously measuring the water content after soil stuffiness, repeating the steps, and finally controlling the water content of the test soil to be 23% -37%;
s2, test equipment treatment: preparing a plurality of organic glass tubes with open tops, and then dividing the organic glass tubes into a group A and a group B, wherein the group A is numbered A1 and A2.. An; group B number B1, B2.. Bn; uniformly coating vaseline on the inner wall of the organic glass tube, arranging a filter at the bottom of the tube, and weighing the weight of each organic glass tube;
s3, filling soil for the test: filling the test soil into each organic glass tube, and controlling the filling amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube to be equal in height; measuring and recording the weight of the organic glass tube filled with soil, then vertically fixing the organic glass tube, and starting to record test data;
s4, recording test data: recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 5-10 minutes after the filling is finished, and recording 3-5 groups of test data; recording the settlement amount of the group A, simultaneously randomly drawing one organic glass tube in the group B, taking out the test soil in the organic glass tube, and measuring the water content of the test soil at the moment;
after the data recording at intervals of 5-10 minutes is finished, recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 10-15 minutes, recording 2-5 groups of test data, and measuring the settlement amount of the group A and the water content of the organic glass tube in the group B at the same time;
after data recording every 10-15 minutes is finished, recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A every 25-35 minutes, recording 3-5 groups of test data, and measuring the settlement amount of the group A and the water content of the organic glass tube in the group B at the same time;
after the data recording at intervals of 25-35 minutes is finished, recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 0.8-1.2 hours, recording 2-3 groups of test data, and measuring the settlement amount of the group A and the water content of the organic glass tube in the group B at the same time;
after the data recording at intervals of 0.8-1.2 hours is finished, recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 2.5-3.5 hours, recording the test data in the group 2-3, and measuring the water content in the organic glass tube in the group B while measuring the settlement amount in the group A;
after the data recording at intervals of 2.5-3.5 hours is finished, recording the settlement amount of the test soil in each organic glass tube in the group A once every 9-10 hours, recording the test data in the group 2-3, and measuring the water content in the organic glass tube in the group B while measuring the settlement amount in the group A;
s5, test data processing: recording data of the settlement amount of the soil body at different times through the step S4, and drawing a relation curve between the time and the settlement amount according to the recorded data; recording the moisture content variation of the soil body at different time through the step 4, and drawing a relation curve between the moisture content variation and the sedimentation amount according to the recorded data;
substituting the experimental data of the water content change and the sedimentation amount into a theoretical sedimentation amount analytic formula to verify the accuracy of the experimental data, wherein the theoretical sedimentation amount analytic formula is as follows:
2. The soil mass seepage-sedimentation test method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the method for measuring the water content in the group B organic glass tubes is as follows:
pouring out test soil in the organic glass tube, taking soil samples in the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the organic glass tube by using a spoon, and selecting 20-30 g of each layer of soil sample; mixing soil samples, putting the soil samples into a weighing box, and covering a cover for weighing; cleaning and drying each weighing box during the use period, ensuring that the weight is not changed in the test, and numbering each weighing box uniformly; placing the soil sample after the weighing record and the weighing box into an electric oven, baking for 10-14 hours, re-weighing the sample, and calculating the water content according to the following formula:
3. The soil seepage-settlement test method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the test soil is divided into three parts, and the water content of the three parts of test soil is adjusted to 23% -27%, 28% -32%, 33% -37% respectively when the soil is cloggy; correspondingly, in step S2, the organic glass tubes were also divided into 3 groups, each of which was further divided into a group a and a group B, and test data of three types of test soil having different water contents were measured.
4. The soil body seepage-settlement test method according to claim 1, wherein the filter is cylindrical and is sleeved at the bottom of the organic glass tube, and the filter comprises a geotextile layer, a sandstone layer and a geotextile layer from inside to outside.
5. The soil body seepage-sedimentation test method according to claim 1, wherein the organic glass tube has an outer diameter of 80mm, a wall thickness of 2mm and a length of 1000 mm.
6. The soil mass seepage-settlement test method of claim 5, wherein the organic glass tube is provided with a scale mark, and the 0 degree line is positioned at the top.
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