CN111896366A - Method for simulating multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring - Google Patents
Method for simulating multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring Download PDFInfo
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- CN111896366A CN111896366A CN202010836340.3A CN202010836340A CN111896366A CN 111896366 A CN111896366 A CN 111896366A CN 202010836340 A CN202010836340 A CN 202010836340A CN 111896366 A CN111896366 A CN 111896366A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 54
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000005561 Musa balbisiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for simulating multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy. The hydraulic model adopted by the method comprises a water tank, a multi-structure soil body placing device, a water tank sinking structure, a shooting device and a flow velocity measuring device, the multi-structure soil body placing device is utilized, the multi-structure soil body is very easy to prepare, meanwhile, a soil sample is convenient to place or replace, before a test, the mold is easy to disassemble, the multi-structure soil body can be quickly placed at a test position in the water tank, and the operation is convenient and the use is convenient. Moreover, the shooting device and the measuring device ensure timely acquisition and integrity of test data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for simulating multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring by utilizing a hydraulic model, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy.
Background
The alluvial river bed (river bank) mostly has a typical layered structure, and not only has a daub layer formed by extremely fine sand, but also has a soft layer formed by coarse sand, and soft interlayers such as coarse sand and fine sand are often distributed on the upper and lower peripheries of the daub layer. Due to the fact that the layered structure causes different impact resistance of different parts of a riverbed, phenomena such as deformed river posture, beach collapse and the like occur frequently, the river posture is unstable, flood control of a downstream river channel is threatened, and a series of problems are caused.
For the river banks with less clay layers, the granular tissues of the soil body are looser, and the impact resistance is weak. For the river bank composed of medium-density and slightly-density fine sand or silty loam, the anti-impact capability is very weak, and the collapsed soil is easily decomposed into particles to be taken away by water flow; under the conditions of strong water flow scouring capability and extremely weak soil impact resistance, if the impact resistance of the river bank is relatively uniform along the way, the river bank can basically retreat in parallel at a large collapse speed, and the bank line is in a continuous zigzag shape or a banana shape; if the river bank impact resistance is not uniform along the way, the river bank can basically retreat in parallel at a larger collapse speed at a place with weaker impact resistance and more uniform river bank composition; on the river bank with the clay layer, due to the fact that the clay layer is strong in impact resistance, water flow can continuously wash soft sand soil layers on the lower portion of the clay layer, a water bank line can possibly form a pear shape or a pocket shape, and soil bodies of different river bed structures have large influence on river behavior evolution. Therefore, the resistance effect of the river bank with the multi-element structure consisting of different substances on water flow impact is obviously different.
Because the morphological response of the multi-structure river bank soil body to the water flow erosion resistance cannot be effectively monitored in the natural river, the basic theory research can be developed only by means of a model test. In the past, the research on the impact resistance of the river bank soil body is carried out on a single-structure soil body (only aiming at viscous silt or non-viscous silt), and meanwhile, the research does not well combine the characteristics of the river bank soil body and the water-sand motion characteristics together, so that the completeness of the interaction between water flow and the river bank is cut to a certain degree.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for simulating the multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring, which fully considers the interaction between water flow and river bank soil bodies, clearly records the scouring process and the form evolution process of the multi-structure river bank soil bodies in a multi-azimuth mode, and provides decision basis and technical support for river channel treatment. The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a method for simulating the waterflow scouring of multi-structure river bank resistance comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring hydraulic model:
the hydraulic model comprises a water tank, a multi-structure soil body placing device, a water tank sinking structure, a shooting device and a flow velocity measuring device, wherein the shooting device comprises a side camera arranged on one side of the water tank and an upper camera arranged above the water tank, and the multi-structure soil body placing device is arranged in the water tank sinking structure;
the multi-element structure soil body placing device comprises a sand layer mold and a mixed layer mold; the sand soil layer mold is formed by combining wood plates into five surfaces, the top of the sand soil layer mold is open, the length of the bottom surface wood plate is 50cm, the width of the bottom surface wood plate is 30cm, and the length of the four surface wood plates is 30cm and the width of the four surface wood plates is 10 cm; every two adjacent surfaces are respectively connected by two hinges, and two sides of the upper part are respectively clamped by a wood clamping strip; a layer of wood bottom plate is laid at the bottom of the sand layer mold, the size of the wood bottom plate is the same as that of the bottom of the sand layer mold, and the wood bottom plate can be placed into the sand layer mold just; two holes are drilled on two sides of the wood bottom plate respectively, and an iron wire is threaded on each side;
the mixed layer die comprises four surfaces consisting of wood boards, the upper surface and the lower surface of the mixed layer die are open, the length of the front surface and the rear surface is 20cm, the width of the front surface and the rear surface is 10cm, the length of the wood boards on the left surface and the right surface is 10cm, and the width of the wood boards is 10 cm; every two adjacent surfaces are respectively connected by a hinge, and the upper side and the lower side of the die are respectively clamped by a wood clamping strip;
the sink sinking structure is arranged in the middle of the sink and used for placing a multi-element structure soil body;
the flow velocity measuring device comprises ADV three-dimensional flow velocity meters arranged at each measuring section;
step two, manufacturing a soil body sample with a multi-element structure:
firstly, assembling a sand soil layer mold, then flatly paving a wood bottom plate at the bottom of the inner side of the sand soil layer mold, straightening iron wires at two sides, sticking wood boards 1 at two sides, putting the wood boards on the side walls, putting sand into the sand soil, tamping the sand soil, and then respectively clamping the wood bottom plate above the sand soil layer mold by using wood clamping strips;
then placing the mixed layer mold in a sandy soil layer mold filled with a sandy soil sample, sequentially placing sandy soil and clay in the mixed layer mold, wherein the thickness of the soil sample is determined according to test requirements, when the prepared multi-element structure soil body meets the requirements of a scouring test, disassembling the wood clamping strips and the hinges, removing wood boards around the soil sample, and only remaining the wood bottom plate to support the prepared multi-element structure soil body; placing the prepared multi-element structure soil body in a sink sinking structure;
step three, draining water in the water tank, and recording the test process:
the method comprises the steps of debugging a side camera, an upper camera and an ADV three-dimensional current meter, opening water flow, setting the flow, starting timing after the water flow is stable, and opening the side camera and the upper camera to shoot simultaneously.
The invention has the following remarkable effects and advantages:
(1) simple structure and convenient operation
The multi-element structure soil body prepared by the method takes a binary structure soil body as an example, the upper part is a mixed layer mold, and the lower part is a sandy soil layer mold. The mixed layer mould can place a multi-layer structure soil body according to test simulation requirements. Utilize the device, prepare the multi-element structure soil body very easily, conveniently place or change soil sample simultaneously, before experimental, the mould is easy to be dismantled, can place the multi-element structure soil body in the basin test position fast, convenient operation, it is convenient to use.
(2) Test measurement system is complete
In the whole test device arranged in the method, the cameras are erected on one side and right above the soil body, and in the test process, the morphological change of soil layers with different structures, which is caused by water flow resistance under the action of the same water flow, can be clearly shot; the cameras on the side surfaces can clearly record suspended states of sand layers gradually appearing due to water flow scouring at different moments, the camera on the top can clearly record cracks and collapse of the upper clay layer due to loss of support and resistance to water flow when the lower sand layer is elutriated to a certain width, and record surface forms finally formed due to water flow scouring of soil bodies with different structures in the whole test process; a current meter is erected on the measuring section, and the change condition of the current velocity of the water flow around the soil body can be measured at different moments; both the shooting device and the measuring device ensure timely acquisition and integrity of test data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an expanded plan view of a sand bed mold employed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a sand bed mold used in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an internal soil supporting device of a sand layer mold adopted by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a hybrid layer mold used in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the multi-element soil placement device (no wood board is laid at the bottom) used in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the multi-element structure soil body placement device (with a wood board laid at the bottom) adopted by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of a sink structure used in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the overall arrangement of a hydraulic model used in the present invention;
wherein, 1 is the plank, 2 is the hinge, 3 is wooden card strip, 4 is wooden bottom plate, 5 is the hole, 6 is the iron wire, 7 is sand bed mould, 8 is the mixed layer mould, 9 is the basin structure of sinking, 10 is the basin, 11 is the side camera, 12 is the top camera, 13 is the three-dimensional current meter of ADV, 14 is the sand bed, 15 is the clay layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-8.
A method for simulating the waterfall scouring of the multi-structure river bank resistance comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring hydraulic model:
the hydraulic model comprises a water tank 10, a multi-structure soil body placing device (shown in figures 1-6), a water tank sinking structure 9 (figure 7), a shooting device and a flow velocity measuring device 13, wherein the shooting device comprises a side camera 11 arranged on one side of the water tank and an upper camera 12 arranged above the water tank, and the multi-structure soil body placing device is arranged in the water tank sinking structure 9;
the multi-element structure soil body placement device (shown in figures 1-6) comprises a sand soil layer mold 7 and a mixed layer mold 8. The sand layer mould 7 is formed by combining the wood boards 1 into five surfaces, the top of the mould is open, the length of the wood board on the bottom surface is 50cm, the width of the wood board on the four surfaces is 30cm, and the width of the wood board on the four surfaces is 10 cm; every two adjacent surfaces are respectively connected with five wood boards 1 at the bottom and around by two hinges 2, and in order to enable the die to be more fastened, two sides of the upper part are respectively clamped by wood clamping strips 3. A layer of wood bottom plate 4 is laid at the bottom of the sand bed mould 7, the size of the wood bottom plate is the same as that of the bottom of the sand bed mould 7, and the wood bottom plate can be just placed into the sand bed mould 7; two holes 5 are drilled on two sides of the wood bottom plate 4 respectively, and an iron wire 6 is threaded on each side, as shown in fig. 3. Assembling a sand layer mold 7, flatly paving a wood bottom plate 4 at the bottom of the inner side of the sand layer mold 7, straightening iron wires 6 at two sides, laying the wood plate 1 at two sides, putting a prepared sand sample, tamping, and respectively clamping the sand layer mold with wood clamping strips 3, wherein the wood clamping strips are arranged at the left side and the right side;
the mixed layer die 8 is composed of four surfaces of wood boards 1, the upper part and the lower part are open, the length of the front surface and the rear surface is 20cm, the width of the front surface and the rear surface is 10cm, the length of the wood boards on the left surface and the right surface is 10cm, and the width of the wood boards is 10 cm; every two adjacent surfaces are respectively connected by a hinge 2, the upper side and the lower side of the die are respectively clamped by a wood clamping strip 3, and the die is fixed and is more fastened, as shown in fig. 4 specifically;
the sink sinking structure 9 (figure 7) is arranged in the middle of the sink 10, is suitable for just putting down a sand soil layer and is used for placing a layered soil body;
the shooting device comprises a side camera 11 and an upper camera 12 which are respectively erected on one side of a water tank and right above a layered soil body, the positions of the side camera and the upper camera are suitable for just shooting the part for simulating the washing of the layered soil body, and the images in a lens are clear and have proper sizes;
the flow velocity measuring device is characterized in that measuring sections are respectively arranged at proper positions in the front and back of a multi-element structure soil body in the water tank 10 and in the middle of the soil body, an ADV three-dimensional flow velocity meter 13 is erected at each measuring section, and the change conditions of the peripheral water flow structures of the multi-element structure soil body at different moments are respectively measured;
step two, manufacturing a soil body sample with a multi-element structure:
when a multi-element structure soil body is prepared, sand soil layer molds 7 are all used for placing sand soil samples, and a mixed layer mold 8 can be used for placing a plurality of layers of soil samples with different structures according to test requirements;
firstly, assembling a sand soil layer mould 7, flatly paving a wood bottom plate 4 at the bottom of the inner side of the sand soil layer mould 7, straightening iron wires 6 at two sides, sticking the side walls of wood plates 1 at two sides, putting sand soil in the wood plates, tamping the wood plates, and respectively clamping the wood plates above the sand soil layer mould by using wood clamping strips 3, wherein the wood clamping strips are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side;
and then placing the mixed layer mold 8 in a sandy soil layer mold 7 filled with sandy soil samples, sequentially placing sandy soil, clay and other soil samples in the mixed layer mold 8, determining the thickness of the soil samples according to test requirements, and finishing the preparation of the multi-element structure soil bodies 14 and 15. When the prepared multi-element structure soil body meets the requirements of a scouring test, disassembling the wood clamping strips 3 on the die, disassembling the hinges 2, removing the wood boards 1 at the periphery of the soil sample, and only remaining the wood bottom plates 4 to support the prepared multi-element structure soil bodies 14 and 15; placing the prepared multi-element structure soil bodies 14 and 15 in the sink sinking structure 9;
step three, draining the water tank 10, and recording the test process:
the side camera 11, the upper camera 12 and the ADV three-dimensional current meter are debugged, water flow is started, the flow is set, after the water flow is stabilized, timing is started, and the erected side camera 11 and the erected upper camera 12 are started to shoot simultaneously.
Claims (1)
1. A method for simulating the multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, setting a multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring hydraulic model:
the hydraulic model comprises a water tank 10, a multi-structure soil body placing device, a water tank sinking structure 9, a shooting device and a flow velocity measuring device 13, wherein the shooting device comprises a side camera 11 arranged on one side of the water tank and an upper camera 12 arranged above the water tank, and the multi-structure soil body placing device is arranged in the water tank sinking structure 9;
the multi-element structure soil body placement device comprises a sand layer mold 7 and a mixed layer mold 8; the sand layer mould 7 is formed by combining the wood boards 1 into five surfaces, the top of the mould is open, the length of the wood board on the bottom surface is 50cm, the width of the wood board on the four surfaces is 30cm, and the width of the wood board on the four surfaces is 10 cm; every two adjacent surfaces are respectively connected by two hinges 2, and two sides of the upper part are respectively clamped by a wood clamping strip 3; a layer of wood bottom plate 4 is laid at the bottom of the sand layer mould 7, the size of the wood bottom plate 4 is the same as that of the bottom of the sand layer mould 7, and the wood bottom plate 4 can be just placed into the sand layer mould 7; two holes 5 are drilled in two sides of a wood bottom plate 4 respectively, and an iron wire 6 is threaded through each side;
the mixed layer die 8 is composed of four surfaces of wood boards 1, the upper part and the lower part are open, the length of the front surface and the rear surface is 20cm, the width of the front surface and the rear surface is 10cm, the length of the wood boards on the left surface and the right surface is 10cm, and the width of the wood boards is 10 cm; every two adjacent surfaces are respectively connected by a hinge 2, and the upper side and the lower side of the die are respectively clamped by a wood clamping strip 3;
the sink sinking structure 9 is arranged in the middle of the sink 10 and used for placing a multi-element structure soil body;
the flow velocity measuring device comprises ADV three-dimensional flow velocity meters arranged at each measuring section;
step two, manufacturing a soil body sample with a multi-element structure:
firstly, assembling a sand soil layer mould 7, flatly paving a wood bottom plate 4 at the bottom of the inner side of the sand soil layer mould 7, straightening iron wires 6 at two sides, sticking the side walls of wood plates 1 at two sides, putting sand soil in the wood plates, tamping the wood plates, and respectively clamping the wood plates above the sand soil layer mould 7 by using wood clamping strips 3;
then placing the mixed layer mold 8 in a sandy soil layer mold 7 filled with a sandy soil sample, sequentially placing sandy soil and clay into the mixed layer mold 8, determining the thickness of the soil sample according to test requirements, detaching the wood clamping strips 3 and the hinges 2 when the prepared multi-element structure soil body meets the requirements of a scouring test, removing the wood boards 1 around the soil sample, and only remaining the wood bottom plate 4 to support the prepared multi-element structure soil bodies 14 and 15; placing the prepared multi-element structure soil bodies 14 and 15 in the sink sinking structure 9;
step three, draining the water tank 10, and recording the test process:
the lateral camera 11, the upper camera 12 and the ADV three-dimensional current meter are debugged, water flow is started, the flow is set, after the water flow is stable, timing is started, and the lateral camera 11 and the upper camera 12 are started to shoot simultaneously.
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2020
- 2020-08-19 CN CN202010836340.3A patent/CN111896366A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105319050A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2016-02-10 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Test measuring system of riverbank lateral erosion collapse rate and measuring method thereof |
| CN105954084A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-09-21 | 桂林理工大学 | Cubic soil sample preparation device and method |
| CN107589030A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-16 | 青海大学 | A kind of field riverbank in-situ testing device and method of testing |
| CN109781563A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-21 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | A method of it is washed away using hydraulic model simulation cohesive soil starting |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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