CN105319050A - Test measuring system of riverbank lateral erosion collapse rate and measuring method thereof - Google Patents

Test measuring system of riverbank lateral erosion collapse rate and measuring method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105319050A
CN105319050A CN201510575400.XA CN201510575400A CN105319050A CN 105319050 A CN105319050 A CN 105319050A CN 201510575400 A CN201510575400 A CN 201510575400A CN 105319050 A CN105319050 A CN 105319050A
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riverbank
lateral erosion
image
grid
avalanche
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CN105319050B (en
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假冬冬
陈诚
张幸农
张新周
陈长英
费晓昕
应强
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Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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Abstract

The invention provides a test measuring system of a riverbank lateral erosion collapse rate. The test measuring system comprises a tracing grid on a riverbank model, a shooting device and an image processing system. The shooting range of the shooting device covers the tracing grid on the riverbank model. The shooting device is connected with an image processing system. The method comprises the steps of: carrying out uniform grid marking on an upstream face bank slope of a riverbank lateral erosion collapse model, and forming an equal-interval tracing grid; in the test process, carrying out image collection through a high-precision camera; by means of binary image segmentation and digital image processing, extracting position coordinates of grid nodes of a newest bank line after lateral erosion collapse of a riverbank; carrying out coordinate conversion, comparing the position coordinates of the newest bank line with position coordinates of an initial bank line, and calculating a riverbank lateral erosion collapse distance; and then dividing the riverbank lateral erosion collapse distance by a time interval, and obtaining the riverbank lateral erosion collapse rate. According to the invention, measured data is accurate, and a technical support is effectively provided for deep research of a riverbank lateral erosion collapse mechanical mechanism and a forecasting method thereof.

Description

The testing & measuring system of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed and method for measurement thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to testing & measuring system and the method for measurement thereof of a kind of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed in the basic test research of hydraulic engineering river dynamics field.
Background technology
Riverbank lateral erosion avalanche phenomenon is distributed widely among each large rivers in the world, and lateral erosion avalanche phenomenon in riverbank also often can occur in the river such as the Changjiang river, the Yellow River of China, especially shows the most outstanding after flood season and flood, is the disaster that a kind of harm is very large.Riverbank lateral erosion avalanche often leads to great dangerous situation, and the safety of life and property of people across the Straits in serious threat.In addition, riverbank lateral erosion avalanche can cause river course to produce transversely deforming toward contact, causes river gesture acute variation, all causes great adverse effect to the aspects such as flood control, navigation channel, harbour, also brings many difficulties to river controlling projects, and the example of this respect is lifted and is unequal to number.As can be seen here, riverbank lateral erosion avalanche problem is one of problem the most serious in flood control and river regulation, and be an important and urgent problem by the process of experimental study riverbank lateral erosion avalanche and mechanical mechanism thereof, the prediction that can be riverbank lateral erosion avalanche provides technical support.
The river-bed deformation of great rivers comprises transversely deforming two aspect of vertical erosion and deposition and effluent bank lateral erosion avalanche initiation.At present, the achievement in research of being out of shape about vertical change in bed level is more also more ripe, the research of the riverbed transversely deforming caused about riverbank lateral erosion avalanche is then relatively less, comprises the understanding of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche Changing Pattern, mathematical description mode and simulation test research and all lags behind the change of vertical change in bed level.From present stage situation, though riverbank lateral erosion avalanche belongs to the problem received much attention in river engineering field, but experimental study means and method for measurement are all inadequate, the surveying instrument spininess that adopts of the experimental study of change in bed level change is in the past to the vertical Scour and Accretion of bed configuration under water, then be short of very much for the surveying instrument easily and effectively of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche and method for measurement thereof, this becomes a large technical bottleneck of research riverbank lateral erosion avalanche mechanical mechanism gradually.
Summary of the invention
For this problem, the present invention will propose a kind of testing & measuring system and method for measurement thereof can measuring riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed easily and effectively, thus provide technical support for the further investigation of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche mechanical mechanism and forecasting procedure thereof.
The invention provides following technical scheme:
A testing & measuring system for riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed, comprising: spike grid, filming apparatus and image processing system on the model of riverbank; The coverage of described filming apparatus covers the spike grid on the model of described riverbank, and described filming apparatus is connected with described image processing system.
Further, the spike grid on the model of described riverbank scribbles whiteness tracer agent.
Further, image processing system comprises: image sampling module, image segmentation module, collapse on the bank point identification module, coordinate extraction module and coordinate transferring;
The image information of filming apparatus shooting described in described image sampling module acquires;
Described image segmentation module, by Image Segmentation Using process, forms binary image;
Described collapse on the bank point identification module carries out the identification of collapse on the bank point to the image after segmentation;
Described coordinate extraction module extracts the up-to-date water front grid node locations coordinate after the lateral erosion avalanche of riverbank;
The up-to-date water front grid node locations coordinate extracted and initial water front position coordinates contrast by described coordinate transferring, calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse and move back distance; Then collapse with riverbank lateral erosion and move back distance divided by the time interval, just can obtain riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed.
A test method for measurement for riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed, comprises the steps:
S1, test prepare, and accurately produce riverbank lateral erosion avalanche model with the model sasnd that color is darker, lateral erosion avalanche model side, described riverbank is the ladder type with inclination angle, then on upstream face bank slope, uniform grid mark is carried out with whiteness tracer agent, form equidistant spike grid, the water stirring that whiteness tracer agent mixes about 20 ~ 40% by talcum powder forms, then whiteness tracer agent is loaded in plastic bottle, and an aperture is opened with needle point on bottle cap, make whiteness tracer agent can squeeze injection to be as the criterion, uniform grid is marked with fine rule on bank slope by ruler in advance, and then indicate one by one with whiteness tracer agent, thus form equally spaced whiteness tracer grid, wherein longitudinal network ruling is set to vertical flow direction as far as possible, that is be parallel to riverbank lateral erosion and collapse and move back direction, finally, filming apparatus is arranged in above the water surface, and vertical with slope, and adopt less to ensure grid image distortion compared with long focal length lens, and by transmission line, high-definition camera is connected with computer measurement system,
S2, carry out lateral erosion avalanche test, collection model grid gray level image carries out binary conversion treatment; In riverbank lateral erosion avalanche process of the test, by current scour effect, upstream face bank slope constantly collapses and moves back, and the soil body comprising whiteness tracer grid constantly to cave in water and is pulled away, control camera continuous acquisition model meshes gray level image by computing machine, and distortion correction is carried out to image; In order to extract grid image, first need to carry out binary image segmentation by following formula:
G(i,j)≥T(i,j),G(i,j)=255
G(i,j)<T(i,j),G(i,j)=0
In above formula, G (i, j) for pixel coordinate in image be the gray-scale value at (i, j) place, intensity value ranges is (0-255), and 0 is black, 255 be white; T (i, j) is for carrying out the threshold value of binarization segmentation; When this threshold value is set, the continuity of grid be ensured, also will remove picture noise simultaneously as far as possible;
S3, search each longitudinal network ruling collapse on the bank point position one by one; By in advance to image calibration, determine the image transverse and longitudinal changes in coordinates scope of every bar mesh lines; Suppose that the horizontal ordinate variation range of kth bar longitudinal network ruling is for (M 1< I k< M 2), ordinate variation range is (N 1< J k< N 2); First from (N 1~ N 2) go and carry out longitudinal searching, namely from crossing the bank slope direction search to the inside gradually of water side, to jth row (N 1< j < N 2) pixel, at (M 1< i < M 2) pixel in scope searches for, one by one if meet following condition:
G(i,j)=255,(M 1<i<M 2,N 1<j<N 2)
The then avalanche point coordinate X of kth bar longitudinal network ruling k=i, Y k=j;
Image coordinate and model coordinate ratio S can measure in advance, identify avalanche point and extract this point coordinate (X k, Y k) after, with image and model origin (X 0, Y 0) compare, be just converted to model collapse on the bank point coordinate by following formula:
x k=(X k-X o)×S
y k=(Y k-Y o)×S;
S4, calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse back speed rate, successively image procossing is carried out to the every bar longitudinal network ruling in model, extract mesh point coordinate after collapse on the bank, and with the corresponding initial water front position of longitudinal network ruling (x 0, y 0) contrast, calculate the riverbank lateral erosion avalanche displacement L of every bar longitudinal network ruling, then divided by time interval Δ t, just can obtain riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed v, that is:
L = ( x k - x o ) 2 + ( y k - y o ) 2
v=L/Δt。
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: measurement data of the present invention is accurate and effective, technical support can be provided for the further investigation of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche mechanical mechanism and forecasting procedure thereof.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for instructions, together with embodiments of the present invention for explaining the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is present system preferred embodiment model side view;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is typical grid bianry image in riverbank lateral erosion avalanche process of the test.
Embodiment
In the present embodiment, testing & measuring system composition as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, mainly comprises: the spike grid on the model of riverbank, high-definition camera, image processing system.
Measuring principle: adopt the whiteness tracer agent with dark model sasnd color contrast distinctness, carry out uniform grid mark on model upstream face bank slope is caved in riverbank lateral erosion, form equidistant spike grid; Image acquisition is carried out by high-precision camera, and split and Digital Image Processing by binary image, extract the up-to-date water front grid node locations coordinate after the lateral erosion avalanche of riverbank, and contrasted with initial (or arbitrarily upper moment) water front position coordinates, calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse and move back distance; Then collapse with riverbank lateral erosion and move back distance divided by the time interval, just can obtain riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed.
Concrete measuring process is as follows:
(1) riverbank lateral erosion avalanche model and measuring system are installed and are prepared.The first step, first accurately produce riverbank lateral erosion avalanche model with the model sasnd that color is darker, as shown in Figure 1, this model side is the ladder type with certain inclination angle, second step, then on upstream face bank slope, uniform grid mark is carried out with whiteness tracer agent, form equidistant spike grid, as shown in Figure 2, the water stirring that wherein whiteness tracer agent mixes about 20 ~ 40% by talcum powder forms, make it have certain toughness to be as the criterion, then loaded (mineral water bottle) in plastic bottle, and an aperture is opened with needle point on bottle cap, make whiteness tracer agent can squeeze injection to be as the criterion, uniform grid is marked with fine rule on bank slope by ruler in advance, and then indicate one by one with whiteness tracer agent, thus form equally spaced whiteness tracer grid, wherein longitudinal network ruling is set to vertical flow direction as far as possible, that is be parallel to riverbank lateral erosion and collapse and move back direction, finally, high-definition camera is arranged in above the water surface, and vertical with slope, and adopt less to ensure grid image distortion compared with long focal length lens, and by transmission line, high-definition camera is connected with computer measurement system.
(2) carry out lateral erosion avalanche test, collection model grid gray level image carries out binary conversion treatment.In riverbank lateral erosion avalanche process of the test, by current scour effect, upstream face bank slope constantly collapses and moves back, and the soil body comprising whiteness tracer grid constantly to cave in water and is pulled away, control camera continuous acquisition model meshes gray level image by computing machine, and distortion correction is carried out to image.In order to extract grid image, first need to carry out binary image segmentation by following formula:
G(i,j)≥T(i,j),G(i,j)=255
G(i,j)<T(i,j),G(i,j)=0
In above formula, G (i, j) for pixel coordinate in image be the gray-scale value at (i, j) place, intensity value ranges is (0-255), and 0 is black, 255 be white.T (i, j) is for carrying out the threshold value of binarization segmentation.When this threshold value is set, the continuity of grid be ensured, also will remove picture noise simultaneously as far as possible.In riverbank lateral erosion avalanche process of the test, typical binaryzation grid image as shown in Figure 3, is only made up of (note: text display needs is black mesh lines and white background in Fig. 3) white mesh lines and black background.
(3) each longitudinal network ruling collapse on the bank point position is searched one by one.In riverbank lateral erosion avalanche process of the test, typical binaryzation grid image as shown in Figure 3, is only made up of (note: text display needs is black mesh lines and white background in Fig. 3) white mesh lines and black background.By in advance to image calibration, determine the image transverse and longitudinal changes in coordinates scope of every bar mesh lines.Suppose that the horizontal ordinate variation range of kth bar longitudinal network ruling is for (M 1< I k< M 2), ordinate variation range is (N 1< J k< N 2), as shown in Figure 3.First from (N 1~ N 2) go and carry out longitudinal searching, namely from crossing the bank slope direction search to the inside gradually of water side, to jth row (N 1< j < N 2) pixel, at (M 1< i < M 2) pixel in scope searches for, one by one if meet following condition:
G(i,j)=255,(M 1<i<M 2,N 1<j<N 2)
The then avalanche point coordinate X of kth bar longitudinal network ruling k=i, Y k=j.
Image coordinate and model coordinate ratio S can measure in advance, identify avalanche point and extract this point coordinate (X k, Y k) after, with image and model origin (X 0, Y 0) compare, be just converted to model collapse on the bank point coordinate by following formula:
x k=(X k-X o)×S
y k=(Y k-Y o)×S
(4) calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse back speed rate.Successively above-mentioned image procossing is carried out to the every bar longitudinal network ruling in model, extract mesh point coordinate after collapse on the bank, and initial with corresponding longitudinal network ruling (or arbitrarily upper moment) water front position (x 0, y 0) contrast, calculate the riverbank lateral erosion avalanche displacement L of every bar longitudinal network ruling, then divided by time interval Δ t, just can obtain riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed v, that is:
L = ( x k - x o ) 2 + ( y k - y o ) 2
v=L/Δt
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a testing & measuring system for riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed, is characterized in that, comprising: spike grid, filming apparatus and image processing system on the model of riverbank; The coverage of described filming apparatus covers the spike grid on the model of described riverbank, and described filming apparatus is connected with described image processing system.
2. the testing & measuring system of lateral erosion avalanche speed in riverbank according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the spike grid on the model of described riverbank scribbles whiteness tracer agent.
3. the testing & measuring system of the riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed according to any one in claim 1-2, it is characterized in that, image processing system comprises: image sampling module, image segmentation module, collapse on the bank point identification module, coordinate extraction module and coordinate transferring;
The image information of filming apparatus shooting described in described image sampling module acquires;
Described image segmentation module, by Image Segmentation Using process, forms binary image;
Described collapse on the bank point identification module carries out the identification of collapse on the bank point to the image after segmentation;
Described coordinate extraction module extracts the up-to-date water front grid node locations coordinate after the lateral erosion avalanche of riverbank;
The up-to-date water front grid node locations coordinate extracted and initial water front position coordinates contrast by described coordinate transferring, calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse and move back distance; Then collapse with riverbank lateral erosion and move back distance divided by the time interval, just can obtain riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed.
4. a test method for measurement for riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1, test prepare, and accurately produce riverbank lateral erosion avalanche model with the model sasnd that color is darker, lateral erosion avalanche model side, described riverbank is the ladder type with inclination angle; Then on upstream face bank slope, uniform grid mark is carried out with whiteness tracer agent, form equidistant spike grid, then whiteness tracer agent is loaded in plastic bottle, and an aperture is opened with needle point on bottle cap, make whiteness tracer agent can squeeze injection to be as the criterion, uniform grid is marked with fine rule on bank slope by ruler in advance, and then indicate one by one with whiteness tracer agent, thus form equally spaced whiteness tracer grid, wherein longitudinal network ruling is set to vertical flow direction as far as possible, that is is parallel to riverbank lateral erosion and collapses and move back direction; Finally, filming apparatus is arranged in above the water surface, and vertical with slope, and adopt less to ensure grid image distortion compared with long focal length lens, and by transmission line, high-definition camera is connected with computer measurement system;
S2, carry out lateral erosion avalanche test, collection model grid gray level image carries out binary conversion treatment; In riverbank lateral erosion avalanche process of the test, by current scour effect, upstream face bank slope constantly collapses and moves back, and the soil body comprising whiteness tracer grid constantly to cave in water and is pulled away, control camera continuous acquisition model meshes gray level image by computing machine, and distortion correction is carried out to image; In order to extract grid image, first need to carry out binary image segmentation by following formula:
G(i,j)≥T(i,j),G(i,j)=255
G(i,j)<T(i,j),G(i,j)=0
In above formula, G (i, j) for pixel coordinate in image be the gray-scale value at (i, j) place, intensity value ranges is (0-255), and 0 is black, 255 be white; T (i, j) is for carrying out the threshold value of binarization segmentation; When this threshold value is set, the continuity of grid be ensured, also will remove picture noise simultaneously as far as possible;
S3, search each longitudinal network ruling collapse on the bank point position one by one; By in advance to image calibration, determine the image transverse and longitudinal changes in coordinates scope of every bar mesh lines; Suppose that the horizontal ordinate variation range of kth bar longitudinal network ruling is for (M 1< I k< M 2), ordinate variation range is (N 1< J k< N 2); First from (N 1~ N 2) go and carry out longitudinal searching, namely from crossing the bank slope direction search to the inside gradually of water side, to jth row (N 1< j < N 2) pixel, at (M 1< i < M 2) pixel in scope searches for, one by one if meet following condition:
G(i,j)=255,(M 1<i<M 2,N 1<j<N 2)
The then avalanche point coordinate X of kth bar longitudinal network ruling k=i, Y k=j;
Image coordinate and model coordinate ratio S can measure in advance, identify avalanche point and extract this point coordinate (X k, Y k) after, with image and model origin (X 0, Y 0) compare, be just converted to model collapse on the bank point coordinate by following formula:
x k=(X k-X o)×S
y k=(Y k-Y o)×S;
S4, calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse back speed rate, successively image procossing is carried out to the every bar longitudinal network ruling in model, extract mesh point coordinate after collapse on the bank, and with the corresponding initial water front position of longitudinal network ruling (x 0, y 0) contrast, calculate the riverbank lateral erosion avalanche displacement L of every bar longitudinal network ruling, then divided by time interval Δ t, just can obtain riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed v, that is:
L = ( x k - x o ) 2 + ( y k - y o ) 2
v=L/Δt。
5. the test method for measurement of lateral erosion avalanche speed in riverbank according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the water stirring that in S1, whiteness tracer agent mixes about 20 ~ 40% by talcum powder forms.
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CN116109869A (en) * 2023-02-20 2023-05-12 北京科技大学 Method and device for identifying reservoir water level fluctuation based on water bank image matching

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CN108955999A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-12-07 武汉大学 A kind of Bank Failure real-time monitoring device based on pressure sensing technology
CN109029278A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-18 广西大学 Grid protects the monitoring device and monitoring method of side slope surface stress strain
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CN111962457A (en) * 2020-08-19 2020-11-20 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 Hydraulic model for simulating multi-element structure river bank impedance water flow scouring
CN115391904A (en) * 2022-10-27 2022-11-25 河海大学 River bank collapse early warning method and system
CN116109869A (en) * 2023-02-20 2023-05-12 北京科技大学 Method and device for identifying reservoir water level fluctuation based on water bank image matching
CN116109869B (en) * 2023-02-20 2024-02-20 北京科技大学 Method and device for identifying reservoir water level fluctuation based on water bank image matching

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