CN111894600A - Three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure and tunneling method thereof - Google Patents
Three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure and tunneling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111894600A CN111894600A CN202010677299.XA CN202010677299A CN111894600A CN 111894600 A CN111894600 A CN 111894600A CN 202010677299 A CN202010677299 A CN 202010677299A CN 111894600 A CN111894600 A CN 111894600A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 116
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 116
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure and a tunneling method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: pre-digging a drill site on at least one side of a working surface of the roadway; drilling a hole in a drill site towards a top plate corresponding to the coal seam towards a top plate of a roadway to be tunneled to form a first drilled hole, and grouting the top plate through the first drilled hole; and tunneling the coal bed to be tunneled on the working face of the tunnel to form a new tunnel. According to the three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure and the tunneling method thereof, holes are drilled towards the top plate of the roadway to be tunneled towards the top plate corresponding to the coal seam in the drilling field, and the top plate is grouted in the formed first drilled hole, so that the physical and mechanical properties of the top plate in the tunneling direction are improved, and the strength of the three-soft coal seam is improved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety mining, in particular to a three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure and a tunneling method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of the capacity of mechanical equipment of a coal mining working face, the recovery speed is faster and faster, the problem of insufficient excavation connection exists in most coal mines, meanwhile, along with the extension and the expansion of mines, the geological conditions of the coal seams are poorer and poorer, the stress environment is more and more complex, the speed and the quality of roadway excavation are continuously reduced, and particularly the roadway excavation of the three-soft coal seam seriously restricts the safe and efficient development of the coal mine.
The three soft coal layers refer to soft roof strata, soft main mining coal layers and soft coal bed floor strata encountered in coal mining. In the process of tunneling a roadway of a three-soft coal seam, because the strength of a coal body is low, the structure is loose, and the top plate and the bottom plate of the coal seam are soft, the machine-tunneling and blasting-tunneling modes with high efficiency cannot be adopted, and only manual tunneling can be adopted. Even if a manual tunneling mode is adopted, the surrounding rock of the roadway is easy to collapse, fall and rib spalling, so that the roadway is poor in forming and gas in a high-emission area is accumulated. Meanwhile, the initial anchor net active support has no time and insufficient anchoring force, loose coal bodies at the rear of the anchor rod cable supporting plate are lost when higher initial pretightening force is applied, so that the supporting plate is empty and not attached to a rock surface, and the support fails, so that the expansion and separation of surrounding rocks at the later stage are further caused, and the 'drop-in' is formed, thereby causing the large deformation of the roadway. As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of tunneling of a three-soft coal seam. During the working face extraction, because the tunnel molding is not good, the initial supporting effect is poor, even passive supporting, under the pressure effect of extraction and advance support, the tunnel will appear more serious deformation, very big influence the efficiency of extraction.
In order to avoid the problem, active support of the coal bed and the top plate is required to be carried out at the heading head, but the existing active support process is easy to interfere with the heading construction, and the efficiency and time of the heading construction are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical defects and application requirements, the embodiment of the invention provides a surrounding rock structure of a three-soft coal seam roadway and a tunneling method thereof, which solve the interference between the tunneling construction and the active support construction of the existing three-soft coal seam roadway, and simultaneously improve the tunneling speed and the support quality.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for tunneling a roadway of a three-soft coal seam, which comprises the following steps:
pre-digging a drill site on at least one side of a working surface of the roadway;
drilling a hole in a drill site towards a top plate corresponding to the coal seam towards a top plate of a roadway to be tunneled to form a first drilled hole, and grouting the top plate through the first drilled hole;
and tunneling the coal bed to be tunneled on the working face of the tunnel to form a new tunnel.
Further, drilling a hole towards a top plate corresponding to the coal seam in the drilling site to a top plate of a roadway to be tunneled to form a first drilling hole, and performing grouting on the top plate through the first drilling hole further comprises the following steps:
and drilling the coal seam in the drilling field to form a second drilling hole, and grouting the coal seam through the second drilling hole.
Further, drilling the coal seam in the drilling site to form a second drilling hole, wherein the step of grouting the coal seam through the second drilling hole specifically comprises the following steps of:
drilling a coal seam in a drilling field to form a second drilling hole; connecting a grouting floral tube in the second drill hole, and performing a grouting modification process in the second drill hole through the grouting floral tube so as to form a second grouting modification mechanism in the second drill hole; the second grouting modification mechanism is only inserted in the coal seam; the second slip casting modification mechanism comprises: grouting perforated pipes, linear solidification units and a plurality of tree-shaped solidification units; the linear solidification unit is filled in the grouting perforated pipe, the grouting perforated pipe is provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes along the extending direction of the pipeline, and each tree-shaped solidification unit is connected with the linear solidification unit through the corresponding grout outlet hole.
Further, drilling the coal seam in the drilling field to form a second drilling hole; the method comprises the following steps of connecting a grouting floral tube in a second drill hole, and performing a grouting modification process in the second drill hole through the grouting floral tube to form a second grouting modification mechanism in the second drill hole, wherein the steps comprise:
connecting a grouting floral tube in the second drill hole, and selecting a corresponding grouting modification process according to the depth of the second drill hole;
if the depth of the second drilling hole is smaller than a preset value, carrying out a full-length primary grouting modification process in the second drilling hole by using a grouting perforated pipe;
and if the depth of the second drilling hole is larger than or equal to a preset value, performing a retreating type sectional grouting modification process in the second drilling hole by using the grouting perforated pipe.
Further, in the drilling site, a first drilling hole is formed in the top plate of the roadway to be tunneled towards the top plate corresponding to the coal seam, and the step of grouting the top plate through the first drilling hole specifically comprises the following steps:
drilling a top plate in a drilling field to form a first drilling hole; connecting a grouting floral tube in the first drill hole, and performing a grouting modification process in the first drill hole through the grouting floral tube so as to form a first grouting modification mechanism in the first drill hole; the first drilling hole simultaneously penetrates through a top plate corresponding to the coal seam and a top plate corresponding to the coal seam to be tunneled; the first slip casting modification mechanism comprises: grouting perforated pipes, linear solidification units and a plurality of tree-shaped solidification units; the linear solidification unit is filled in the grouting perforated pipe, the grouting perforated pipe is provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes along the extending direction of the pipeline, and each tree-shaped solidification unit is connected with the linear solidification unit through the corresponding grout outlet hole.
Further, the top plate is drilled in the drilling field to form a first drilled hole; the method comprises the following steps of connecting a grouting floral tube in a first drill hole, and performing a grouting modification process in the first drill hole through the grouting floral tube to form a first grouting modification mechanism in the first drill hole, wherein the grouting modification mechanism comprises the following steps:
connecting a grouting perforated pipe in the first drilling hole, and selecting a corresponding grouting modification process according to the depth of the first drilling hole;
if the depth of the first drilling hole is smaller than a preset value, carrying out a full-length primary grouting modification process in the first drilling hole by using a grouting perforated pipe;
and if the depth of the first drilling hole is larger than or equal to a preset value, performing a retreating type sectional grouting modification process in the first drilling hole by using the grouting perforated pipe.
Further, the step of pre-digging a drill site on at least one side of the working face of the roadway further comprises the following steps: and drilling test holes in the top plate and the coal seam to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the roadway of the three-soft coal seam.
Further, after the step of excavating the coal seam to be excavated on the working face of the roadway to form a new roadway, the method further comprises the following steps:
when the difference between the length of the top plate for grouting and the length for tunneling is determined to reach the target range, pre-digging a drill site on at least one side of the working surface of the roadway again;
and drilling holes towards the top plate corresponding to the coal seam in the drilling field to the top plate of the roadway to be tunneled to form first drilled holes, and grouting the top plate through the first drilled holes until the roadway with the three soft coal seams is completely tunneled to form a complete roadway.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure, comprising:
a roadway; at least one side of the roadway is provided with a coal seam, and the roadway and the coal seam are both positioned at the bottom of the top plate; a first grouting modification mechanism is installed in the top plate and is simultaneously inserted into the top plate corresponding to the coal seam and the top plate corresponding to the roadway;
wherein, the first slip casting modification mechanism includes: grouting perforated pipes, linear solidification units and a plurality of tree-shaped solidification units; the linear solidification units are filled in the grouting perforated pipes, a plurality of grout outlet holes are formed in the grouting perforated pipes along the extending direction of pipelines, and each tree-shaped solidification unit is connected with the linear solidification unit through the corresponding grout outlet hole.
Furthermore, a plurality of second grouting modification mechanisms are installed in the coal seam, and the second grouting modification mechanisms are the same as the first grouting modification mechanisms in structure;
the coal seam includes: a first coal seam and a second coal seam; the roadway is located between the first coal seam and the second coal seam; the number of the first grouting modification mechanisms is multiple, and at least one part of the first grouting modification mechanisms are arranged in the top plate corresponding to the first coal seam and the top plate corresponding to the roadway in a fan shape.
According to the three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure and the tunneling method thereof, holes are drilled towards the top plate of the roadway to be tunneled towards the top plate corresponding to the coal seam in the drilling field, and the top plate is grouted in the formed first drilled hole, so that the physical and mechanical properties of the top plate in the tunneling direction are improved, and the strength of the three-soft coal seam is improved to a certain extent. Meanwhile, after the three-soft coal seam is modified, mechanical excavation can be tried, and the excavation efficiency is improved.
Secondly, by the method for tunneling the three-soft coal seam roadway, the top plate is relatively stable in the process of tunneling the roadway, and the phenomena of collapse, falling, rib spalling and the like can not be generated when the roadway is just exposed and not supported. Compared with the prior art, the tunnel forming is relatively good, and enough time is provided for supporting.
In addition, by the method for tunneling the three-soft coal seam roadway, the anchorage performance of roadway support surrounding rock can be improved, the diffusion of prestress is facilitated, and a foundation is provided for the active support of a subsequent anchor net.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings required for the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of roadway excavation of a three-soft coal seam;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for tunneling a three-soft coal seam roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a surrounding rock structure of a roadway with three soft coal seams according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a surrounding rock structure of a roadway with three soft coal seams according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a grouting floral tube provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1. a top plate; 2. a roadway; 3. a coal seam; 4. a first grouting modification mechanism; 5. a second grouting modification mechanism; 6. drilling a field; 7. grouting a floral tube; 8. a tree-shaped solidification unit; 9. a slurry outlet; 31. a first coal seam; 32. a second coal seam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for tunneling a roadway of a three-soft coal seam, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 2 to 5:
step S1: a drill site 6 is pre-dug on at least one side of the face of the roadway 2.
Specifically, the drilling site 6 is pre-dug on at least one side of two sides of the roadway 2, the width of the drilling site 6 is preferably the width capable of swinging a drilling machine and adjusting a drilling angle, the height of the drilling site 6 is not more than the middle position of the direct top of the roadway, the depth of the drilling site 6 is preferably 4-5m, and the specific size is adjusted according to the field condition.
Step S2: and drilling a hole towards the top plate 1 corresponding to the coal seam 3 in the drilling field 6 to the top plate 1 of the roadway 2 to be tunneled to form a first drilled hole, and grouting the top plate 1 through the first drilled hole.
Specifically, the top plate 1 is drilled in a drill site to form a first drilled hole (top plate grouting modified drilled hole); a grouting floral tube 7 is connected in the first drill hole, and a grouting modification process is carried out in the first drill hole through the grouting floral tube 7 so as to form a first grouting modification mechanism in the first drill hole; the first drill hole is simultaneously inserted into a top plate 1 corresponding to the coal seam 3 and the top plate 1 corresponding to the coal seam 3 to be tunneled; the first slurry modification mechanism 4 includes: grouting perforated pipes 7, linear solidification units and a plurality of tree-shaped solidification units 8; the linear solidification units are filled in the grouting perforated pipes 7, the grouting perforated pipes 7 are provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes 9 along the extending direction of the pipelines, and each tree-shaped solidification unit 8 is connected with the linear solidification unit through the corresponding grout outlet hole 9.
In order to prevent hole collapse, after the drilling is finished, a grouting pipe 7 is immediately connected downwards in the hole, so that the flowing and the diffusion of the modified slurry are facilitated. And (3) performing a grouting modification process in the first drilling hole through the grouting perforated pipe 7, completing grouting modification, and after the modified slurry is solidified, forming a first grouting modification mechanism 4 in the first drilling hole to improve the state of a loose and weak top plate in front of the roadway 2.
Wherein the drilling angle is preferably such that the modified slurry can diffuse to cover the roof 1 of the entire roadway 2. The diameter of the drilled hole is about phi 56, and the drilled hole is designed according to the configured drilling machine.
Step S3: and (4) excavating the coal seam 3 to be excavated on the working surface of the roadway to form a new roadway.
After the first slip casting modification mechanism 4 is completed, machine excavation may be attempted to form a new roadway. Even if the machine excavation requirement cannot be met, the physical and mechanical properties of the top plate in the excavation direction can be effectively improved, and the forming and supporting of the roadway are facilitated.
Wherein, step S2 further includes: the coal seam 3 is drilled in the drill site 6 to form a second borehole through which the coal seam 3 is grouted.
Specifically, the coal seam 3 is drilled in the drill site 6, and a second drill hole (advanced pre-grouting hole) is formed within a range of about two meters away from the roadway 2; a grouting floral tube is connected in the second drill hole, and a grouting modification process is carried out in the second drill hole through the grouting floral tube 7 so as to form a second grouting modification mechanism in the second drill hole; the second grouting modification mechanism 5 is identical to the first grouting modification mechanism 4 in structure, the second drilling holes are only inserted in the coal seam 3 and are parallel to the roadway and arranged in the coal seam 3. The second slip casting modification mechanism 5 includes: grouting perforated pipes 7, linear solidification units and a plurality of tree-shaped solidification units 8; the linear solidification units are filled in the grouting perforated pipes 7, the grouting perforated pipes 7 are provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes 9 along the extending direction of the pipelines, and each tree-shaped solidification unit 8 is connected with the linear solidification unit through the corresponding grout outlet hole 9.
In order to prevent hole collapse, after the drilling is finished, a grouting pipe 7 is immediately connected downwards in the hole, so that the flowing and the diffusion of the modified slurry are facilitated. And (3) performing a grouting modification process in the second drill hole through the grouting perforated pipe 7, finishing the grouting modification, and after the modified slurry is solidified, forming a second grouting modification mechanism 5 in the second drill hole to improve the state of the coal bed 3 on at least one side of the tunneling direction of the roadway 2.
In the grouting process of the second drill hole, a grouting floral tube 7 is connected in the second drill hole, and a corresponding grouting modification process is selected according to the depth of the second drill hole; if the depth of the second drilling hole is smaller than a preset value, a full-length primary grouting modification process is carried out in the second drilling hole by utilizing the grouting perforated pipe 7; and if the depth of the second drilling hole is greater than or equal to a preset value, performing a retreating type sectional grouting modification process in the second drilling hole by using the grouting perforated pipe 7.
Similarly, in the grouting process of the first drill hole, a grouting floral tube 7 is connected in the first drill hole, and a corresponding grouting modification process is selected according to the depth of the first drill hole; if the depth of the first drilling hole is smaller than a preset value, a full-length primary grouting modification process is carried out in the first drilling hole by utilizing the grouting perforated pipe 7; and if the depth of the first drilling hole is greater than or equal to a preset value, performing a retreating type sectional grouting modification process in the first drilling hole by using the grouting perforated pipe 7.
Specifically, according to the depths of the first drilling hole and the second drilling hole, a full-length one-time grouting modification process or a backward type sectional grouting modification process is determined. For example, when the drilling depth is designed to be 20-30m and the pressure of a grouting device is above 30MPa, the full-length primary grouting modification process can be carried out in the drilling hole by using the grouting floral tube 7. And when the drilling depth is about 80m, the retreating type sectional grouting modification process can be carried out in the drilling hole by utilizing the grouting perforated pipe 7.
When the retreating type sectional grouting modification process is adopted, before the roadway 2 is tunneled, a separating type hole packer is adopted to perform sectional hole sealing on a long drill hole needing retreating type sectional grouting, and retreating type grouting is performed at a certain distance. The slurry may be packed one or more times. And after the grouting is completed once, releasing pressure of the packer, retreating for a certain distance, pressurizing again to seal the hole and grouting, and circulating. Similarly, for a drill hole with shallow depth, a separated hole packer can be used for directly sealing holes near the hole opening, and a slurry outlet hole with the diameter of phi 10mm is arranged on the grouting perforated pipe 7 at intervals of 500mm, so that the full-length one-time grouting modification process is directly completed.
In order to ensure the improvement effect of the grouting mechanism on the coal seam 3 and the roof 1, the step S1 is preceded by: step S0: and drilling test holes in the top plate 1 and the coal seam 3 to obtain physical and mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the roadway of the three-soft coal seam.
Specifically, after the roadway 2 is tunneled and opened, a plurality of drill holes perpendicular to the rock surface are drilled on the top plate and the two sides respectively, the depth of each drill hole is about 10m, the diameter phi is 56mm, surrounding rock structure peering and strength investigation are carried out, and physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rocks of the roadway with the three soft coal seams are tested. According to the physical and mechanical parameters, the arrangement parameters, grouting process, modified slurry materials and the like of the first grouting modification mechanism 4 and the second grouting modification mechanism 5 can be adjusted.
Step S3 is followed by: s4: when the difference between the length of the grouted top plate 1 and the tunneling length reaches the target range, pre-digging a drill site 6 on at least one side of the working surface of the roadway 2; and drilling holes in the drill site 6 towards the top plate 1 corresponding to the coal seam to the top plate 1 of the roadway 2 to be tunneled to form first drilled holes, and grouting the top plate 1 through the first drilled holes.
Until the roadway of the three-soft coal seam is completely dug, a complete roadway 2 is formed. Namely, when one drill site 6 is advanced to pre-grouting and modify loose and weak surrounding rocks to be dug, the drill site 6 can be arranged again to perform grouting modification at the next stage, and the process is circulated until the whole three-soft coal seam roadway is completely dug.
In summary, according to the method for tunneling a roadway with three soft coal seams provided by the embodiment of the invention, the holes are drilled towards the top plate of the roadway to be tunneled towards the top plate corresponding to the coal seam in the drilling field, and the top plate is grouted in the formed first drilled hole, so that the physical and mechanical properties of the top plate in the tunneling direction are improved, and the strength of the three soft coal seams is improved to a certain extent. Meanwhile, after the three-soft coal seam is modified, mechanical excavation can be tried, and the excavation efficiency is improved.
Secondly, by the method for tunneling the three-soft coal seam roadway, the top plate is relatively stable in the process of tunneling the roadway, and the phenomena of collapse, falling, rib spalling and the like can not be generated when the roadway is just exposed and not supported. Compared with the prior art, the tunnel forming is relatively good, and enough time is provided for supporting.
In addition, by the method for tunneling the three-soft coal seam roadway, the anchorage performance of roadway support surrounding rock can be improved, the diffusion of prestress is facilitated, and a foundation is provided for the active support of a subsequent anchor net.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure includes: a roadway 2; at least one side of the roadway 2 is provided with a coal seam 3. The laneway 2 and the coal seam 3 are both positioned at the bottom of the roof 1. The top plate 1 is provided with a first grouting modification mechanism 4. The first grouting modification mechanism 4 is simultaneously inserted into the roof 1 corresponding to the coal seam 3 and the roof 1 corresponding to the roadway 2. Namely, the first grouting modification mechanism 4 connects the roof 1 corresponding to the coal seam 3 with the roof 1 corresponding to the roadway 2. Therefore, the first slurry reforming mechanism 4 can improve the state and strength of the top plate 1.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the first slurry modification mechanism 4 includes: grouting perforated pipes 7, linear solidification units and a plurality of tree-shaped solidification units 8; the linear solidification units are filled in the grouting perforated pipes 7, the grouting perforated pipes 7 are provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes 9 along the extending direction of the pipelines, and each tree-shaped solidification unit 8 is connected with the linear solidification unit through the corresponding grout outlet hole 9.
According to the roadway surrounding rock structure of the three-soft coal seam, the first grouting modification mechanism is arranged in the top plate 1 and is simultaneously inserted into the top plate corresponding to the coal seam and the top plate corresponding to the roadway 2, so that the physical and mechanical properties of the top plate in the tunneling direction are improved, and the strength of the three-soft coal seam is improved to a certain extent. Meanwhile, after the three-soft coal seam is modified, mechanical excavation can be tried, and the excavation efficiency is improved.
Secondly, by arranging the first grouting modification mechanism, the top plate is relatively stable in the process of tunneling the roadway, and the phenomena of collapse, falling, rib spalling and the like can not be generated when the roadway is just exposed and not supported. Compared with the prior art, the tunnel forming is relatively good, and enough time is provided for supporting.
In addition, the anchoring property of the roadway supporting surrounding rock can be improved by arranging the first grouting modification mechanism, the diffusion of prestress is facilitated, and a foundation is provided for the active supporting of a subsequent anchor net.
Based on the above embodiments, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, in order to improve the strength and integrity of the three-soft coal seam, a plurality of second grouting modification mechanisms 5 are installed in the coal seam 3. The second grouting modification mechanism 5 has the same structure as the first grouting modification mechanism 4. The second grouting modification mechanism 5 is perpendicular to the rock surface and arranged along the extending direction of the roadway 2.
According to the modification effect, the number of the second grouting modification mechanisms 5 can be adjusted according to the requirement. If one side of the roadway 2 is a small coal pillar or a coal pillar-free coal pillar, the second grouting modification mechanism 5 can be arranged in the coal seam 3 on the single side only.
In this embodiment, the coal seam 3 includes: first coal seam 31 and second coal seam 32. Roadway 2 is located between first coal seam 31 and second coal seam 32.
According to the modification effect, the number of the first grouting modification mechanisms 4 can be adjusted according to the requirement.
Generally, the number of the first grouting modification mechanisms 4 is multiple, and at least a part of the first grouting modification mechanisms 4 are arranged in a fan shape in the roof 1 corresponding to the first coal seam 31 and the roof 1 corresponding to the roadway 2. Similarly, at least a part of the first grouting modification mechanism 4 may also be arranged in a fan shape in the roof 1 corresponding to the second coal seam 32 and the roof 1 corresponding to the roadway 2. If one side of the roadway 2 is a small coal pillar or a coal pillar-free coal pillar, the first grouting modification mechanism 4 can be arranged in the coal seam 3 on the single side only.
In order to further improve the strength and the integrity of the three-soft coal seam, the number of the first grouting modification mechanisms 4 is multiple and can be divided into two groups, and each group is provided with a plurality of first grouting modification mechanisms 4. Two sets of settings are in the left and right sides respectively, and the first slip casting of first group is modified mechanism 4 and is fan-shaped to be arranged in roof 1 that first coal seam 31 corresponds and roof 1 that tunnel 2 corresponds. The first grouting modification mechanisms 4 of the second group and the first grouting modification mechanisms 4 of the first group are sequentially arranged in a staggered manner and are arranged in a fan shape in the top plate 1 corresponding to the second coal seam 32 and the top plate 1 corresponding to the roadway 2.
For convenient drilling, coal seam tunnel country rock structure still includes: a drill site 6. The drill site 6 is located on at least one side of the roadway 2, while the drill site 6 is located at the drilling end of the coal seam 3. The number of the drilling sites 6 is adjusted according to the number and the positions of the first grouting modification mechanism 4 and the second grouting modification mechanism 5.
Wherein, the linear solidification unit and the tree-shaped solidification unit 8 are formed by the solidification of modified slurry diffused in loose and weak coal and rock bodies. The linear solidification unit and the tree-shaped solidification unit 8 do not affect the normal tunneling of the tunnel 2. Meanwhile, normal tunneling of the roadway for a period of time can be guaranteed, frequent drilling and injection are not needed, tunneling efficiency is affected, and the tunneling speed of the roadway 2 in the three-soft coal seam and the roadway forming and supporting quality are effectively improved.
The modifying slurry may be selected from organic and inorganic materials. The inorganic material is mainly based on cement, and various additives are added to change the gel speed, the caking property and the fluidity of the inorganic material. Its advantages are low cost, high strength of stone body, and low diffusibility, low injectibility and adhesion. The organic material has the advantages of strong diffusivity, good injectability and strong caking property, but has high price, low strength of the stone body, and easy influence on coal quality and environmental pollution.
According to the three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first grouting modification mechanism is arranged in the top plate 1, the first grouting modification mechanism is simultaneously inserted into the top plate corresponding to the coal seam and the top plate corresponding to the roadway, and the second grouting modification mechanism is simultaneously inserted into the coal seam, so that the physical and mechanical properties of loose and weak coal bodies and the top plate around the roadway in the tunneling direction can be improved, and the strength and integrity of the three-soft coal seam are improved to a certain extent. Meanwhile, after the three-soft coal seam is modified, mechanical excavation can be tried, and the excavation efficiency is improved.
Secondly, by arranging the first grouting modification mechanism and the second grouting modification mechanism, the top plate and the coal bed can be relatively stable in the process of tunneling the roadway, and the phenomena of collapse, falling, rib spalling and the like can not be generated when the roadway is just exposed and not supported. Compared with the prior art, the tunnel forming is relatively good, and enough time is provided for supporting.
In addition, the anchoring performance of the roadway supporting surrounding rock can be integrally improved by arranging the first grouting modification mechanism and the second grouting modification mechanism, and a foundation is provided for the active supporting of a subsequent anchor net.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for tunneling a roadway of a three-soft coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pre-digging a drill site on at least one side of a working surface of the roadway;
drilling a hole in a drill site towards a top plate corresponding to the coal seam towards a top plate of a roadway to be tunneled to form a first drilled hole, and grouting the top plate through the first drilled hole;
and tunneling the coal bed to be tunneled on the working face of the tunnel to form a new tunnel.
2. The method for tunneling a roadway with three soft coal seams according to claim 1, wherein holes are drilled in a drill site towards a top plate of the roadway to be tunneled towards a corresponding top plate of the coal seam to form first drilled holes, and the step of grouting the top plate through the first drilled holes further comprises the following steps:
and drilling the coal seam in the drilling field to form a second drilling hole, and grouting the coal seam through the second drilling hole.
3. The method for tunneling a three-soft coal seam according to claim 2, wherein the step of drilling the coal seam in the drilling site to form a second drill hole comprises the following specific steps of:
drilling a coal seam in a drilling field to form a second drilling hole; connecting a grouting floral tube in the second drill hole, and performing a grouting modification process in the second drill hole through the grouting floral tube so as to form a second grouting modification mechanism in the second drill hole; the second grouting modification mechanism is only inserted in the coal seam; the second slip casting modification mechanism comprises: grouting perforated pipes, linear solidification units and a plurality of tree-shaped solidification units; the linear solidification unit is filled in the grouting perforated pipe, the grouting perforated pipe is provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes along the extending direction of the pipeline, and each tree-shaped solidification unit is connected with the linear solidification unit through the corresponding grout outlet hole.
4. The method for tunneling a triple soft coal seam according to claim 3, wherein the coal seam is drilled in a drilling site to form a second drilled hole; the method comprises the following steps of connecting a grouting floral tube in a second drill hole, and performing a grouting modification process in the second drill hole through the grouting floral tube to form a second grouting modification mechanism in the second drill hole, wherein the steps comprise:
connecting a grouting floral tube in the second drill hole, and selecting a corresponding grouting modification process according to the depth of the second drill hole;
if the depth of the second drilling hole is smaller than a preset value, carrying out a full-length primary grouting modification process in the second drilling hole by using a grouting perforated pipe;
and if the depth of the second drilling hole is larger than or equal to a preset value, performing a retreating type sectional grouting modification process in the second drilling hole by using the grouting perforated pipe.
5. The method for tunneling a roadway with three soft coal seams according to claim 1, wherein holes are drilled in a drill site towards a top plate of the roadway to be tunneled, so as to form first drilled holes, and the step of grouting the top plate through the first drilled holes specifically comprises the following steps:
drilling a top plate in a drilling field to form a first drilling hole; connecting a grouting floral tube in the first drill hole, and performing a grouting modification process in the first drill hole through the grouting floral tube so as to form a first grouting modification mechanism in the first drill hole; the first drilling hole simultaneously penetrates through a top plate corresponding to the coal seam and a top plate corresponding to the coal seam to be tunneled; the first slip casting modification mechanism comprises: grouting perforated pipes, linear solidification units and a plurality of tree-shaped solidification units; the linear solidification unit is filled in the grouting perforated pipe, the grouting perforated pipe is provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes along the extending direction of the pipeline, and each tree-shaped solidification unit is connected with the linear solidification unit through the corresponding grout outlet hole.
6. The method for tunneling a triple-soft coal seam according to claim 5, wherein the top plate is drilled in the drill site to form a first drilled hole; the method comprises the following steps of connecting a grouting floral tube in a first drill hole, and performing a grouting modification process in the first drill hole through the grouting floral tube to form a first grouting modification mechanism in the first drill hole, wherein the grouting modification mechanism comprises the following steps:
connecting a grouting perforated pipe in the first drilling hole, and selecting a corresponding grouting modification process according to the depth of the first drilling hole;
if the depth of the first drilling hole is smaller than a preset value, carrying out a full-length primary grouting modification process in the first drilling hole by using a grouting perforated pipe;
and if the depth of the first drilling hole is larger than or equal to a preset value, performing a retreating type sectional grouting modification process in the first drilling hole by using the grouting perforated pipe.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of pre-excavating a drill site on at least one side of the face of the roadway further comprises:
and drilling test holes in the top plate and the coal seam to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the roadway of the three-soft coal seam.
8. The method of tunnelling a triple soft coal seam as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the step of tunnelling the coal seam to be tunnelled at the face of the tunnel to form a new tunnel is followed by the further steps of:
when the difference between the length of the top plate for grouting and the length for tunneling is determined to reach the target range, pre-digging a drill site on at least one side of the working surface of the roadway again;
and drilling holes towards the top plate corresponding to the coal seam in the drilling field to the top plate of the roadway to be tunneled to form first drilled holes, and grouting the top plate through the first drilled holes until the roadway with the three soft coal seams is completely tunneled to form a complete roadway.
9. The utility model provides a three soft coal seam tunnel country rock structure which characterized in that includes:
a roadway; at least one side of the roadway is provided with a coal seam, and the roadway and the coal seam are both positioned at the bottom of the top plate; a first grouting modification mechanism is installed in the top plate and is simultaneously inserted into the top plate corresponding to the coal seam and the top plate corresponding to the roadway;
wherein, the first slip casting modification mechanism includes: grouting perforated pipes, linear solidification units and a plurality of tree-shaped solidification units; the linear solidification units are filled in the grouting perforated pipes, a plurality of grout outlet holes are formed in the grouting perforated pipes along the extending direction of pipelines, and each tree-shaped solidification unit is connected with the linear solidification unit through the corresponding grout outlet hole.
10. The three-soft coal seam roadway surrounding rock structure of claim 9, wherein a plurality of second grouting modification mechanisms are installed in the coal seam, and the second grouting modification mechanisms are the same as the first grouting modification mechanisms in structure;
the coal seam includes: a first coal seam and a second coal seam; the roadway is located between the first coal seam and the second coal seam; the number of the first grouting modification mechanisms is multiple, and at least one part of the first grouting modification mechanisms are arranged in the top plate corresponding to the first coal seam and the top plate corresponding to the roadway in a fan shape.
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