CN111892979B - 一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,该材料按重量百分比计由以下组分混合均匀制得:聚丙烯酸酯树脂20%~77%、增韧剂5%~11%、短切纤维增强剂10%~70%、固体润滑剂5%~20%。所述聚丙烯酸酯树脂由丙烯酸酯单体、引发剂和促进剂组成;所述丙烯酸酯单体按重量百分比计由以下组分混合均匀制得:四官能度丙烯酸酯单体60%~80%,三官能度丙烯酸酯单体10%~50%,二官能度丙烯酸酯单体10%;所述引发剂的用量为所述丙烯酸酯单体重量的0.2%~0.7%;所述促进剂的用量为所述丙烯酸酯单体重量的0.2%~0.7%。同时,本发明还公开了该材料的应用。本发明性能优异,可通过注射成型在关节轴承的外圈和内圈间隙中制备具有良好的承载能力和耐磨寿命的航空自润滑关节轴承。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及自润滑关节轴承技术领域,尤其涉及一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料及其应用。
背景技术
自润滑关节轴承具有结构简单、自润滑以及免维护等特点,在航空飞机中具有广泛应用。自润滑关节轴承通过内圈和外圈的滑动摩擦实现轴承的承载与传动功能。与传统油脂润滑的关节轴承相比,自润滑关节轴承通常在内外圈间隙中采用具有低摩擦系数的耐磨材料,在使用中不需二次加注润滑脂,可满足飞机对难以维护部位的服役要求。
长期以来,航空工业用高承载自润滑关节轴承的衬垫主要采用长纤维混合编织成型的织物复合材料。首先将复合织物材料粘接在加工后的轴承外圈内表面或内圈外表面上,然后利用特殊成型工艺将内外圈合套后形成关节轴承胚件,最后通过精密机械加工制造出自润滑关节轴承。随着航空系统对自润滑关节轴承性能和可靠性要求的不断提高,以织物型复合材料作为耐磨衬垫的自润滑关节轴承,已不能完全满足工况应用要求,具体包括:外圈内表面的形位公差难以精确控制,使用过程中常出现衬垫磨损不均匀、衬垫边缘脱落等现象;不均匀的内外圈配合间隙导致轴承的启动力矩不稳定;内外圈合套成型工艺会损伤衬垫的机械强度和结合强度,不但制约了衬垫材料性能的发挥,而且降低了关节轴承的承载能力,影响了关节轴承的可靠性和使用寿命。
随着材料新技术的发展,美国Kamatics、RBC以及NHBB等航空轴承公司已相继开发出以增强高分子材料作为耐磨衬垫的新型自润滑关节轴承代替织物型衬垫关节轴承,不但具有良好的抗承载能力和耐磨性,而且可实现衬垫与外圈内表面或内圈外表面的良好结合;以此技术制造的关节轴承启动力矩小、运行过程摩擦系数稳定,衬垫厚度可灵活调控,克服了织物衬垫型自润滑轴承存在的不足,满足航空工业多种工况的不同技术要求。
目前,关节轴承用高性能自润滑耐磨衬垫材料技术得到了迅速发展。专利US4006051涉及了一种轴承用低摩擦薄层衬垫材料制备方法,以大孔隙玻璃纤维、金属纤维或高分子纤维织物作为背衬层,以小空隙聚四氟乙烯纤维织物作为润滑层,利用热固性树脂充分浸渍背衬层织物和润滑层织物,利用热压工艺进行材料复合成型,制备出满足航空自润滑关节轴承要求的低摩擦薄层衬垫材料。专利US4053665涉及了一种模塑型自润滑关节轴承的制造方法,在关节轴承内外圈之间预留出型腔间隙,在内圈外表面上涂覆隔离剂,在外圈上开设注射流道,通过注射成型含有聚四氟乙烯的热固性丙烯酸树脂,制造出自润滑关节轴承。此方法的缺点在于,关节轴承外圈上的流道降低了关节轴承的承载能力,一定程度上限制了轴承的广泛应用。
除上述自润滑复合材料外,自润滑高分子涂层也可应用于滑动轴承领域。专利US6284322涉及一种低摩擦涂层材料应用于航空轴承中,主要由60wt%~95wt%的耐高温环氧树脂、1wt%~30wt%二硫化钼和1wt%~20wt%的聚酰亚胺粉末组成,以上组合物质分散在丁酮和丙二醇单甲醚的混合溶剂中,喷涂在金属表面后在200℃~260℃固化1~3小时。专利CN107936768A公开了一种粘结固体润滑涂料及自润滑关节轴承制备方法,该涂料由环氧树脂、固化剂、聚四氟乙烯、二硫化钼和氟碳表面活性剂复配组成;将粘结固体润滑涂料涂覆在关节轴承内圈外表面上形成固体润滑涂层,装配后的自润滑关节轴承具有较低的摩擦系数、磨损量和摩擦温度,大幅改善了关节轴承的摩擦学性能。上述方法制备的自润滑关节轴承虽然具有较低的摩擦系数,但是由于涂层厚度较薄、承载能力较弱,导致自润滑关节轴承在高载荷的耐磨寿命不足,制约了其在航空工业领域的广泛应用。
专利CN105733408B公开了一种用于关节轴承的自润滑涂层及其制备方法,所述的自润滑涂层主要包括:环氧树脂、含氟环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、含氟树枝状高分子、溶剂、硅烷偶联剂、填料、固化促进剂、表面活性剂。主要采用的制备方法为,将酚醛树脂溶于有机溶剂中,搅拌后得到透明溶液,在溶液中加入环氧树脂和含氟环氧树脂、搅拌后依次加入含氟树枝状高分子、硅烷偶联剂、无机填料、固化促进剂和表面活性剂,搅拌后得到含氟自润滑涂层胶料,将含氟自润滑涂层胶料刮涂在衬垫上,将衬垫烘干,再粘接在处理过的金属平板上进行固化,即得用于关节轴承的自润滑涂层。上述方法制备的自润滑涂层材料具有良好的减摩性能,可是关节轴承的服役寿命很大程度上依赖于长纤维织物衬垫的承载能力和耐磨性,内外圈合套成型工艺对衬垫材料机械强度和结合强度的损伤依然未得到有效解决。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种性能优异的航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供该航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料的应用。
为解决上述问题,本发明所述的一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,其特征在于:该材料按重量百分比计由以下组分混合均匀制得:聚丙烯酸酯树脂20%~77%、增韧剂5%~11%、短切纤维增强剂10%~70%、固体润滑剂5%~20%;所述聚丙烯酸酯树脂由丙烯酸酯单体、引发剂和促进剂组成;所述丙烯酸酯单体按重量百分比计由以下组分混合均匀制得:四官能度丙烯酸酯单体60%~80%,三官能度丙烯酸酯单体10%~50%,二官能度丙烯酸酯单体10%;所述引发剂的用量为所述丙烯酸酯单体重量的0.2%~0.7%;所述促进剂的用量为所述丙烯酸酯单体重量的0.2%~0.7%。
所述四官能度丙烯酸酯单体是指2-三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯(DI-TMPTA),其分子链结构为:
所述三官能度丙烯酸酯单体是指三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)或季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA);其分子链结构为:
所述二官能度丙烯酸酯单体是指乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)或乙氧化双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯(BPA2EODMA);其分子链结构为:
所述引发剂是指有机过氧化物,该有机过氧化物为过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)或过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)。
所述促进剂是指N,N-二甲基对甲苯胺(DMPT)或二乙基苯胺(DEA)。
所述增韧剂是指乙烯基封端的丁腈橡胶(VPBN),其室温环境下的粘度为1×105至5×105CP,玻璃化转变温度小于-45℃。
所述短切纤维增强剂是指玻璃纤维、碳纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种或两种,其长度为30μm~80μm。
所述固体润滑剂是指聚四氟乙烯、石墨、二硫化钼中的一种或两种,其粒径为10μm以下。
如上所述的一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料的应用,其特征在于:首先将关节轴承的不锈钢440C内圈和17-4PH外圈装配预留间隙后,置入相应的模具中;然后将自润滑衬垫材料装入注射胶枪中的胶管中,利用注射胶枪进行注射成型,同时控制注射压力为0.5M±0.2Pa,保压时间5s~20s;其次,将模具置入压力容器中,充入氮气,保持气体压力为0.5MPa~2.5MPa,加热容器至温度为55℃~115℃,保温时间60min~240min后降至室温;最后,将关节轴承置入烘箱,加热至165℃~195℃,保温24小时以上,随炉冷却至室温即可。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、本发明中的聚丙烯酸酯树脂主要利用丙烯酸酯单体通过链引发、链增长以及链终止反应实现本体聚合,获得具有优异物理机械性能的衬垫基体材料。
2、本发明中的丙烯酸酯单体由四官能度丙烯酸酯单体、三官能度丙烯酸酯单体、二官能度丙烯酸酯单体组成,利用具有多种不同官能度的丙烯酸酯单体,经过分子链引发实现本体聚合。
3、本发明利用有机过氧化物作为引发剂,利用有机胺作为促进剂,共同组成氧化还原体系对分子链进行链引发、链增长以及链终止反应。
4、经测试,本发明自润滑衬垫材料的硬度≥85HRM,压缩模量≥2.0GPa。以该衬垫材料制备的自润滑关节轴承,在静载荷为450MPa下,衬垫的压缩永久变形≤0.075mm。
5、本发明自润滑衬垫材料可通过注射成型在关节轴承的外圈和内圈间隙中,制备具有良好的承载能力和耐磨寿命的航空自润滑关节轴承。含有本发明所述衬垫材料的自润滑关节轴承在室温环境下,240MPa动载荷,±25°角度,10次/分钟的摆动工况条件下经历25000次考核,磨损深度≤0.11mm,如图2所示。因此,本发明自润滑衬垫材料可以满足航空飞机机体、襟副翼、起落架等摆动运动下的耐磨性和服役寿命。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1为含有本发明所述自润滑衬垫材料的自润滑关节轴承。
图中:1-外圈,2-内圈,3-自润滑衬垫材料。
图2为含有本发明所述自润滑衬垫材料的自润滑关节轴承摩擦磨损性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1 一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,该材料由聚丙烯酸酯树脂71g、增韧剂18g、短切纤维增强剂244g、固体润滑剂18g混合均匀制得。
具体方法如下:依次称取56g DI-TMPTA,7g TMPTMA,7g EDMA后,在真空混合机中进行均匀混合10min,加入VPBN 18g后继续混合10min,再加入0.5g BPO搅拌混合10min,进行真空抽滤,控制真空度为0.080MPa~0.085MPa,然后依次加入碳纤维244g,聚四氟乙烯粉18g,继续搅拌抽真空30min后加入DMPT 0.5g,混合10min后取出即得。
该自润滑衬垫材料的应用:
首先将关节轴承的不锈钢440C内圈1和17-4PH外圈2装配预留间隙后,置入相应的模具中;然后将所得自润滑衬垫材料3装入注射胶枪中的胶管中,利用注射胶枪进行注射成型,同时控制注射压力为0.5M±0.2Pa,注射完毕后保持压力20s;其次,将模具置入密封压力容器中,充入氮气,保持气体压力为1.5MPa,加热容器至温度为110℃±5℃,保温时间60min后降至室温;最后,将关节轴承置入烘箱,加热至180℃±5℃,保温24小时以上,随炉冷却至室温即可,如图1所示。
实施例2 一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,该材料由聚丙烯酸酯树脂271 g、增韧剂18 g、短切纤维增强剂36 g、固体润滑剂26 g,混合均匀制得。
具体方法如下:依次称取216g DI-TMPTA,27g PETA,27g BPA2EODMA后,在真空混合机中进行均匀混合10min,加入VPBN 18g后继续混合10min,再加入0.5g BPO搅拌混合10min,进行真空抽滤,控制真空度为0.080MPa~0.085MPa,然后依次加入玻璃纤维36g,二硫化钼粉26g,继续搅拌抽真空30min后加入0.5g DMPT,混合10min后取出即得。
该自润滑衬垫材料的应用:
首先将关节轴承的不锈钢440C内圈1和17-4PH外圈2装配预留间隙后,置入相应的模具中;然后将所得自润滑衬垫材料3装入注射胶枪中的胶管中,利用注射胶枪进行注射成型,同时控制注射压力为0.5M±0.2Pa,注射完毕后保持压力20s;其次,将模具置入密封压力容器中,充入氮气,保持气体压力为1.5MPa,加热容器至温度为100℃±5℃,保温时间240min后降至室温;最后,将关节轴承置入烘箱,加热至170℃±5℃,保温24小时以上,随炉冷却至室温即可,如图1所示。
实施例3 一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,该材料由聚丙烯酸酯树脂176g、增韧剂40g、短切纤维增强剂65g、固体润滑剂70g,混合均匀制得。
具体方法如下:依次称取123g DI-TMPTA,34g TMPTMA,18g EDMA后,在真空混合机中进行均匀混合10min,加入VPBN 40g后继续混合10min,再加入0.5g BPO搅拌混合10min,进行真空抽滤,控制真空度为0.080MPa~0.085MPa,然后依次加入芳纶纤维65g,石墨粉70g,继续搅拌抽真空30min后加入0.5g DMPT,混合10min后取出即得。
该自润滑衬垫材料的应用:
首先将关节轴承的不锈钢440C内圈1和17-4PH外圈2装配预留间隙后,置入相应的模具中;然后将所得自润滑衬垫材料3装入注射胶枪中的胶管中,利用注射胶枪进行注射成型,同时控制注射压力为0.5M±0.2Pa,注射完毕后保持压力15s;其次,将模具置入密封压力容器中,充入氮气,保持气体压力为2.5MPa,加热容器至温度为80℃±5℃,保温时间240min后降至室温;最后,将关节轴承置入烘箱,加热至170℃±5℃,保温24小时以上,随炉冷却至室温即可,如图1所示。
实施例4 一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,该材料由聚丙烯酸酯树脂201g、增韧剂40g、短切纤维增强剂200g、固体润滑剂30g混合均匀制得。
具体方法如下:依次称取120g DI-TMPTA,60g PETA,20g EDMA后,在真空混合机中进行均匀混合10min,加入VPBN 40g后继续混合10min,再加入0.5g DCP搅拌混合10min,进行真空抽滤,控制真空度为0.080MPa~0.085MPa,然后依次加入玻璃纤维200g,聚四氟乙烯粉30g,继续搅拌抽真空30min后加入0.5g DEA,混合10min后取出即得。
该自润滑衬垫材料的应用:
首先将关节轴承的不锈钢440C内圈1和17-4PH外圈2装配预留间隙后,置入相应的模具中;然后将自润滑衬垫材料3装入注射胶枪中的胶管中,利用注射胶枪进行注射成型,同时控制注射压力为0.5M±0.2Pa,注射完毕后保持压力5s;其次,将模具置入密封压力容器中,充入氮气,保持气体压力为0.5MPa,加热容器至温度为60℃±5℃,保温时间180min后降至室温;最后,将关节轴承置入烘箱,加热至190℃±5℃,保温24小时以上,随炉冷却至室温即可,如图1所示。
上述实施例1~4中的增韧剂是指乙烯基封端的丁腈橡胶(VPBN)。
短切纤维增强剂是指玻璃纤维、碳纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种或两种,其长度为30μm~80μm。
固体润滑剂是指聚四氟乙烯、石墨、二硫化钼中的一种或两种,其粒径为10μm以下。
Claims (5)
1.一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,其特征在于:该材料按重量百分比计由以下组分混合均匀制得:聚丙烯酸酯树脂20%~77%、增韧剂5%~11%、短切纤维增强剂10%~70%、固体润滑剂5%~20%;所述聚丙烯酸酯树脂由丙烯酸酯单体、引发剂和促进剂组成;所述丙烯酸酯单体按重量百分比计由以下组分混合均匀制得:四官能度丙烯酸酯单体60%~80%,三官能度丙烯酸酯单体10%~30%,二官能度丙烯酸酯单体10%;所述引发剂的用量为所述丙烯酸酯单体重量的0.2%~0.7%;所述促进剂的用量为所述丙烯酸酯单体重量的0.2%~0.7%;所述四官能度丙烯酸酯单体是指2-三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯;所述三官能度丙烯酸酯单体是指三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯或季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯;所述二官能度丙烯酸酯单体是指乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯或乙氧化双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯;所述引发剂是指有机过氧化物,该有机过氧化物为过氧化二苯甲酰或过氧化二异丙苯;所述促进剂是指N,N-二甲基对甲苯胺或二乙基苯胺。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,其特征在于:所述增韧剂是指乙烯基封端的丁腈橡胶。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,其特征在于:所述短切纤维增强剂是指玻璃纤维、碳纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种或两种,其长度为30μm~80μm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料,其特征在于:所述固体润滑剂是指聚四氟乙烯、石墨、二硫化钼中的一种或两种,其粒径为10μm以下。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种航空关节轴承用自润滑衬垫材料的应用,其特征在于:首先将关节轴承的不锈钢440C内圈和17-4PH外圈装配预留间隙后,置入相应的模具中;然后将自润滑衬垫材料装入注射胶枪中的胶管中,利用注射胶枪进行注射成型,同时控制注射压力为0.5M±0.2Pa,保压时间5s~20s;其次,将模具置入压力容器中,充入氮气,保持气体压力为0.5MPa~2.5MPa,加热容器至温度为55℃~115℃,保温时间60min~240min后降至室温;最后,将关节轴承置入烘箱,加热至165℃~195℃,保温24小时以上,随炉冷却至室温即可。
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