CN111890769A - 一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- polylactic acid
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Abstract
本发明属于高分子材料包装技术领域，特别涉及一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法。通过三层膜结构设计达到外防病原体污染食品、污染包装物，内防有害物质滋生，保持食品原始风味、抗菌、延长保质期的目的。通过对聚乳酸膜的成分改造，三层膜结构的敷贴、粘合工艺设计，从食品包装源头进行污染物、病原体的阻断、阻隔、防治，降低食品的保鲜处理成本、运输成本及风险防控，提高食品的综合价值，提高经济效益、社会、环保效益。本产品绿色、安全、可降解，完全可以替代现有聚乙烯保鲜膜，推广应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料包装技术领域，特别涉及一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国绿色环保理念的深入，抗菌保鲜包装技术也有了快速的发展。国内目前市场上的主流保鲜膜产品一般是由不可降解的聚合物制成，如：聚乙烯等产品，不环保，功能单一，不能满足市场多元化、环保绿色理念的要求。一些可降解的保鲜膜产品，保鲜、抗菌方面也有待提高，且一般为单层膜或双层膜，在外防病原体污染、内防有害物质滋生方面能力不足。研究开发一种满足食品包装要求，外防病原体污染、内防有害物质滋生，有保鲜、抗菌、延长保质期性能的多层复合保鲜膜产品就迫在眉睫。
本发明技术就是以外防病原体污染、内防有害物质滋生为理念，通过三层膜结构设计达到外防细菌、病毒等病原体污染食品、污染包装物，内防有害物质滋生，保持食品原始风味、抗菌、延长保质期的目的。通过对聚乳酸膜的成分改造，三层膜结构的敷贴、粘合工艺设计，从食品包装源头进行污染物、病原体的阻断、阻隔、防治，降低食品的保鲜处理成本、运输成本及风险防控，提高食品的综合价值，经济效益、社会、环保效益显著。
发明内容
本发明属于高分子材料包装技术领域，特别涉及一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法。本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的上述不足，提供一种结构简单、方便操作、高效化，多功能化，适用于冷却肉、新鲜果蔬、风味食品等的绿色可降解的一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料。本发明采用的技术方案为：一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法，它是由三层膜通过敷贴或粘合或喷涂组合而成；所述的三层膜是以植物基纳米纤维素聚乳酸膜作为抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料的基材，在其上面敷贴防止病原体污染的外层保护膜，在其另一面内侧敷贴抗菌、保鲜膜；所述的抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料基材的制备，采用棉花纤维或玉米秸秆纤维或麦草纤维及其衍生物纳米纤维素作为成核剂和增韧剂引入到聚乳酸基体中，通过共混、熔融、吹塑制得植物基纳米纤维素聚乳酸膜；所述的棉花纤维或玉米秸秆纤维或麦草纤维经过表面改性或纤维预处理或偶联剂改性或接枝改性处理，引入到聚乳酸基体中；所述的改性处理剂为氨基硅烷偶联剂或多巴胺或酸酐，质量占比为0.1-5%；所述的外层保护膜，以聚乳酸添加无机抗菌物质螯合而成；所述的无机抗菌物质为纳米银或纳米铜或纳米二氧化钛或纳米氧化锌，处理工艺为挤压成型或流延成型，质量占比0.1-6%；所述的内侧敷贴抗菌、保鲜膜为一层生物聚合物组成，所述的生物聚合物由玉米淀粉糖浆、甘油、纤维素螯合而成；所述的生物聚合物中添加有有机广谱抗菌化合物，所述的广谱抗菌化合物为精氨酸月桂酸酯或肉桂醛或丙烯酸-丙烯酸羟丙酯共聚物或茶多酚或葡萄柚精油，质量占比0.2-35%；所述的三层膜之间用改性淀粉敷贴或紫外线固化或挤压成型。
本发明的主要目标为：⑴实现保鲜膜的绿色、环保，可降解，方便工厂化、一体化生产；⑵实现保鲜膜的外防细菌、病毒等病原体污染食品、污染包装物，内防有害物质滋生，保持食品原始风味、抗菌、延长保质期的目的；⑶从食品包装源头进行污染物、病原体的阻断、阻隔、防治，降低食品的保鲜处理成本、运输成本及风险防控，提高食品的综合价值，提高经济效益、社会、环保效益。
本发明的有益效果：1、系统设计了三层膜式结构，方便各膜层的功能发挥，可以起到外防病原体污染，内防有害物质滋生，保持食品原始风味、抗菌、延长保质期的目的；2、系统外层膜采用无机抗菌物质，内层采用有机无毒、广谱抗菌素物质保证食品安全，保证食品保鲜、延长保质期，减少有害物质对食品的污染；3、系统采用可降解的聚乳酸材料作为保鲜膜的基础材料，通过加入植物基纳米纤维素不仅能提高聚乳酸复合材料的结晶性能、热稳定性和降解性等，还能赋予聚乳酸复合材料抗菌性、保鲜性、超疏水和阻隔性等新的性能，使得一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料成为绿色、安全、可降解的环保材料，完全可以替代现行聚乙烯保鲜膜。本发明结构合理，适合推广使用。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效，但本发明的实施方式并不受以下实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
具体实施方式一：一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法，其特征是：它是由三层膜通过敷贴或粘合或喷涂组合而成；所述的三层膜是以植物基纳米纤维素聚乳酸膜作为抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料的基材，在其上面敷贴防止病原体污染的外层保护膜，在其另一面内侧敷贴抗菌、保鲜膜；所述的抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料基材的制备，采用棉花纤维或玉米秸秆纤维或麦草纤维及其衍生物纳米纤维素作为成核剂和增韧剂引入到聚乳酸基体中，通过共混、熔融、吹塑制得植物基纳米纤维素聚乳酸膜；所述的棉花纤维或玉米秸秆纤维或麦草纤维经过表面改性或纤维预处理或偶联剂改性或接枝改性处理，引入到聚乳酸基体中；所述的改性处理剂为氨基硅烷偶联剂或多巴胺或酸酐，质量占比为0.1-5%；所述的外层保护膜，以聚乳酸添加无机抗菌物质螯合而成；所述的无机抗菌物质为纳米银或纳米铜或纳米二氧化钛或纳米氧化锌，处理工艺为挤压成型或流延成型，质量占比0.1-6%；所述的内侧敷贴抗菌、保鲜膜为一层生物聚合物组成，所述的生物聚合物由玉米淀粉糖浆、甘油、纤维素螯合而成；所述的生物聚合物中添加有有机广谱抗菌化合物，所述的广谱抗菌化合物为精氨酸月桂酸酯或肉桂醛或丙烯酸-丙烯酸羟丙酯共聚物或茶多酚或葡萄柚精油，质量占比0.2-35%；所述的三层膜之间用改性淀粉敷贴或紫外线固化或挤压成型。
具体实施方式二：
根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法，其特征是：所述的外层保护膜能撕下。
具体实施方式三：
根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法，其特征是：所述外层保护膜膜体为纤维素多孔膜，所述纤维素多孔膜的孔径为50-500nm。
具体实施方式四：
根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法，其特征是：所述的内侧敷贴抗菌、保鲜膜为涂覆有纳米胶囊化抗菌物质的膜。
Claims (4)
1.一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法，其特征是：它是由三层膜通过敷贴或粘合或喷涂组合而成；所述的三层膜是以植物基纳米纤维素聚乳酸膜作为抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料的基材，在其上面敷贴防止病原体污染的外层保护膜，在其另一面内侧敷贴抗菌、保鲜膜；所述的抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料基材的制备，采用棉花纤维或玉米秸秆纤维或麦草纤维及其衍生物纳米纤维素作为成核剂和增韧剂引入到聚乳酸基体中，通过共混、熔融、吹塑制得植物基纳米纤维素聚乳酸膜；所述的棉花纤维或玉米秸秆纤维或麦草纤维经过表面改性或纤维预处理或偶联剂改性或接枝改性处理，引入到聚乳酸基体中；所述的改性处理剂为氨基硅烷偶联剂或多巴胺或酸酐，质量占比为0.1-5%；所述的外层保护膜，以聚乳酸添加无机抗菌物质螯合而成；所述的无机抗菌物质为纳米银或纳米铜或纳米二氧化钛或纳米氧化锌，处理工艺为挤压成型或流延成型，质量占比0.1-6%；所述的内侧敷贴抗菌、保鲜膜为一层生物聚合物组成，所述的生物聚合物由玉米淀粉糖浆、甘油、纤维素螯合而成；所述的生物聚合物中添加有有机广谱抗菌化合物，所述的广谱抗菌化合物为精氨酸月桂酸酯或肉桂醛或丙烯酸-丙烯酸羟丙酯共聚物或茶多酚或葡萄柚精油，质量占比0.2-35%；所述的三层膜之间用改性淀粉敷贴或紫外线固化或挤压成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法，其特征是：所述的外层保护膜能撕下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法，其特征是：所述外层保护膜膜体为纤维素多孔膜，所述纤维素多孔膜的孔径为50-500nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌复合聚乳酸保鲜膜材料及其制备方法，其特征是：所述的内侧敷贴抗菌、保鲜膜为涂覆有纳米胶囊化抗菌物质的膜。
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