CN113265765A - 一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN113265765A
CN113265765A CN202110540489.1A CN202110540489A CN113265765A CN 113265765 A CN113265765 A CN 113265765A CN 202110540489 A CN202110540489 A CN 202110540489A CN 113265765 A CN113265765 A CN 113265765A
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梅林玉
陈婕
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North University of China
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法及应用，涉及食品包装领域。该纤维膜由三层复合而成，分别由内控释层、中间活性薄膜层和外阻隔层组成。内外层是由可降解材料构成的纳米纤维膜，中间层是由可降解材料和活性物质共同构成的纤维膜。该制备方法是采用静电纺丝法依次纺丝后，通过铝箔进行收集，鼓风干燥后得到多层复合纤维膜。本发明的多层复合纤维膜结构简单、原料来源广泛、控释层和阻隔层结构可控，具有缓释性能，可将活性物质缓慢释放到食品表面以延长食品货架期，可应用于食品包装。

Description

一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明属于食品包装领域，更具体地，涉及一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
塑料作为普遍使用的食品包装材料带来的环境压力日益严重，为了强化环境保护意识，树立可持续发展观，研究具有保鲜性能、可生物降解的食品包装材料具有重要意义。此外，传统食品包装膜中活性物质释放速率不可控，且周期较短。多层复合控释技术可以将活性物质缓慢从包装膜中释放，可长时间保持包装内所需活性剂的浓度，从而达到延长食品货架期的目的，多层膜由内控释层、中间活性薄膜层和外阻隔层组成，内层用于控制活性物质的扩散速率，中间层为活性物质层，外层防止活性物质的外渗损失。
静电纺丝纤维具有纳米直径、可调控的纤维形态、多孔结构、比表面积高、释放控制好、包封率高、稳定性高等优点，在食品包装应用中可作为控释载体，通过调节孔径控制其释放速率。
发明内容
为解决食品包装膜中活性物质持续释放周期较短的问题，本发明提出了一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，该复合纤维膜具有良好的力学性能、抗氧化性能，同时纤维膜易降解可缓解环境污染问题。。
为实现上述目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，制备纺丝溶液：将可降解材料、可降解材料与活性物质共混分别溶于溶剂中，并在磁力搅拌器上搅拌均匀，得到纺丝溶液；
步骤2，静电纺丝：将步骤1所得的纺丝溶液装入带有喷丝头的容器中，按照内层、中间层、外层的顺序依次进行纺丝，用同一铝箔接收装置进行收集，得到覆在铝箔表面的多层纤维膜；
步骤3，复合：将步骤2所得的多层纤维膜从铝箔板上揭下，鼓风干燥，充分蒸发溶剂，得到多层复合纤维膜。
优选的，所述步骤1中可降解材料为聚乳酸；活性物质为茶多酚；纺丝溶液为聚乳酸溶液与聚乳酸-茶多酚混合溶液；溶剂为二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶剂。
优选的，所述聚乳酸溶液的质量浓度为5％-10％；所述聚乳酸-茶多酚混合溶液中茶多酚占聚乳酸干质量的5％-20％；所述混合溶剂中二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为7:3。
优选的，所述步骤1中搅拌速度为1000-2000r/min，搅拌时间为3-4h。
优选的，所述步骤2中内、外层为聚乳酸纤维，中间层为聚乳酸-茶多酚复合纤维。
优选的，所述步骤2中静电纺丝条件为：纺丝电压为12-18kV，流速为0.1-0.5mL/h，接收距离为15-20cm。
优选的，内、外层纺丝液体积分别为0.5-1.5mL，中间层纺丝液体积为2.5-4mL。
优选的，所述步骤3中干燥温度为40-50℃，干燥时间为6-12h。
由以上所述的制备方法制得的缓释型多层复合纤维膜由三层构成，其中内层为控释层，中间层为活性薄膜层，外层为阻隔层。
本发明还提供了上述缓释型多层复合纤维膜在食品包装领域中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)纤维膜结构可控：采用静电纺丝的方法，通过控制静电纺丝参数、调整收丝装置，制备出具有高比表面积和多孔网络结构的纤维膜，实现活性物质的超高负载，并且活性物质均匀分布与薄膜表面作用于食品表面时效果更均衡；
(2)持久的活性效应：通过调整内外层纺丝液容量，改变控释层和阻隔层孔径从而对活性物质的释放起到抑制作用，延长活性物质的持续释放周期，进而有效延长食品货架期；
(3)抗菌抗氧化：中间活性物质具有极强的抗氧化作用，同时对葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌等有抑制作用，可以对食品起到抗菌抗氧化作用；
(4)可降解无污染：成膜基体聚乳酸是环境友好型材料，可在自然条件下降解，作为食品包装膜对环境无污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例所得的缓释型多层复合纤维膜的示意图；
图2为本发明中聚乳酸的红外光谱图；
图3为本发明中茶多酚的红外光谱图；
图4为本发明缓释型多层复合纤维膜1的扫描电子显微镜照片；
图5为缓释型多层复合纤维膜中茶多酚在不同食品模拟液中的累积释放率图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例中聚乳酸的红外光谱图如图2所示，聚乳酸在3500cm-1处的峰值是由于O-H拉伸振动引起的；1456cm-1处为C-H的弯曲振动峰；酯基的C＝O伸缩振动反映在1757cm-1；1130、1089和1036cm-1处的峰值代表不对称的C-O-C拉伸振动。
实施例中茶多酚的红外光谱图如图3所示，3400cm-1处的特征峰归因于-OH的伸缩振动，1693cm-1处为C＝O伸缩振动引起；1612cm-1处为芳香环中的C＝C伸缩振动引起；酚经基中-OH伸缩振动在1340-1200cm-1处体现；乙醚基中C-O-C伸缩振动反映在1143cm-1处。
实施例1
请参阅图1所示，一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：称取一定量的聚乳酸于二氯甲烷(DCM)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合溶剂中，其中二氯甲烷(DCM)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合比为7:3(w/w)，用实验室封口膜将烧杯密封防止溶剂挥发，在磁力搅拌器上以1000r/min的速度搅拌6h，制备得到质量分数为6％的PLA纺丝液；
按照聚乳酸干质量的20％加入茶多酚，超声搅拌20min后置于磁力搅拌器上以800r/min的速度搅拌2h使其充分混合，静置脱泡得到聚乳酸/茶多酚混合纺丝液。
步骤2：将纺丝液移入10mL注射器中，在15kV的电压下，置于微量双头注射泵上以流速0.3mL/h进行喷丝，并依次纺外层(聚乳酸)、中间层(聚乳酸/茶多酚)、内层(聚乳酸)，接收距离为18cm，空气湿度低于40％，内、外层纺丝液体积分别为0.5mL，中间层纺丝液体积为2.5mL，用铝箔板接收纳米纤维。
步骤3：将步骤2接收完成的多层复合纳米纤维完整揭下，置于电热鼓风干燥箱中下，在45℃下干燥6h，即得缓释型多层复合纤维膜1。
缓释型多层复合纤维膜1电镜图如图4所示，可以看出，溶液的可纺性良好，纤维直径分布均匀，具有良好的表面形貌，同时纤维空间上具有无数纳米孔隙，可以起到控制活性物质释放的效果。
实施例2
一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：称取一定量的聚乳酸于二氯甲烷(DCM)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合溶剂中，其中二氯甲烷(DCM)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合比为7:3(w/w)，用实验室封口膜将烧杯密封防止溶剂挥发，在磁力搅拌器上以1000r/min的速度搅拌6h，制备得到质量分数为6％的PLA纺丝液；
按照聚乳酸干质量的20％加入茶多酚，超声搅拌20min后置于磁力搅拌器上以800r/min的速度搅拌2h使其充分混合，静置脱泡得到聚乳酸/茶多酚混合纺丝液。
步骤2：将纺丝液移入10mL注射器中，在15kV的电压下，置于微量双头注射泵上以流速0.3mL/h进行喷丝，并依次纺外层(聚乳酸)、中间层(聚乳酸/茶多酚)、内层(聚乳酸)，接收距离为18cm，空气湿度低于40％，内、外层纺丝液体积分别为1mL，中间层纺丝液体积为2.5mL，用铝箔板接收纳米纤维。
步骤3：将步骤2接收完成的多层复合纳米纤维完整揭下，置于电热鼓风干燥箱中下，在45℃下干燥6h，即得缓释型多层复合纤维膜2。
实施例3
一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：称取一定量的聚乳酸于二氯甲烷(DCM)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合溶剂中，其中二氯甲烷(DCM)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合比为7:3(w/w)，用实验室封口膜将烧杯密封防止溶剂挥发，在磁力搅拌器上以1000r/min的速度搅拌6h，制备得到质量分数为6％的PLA纺丝液；
按照聚乳酸干质量的20％加入茶多酚，超声搅拌20min后置于磁力搅拌器上以800r/min的速度搅拌2h使其充分混合，静置脱泡得到聚乳酸/茶多酚混合纺丝液。
步骤2：将纺丝液移入10mL注射器中，在15kV的电压下，置于微量双头注射泵上以流速0.3mL/h进行喷丝，并依次纺外层(聚乳酸)、中间层(聚乳酸/茶多酚)、内层(聚乳酸)，接收距离为18cm，空气湿度低于40％，内、外层纺丝液体积分别为1.5mL，中间层纺丝液体积为2.5mL，用铝箔板接收纳米纤维。
步骤3：将步骤2接收完成的多层复合纳米纤维完整揭下，置于电热鼓风干燥箱中下，在45℃下干燥6h，即得缓释型多层复合纤维膜3。
测试例1
将实例1～实例3制备的缓释型多层复合纤维膜进行性能测试，所得数据记录如表1所示。
指标 实例1 实例2 实例3
拉伸强度(MPa) 8.73±2.46 8.97±1.94 9.59±2.98
断裂伸长率(％) 24.47±11.58 26.84±14.38 43.11±8.11
溶胀率(％) 224.95±4.25 216.73±5.32 185.22±4.63
DPPH自由基清除率(％) 90.11±2.36 88.29±1.58 87.81±3.39
表1缓释型多层复合纤维膜的性能参数表
通过数据分析，本方法制备的3种缓释型多层复合纤维膜力学性能较好，抗氧化能力较优。
测试例2
将实例1～实例3制备的缓释型多层复合纤维膜进行缓释试验，具体如下：
(1)以水和50％乙醇作为水性和含酒精类的食品模拟液。缓释实验采用浸泡法，首先分别配置三组水、50％乙醇的食品模拟液50mL置于棕色广口玻璃瓶中，随后将三种复合薄膜样品裁剪成40mm 40mm大小，每组取10片薄膜样品加入到50mL食品模拟液中，置于电热鼓风干燥箱中以25℃密封保存。
(2)间隔一定时间(2h、3h、6h、24h、48h、120h、240h、480h)从中移取0.5mL模拟液，采用福林酚法测定其吸光度值，并补足待测液。每组测三个平行样，取平均值，经计算得到食品模拟物中茶多酚的累积释放百分比。
如图5所示为缓释型多层复合纤维膜中茶多酚在不同食品模拟液中的累积释放率图。在向不同食品模拟液中释放茶多酚的过程中，初期释放速率较快，随后释放速率逐渐减小；持续释放周期随着内外层厚度的增加而增大，在内外阻隔层的作用下，茶多酚需要通过外层不同孔隙的聚乳酸纤维膜后再释放到食品模拟液中，随着外层聚乳酸纺丝液的增加阻隔层厚度增大，聚乳酸纤维堆叠层数增多，孔隙也随之减小，这使得茶多酚的持续释放周期明显加长。因此，多层复合结构使得薄膜中的活性物质茶多酚达到了缓慢释放的效果，抗氧化剂的持续释出有助于改善包装食品品质。
测试例3
将实例3制备的缓释型多层复合纤维膜3对草莓进行包装，具体如下：
(1)将在当地农贸市场购买新鲜草莓并剔除病果，选用大小相近、成熟程度相同的草莓进行保鲜试验，实验膜直接包裹在草莓表面使其完全覆盖，实验组为缓释型多层复合纤维膜3，对照组为市场现售PE保鲜膜，空白组为无包装膜，实验结果如表2所示。
Figure BDA0003071530580000081
表2草莓保鲜效果
结果可知，本发明缓释型多层复合纤维膜对草莓有优于PE保鲜膜的保鲜效果。
本发明提供了一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法的思路及方法，该复合膜结构可控，具有缓释效果，对环境无污染。具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (10)

1.一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，制备纺丝溶液：将可降解材料、可降解材料与活性物质共混分别溶于溶剂中，并在磁力搅拌器上搅拌均匀，得到纺丝溶液；
步骤2，静电纺丝：将步骤1所得的纺丝溶液装入带有喷丝头的容器中，按照内层、中间层、外层的顺序依次进行纺丝，用同一铝箔接收装置进行收集，得到覆在铝箔表面的多层纤维膜；
步骤3，复合：将步骤2所得的多层纤维膜从铝箔板上揭下，鼓风干燥，充分蒸发溶剂，得到多层复合纤维膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中可降解材料为聚乳酸；活性物质为茶多酚；纺丝溶液为聚乳酸溶液与聚乳酸-茶多酚混合溶液；溶剂为二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚乳酸溶液的质量浓度为5％-10％；所述聚乳酸-茶多酚混合溶液中茶多酚占聚乳酸干质量的5％-20％；所述混合溶剂中二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为7:3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中搅拌速度为1000-2000r/min，搅拌时间为3-4h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中内、外层为聚乳酸纤维，中间层为聚乳酸-茶多酚复合纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中静电纺丝条件为：纺丝电压为12-18kV，流速为0.1-0.5mL/h，接收距离为15-20cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，内、外层纺丝液体积分别为0.5-1.5mL，中间层纺丝液体积为2.5-4mL。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中干燥温度为40-50℃，干燥时间为6-12h。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述制备方法制得的缓释型多层复合纤维膜，其特征在于，所述多层复合纤维膜由三层构成，其中内层为控释层，中间层为活性薄膜层，外层为阻隔层。
10.一种缓释型多层复合纤维膜的应用，其特征在于，所述多层复合纤维膜应用于食品包装中。
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