CN111890080B - Secondary alignment method for whole dense hole group - Google Patents
Secondary alignment method for whole dense hole group Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111890080B CN111890080B CN202010749894.XA CN202010749894A CN111890080B CN 111890080 B CN111890080 B CN 111890080B CN 202010749894 A CN202010749894 A CN 202010749894A CN 111890080 B CN111890080 B CN 111890080B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- holes
- hole group
- tube plate
- parallelogram
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
Abstract
A secondary alignment method for an integral dense hole group belongs to the technical field of machining, and aims to solve the problems that in the secondary alignment process of an existing heat exchanger tube plate hole group, if a guide pillar drill bit is adopted for single-hole alignment on a rocker arm drill, a guide pillar is prone to scratching a tube hole wall, the depth of a groove is uncontrollable based on the technical level of workers, efficiency is low, and labor intensity is high, and numerical control machines are adopted for aligning single holes one by one, so that alignment accuracy is high, single-hole alignment efficiency is too low, and the secondary alignment method is not suitable for the dense hole group. The invention comprises the following steps: s1, vertically placing the tube plate on a bent plate of a numerical control machine tool, and according to the depth errors (p, q) of the groove of the upper hole of the machined tube plate, selecting two points in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the tube plate to perform plane alignment; s2, selecting four holes from the hole group processed by the tube plate, wherein the central connecting lines of the four holes form a parallelogram; and S3, determining the coordinates of the centers of the four holes by using a three-dimensional measuring head on a numerical control machine tool. The invention is suitable for processing and aligning dense hole groups.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for aligning dense holes, and belongs to the technical field of machining.
Background
In recent years, the quality requirements of various large chemical design houses and owners on core heat exchange equipment in the chemical process flow are higher and higher, and especially the welding (pipe end welding for short) of a heat exchange pipe and a pipe plate, such as the requirement of RT flaw detection of a pipe end welding seam in a methanol reactor in a Dyer technology, the pipe end deep hole welding technology in a waste heat boiler and the like.
The quality of the pipe end welding greatly depends on the groove processing precision, namely the shape and the depth of the groove and the concentricity with the pipe hole. The existing process flow is that pipe holes are firstly machined on a deep hole drill to ensure the precision of a hole group, and then a groove is machined in a secondary alignment manner. In the past, the guide pillar drill bit is generally adopted to perform single-hole alignment on the rocker drill, but the guide pillar is easy to scratch the wall of the pipe hole, the depth of the groove is uncontrollable based on the technical level of workers, and meanwhile, the single-hole alignment efficiency is low and the labor intensity of the workers is high. The single holes are aligned one by one twice through a numerical control machine tool, the alignment precision is high, but the efficiency of the single holes is too low, and the method is not suitable for dense hole groups; if other holes are aligned and processed at one time for a single hole, the accumulated deviation of the holes is overlarge, and the out-of-tolerance is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the secondary alignment process of the tube plate hole group of the existing heat exchanger, if a guide pillar drill bit is adopted on a rocker drill for single-hole alignment, but a guide pillar is easy to scratch the wall of the tube hole, the depth of a groove is uncontrollable based on the technical level of workers, the efficiency is low, and the labor intensity is high, and single holes are aligned one by adopting a numerical control machine tool, the alignment precision is high, but the single-hole alignment efficiency is too low, so that the method is not suitable for dense hole groups; if other holes are aligned and processed for a single hole at one time, the accumulated deviation of the holes is overlarge, and the out-of-tolerance problem is caused, so that the integral secondary alignment method for the dense hole group is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a secondary overall alignment method for a dense hole group comprises the following steps: s1, vertically placing the tube plate on a bent plate of a numerical control machine tool, and selecting two points in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the tube plate for plane alignment according to the depth errors (p, q) of the groove of the upper hole of the machined tube plate;
s2, selecting four holes from the hole group processed by the tube plate, wherein the central connecting lines of the four holes form a parallelogram;
s3, determining coordinates of the centers of the four holes by using a three-dimensional measuring head on a numerical control machine tool, wherein the coordinates of the centers of the four holes are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2), C (x3, y3) and D (x4, y4) in sequence;
s4, calculating the coordinate (x, y) of the diagonal center point O of the parallelogram according to the coordinates of the four holes, namely
x＝(x1+x2+x3+x4)/4，y＝(y1+y2+y3+y4)/4；
S5, calculating an included angle theta between the central line of the parallelogram in the vertical direction and the y axis of the machine tool according to the coordinates of the central points of the four holes;
s6, when a hole group is machined, the numerical control program adopts a polar axis offset command, and the calculated included angle theta is substituted into the polar axis offset command;
s7, adjusting the axial hole feeding amount f according to the plane error a of the two points in the vertical direction in the step S1.
Preferably, when the included angle between two sides of the parallelogram is not equal to 90 °, the calculation formula of the included angle θ between the central line of the parallelogram in the vertical direction and the y-axis of the machine tool in step S5 is as follows:
θ1＝arctan((x3-x1)/(y1-y3))-60°；
θ2＝arctan((x4-x2)/(y2-y4))-60°；
The formula θ 1 and θ 2 are substituted into (θ 1+ θ 2)/2 to obtain an average value of θ.
Preferably, in step S7, the method of determining the hole axial feed amount is: the hole group is divided into n rows, wherein n is a/0.05, and the n is rounded up by rounding, and the axial hole feeding amount f is a/n.
Preferably, in step S1, the planar alignment error between two points in the horizontal direction of the tube sheet is less than or equal to | p |, and the planar alignment error between two points in the vertical direction of the tube sheet is less than or equal to | q |.
Preferably, when the included angle between two sides of the parallelogram is 90 °, and the parallelogram in step S5 is a square or a rectangle, the calculation formula of the included angle θ between the vertical center line of the parallelogram and the y-axis of the machine tool is:
θ1＝arctan((x3-x1)/(y1-y3))；
θ2＝arctan((x4-x2)/(y2-y4))；
the formula θ 1 and θ 2 are substituted into (θ 1+ θ 2)/2 to obtain an average value of θ.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the four-point center alignment method avoids the problems that the numerical control machine tool is low in single-hole alignment efficiency one by one, and the accumulated position error of only one single-hole alignment hole is large. Meanwhile, after the four-point center of the bronze drum is aligned once, the hole group can be processed together without being aligned again, and compared with manual alignment, the copper drum hole aligning device is high in efficiency and accurate in positioning precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a tubesheet;
fig. 2 is a positional relationship between the vertical direction center line of the parallelogram and the coordinate axes of the machine tool.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: the present example was carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed embodiment is given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment relates to a method for secondarily aligning a dense hole group as a whole, which includes the following steps:
s1, vertically placing the tube plate on a bent plate of a numerical control machine tool, and selecting two points in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the tube plate for plane alignment according to the depth errors (p, q) of the groove of the upper hole of the machined tube plate;
s2, selecting four holes from the hole group processed by the tube plate, wherein the central connecting lines of the four holes form a parallelogram;
s3, determining coordinates of the centers of the four holes by using a three-dimensional measuring head on a numerical control machine tool, wherein the coordinates of the centers of the four holes are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2), C (x3, y3) and D (x4, y4) in sequence;
s4, calculating the coordinate (x, y) of the diagonal center point O of the parallelogram according to the coordinates of the four holes, namely
x＝(x1+x2+x3+x4)/4，y＝(y1+y2+y3+y4)/4；
S5, calculating an included angle theta between the vertical central line of the parallelogram and the y axis of the machine tool according to the coordinates of the central points of the four holes;
S6, when the hole group is processed, substituting the calculated included angle theta into a polar axis offset command by a numerical control program by adopting the polar axis offset command;
s7, adjusting the axial feed amount f according to the plane error a of the two points in the vertical direction in the step S1.
Specifically, when the included angle between two sides of the parallelogram is not equal to 90 °, the calculation formula of the included angle θ between the vertical center line of the parallelogram and the y-axis of the machine tool in step S5 is as follows:
θ1＝arctan((x3-x1)/(y1-y3))-60°；
θ2＝arctan((x4-x2)/(y2-y4))-60°；
the formula θ 1 and θ 2 are substituted into (θ 1+ θ 2)/2 to obtain an average value of θ.
When the included angle between the two sides of the parallelogram is 90 degrees, and the parallelogram in the step S5 is a square or a rectangle, the calculation formula of the included angle θ between the vertical center line of the parallelogram and the y-axis of the machine tool is as follows:
θ1＝arctan((x3-x1)/(y1-y3))；
θ2＝arctan((x4-x2)/(y2-y4))；
the average value of θ is obtained by substituting θ 1 and θ 2 into the formula θ 1+ θ 2/2.
In step S7, the method of determining the hole axial feed amount includes: the hole group is divided into n rows, wherein the row number n is a/0.05, and the n is rounded up in a rounding mode, and the axial hole feeding amount f is a/n.
In step S1, the plane alignment error between two points in the horizontal direction of the tube sheet is less than or equal to | p |, and the plane alignment error between two points in the vertical direction of the tube sheet is less than or equal to | q |.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, after the tube plate is vertically placed on the bending plate of the numerical control machine tool, four points can be selected on the bending plate, two points 1 and 3 are selected in the horizontal direction, and two points 2 and 4 are selected in the vertical direction, as an embodiment of the present invention, the allowable deviation P of the depth of the hole group on the tube plate can be-0.05 mm, q can be +0.2mm, and when in alignment, the flatness error of the two points 1 and 3 does not exceed 0.05mm, and the flatness error of the two points 2 and 4 does not exceed 0.2 mm.
The numerical control program section for processing the hole group is as follows:
N010 G54 G17 G0 G90 X-770 Y500 S200 M03
N020 ROT RPL＝1.23478831
N020 W0
N030 Z100 F200
N040 MCALL Cycle81(50,0,5,1.50,)
N050 X500 Y-120
N060 X500 Y-80
N070 X500 Y-40
N080 X500 Y40
N090 X500 Y80
N100 X500 Y120
N110 MCALL Cycle81(50,0,5,0.05,)
N120 X460 Y-240
N130 X460 Y-200
N140 X460 Y-160
N150 X460 Y-120
N160 X460 Y-80
N170 X460 Y-40
N180 X460 Y0
N190 X460 Y40
N200 X460 Y80
N210 X460 Y120
N220 X460 Y160
N230 X460 Y200
N240 X460 Y240
N3830 MCALL
N3840 M30
in the present invention, ROT RPL 1.23478831 in the segment N020 is a polar axis shift command, 1.23478831 is an average value for determining θ, and when a plane error a of two points in the vertical direction is 0.2mm in step S1, N a/0.05 is 4, and a/N is 0.05mm, that is, N110 mcal Cycle81(50,0,5, 0.05) in the above segment, the average value and the amount of feed are calculated, and then the hole is programmed by a nc program coordinate shift command according to the distance between two adjacent holes, so that each hole is processed one by one.
The invention is explained by taking the machining precision of a specific machine tool as an example, the positioning precision of any two holes is +/-0.05 mm when a deep hole drilling machine tool drills holes, the alignment precision of a three-dimensional measuring head of a numerical control machine tool is +/-0.001 mm, when other holes in a single-hole positioning hole group are used, the accumulation of the positioning tolerance of the deep hole drilling machine and the alignment tolerance of the single hole is generated, so the tolerance is +/-0.051 mm, and when other holes are positioned by four holes, the tolerance is the average value +/-0.01275 mm.
As shown in the table I, the three alignment accuracies and the average alignment time of the single hole are compared, and it can be seen from the table I that the alignment accuracy of the single hole of the guide pillar drill is the lowest, and the average alignment time of the single hole is short, so that the requirement on the machining accuracy is difficult to meet. And the numerical control machine tool is adopted to perform single-hole alignment, although the precision is the highest, the average single-hole alignment time is the longest, the processing efficiency is reduced, and each hole in a hole group needs to be aligned one by one. The invention adopts an integral alignment method, the alignment precision can meet the processing requirement, and the average time of a single hole is shortest.
| Alignment method | Accuracy of | Average alignment time per hole | Remarks to note |
| Guide pillar alignment | ±0.1mm | 5 s/well | Pipe hole easy to scratch |
| Alignment of single hole | ±0.001mm | 5 min/hole | |
| Integral alignment | ±0.01275mm | 0.9 s/well |
Note: in Table I, the overall alignment time is 30 min/tubesheet, and for example, 2000 holes in one tubesheet, the efficiency is 0.9 s.
Claims (4)
1. A secondary alignment method for the whole dense hole group is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, vertically placing the tube plate on a bent plate of a numerical control machine tool, and according to depth errors (p, q) of a hole groove on the machined tube plate, distributing and selecting two points in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the tube plate for plane alignment, wherein the plane alignment error of the two points in the horizontal direction of the tube plate is less than or equal to | p |, and the plane alignment error of the two points in the vertical direction of the tube plate is less than or equal to | q |;
s2, selecting four holes from the hole group processed by the tube plate, wherein the central connecting lines of the four holes form a parallelogram;
s3, determining coordinates of the centers of the four holes by using a three-dimensional measuring head on a numerical control machine tool, wherein the coordinates of the centers of the four holes are A (x 1, y 1), B (x 2, y 2), C (x 3, y 3) and D (x 4, y 4) in sequence;
s4, calculating the coordinate (x, y) of the diagonal center point O of the parallelogram according to the coordinates of the four holes, namely
x=（x1+x2+x3+x4）/4，y=（y1+y2+y3+y4）/4；
S5, calculating an included angle theta between the central line of the parallelogram in the vertical direction and the y-axis of the machine tool according to the coordinates of the central points of the four holes;
s6, when a hole group is machined, substituting the calculated included angle theta into a polar axis offset command by a numerical control program by adopting the polar axis offset command;
s7, adjusting the axial feed amount f according to the plane error a of the two points in the vertical direction in the step S1.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dense hole group integral secondary alignment method comprises: when the included angle between the two sides of the parallelogram is not equal to 90 degrees, the calculation formula of the included angle theta between the central line of the parallelogram in the vertical direction and the y axis of the machine tool in the step S5 is as follows:
θ1= arctan（（x3-x1）/（y1-y3））-60°；
θ2= arctan（（x4-x2）/（y2-y4））-60°；
substituting the formula theta 1 and theta 2 into the formula theta = (theta 1+ theta 2)/2 to obtain an average value of theta.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dense hole group integral secondary alignment method comprises: in step S7, the method of determining the hole axial feed amount includes: the hole group is divided into n rows, wherein the row number n = a/0.05, and n is rounded up in a rounding mode, and the axial hole feeding amount f = a/n.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dense hole group integral secondary alignment method comprises: when the included angle between the two sides of the parallelogram is 90 degrees, the calculation formula of the included angle theta between the central line of the parallelogram in the vertical direction and the y axis of the machine tool is as follows:
θ1=arctan（（x3-x1）/（y1-y3））；
θ2= arctan（（x4-x2）/（y2-y4））；
Substituting θ 1 and θ 2 into the formula θ = (θ 1+ θ 2)/2, an average value of θ is obtained.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010749894.XA CN111890080B (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Secondary alignment method for whole dense hole group |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010749894.XA CN111890080B (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Secondary alignment method for whole dense hole group |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111890080A CN111890080A (en) | 2020-11-06 |
| CN111890080B true CN111890080B (en) | 2022-07-19 |
Family
ID=73182622
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010749894.XA Active CN111890080B (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Secondary alignment method for whole dense hole group |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111890080B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112518395B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-09-21 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | F-shaped steel alignment positioning method |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0557277A1 (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1993-09-01 | Ipw System Utveckling Hb | A method and a fixture system for positioning and fixing details for assembly. |
| CN102266958A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2011-12-07 | 上海交通大学 | Flexible guide rail hole group machining method based on drilling equipment coordinate system determination |
| CN104259503A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2015-01-07 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Large cellular board machining method |
| CN105716552A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2016-06-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Determination method for terahertz waveguide flange to position cotter hole position |
| CN109365877A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-02-22 | 长安大学 | A kind of NC Machines processing automatic positioning method |
| CN109665444A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-23 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of dry pulverized coal water wall gasifier water-cooling wall internals and the vertical set aligning method of shell |
| CN111168099A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-19 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | Method for precisely machining multiple holes on workpiece by digital display milling and boring machine |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3733708C1 (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1988-09-22 | Herbert Dipl-Ing Niedecker | Device for locating and clamping workpieces on machine-tool tables or the like |
| JP4585816B2 (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2010-11-24 | 日立ビアメカニクス株式会社 | Work drilling method and drilling device |
| CN103707011B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-03-16 | 江苏耐尔冶电集团有限公司 | A kind of production technology of deironing filter |
| CN205816883U (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-21 | 北京铠钺防护科技有限公司 | A kind of multi-hole position quick positional punch device |
-
2020
- 2020-07-30 CN CN202010749894.XA patent/CN111890080B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0557277A1 (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1993-09-01 | Ipw System Utveckling Hb | A method and a fixture system for positioning and fixing details for assembly. |
| CN102266958A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2011-12-07 | 上海交通大学 | Flexible guide rail hole group machining method based on drilling equipment coordinate system determination |
| CN104259503A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2015-01-07 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Large cellular board machining method |
| CN105716552A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2016-06-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Determination method for terahertz waveguide flange to position cotter hole position |
| CN109665444A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-23 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of dry pulverized coal water wall gasifier water-cooling wall internals and the vertical set aligning method of shell |
| CN109365877A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-02-22 | 长安大学 | A kind of NC Machines processing automatic positioning method |
| CN111168099A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-19 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | Method for precisely machining multiple holes on workpiece by digital display milling and boring machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111890080A (en) | 2020-11-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9895810B2 (en) | Cooperation system having machine tool and robot | |
| CN103286631B (en) | For the compensation processing method of datum drift and the system of casing or shell part | |
| CN102814512B (en) | On-line measuring method for radials profile of compressor disc-like part of engine | |
| CN111037328B (en) | Positioning method and machining method of shell part in horizontal machining center | |
| CN111890080B (en) | Secondary alignment method for whole dense hole group | |
| JP5037118B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for manufacturing service blades | |
| CN111580459B (en) | Five-axis machining center assembly error analysis control method | |
| CN101710236B (en) | Numerical-control processing method of multi-space hole welding groove on large-scale spherical space curved surface | |
| CN109648368B (en) | Workpiece coordinate system setting method for eliminating rotation error of numerical control machining workbench | |
| CN108723414B (en) | Machining process for ensuring position tolerance of main hole system of precision box part of numerical control machine tool | |
| CN113369997B (en) | Numerical control machine tool swing angle precision checking method | |
| US20230121919A1 (en) | Method for generating machining cutter path for curved deep cavity surface | |
| CN108788208B (en) | Boring method for machining intersection angle box hole system | |
| CN113093657A (en) | Horizontal machining center workpiece coordinate system conversion method | |
| CN107991992A (en) | A kind of digital control milling cutter path generating method of hydraulic valve block | |
| CN115562160A (en) | Right angle head indexing automatic compensation method, equipment, medium and product | |
| CN116810483A (en) | Five-axis machine tool rotating shaft geometric error identification method based on machining test | |
| CN102581694B (en) | Method for adjusting coordinate system for machining composite material components | |
| CN114859820A (en) | On-machine measurement data compensation method and system for multi-axis numerical control machine tool | |
| CN110103080B (en) | Machine tool machining consistency error compensation method for intelligent production line | |
| CN113211182A (en) | Method for trying to find four-axis rotation center | |
| CN113634635A (en) | Robot bent pipe coordinate system calibration method, computer equipment and storage medium | |
| Park et al. | Near net-shape five-axis face milling of marine propellers | |
| CN105929798B (en) | Exit orifice automatic identification and operation unit distribution method in a kind of complex structural member | |
| CN112917241B (en) | Hole series form and position error correction method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |