CN103286631B - For the compensation processing method of datum drift and the system of casing or shell part - Google Patents
For the compensation processing method of datum drift and the system of casing or shell part Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
For the compensation processing method of datum drift of casing or shell part, comprising: the first, using transition baseline as positioning datum by casing or shell part positioning and clamping on numerically controlled processing equipment; The second, detect the measured distance value relative to main positioning datum zero point at transition baseline zero point, and calculate the difference between each measured distance value and corresponding theory distance value respectively; 3rd, revised the coordinate value at transition baseline zero point respectively by each difference to form the transition baseline zero point revised; 4th, using the structure that the transition baseline zero point revised is to be processed on workpiece coordinate system machining box at zero point or shell part.In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of system of processing for realizing above-mentioned processing method.The present invention, by compensating the actual deviation between transition baseline and main positioning datum, eliminates the error producing Reference misalignment in casing or shell part process because of benchmark disunity, thus improves the crudy of part.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of casing or shell part, the processing method of such as engine cylinder-body, particularly, relate to the compensation processing method of datum drift for casing or shell part in a kind of casing or shell part process.In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of compensation system of processing of datum drift for casing or shell part for realizing above-mentioned processing method.
Background technology
Machining box or shell part is often needed in machining, such as engine cylinder-body, engine cylinder cover, oil sump, crankcase, gear hub etc., the processing of these parts generally has a general main positioning datum, main positioning datum should be adopted in process as much as possible to position clamping to casing or shell part, to make the positioning datum in machining process keep unified, reduce mismachining tolerance.But, in casing or shell part process, inevitably some structures to be processed are not suitable for the situation that adopts main positioning datum to position, such as structure to be processed needs to be formed on the main location basal plane of main positioning datum, now often needs to adopt transition positioning datum to position clamping.In order to describe the problem, the main example that is processed as with engine cylinder-body is described below.
Engine cylinder-body, as the main installation carrier of engine component, it is formed with multiple installed surface and installing hole.Engine cylinder-body relates to the processing technology of relative complex in process, and work flow is roughly as follows: processing → cylinder holes heavy boring, the Honing process → finish-milling top plane → finished product in the hole, boss etc. in roughing top plane, bottom surface → fine finishining positioning datum (i.e. bottom surface, two dowel holes) → thick fine finishining front and rear end → first time boring cylinder holes, milling watt seat two sides etc. → each deep hole machining → second time boring cylinder holes → cylinder body six faces.Well known, six point location principles are followed in the process of engine cylinder-body, ideally, it should adopt one side two pins to position, namely two alignment pins on cylinder body bottom surface (oil sump installed surface) and bottom surface should be utilized as main positioning datum, come most of roughing operation of cylinder body and whole finishing step, this localization method ensure that theoretic six point location principles, and namely plane three point, straight pin two point, rhombus pin are a bit.
But the work flow of above-mentioned engine cylinder-body, can there is change according to the production practices situation of self in different manufacturers.At large, engine production producer due to specialty has self Regulation of External Cooperation producer mostly, the part manufacturing procedure (especially roughing operation) of engine cylinder-body is usually completed by Regulation of External Cooperation producer, and this makes to complete most of roughing operation of cylinder body by main positioning datum and whole finishing step has difficulties.
Particularly, such as, current the applicant has two engine cylinder body production lines, every bar engine line all adopts machining center (the such as Star500 type horizontal Machining centers of German Cross Huller company, it is four-axle linked design, and versatility is stronger) and special purpose machine tool carry out combinations produce.The roughing of some underloadings is responsible for by machining center, and as drilling and tapping etc., the processing of key position is responsible for by special purpose machine tool, as semifinishing and the fine finishining at the positions such as bent axle, cylinder holes, end face.Wherein, the heavily loaded roughing of engine cylinder-body is all carried out outer committee by external coordination producer and is processed, as cylinder holes roughing, crankshaft hole and open grade face roughing etc.In order to avoid Reference Transforming error, the main project of outer committee adds man-hour positioning datum used and is mainly the main positioning datum of known engine cylinder-body processing, namely two dowel holes on cylinder body bottom surface (i.e. oil sump installed surface) and bottom surface, two dowel holes thus on cylinder body bottom surface and bottom surface also need outer committee to process.But, bottom engine cylinder-body except bottom surface and dowel hole need processing, also usually need processing atomizer installing hole, oilhole etc., after cylinder body semi-finished product are sent to by man of outside cooperating plant, hole on these cylinder body bottom surfaces needs to be processed voluntarily by machining center by applicant, this must relate to engine cylinder-body work in-process positioning and clamping in the heart, owing to needing the hole of processing to be positioned on the bottom surface of engine cylinder-body, be therefore just difficult to the main positioning datum adopting above-mentioned normal " one side two pin " when processing these projects.
For solving the problem, the general practice is that other side on engine cylinder-body forms a transition baseline, on the exhaust side side of engine cylinder-body, such as form the false boss as location basal plane, then position with this transition baseline, process the project bottom engine cylinder-body, such as oilhole etc.In this case, owing in fact adopting transition baseline to position, the main positioning datum (i.e. " plane and two pits ") that cylinder body is formed is unactual plays positioning action.
Particularly, suitably shown in Figure 1, such as work in-process adds man-hour in the heart, engine cylinder-body is clamped using transition baseline as actual location benchmark by fixture location, the transition baseline that the basal plane that setting element on fixture and engine cylinder-body form transition baseline is formed is expressed as WZP1 zero point, and lathe coordinate system is expressed as MZP zero point.When work in-process heart B axle (i.e. rotatable platform) corner is 180 degree, workpiece bottom, towards machine tool chief axis, now supposes that WZP1 is respectively 212.5mm, 380mm ,-83mm relative to the distance of lathe coordinate system MZP at zero point on lathe X, Y, Z tri-directions.In this case, assuming that need to bore a hole on cylinder body bottom surface, hole number is H6001, and this hole distance transition baseline WZP1 at zero point in X, Y both direction is respectively-255.5mm, 235mm, and aperture is 383mm in the distance of Z-direction distance WZP1.Now, the conventional machining process that work in-process carries out processing in the heart is specific as follows, for helping to understand the procedure giving machining center and adopt, wherein machining center adopts general Simens (Siemens) digital control system (for those skilled in the art well known, be the annotation language of specific procedure statement after branch in following procedure, only help to read debugging routine, not for machining center performs):
The first, coordinate system during machining hole H6001 is set, co-ordinate zero point is displaced to transition baseline WZP1 at zero point by lathe MZP at zero point.
The second, call set coordinate system with G54, and under this coordinate system machining programming.
Can be found out by conventional machining process, this traditional processing technology and system of processing thereof are in the following process to above-mentioned cylinder body, the actual location benchmark adopted is transition baseline, is also transition baseline zero point of being formed using this transition baseline as workpiece coordinate system zero point in process.But, as mentioned above, main roughing operation and whole finishing step of engine cylinder-body should adopt main positioning datum to process as positioning datum, described main positioning datum is generally selected according to the design basis of engine cylinder-body, therefore described main positioning datum can be similar to the design basis thinking engine cylinder-body, and transition baseline is only the temporary fiducial for ease of processing employing in process.Well known, in mechanical processing process, unifying datum and datum coincidence principle should be followed, should unify as far as possible in engine cylinder-body process to adopt main positioning datum (i.e. above-mentioned " one side two pin ") as locating and machining benchmark, to avoid the error adopting different positioning datum to bring.When adopting above-mentioned transition baseline as positioning datum, due to transition baseline mismachining tolerance, adopt transition baseline position time clamping error, will inevitably cause there is deviation between transition baseline and main positioning datum, namely so-called Datum transfer is produced, this can have influence on the machining accuracy of the relevant processing project of engine cylinder-body bottom surface, thus cause the machining accuracy of engine cylinder-body not high, even cause engine cylinder-body to become waste product time serious.
Defect in above-mentioned machining process is prevalent in the process of casing or shell part, and is not limited to above-mentioned engine cylinder-body.In view of this, need to design a kind of processing method for casing or shell part and system of processing thereof, to overcome the above-mentioned defect of prior art.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of compensation processing method of datum drift for casing or shell part, this processing method can compensate as when casing or shell part locating and machining benchmark the mismachining tolerance produced because of benchmark disunity at employing transition baseline effectively, thus improves the machining accuracy of casing or shell part.
In addition, the technical problem that the present invention also will solve is to provide a kind of compensation system of processing of datum drift for casing or shell part, this system of processing can compensate as when casing or shell part locating and machining benchmark the mismachining tolerance produced because of benchmark disunity at employing transition baseline effectively, thus improves the machining accuracy of casing or shell part.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of compensation processing method of datum drift for casing or shell part, described casing or shell part are formed with main positioning datum and transition baseline, wherein, described processing method comprises the steps: first, using described transition baseline as positioning datum by described casing or shell part positioning and clamping on numerically controlled processing equipment, described transition baseline is formed transition baseline zero point is formed relative to described main positioning datum main positioning datum zero point in the lathe coordinate system of numerically controlled processing equipment along X-axis, the theoretical distance value of Y-axis and Z-direction is respectively Δ X, Δ Y and Δ Z, second, detect described transition baseline and in described lathe coordinate system, be respectively δ X, δ Y and δ Z along the measured distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction zero point relative to described main positioning datum zero point, and the difference φ Y between the difference φ X, the δ Y that calculate respectively between δ X and Δ X and Δ Y and the difference φ Z between δ Z and Δ Z, 3rd, revise the described transition baseline X-axis of zero point in described lathe coordinate system, Y-axis and Z axis coordinate value respectively to form the transition baseline zero point revised by difference φ X, φ Y described in each and φ Z, transition baseline zero point and the described main positioning datum of this correction equal described theoretical distance value Δ X, Δ Y and Δ Z respectively along the distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction zero point in described lathe coordinate system, 4th, process structure to be processed on described casing or shell part zero point as the workpiece coordinate system of described casing or shell part zero point using the transition baseline of described correction.
Particularly, described casing or shell part are engine cylinder-body, and described main positioning datum is the bottom surface of this engine cylinder-body and two dowel holes be formed on this bottom surface; Described transition baseline is the false boss face being formed in this engine cylinder-body exhaust side, and each false boss face is formed as the location basal plane for locating described engine cylinder-body.
Particularly, described structure to be processed is the hole on the bottom surface of described engine cylinder-body.
Particularly, in described first step, by jig using described transition baseline as positioning datum by described casing or shell part positioning and clamping on described numerically controlled processing equipment.
Preferably, described jig is formed with gauge orifice, described first step also comprises the coordinate value of the described gauge orifice of detection in the lathe coordinate system of described numerically controlled processing equipment, and the coordinate value of this detection is compared with the standard coordinate value of this gauge orifice preset, to guarantee that the difference between the coordinate value of the detection of described gauge orifice and described standard coordinate value is no more than target offset value.
Specifically selectively, described numerically controlled processing equipment is horizontal Machining centers.
Preferably, in described second step, carried out the testing of measured distance value δ X, δ Y and δ Z described in each by contact measuring head, and detection signal is transferred to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment.
Preferably, detection signal is wirelessly transmitted to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment by described contact measuring head.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of compensation system of processing of datum drift for casing or shell part, described casing or shell part are formed with main positioning datum and transition baseline, wherein, described system of processing comprise numerically controlled processing equipment and for detect transition baseline zero point relative to main positioning datum zero point in the lathe coordinate system of described numerically controlled processing equipment along the checkout gear of the measured distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction, detection signal can be transferred to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment by this checkout gear.
Preferably, described numerically controlled processing equipment is horizontal Machining centers, described checkout gear is the contact measuring head on the machine tool chief axis for being installed to described horizontal Machining centers, and detection signal can be radioed to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment by this contact measuring head.
Pass through technique scheme, the compensation processing method of datum drift for casing or shell part of the present invention and system of processing thereof are by measuring the main positioning datum of casing or shell part, find out main positioning datum zero point and the transition baseline position deviation of zero point on X/Y/Z direction of principal axis, then compensate each coordinate value at transition baseline zero point by this position deviation, thus form transition baseline zero point of revising as workpiece coordinate system zero point.Effectively can reduce the impact of Datum transfer on machining accuracy like this.That is, although present invention employs the positioning datum of transition baseline as casing or shell part, but due to the actual deviation that compensate between transition baseline and main positioning datum ingenious in process, substantially can not deviation be there is in the casing therefore processed by processing method of the present invention or the dependency structure of shell part relative to main positioning datum, that is, although processing method of the present invention have employed transition baseline as positioning datum, but the error of Reference misalignment can not be produced because of benchmark disunity, thus improve the crudy of casing or shell part (such as engine cylinder-body).Such as, two engine cylinder body production lines of current applicant all have passed trial-production and have checked and accepted, and its working ability and crudy meet design standard completely.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in detailed description of the invention part subsequently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Following accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for description, and itself and following detailed description of the invention one are used from explanation the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following the drawings and the specific embodiments.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the step block diagram of the compensation processing method of the datum drift for engine cylinder-body of the specific embodiment of the invention, only simply describes the main points of each step in figure in square frame.
Fig. 2 be engine cylinder-body positioning and clamping to the schematic top plan view on machining center rotary table, in figure, display size is only the illustration size of carrying out for purpose of explanation.
Fig. 3 be engine cylinder-body positioning and clamping to the schematic front view on machining center rotary table, in figure, display size is only the illustration size of carrying out for purpose of explanation.
Fig. 4 is the schematic front view on engine cylinder-body positioning and clamping work in-process heart rotary table, the bottom surface which show engine cylinder-body defines the hole needing processing.
Fig. 5 is the detected state schematic diagram being detected main positioning datum in processing method of the present invention by contact probe, this figure only schematically illustrates Cleaning Principle and merges to show and detects dowel hole on the bottom surface of engine cylinder-body and bottom surface, does not wherein distinguish relevant coordinate direction.
Fig. 6 is the annexation schematic diagram of the compensation system of processing of the datum drift for engine cylinder-body of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1 engine cylinder-body; 2 rotary tables;
3 contact measuring heads; 4 checkout gears;
5 numerically controlled processing equipments; 6 machine tool chief axis;
A, D dowel hole; MZP lathe coordinate system zero point;
WZP1 transition baseline zero point; WZP2 main positioning datum zero point;
X, Y, Z lathe coordinate system reference axis; B rotary table rotating shaft;
C engine cylinder-body bottom surface; C1, C2, C3, C4 bottom surface test point;
The datum level that R, S, T false boss face is formed; The hole that H6001 is to be processed.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described in detail to the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, should be understood that, detailed description of the invention described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following detailed description of the invention.
First it should be noted that, the invention provides a kind of processing method for casing or shell part, the major technique design of this processing method is when adopting the structure of transition baseline location machining box or shell part, casing or the main positioning datum of shell part and the deviate of transition positioning datum are compensated in the workpiece coordinate system set up zero point with transition positioning datum, to improve the machining accuracy of casing or shell part.It should be noted that for this reason, one, the box parts of indication of the present invention, mainly outer shape be hexahedron or basic in hexahedral workpiece (but do not get rid of the structure these box parts existing hole and so on, such as cylinder holes), the shell part workpiece for realizing cover cap function that mainly side is open, for helping skilled in the art to understand the present invention, to be mainly below described for engine cylinder-body; They are two years old, although mainly processing method of the present invention is described for machining center in explanation hereafter, such as, but be apparently for those skilled in the art, the technical conceive of processing method of the present invention can be applied on various suitable numerically controlled processing equipment equally, numerical control drilling machine etc.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should not be limited to be applied to machining center.
First the basic embodiment of processing method of the present invention is below described, then the preferred embodiment of processing method of the present invention is more specifically described for machining center, in the course of the description for helping skilled in the art to understand technical scheme of the present invention, by some basic process principle and the concepts in additionally some machined fields.The compensation system of processing of datum drift for casing or shell part of the present invention is described on this basis.
In order to clear description, below main for described casing or shell part for engine cylinder-body 1 is described.See shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, the size wherein shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 is only the illustration size of Δ X, Δ Y and Δ Z etc. hereinafter described, does not form limiting the scope of the invention.Described engine cylinder-body is formed with main positioning datum and transition baseline, wherein, described processing method comprises the steps: first step S101, using described transition baseline as positioning datum by described cylinder body 1 positioning and clamping on numerically controlled processing equipment, the main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point that the transition baseline WZP1 at zero point that described transition baseline is formed is formed relative to described main positioning datum is respectively Δ X, Δ Y and Δ Z along the theoretical distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction in the lathe coordinate system of described numerically controlled processing equipment; Second step S201, under the state of described cylinder body positioning and clamping, detect described transition baseline WZP1 at zero point and in described lathe coordinate system, be respectively δ X, δ Y and δ Z along the measured distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction relative to described main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point, and the difference φ Y between the difference φ X, the δ Y that calculate respectively between δ X and Δ X and Δ Y and the difference φ Z between δ Z and Δ Z; Third step S301, revise the described transition baseline X-axis of zero point in described lathe coordinate system, Y-axis and Z axis coordinate value respectively to form the transition baseline zero point revised by difference φ X, φ Y described in each and φ Z, transition baseline zero point and the described main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point of this correction equal described theoretical distance value Δ X, Δ Y and Δ Z respectively along the distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction in described lathe coordinate system; 4th step S401, processes required structure of processing on described engine cylinder-body as the workpiece coordinate system of described engine cylinder-body using the transition baseline of described correction zero point zero point.
The basic embodiment of above-mentioned processing method embodies basic fundamental of the present invention design, the know-why or concept that above-mentioned basic embodiment relates to is understood although relatively easy for those skilled in the art, but for helping those skilled in the art more profoundly to understand technique scheme, some know-whies related to above-mentioned basic embodiment below and concept are described.
First, processing method of the present invention for be engine cylinder-body continuation processing (namely processing object is the engine cylinder-body semi-finished product having formed main positioning datum and transition positioning datum), especially for the following process of the dependency structure on engine cylinder-body bottom surface, such as, atomizer installing hole, oilhole etc. on engine cylinder-body bottom surface, that is, this engine cylinder-body defines main positioning datum, and also form transition baseline in order to the following process of carrying out dependency structure.With regard to the processing of engine cylinder-body, to those skilled in the art apparently, main positioning datum can be generally that engine cylinder-body is through accurately machined bottom surface and two dowel holes be formed on this bottom surface.Due in machined field, sometimes be unsuitable for adopting main positioning datum when processing some structures, thus on engine cylinder-body, transition baseline is formed, such as because atomizer installing hole, oilhole etc. on engine cylinder-body bottom surface are formed on engine cylinder-body bottom surface, now obviously be difficult to adopt the dowel hole on bottom surface and bottom surface to process as positioning datum, introduce transition baseline for this reason.For those skilled in the art, transition baseline can have various forms, as long as follow six point location principles, such as can form six false boss faces on the exhaust side of engine cylinder-body in the present invention, three false boss faces in these six false boss faces are in a plane (forming three-point fix when contacting with the setting element of jig), two false boss faces are in a plane (forming two-point locating when contacting with the setting element of jig), another false boss face is in another plane (forming a point location when contacting with the setting element of jig), these three planes vertically form joining (namely following positioning datum zero point) mutually, thus form six point locations.Certainly, the form of transition baseline is varied, is not limited to the above-mentioned concrete form exemplified of the present invention.
The second, in the first step S101 of above-mentioned basic embodiment, relate to some technological concepts, such as transition baseline zero point, main positioning datum zero point etc., this is known at numerical control machine manufacture field, now gives schematic illustration to help to understand.
In numerically controlled processing equipment, numerically controlled processing equipment has self lathe coordinate system, corresponding numerically controlled processing equipment has lathe coordinate system MZP at zero point, the position of this lathe coordinate system MZP at zero point is fixing, it forms numerically controlled processing equipment and carries out mach basic point, the location recognition of numerically controlled processing equipment is all carried out based on this lathe coordinate system MZP at zero point, and it is exactly this reason that numerically controlled processing equipment needs to carry out rezero operation (general cutter moves to relative to the fixing machine tool reference point in lathe coordinate system MZP at zero point position) before carrying out work pieces process.
In addition, workpiece has the positioning datum of self, positioning datum comprises locates basal plane accordingly, according to six point location principles, three orthogonal location basal planes are intersected in a bit, and this point is positioning datum zero point, that is, positioning datum zero point might not be in esse point, and can be have the virtual location point or locus point of determining position.Positioning datum generally forms the zero point of machining programming zero point, and the authorized personnel of procedure works out the size of each operation program needs processing zero point according to positioning datum.Such as, in the present invention, although there is main positioning datum, owing to not positioning with main positioning datum in the processing of engine cylinder-body, but positioned by transition baseline, therefore using transition baseline zero point as programming zero.When engine cylinder-body 1 passes through in transition baseline positioning and clamping to numerically controlled processing equipment, the setting element of jig contacts with the location basal plane of transition baseline, and now transition baseline overlaps with fixture zero point zero point.
The transition baseline position of zero point in lathe coordinate system, is namely generally determined by tool setting technique relative to the position of lathe coordinate system MZP at zero point, there is various ways, do not repeat them here in relevant tool setting technique prior art.In conventional machining process mentioned above, the following process of engine cylinder-body directly carries out following process as workpiece coordinate system using described transition baseline zero point zero point.Namely so-called workpiece coordinate system zero point all to calculate the processing dimension to workpiece zero point relative to this workpiece coordinate system to machine tool during work pieces process on numerically controlled processing equipment.But, as mentioned previously, the processing of engine cylinder-body should be processed with main positioning datum as far as possible, although transition baseline WZP1 at zero point relative to main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point in the lathe coordinate system of described numerically controlled processing equipment along X-axis, the theoretical distance value of Y-axis and Z-direction is respectively Δ X, Δ Y and Δ Z, but this theoretical distance value is only the ideal value drawn according to design drawing, namely transition baseline WZP1 at zero point has the distance value of design in the lathe coordinate system of described numerically controlled processing equipment relative to main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point, but due to mismachining tolerance and the positioning and clamping errors of engine cylinder-body on numerically controlled processing equipment of transition baseline itself, therefore transition baseline WZP1 at zero point relative to main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point in the lathe coordinate system of described numerically controlled processing equipment along X-axis, the measured distance value of Y-axis and Z-direction inevitably with theoretical distance value Δ X, there is deviation in Δ Y and Δ Z, this deviation caused by benchmark disunity can have influence on dimensional accuracy and the positional precision of the dependency structure of following process, thus make to process inaccuracy.
3rd, in the second step S201 of above-mentioned basic embodiment, processing method of the present invention is under the state of described cylinder body 1 positioning and clamping, detect transition baseline WZP1 at zero point relative to main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point in lathe coordinate system along measured distance value δ X, the δ Y of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction and δ Z, and the difference calculated respectively between each measured distance value and corresponding theoretical distance value, the difference φ Y between the difference φ X namely between δ X and Δ X, δ Y and Δ Y and the difference φ Z between δ Z and Δ Z.
The relevant detection method adopted can have multiple, can be measured the most simply, such as, measured numerical control unit measured distance value being input to numerically controlled processing equipment by photoelectric measurement method by the mode directly measured.Certainly, can be measured by gauge head in numerical control machine manufacture field, such as, contact measuring head can be adopted in processing method of the present invention, the parameter signal being used for obtaining measured distance value detected is transferred to the numerical control unit of numerically controlled processing equipment by this contact measuring head, thus obtains measured distance value and the difference compared between each measured distance value and corresponding theoretical distance value by numerical control unit process.Described contact measuring head can be the contact measuring head that the parameter signal of detection can be wirelessly transmitted to the numerical control unit of numerically controlled processing equipment, the contact measuring head that such as Renishaw company of Britain's gauge head manufacturer produces, can be transferred to numerical control of machine tools unit by measurement parameter signal wireless in this gauge head measuring process in real time.Apparently, in order to complete above-mentioned testing, system of processing for realizing processing method of the present invention should comprise corresponding checkout gear, when numerically controlled processing equipment is horizontal Machining centers, owing to being built-in with the process of measurement (namely can process the dependency structure parameter of contact measuring head transmission and the process of measurement of location parameter signal) of standard in the numerical control unit of horizontal Machining centers, therefore described checkout gear can for realizing the contact measuring head of wireless transmission, the spindle nose when detecting, contact measuring head being installed to horizontal Machining centers carries out measuring, certainly due to need to measure be transition baseline WZP1 at zero point relative to main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point in lathe coordinate system along X-axis, the measured distance value of Y-axis and Z-direction, therefore generally need to set up surving coordinate system, this surving coordinate system can pass through the position at tool setting technique determination transition baseline zero point zero point relative to lathe coordinate system, and then with transition baseline zero point for initial point sets up surving coordinate system, this is apparently for those skilled in the art, embody in procedure exemplified hereinafter, do not repeat them here.Such as, in processing method of the present invention, contact measuring head is mainly used in measuring the position relative to transition baseline zero point at main positioning datum zero point, when setting up surving coordinate system zero point with transition baseline, structural parameters and the location parameter of the location structure of main positioning datum is detected by contact measuring head 3, such as described main positioning datum is generally the bottom surface of engine cylinder-body and is formed in two dowel holes of this bottom surface, by measuring the coordinate value location parameter of four points on the structural parameters signal of two dowel holes and engine cylinder-body bottom surface and get its mean value in surving coordinate system, and then calculate by carrying out process to measurement data signals, and obtain transition baseline zero point WZP1 relative to main positioning datum zero point WZP2 along X-axis when detecting relative to the relative position at transition baseline zero point according to described contact measuring head 3, the measured distance value of Y-axis and Z-direction is respectively δ X, δ Y and δ Z.In addition; as a kind of simple variant form; if when the numerically controlled processing equipment adopted does not comprise relevant canonical measure program; system of processing of the present invention can comprise independently checkout gear completely; this checkout gear can comprise the processing unit of contact measuring head and built-in process of measurement; the data that contact measuring head is measured can be transferred to the numerical control unit of numerically controlled processing equipment again after processing unit processes, and this simple variant form belongs to protection scope of the present invention equally.
4th, in the third step S301 of above-mentioned basic embodiment, by difference φ X described in each, φ Y and φ Z revises the X-axis of described transition baseline WZP1 at zero point in described lathe coordinate system respectively, Y-axis and Z axis coordinate value are to form the transition baseline zero point revised, that is, based on described transition baseline WZP1 at zero point, by difference φ X described in each, φ Y and φ Z compensates in the respective coordinate value of transition baseline WZP1 at zero point, thus form a transition baseline zero point revised, the transition baseline zero point of this correction and described main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point in described lathe coordinate system along X-axis, the distance value of Y-axis and Z-direction equals described theoretical distance value Δ X respectively, Δ Y and Δ Z, no longer there is deviation in the distance value namely between transition baseline zero point of this correction and main positioning datum zero point, but the theoretical distance value equaled on design drawing.About the method revised or compensate is known for those skilled in the art, basic is exactly by the X-axis of transition baseline WZP1 at zero point in described lathe coordinate system, Y-axis and Z axis coordinate value add corresponding difference or deduct corresponding difference, wherein need to consider positive and negative in lathe coordinate system of the coordinate value of transition baseline WZP1 at zero point and main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point, this is relevant with main positioning datum coordinate position at zero point with transition baseline zero point, for the processing of engine cylinder-body, general by the X-axis of transition baseline WZP1 at zero point in described lathe coordinate system, Y-axis and Z axis coordinate value add corresponding difference.Certainly, be obvious for the authorized personnel of procedure or technologist, such as in procedure hereinafter described by simple difference add operation.
5th, in the 4th step S401 of above-mentioned basic embodiment is rapid, required structure of processing on described engine cylinder-body is processed zero point as the workpiece coordinate system of described cylinder body zero point using the transition baseline of described correction, that is, although the establishment of procedure is worked out with transition baseline zero point, but due to difference φ X described in each, φ Y and φ Z compensates to the X-axis of described transition baseline WZP1 at zero point in described lathe coordinate system respectively, on Y-axis and Z axis coordinate value, therefore workpiece coordinate system actual transition baseline zero point being through correction at zero point, namely cutter carries out moving zero point relative to the transition baseline revised.In addition; it should be noted that; although processing method of the present invention is mainly for the processing of the dependency structure on engine cylinder-body bottom surface in explanation above; but technical conceive of the present invention is not limited to this; in fact; the dependency structure that other four of engine cylinder-body except engine cylinder-body bottom surface and end face are surperficial, all can adopt processing method of the present invention to process, and therefore protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the hole etc. on processing engine cylinder-body bottom surface.
By above-mentioned processing method of the present invention, although present invention employs the positioning datum of transition baseline as engine cylinder-body, but due to the actual deviation that compensate between transition baseline and main positioning datum ingenious in process, substantially can not deviation be there is in the dependency structure of the engine cylinder-body therefore processed by processing method of the present invention relative to main positioning datum, that is, although processing method of the present invention have employed transition baseline as positioning datum, but the error of Reference misalignment can not be produced because of benchmark disunity, thus improve the crudy of engine.
On the basis of the above-mentioned basic embodiment of processing method of the present invention, as mentioned above, usually, described main positioning datum is the bottom surface (i.e. oil sump installed surface) of described engine cylinder-body 1 and two dowel holes being formed on the bottom surface of this engine; Described transition baseline is the false boss face being formed in described engine cylinder-body 1 exhaust side, and each false boss face is formed as the location basal plane for locating described engine cylinder-body 1.More specifically, on described engine cylinder-body, the structure of required processing can be atomizer installing hole on the bottom surface of described engine cylinder-body 1 and/or oilhole etc.
Preferably, described jig is formed with gauge orifice, above-mentioned first step can also comprise the coordinate value of the described gauge orifice of detection in the lathe coordinate system of described numerically controlled processing equipment, and the coordinate value of this detection is compared with the standard coordinate value of this gauge orifice preset, difference is between the two no more than target offset value, to guarantee that probe measurement precision meets technological requirement, such as when with process processing engine cylinder-body of the present invention, target offset value is decided to be 0.03mm, as long as be no more than 0.03mm, illustrate that the certainty of measurement of probe meets technological requirement.The main purpose that jig arranges gauge orifice detects the accuracy of gauge head measurement, general each order of classes or grades at school probe measurement gauge orifice.Generally speaking, gauge orifice on jig is fixing relative to the position of lathe MZP at zero point, if the standard coordinate value deviation of the actual coordinate value of probe measurement gauge orifice and setting is greater than target offset value, then illustrates that probe measurement errors is excessive, need adjustment or change.
Further, above-mentioned numerically controlled processing equipment can be horizontal Machining centers, generally can adopt the four-axle linked formula horizontal Machining centers that versatility is stronger, there is general definition standard in the X-axis of the lathe coordinate system of machining center, Y-axis, Z axis, and what be generally parallel to machining center main shaft is Z axis, short transverse be Y-axis, another reference axis is X-axis, and in addition, the rotation of rotation platform 2 forms B axle, this is known for those skilled in the art, repeats no more.When numerically controlled processing equipment can be horizontal Machining centers, preferably, the testing of measured distance value δ X, δ Y and δ Z described in each can be carried out by contact measuring head, and the data-signal of detection is transferred to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment, more preferably, the data-signal of detection is wirelessly transmitted to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment by described contact measuring head.
The form of being gone forward one by one by level above describes basic embodiment and the preferred embodiment of processing method of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is more profoundly understood in order to help those skilled in the art, referring to adopting the preferred embodiment of horizontal Machining centers in Fig. 2 to Fig. 6, processing method of the present invention is relatively comprehensively described, it should be noted that, processing method of the present invention is not limited to the details shown in figure, in addition, because relevant key ideas is illustrated hereinbefore, therefore hereafter suitably schematic illustration will be given.
As mentioned above, processing method of the present invention is in order to eliminate or reduce the impact of this error, its main technical conceive is to introduce machining center detection process, that is: engine cylinder-body adopts transition baseline to locate on jig, to the cylinder body bottom surface of processing be needed outwardly, first main positioning datum (the i.e. bottom surface C of engine cylinder-body and dowel hole A is detected with gauge head before machine tooling, D), then to be formed in workpiece coordinate system zero point on the coordinate value deviate between positioning datum zero point and transition baseline zero point being compensated to transition baseline zero point, thus reduce corresponding error.
Described horizontal Machining centers adopts Simens (Siemens) digital control system extensively adopted, the locator(-ter) of standard is comprised in this digital control system, comprising the standardization program CYCLE977 of measured hole and the standardization program CYCLE978 of measuring surface, mix special gauge head again and just can realize hole and the accurate measurement in the heart of face work in-process, result of detection variable can be exported after measurement, thus can solve the problem of Datum transfer in theory by the method for lathe detection.In order to ensure certainty of measurement, what select is the contact measuring head of famous Renishaw company of gauge head manufacturer of Britain, can in real time measurement data be wirelessly transmitted in the numerical control unit of horizontal Machining centers in this gauge head measuring process, then carry out Synchronization Analysis process by numerical control unit.
Particularly, transition baseline is six false boss faces R1, R2, R3, S1, S2, T (specifically not showing in figure) of the exhaust side being formed in engine cylinder-body, wherein false boss face R1, R2, R3 are in same plane, be denoted as R in the drawings, S1, S2 are in same plane in false boss face, be denoted as S in the drawings, false boss face Z is denoted as T in the drawings.Described transition baseline can beyond to entrust processing, also can process voluntarily.When carrying out following process to engine cylinder-body 1, first adopt described transition baseline positioning and clamping engine cylinder-body, by engine cylinder-body 1 positioning and clamping on the rotary table 2 of horizontal Machining centers.Then, the locating feature of main positioning datum is measured with gauge head, namely cylinder body bottom surface C and dowel hole A is measured, D (see Fig. 4), thus detection computations goes out the measured distance value δ X between transition baseline WZP1 at zero point and main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point under positioning and clamping state, δ Y and δ Z, and by this measured distance value δ X, theoretical distance value Δ X on δ Y and δ Z and design drawing, Δ Y and Δ Z compares, and difference is compensated on each coordinate value in lathe coordinate system of transition baseline WZP1 at zero point, thus form workpiece coordinate system zero point, reduce Datum transfer thus to the impact of crudy.
Such as, horizontal Machining centers adds man-hour, transition baseline is expressed as WZP1 zero point, and main positioning datum is expressed as WZP2 and represents zero point, and lathe coordinate system represents with MZP zero point.When lathe B Shaft angle is 180 degree, the bottom surface of engine cylinder-body is towards machining center main shaft, after in engine cylinder-body 1 positioning and clamping to the rotary table 2 of horizontal Machining centers, now suppose that transition baseline WZP1 at zero point work in-process heart X/Y/Z axle three directions are respectively 212.5mm relative to the distance of lathe coordinate system MZP at zero point, 380mm and-83mm (generally being obtained by tool setting technique), theoretical distance value Δ X along X/Y/Z axle three directions relative to transition baseline WZP1 at zero point in main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point lathe coordinate system, Δ Y and Δ Z is respectively 7.5mm, (this can obtain according to the design drawing of engine cylinder-body 258mm and 383mm, because main positioning datum and transition baseline are all that designer designs, therefore theoretical distance value is known, by engine cylinder-body positioning and clamping on the rotary working platform of machining center, do not considering clamping error, transition baseline mismachining tolerances etc. ideally, theoretical distance value Δ X along X/Y/Z axle three directions relative to transition baseline WZP1 at zero point in main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point lathe coordinate system in lathe coordinate system, Δ Y and Δ Z all should determine).Position relationship between each co-ordinate zero point is see Fig. 2 to Fig. 5.
Assuming that need to bore a hole on cylinder body bottom surface, hole number is H6001, and this hole is respectively-255.5mm and 235mm at X/Y both direction distance transition baseline WZP1 at zero point, and aperture is 383mm in the distance of Z-direction distance WZP1.In this case, technical scheme of the present invention is more profoundly understood for making this area, below provide concrete procedure, therefrom obviously can find out each step of the machining center that the present invention adopts, described horizontal Machining centers adopts Simens (Siemens) digital control system extensively adopted.Particularly, band metrophia compensation processing technology following (for those skilled in the art well known, be the annotation language of specific procedure statement after branch in following procedure, only help to read debugging routine, not for machining center performs):
The first, surving coordinate system when detecting main positioning datum WZP2 is set, makes gauge head detect position and be displaced to transition baseline WZP1 at zero point to set up surving coordinate system by lathe coordinate system MZP at zero point.
The second, call set surving coordinate system with G590, and work out locator(-ter) under this surving coordinate system.
(1) gaging hole program segment:
(2) face program segment is surveyed:
3rd, coordinate system during machining hole H6001 is set, co-ordinate zero point is displaced to fixture WZP1 at zero point by lathe MZP at zero point.
4th, probe measurement WZP2 is out compensated to respectively in the workpiece coordinate system of hole H6001 with the deviate R307/R308/R520 on WZP1 on X/Y/Z direction
$ P_UIFR [1, X, TR]=212.5+R307; X-coordinate is compensated to R307
$ P_UIFR [1, Y, TR]=380+R308; Y-coordinate is compensated to R308
$ P_UIFR [1, Z, TR]=-83+R520; Z coordinate is compensated to R520
5th, call set workpiece coordinate system with G54, and under this coordinate system machining programming.
The foregoing describe the compensation processing method of datum drift for casing or shell part of the present invention, the compensation system of processing of datum drift being used for casing or shell part is below described, wherein, described system of processing comprise numerically controlled processing equipment 5 and for detect transition baseline WZP1 at zero point relative to main positioning datum WZP2 at zero point in described lathe coordinate system along the checkout gear 4 of the measured distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction, detection signal can be transferred to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment 5 by this checkout gear.Preferably, described numerically controlled processing equipment is horizontal Machining centers, described checkout gear comprises the contact measuring head 3 for being installed on the machine tool chief axis 6 of described numerically controlled processing equipment, and detection signal can be radioed to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment 5 by this contact measuring head 3.
As can be seen from upper description, the invention has the advantages that: the compensation processing method of datum drift for casing or shell part of the present invention and system of processing thereof are by measuring the main positioning datum of engine cylinder-body, find out main positioning datum zero point and transition baseline zero point (the i.e. fixture zero point) position deviation on X/Y/Z direction of principal axis, then compensate each coordinate value at transition baseline zero point by this position deviation, thus form transition baseline zero point of revising as workpiece coordinate system zero point.Effectively can reduce the impact of Datum transfer on machining accuracy like this.That is, although present invention employs the positioning datum of transition baseline as engine cylinder-body, but due to the actual deviation that compensate between transition baseline and main positioning datum ingenious in process, substantially can not deviation be there is in the dependency structure of the engine cylinder-body therefore processed by processing method of the present invention relative to main positioning datum, that is, although processing method of the present invention have employed transition baseline as positioning datum, but the error of Reference misalignment can not be produced because of benchmark disunity, thus improve the crudy of engine.Two engine cylinder body production lines of current applicant all have passed trial-production and have checked and accepted, and its working ability and crudy meet design standard completely.Although be only be described for engine cylinder-body in a specific embodiment of the above, to those skilled in the art apparently, processing method of the present invention and system of processing thereof can generally be applicable to other casing or shell part.
Below the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings; but; the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment; within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.About the know-why of digital control processing and concept have only carried out schematic illustration for the object being convenient to understand in the explanation of detailed description of the invention, relevant known technology concept can with reference to the reference book of relevant digital control processing and handbook.
It should be noted that, each the concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, in reconcilable situation, can be combined by any suitable mode.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention illustrates no longer separately to various possible combination.
In addition, also can be combined between various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Claims (10)
1., for the compensation processing method of datum drift of casing or shell part, described casing or shell part are formed with main positioning datum and transition baseline, and wherein, described processing method comprises the steps:
First, using described transition baseline as positioning datum by described casing or shell part positioning and clamping on numerically controlled processing equipment, main positioning datum zero point (WZP2) that the transition baseline zero point (WZP1) that described transition baseline is formed is formed relative to described main positioning datum is respectively Δ X, Δ Y and Δ Z along the theoretical distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction in the lathe coordinate system of numerically controlled processing equipment;
Second, detect described transition baseline zero point (WZP1) and in described lathe coordinate system, be respectively δ X, δ Y and δ Z along the measured distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction relative to described main positioning datum zero point (WZP2), and the difference φ Y between the difference φ X, the δ Y that calculate respectively between δ X and Δ X and Δ Y and the difference φ Z between δ Z and Δ Z;
3rd, revise the X-axis of described transition baseline zero point (WZP1) in described lathe coordinate system, Y-axis and Z axis coordinate value respectively to form the transition baseline zero point revised by difference φ X, φ Y described in each and φ Z, transition baseline zero point and described main positioning datum zero point (WZP2) of this correction equal described theoretical distance value Δ X, Δ Y and Δ Z respectively along the distance value of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction in described lathe coordinate system;
4th, process structure to be processed on described casing or shell part zero point as the workpiece coordinate system of described casing or shell part zero point using the transition baseline of described correction.
2. processing method according to claim 1, wherein, described casing or shell part are engine cylinder-body (1), and described main positioning datum is the bottom surface of this engine cylinder-body (1) and two dowel holes (A, D) be formed on this bottom surface; Described transition baseline is for being formed in the false boss face of this engine cylinder-body (1) exhaust side, and each false boss face is formed as the location basal plane for locating described engine cylinder-body (1).
3. processing method according to claim 2, wherein, described structure to be processed is the hole (H6001) on the bottom surface of described engine cylinder-body (1).
4. processing method according to claim 1, wherein, in described first step, by jig using described transition baseline as positioning datum by described casing or shell part positioning and clamping on described numerically controlled processing equipment.
5. processing method according to claim 4, wherein, described jig is formed with gauge orifice, described first step also comprises the coordinate value of the described gauge orifice of detection in the lathe coordinate system of described numerically controlled processing equipment, and the coordinate value of this detection is compared with the standard coordinate value of this gauge orifice preset, to guarantee that the difference between the coordinate value of the detection of described gauge orifice and described standard coordinate value is no more than target offset value.
6. processing method according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, described numerically controlled processing equipment is horizontal Machining centers.
7. processing method according to claim 6, wherein, in described second step, carried out the testing of measured distance value δ X, δ Y and δ Z described in each by contact measuring head (3), and detection signal is transferred to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment.
8. processing method according to claim 7, wherein, detection signal is wirelessly transmitted to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment by described contact measuring head (3).
9. for the compensation system of processing of datum drift of casing or shell part, described casing or shell part are formed with main positioning datum and transition baseline, wherein, described system of processing comprise numerically controlled processing equipment (5) and for detect transition baseline zero point (WZP1) relative to main positioning datum zero point (WZP2) in the lathe coordinate system of described numerically controlled processing equipment along X-axis, the checkout gear (4) of the measured distance value of Y-axis and Z-direction, detection signal can be transferred to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment (5) by this checkout gear (4).
10. system of processing according to claim 9, wherein, described numerically controlled processing equipment (5) is horizontal Machining centers, described checkout gear is the contact measuring head (3) on the machine tool chief axis (6) for being installed to described horizontal Machining centers, and detection signal can be radioed to the numerical control unit of described numerically controlled processing equipment (5) by this contact measuring head (3).
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