CN111887788B - Impedance detection method for capsule endoscope and capsule endoscope - Google Patents
Impedance detection method for capsule endoscope and capsule endoscope Download PDFInfo
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- CN111887788B CN111887788B CN202011048610.0A CN202011048610A CN111887788B CN 111887788 B CN111887788 B CN 111887788B CN 202011048610 A CN202011048610 A CN 202011048610A CN 111887788 B CN111887788 B CN 111887788B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/041—Capsule endoscopes for imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0538—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body invasively, e.g. using a catheter
Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses an impedance detection method for a capsule endoscope and the capsule endoscope. The capsule endoscope includes: a housing forming a cavity to isolate the interior of the capsule endoscope from the external environment; the impedance detection circuit is at least partially arranged in the shell and comprises an electrode, an excitation unit and a detection unit; the electrodes are arranged in the shell in contact with the external environment and comprise a first electrode and a second electrode which are arranged in the shell in a spaced mode; the excitation unit is electrically connected with the electrode and used for providing an excitation signal; the detection unit is connected to the impedance detection circuit to obtain the electrical quantity, and obtains the impedance value of the external environment according to the electrical quantity. According to the impedance detection method and the capsule endoscope of the embodiment of the invention, impedance detection can be performed while endoscopy is performed, so that more comprehensive detection information is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an impedance detection method for a capsule endoscope and the capsule endoscope.
Background
With the increasing use of capsule endoscopes in clinic, people have more and more abundant functional requirements on the capsule endoscopes.
For example, digestive tract impedance detection is of great importance for disease diagnosis, especially for detecting impedance of esophagus, and is extremely important for diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The capsule endoscopes in the prior art often have only single image acquisition capability, and if further diagnostic basis is needed, the patient can only be checked again by other instruments. That is, when the patient needs to perform impedance detection, the patient cannot perform impedance detection by the existing capsule endoscope, and thus other detection can be performed only by other devices.
Therefore, there is a need for an impedance detection method and a capsule endoscope that can be used for a capsule endoscope to perform impedance detection at the same time as endoscopy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an impedance detection method for a capsule endoscope and a capsule endoscope, which can perform endoscopy while performing impedance detection, thereby providing more accurate and comprehensive information for disease diagnosis to assist medical staff in improving the accuracy of disease diagnosis.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a capsule endoscope comprising: a housing forming a cavity to isolate an interior of the capsule endoscope from an external environment; an impedance detection circuit, disposed at least partially within the housing, including an electrode, an excitation unit, and a detection unit; the electrode is arranged on the shell in contact with the external environment and comprises a first electrode and a second electrode which are arranged on the shell in a spaced mode; the excitation unit is electrically connected with the electrode and used for providing an excitation signal; the detection unit is connected to the impedance detection circuit to obtain electrical quantity, and the impedance value of the external environment is obtained according to the electrical quantity; wherein the first electrode and the second electrode each comprise an inner electrode and an outer electrode; the internal electrode is positioned on the inner wall of the shell; the external electrode is positioned on the outer wall of the shell; the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the first electrode are opposed to each other to form a first capacitance; the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the second electrode are opposite to each other to form a second capacitance.
Preferably, the impedance detection circuit further comprises a first resistor connected in series to the impedance detection circuit, and the excitation signal is an alternating voltage signal; the electric quantity acquired by the detection unit comprises a voltage value of the alternating voltage signal, a resistance value of the first resistor, a capacitance value of the first capacitor, a capacitance value of the second capacitor and a voltage value at two ends of the first resistor; the detection unit calculates the impedance of the external environment according to the electrical quantity by a formula (1), wherein the formula (1) is as follows,
preferably, the impedance detection circuit further comprises a first resistor connected in series to the impedance detection circuit, and the excitation signal is an alternating voltage signal; the electric quantity acquired by the detection unit comprises a voltage value of the alternating voltage signal, a resistance value of the first resistor, capacitance values of the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and voltage values at two ends of the first capacitor and the second capacitor; the detection unit calculates the impedance of the external environment according to the electrical quantity by a formula (2), wherein the formula (2) is as follows,
preferably, the first resistor is connected in series with the first electrode and the second electrode.
Preferably, the electrode is arranged on the shell through a metal insert injection molding process; the first electrode and/or the second electrode and the outer wall of the shell form a smooth curved surface.
Preferably, the capsule endoscope further comprises: and the at least one lens is positioned in the shell and used for acquiring image information, and the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is 10mm-30 mm.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an impedance detection method for a capsule endoscope, comprising the steps of: forming an impedance detection circuit; a stimulation unit in the impedance detection circuit generates a stimulation signal; a detection unit in the impedance detection unit acquires an electric quantity in the impedance detection circuit; calculating an impedance value according to the electrical quantity, wherein the impedance detection circuit comprises a first electrode and a second electrode; the first electrode and the second electrode each comprise an inner electrode and an outer electrode; the internal electrode is positioned on the inner wall of the shell; the external electrode is positioned on the outer wall of the shell; the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the first electrode are opposed to each other to form a first capacitance; the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the second electrode are opposite to each other to form a second capacitance.
According to the impedance detection method for the capsule endoscope and the capsule endoscope, impedance detection can be performed while endoscopy is performed, so that more comprehensive detection information is provided for diseases.
According to the impedance detection method for the capsule endoscope and the capsule endoscope, the impedance of a specific part can be collected, and fine detection is realized.
According to the impedance detection method for the capsule endoscope and the capsule endoscope, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the electrode is simple in structure and convenient to process, and can be compatible with the mainstream capsule endoscope process.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a capsule endoscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an impedance detection circuit of a capsule endoscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3 (a), (b), (c) are right-side schematic views showing different forms of electrodes of a capsule endoscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention, respectively;
FIGS. 4 (a) and (b) show a cross-sectional view and a right-side view, respectively, of a capsule endoscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an impedance detection circuit of a capsule endoscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a capsule endoscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of an impedance detection method for a capsule endoscope according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements in the various figures are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals. For purposes of clarity, the various features in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Moreover, certain well-known elements may not be shown in the figures.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following description, numerous specific details of the invention, such as structure, materials, dimensions, processing techniques and techniques of components, are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
It will be understood that when a layer, region or layer is referred to as being "on" or "over" another layer, region or layer in describing the structure of the component, it can be directly on the other layer, region or layer or intervening layers or regions may also be present. Also, if the component is turned over, one layer or region may be "under" or "beneath" another layer or region. "connect" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, an integral connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 4 (a) and 5, the present invention provides a capsule endoscope including a housing 101, a battery 102, a circuit board 104, and an electrode 200. The electrode 200 comprises, for example, a first electrode 210 and a second electrode 220 mounted to the housing 101 in spaced relation to each other, and at least a portion of the first electrode 210 and at least a portion of the second electrode 220 are in contact with the external environment.
Illustratively, the impedance measured by the capsule endoscope provided by the present application can be used to determine the condition of esophageal reflux. Herein, the oesophageal reflux refers to the reflux of the contents of the stomach and duodenum into the oesophagus, and the contents usually include digestive juice (e.g., gastric juice, bile, etc.) and swallowed food, etc. In the process of detecting impedance by the impedance capsule endoscope, when the contents flow into the esophagus and flow through the capsule endoscope, the impedance values measured by the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 are significantly changed. Through measurement for a period of time, a curve of the change of the impedance along with the time can be obtained according to the measured impedance value, and the change of the impedance value through the curve is helpful for understanding the esophagus reflux condition.
The housing 101 forms a closed cavity for isolating the interior of the capsule endoscope from the external environment and for containing the various components of the capsule endoscope.
A battery 102 is located within the housing 101 to provide power to power consuming components in the capsule endoscope. Optionally, the capsule endoscope further comprises a power management circuit (not shown) connected to the battery 102 for managing and controlling the power supply to the power consuming components.
The capsule endoscope includes an impedance detection circuit provided in the housing 101 for performing impedance detection on an external environment (particularly, an impedance portion to be measured in the external environment). The impedance detection circuit includes an electrode 200, an excitation unit 203, and a detection unit 204. Optionally, the impedance detection circuit further comprises a resistor.
The exciting unit 203 and the detecting unit 204 are arranged on the circuit board 104, the detecting unit 204 is used for acquiring electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit, the exciting unit 203 is connected with the electrode 200, and the exciting unit 203 is used for providing exciting signals for the impedance detection circuit.
The circuit board 104 is located within the housing 101 and is connected to a power source (battery 102) and the electrodes 200, respectively. The circuit board 104 is provided with various circuits to implement different functions. The circuit board 104 is further provided with one or more of a lighting circuit (not shown), an image acquisition circuit (not shown), a power management circuit (not shown), and a wireless transceiver circuit (not shown). The image acquisition circuit is used for acquiring images.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the excitation unit 203 is, for example, a circuit unit including a current source or a voltage source, and supplies an alternating excitation signal (for example, an alternating voltage excitation signal and an alternating current excitation signal) to the electrode 200, thereby alternating-current exciting the electrode 200. Alternatively, the excitation unit 203 is electrically connected to the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220, and supplies an excitation signal to the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220.
The detection unit 204 is configured to obtain an electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit, and obtain an impedance value of an external environment according to the obtained electrical quantity. Wherein, the external environment comprises a cavity environment, a pipeline environment and the like. Optionally, the detection unit 204 is a circuit or a sensor.
Optionally, the manner of acquiring the electrical quantity by the detection unit 204 includes measurement, calculation, invocation, and the like. That is, the electrical quantity is directly measured, a known electrical quantity is called, and a new electrical quantity is calculated from the already acquired electrical quantity. Optionally, the detection unit 204 includes a calculation module, which is capable of obtaining the electrical quantity required for obtaining the impedance value through calculation, and obtaining the impedance value of the external environment through calculation.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the capsule endoscope further comprises an MCU (micro controller Unit). The MCU (not shown) is connected to the detecting unit 204 to receive the data sent by the detecting unit 204 and calculate the data to obtain the impedance value of the impedance portion to be measured.
It should be noted that in this embodiment, the electrical quantity may be obtained by directly measuring by the detection unit 204, or by calculating by the detection unit 204 according to the measured electrical quantity. The electrical quantity acquired by the detection unit 204 may also include known quantities, and the detection unit 204 acquires the known quantities by means of calling, setting, and the like. The impedance detection circuit can be designed differently according to actual requirements. When the impedance detection circuits are different, the detection unit 204 needs different electrical quantities. The detection unit 204 may be arranged according to the actual impedance detection circuit.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, an impedance detection circuit for detecting impedance includes an excitation unit 203, an electrode 200, and a detection unit 204. The detection unit 204 is connected to the impedance detection circuit for detecting and acquiring the electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit. The connection relationship between the detection unit 204 and the impedance detection circuit is, for example, a series connection, a parallel connection, or a series-parallel connection, and may be designed according to actual conditions such as the electrical quantity to be detected and the circuit structure of the impedance detection circuit.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode 210 and/or the second electrode 220 are disposed on the housing 101 by a metal insert molding process. The first electrode 210 and/or the second electrode 220 are/is installed through a metal insert injection molding process, so that good sealing between the first electrode 210 and the shell 101 and between the second electrode 220 and the shell 101 can be ensured, the integrity of the capsule endoscope is ensured, and gas/liquid is prevented from entering a cavity enclosed by the shell 101 from a position between the electrode 200 and the shell 101.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the electrode 200 and the outer wall of the housing 101 form a smooth curved surface. That is, the outer surface of the capsule endoscope is a smooth curved surface, or a bend in the outer surface of the capsule endoscope (e.g., the portion of the first electrode 210 and/or the second electrode 220 exposed outside of the housing 101) adopts a smooth curved surface transition.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spacing between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 is 10mm to 30 mm. In this embodiment, the distance between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 in the above range is used, so that the capsule endoscope can be ensured to cover a larger detection range in the impedance detection process, and on the premise of ensuring the detection accuracy, the sampling frequency of the impedance detection resistor is reduced, so that the power consumption of the impedance detection circuit is reduced, the working time of the capsule endoscope is prolonged, and the capsule endoscope is further facilitated to obtain more comprehensive detection data.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the capsule endoscope further comprises at least one lens 103 disposed inside the housing 101 for acquiring image information. The first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 are disposed outside the photographing field of view of the lens 103. Optionally, the lens 103 is mounted above the image sensor in the image acquisition circuit.
Optionally, the capsule endoscope comprises a transparent front shell and an opaque rear shell. Wherein the electrode 200 is arranged on the opaque back shell.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the capsule endoscope having the impedance detection circuit can acquire impedance information at the same time as image acquisition, thereby providing more comprehensive examination information to a doctor.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, the capsule endoscope 10 may further include a lens 103, and the external environment is observed through the lens 103, so that the capsule endoscope can collect the impedance of a specific part, and can realize fine detection. In practical detection, the capsule endoscope can observe the external environment (for example, search for a suspected lesion) through the lens and acquire a corresponding image. When the capsule endoscope moves to the position of the suspected lesion after finding the suspected lesion or when the capsule endoscope moves to a preset position, the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 of the capsule endoscope are in contact with the position, and the impedance value of the impedance part to be measured is measured.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an impedance detection circuit of a capsule endoscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the impedance detecting circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes an electrode 200, an exciting unit 203, a detecting unit 204, and a first resistor 205. In the present embodiment, the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 each include an inner electrode and an outer electrode. The external electrode is, for example, disposed on an outer wall of the housing 101 and is in direct contact with the external environment. The internal electrodes are provided on the inner wall of the casing 101, for example. The opposing portions of the external electrodes and the internal electrodes constitute a plate capacitor. The first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 form a first capacitance and a second capacitance, respectively. That is, the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the first electrode 210 are opposite to each other to form a first capacitance; the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the second electrode 220 are opposite to each other to form a second capacitance.
Specifically, at least a portion of the first electrode 210 and at least a portion of the second electrode 220 are respectively in contact with the external environment (especially, the portion of the external environment where the impedance is to be measured). The first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 include, for example, an outer electrode and an inner electrode, respectively. The first electrode 210 includes, for example, a first external electrode 211 and a first internal electrode 212, and they are disposed opposite to each other to form a first capacitance. The second electrode 220 includes, for example, a second external electrode 221 and a second internal electrode 222, and they are oppositely disposed to form a second capacitance.
In the present embodiment, the excitation signal is an ac voltage signal; the electric quantity acquired by the detection unit 204 includes a voltage value of the alternating voltage signal, a resistance value of the first resistor 205, a voltage value across the first resistor 205, a capacitance value of the first capacitor, and a capacitance value of the second capacitor. Specifically, the electrode 200 includes a first electrode 210 and a second electrode 220. The first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 each include an outer electrode and an inner electrode. The external electrodes are located on the outer wall of the casing 101 and are in direct contact with the external environment (the impedance portion to be measured). The internal electrodes are located on the inner wall of the casing 101, for example, at positions corresponding to the external electrodes. The inner electrode and the outer electrode of the first electrode 210 are opposite to each other to form a first capacitance; the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the second electrode are opposed to each other to form a second capacitance.
As shown in fig. 2, a portion of the first electrode 210 where the first external electrode 211 and the first internal electrode 212 are opposite constitutes a first capacitor. The second external electrode 221 and the second internal electrode 222 of the second electrode 220 constitute a second capacitor at opposite portions. The first and second capacitances have fixed physical parameters (e.g., capacitance values, etc.). The capacitance values of the first capacitor and the second capacitor can be calculated through material characteristic parameters or the like, or obtained through testing.
When the impedance detection is carried out, the first capacitor and the second capacitor of the impedance detection circuit are both in contact with the impedance part to be detected, so that the impedance part to be detected is connected into the impedance detection circuit, and the impedance value of the impedance part to be detected is detected. The impedance detection circuit includes a stimulation unit 203, an electrode 200, and a first resistor 205. The excitation unit 203 is used for providing an alternating current excitation signal to the impedance detection circuit. The excitation unit 203 comprises a voltage source, for example providing a sinusoidal alternating voltage signal or other alternating signal. Optionally, the impedance detection circuit comprises a stimulation unit 203, an electrode 200 and a first resistor 205 in series. Optionally, the first resistor 205 is connected in series with the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the circuit structure of the impedance detection circuit may be designed according to actual requirements.
The detection unit 204 is connected to the impedance detection circuit to obtain the electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit. The detection unit 204 includes, for example, a voltage sensor or a voltage detection circuit, and is configured to measure a voltage value. The impedance detection circuit connected to the detection unit 204 may be, for example, a series circuit, a parallel circuit, or a series-parallel circuit, and the specific connection position may be designed according to the actual conditions of the electrical quantity to be detected, the circuit structure of the impedance detection circuit, and the like. In one embodiment, the detection unit 204 is connected in parallel across a resistor, for example.
The detection unit 204 may calculate the impedance of the impedance portion to be measured according to the following formula (1) according to the obtained electrical quantity, for example, according to the obtained voltage value at the two ends of the resistor and the voltage value of the ac voltage signal (the ac excitation signal provided by the excitation unit), the resistance value of the first resistor 205, the capacitance value of the first capacitor, and the capacitance value of the second capacitor.
Where V1 represents a voltage value across the first resistor 205, V represents a value of the ac voltage signal, R represents a resistance value of the first resistor 205, C1 represents a capacitance value of the first capacitor, C2 represents a capacitance value of the second capacitor, and Z represents an impedance value of the impedance portion to be measured.
In the above formula (1), only when the impedance Z to be measured is an unknown value, the detection unit 204 may obtain the impedance Z of the impedance portion to be measured through calculation.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the voltage value of the ac voltage signal in the impedance detection circuit, the resistance value of the first resistor 205, and the capacitance values of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are all known quantities, and are stored in corresponding storage media (not shown). The detection unit 204 may obtain the known quantity by calling or the like.
In this embodiment, the detection unit 204 obtains the voltage value V1 at both ends of the first resistor 205 directly by measurement, and obtains the impedance value Z of the impedance portion to be measured by the formula (1) by calling the known resistance value R of the first resistor 205, the ac voltage signal V, the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, and the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor.
In other embodiments, the detection unit 204 directly obtains the resistance value R of the first resistor 205, the voltage value V1 at two ends of the first resistor 205, the ac voltage signal V, the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, and the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor by measurement, and obtains the impedance value Z of the impedance part to be measured through the calculation of formula (1).
In an embodiment of the present invention, the detection unit 204 comprises a calculation module. The calculation module can calculate the impedance value Z of the impedance part to be measured according to the above formula (1) according to the acquired resistance value R, the voltage value V1 at the two ends of the first resistor 205, the alternating voltage signal V, the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, and the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor.
In other optional embodiments, the capsule endoscope further comprises a processing module (micro processing unit) which calls the electrical quantity measured by the detection unit 204 and/or information pre-stored in a storage medium, so as to calculate the impedance of the impedance part to be measured.
In another embodiment of the present invention, when both the first capacitor and the second capacitor of the capsule endoscope are in contact with the impedance part to be measured, the impedance detection circuit forms a path, the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected in series through the impedance part to be measured, and the detection unit 204 is connected in parallel to both ends (not shown) of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to obtain the voltage value across both ends of the first capacitor and the second capacitor by measurement. The detection unit 204 also obtains a voltage value of the ac voltage signal, a resistance value of the first resistor 205, a capacitance value of the first capacitor, and a capacitance value of the second capacitor. The detection unit 204 derives the external environment impedance according to the electrical quantity. Alternatively, the voltage divider device in the impedance detection circuit includes only the first resistor 205, the first capacitor, and the second capacitor. The detection unit 204 measures the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the second capacitor, and combines the voltage division principle to obtain the voltage values at the two ends of the first resistor. In the above embodiment, the ac voltage signal emitted by the excitation unit 203 is a sinusoidal ac voltage signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the detecting unit 204 calculates the impedance of the impedance portion to be measured according to the acquired electrical quantity, for example, according to the acquired voltage values at the two ends of the first capacitor and the second capacitor, the voltage value of the ac voltage signal (the ac exciting signal provided by the exciting unit), the resistance value of the first resistor 205, the capacitance value of the first capacitor, and the capacitance value of the second capacitor, by the following formula (2).
Where V2 represents a voltage value across the first capacitor and the second capacitor, V represents a value of the ac voltage signal, R represents a resistance value of the first resistor 205, C1 represents a capacitance value of the first capacitor, C2 represents a capacitance value of the second capacitor, and Z represents an impedance value of the impedance portion to be measured. In this embodiment, the acquisition and calculation of the electrical quantity are similar to the previous embodiments, and are not described herein again.
Fig. 3 (a), (b), (c) are right-side schematic views showing different forms of electrodes of the capsule endoscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively. As shown in fig. 3, the shape of the electrode 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is, for example, a ring shape (as shown in (b) of fig. 3), a semicircle shape (as shown in (a) of fig. 3), or a square shape (as shown in (c) of fig. 3), etc. The shape of the electrode 200 is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present invention, and the specific shape can be adjusted according to actual needs, so long as it is convenient to contact the impedance portion to be detected to form a complete and effective impedance detection circuit. The electrode 200 is, for example, a conductive metal thin film. The external electrode may be formed by a plating process, for example, the external electrode is a physical vapor deposition gold film or a titanium film having a thickness of 50 μm to 100 μm. The external electrode can also be formed by directly and integrally molding a 316L medical stainless steel sheet and a plastic shell through a metal insert injection molding process, wherein the thickness of the stainless steel sheet is 50-200 mu m. The inner electrode can be prepared by the same processing method as the outer electrode or by a processing method different from that of the outer electrode.
In the embodiment, the preparation process of the electrode of the capsule endoscope is simple, the process difficulty is low, and the electrode has low cost and good practicability.
Fig. 4 (a) and (b) show a sectional view and a right-side view of a capsule endoscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention, respectively. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the capsule endoscope of the second embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 101, a battery 102, a circuit board 104, and electrodes 200. Compared with the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the present invention is mainly different in that the electrode 200 penetrates the housing 101, and the impedance value of the impedance portion to be measured is calculated by mainly measuring the voltage value between the two electrodes and the current value of the impedance detection circuit. The electrical quantity obtained by the detection unit 204 includes a voltage value between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 and a current value of the impedance detection circuit (between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220).
In the present embodiment, the electrode 200 is located on the capsule endoscope and can be in direct contact with the external environment, so as to facilitate the detection of the impedance of the contacted substance. Optionally, the electrode 200 is inserted through and embedded in the housing 101. Specifically, the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 respectively penetrate through the casing 101 into the inside of the casing 101.
Specifically, the electrode 200 includes, for example, a first electrode 210 and a second electrode 220. The two electrodes respectively penetrate through the shell 101, are in contact with the impedance part to be measured of the digestive tract, and are directly and electrically connected with the excitation unit 203 and the detection unit 204 inside. The electrode 200 is made of, for example, 316L stainless steel, and the diameter of the electrode is preferably 1mm to 2 mm. Optionally, the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 are mounted using a metal insert molding process.
As shown in fig. 5, the impedance detecting circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes an electrode 200, an exciting unit 203, and a detecting unit 204, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the circuit structure of the impedance detecting circuit may be designed according to actual requirements. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the impedance detection circuit comprises the excitation unit 203, the detection unit 204 and the electrode 200 which are connected in series, and the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 respectively penetrate through the casing 101 into the casing and are in contact with the external environment.
The electrode 200 includes two electrodes (a first electrode 210 and a second electrode 220) that extend through the housing 101. The electrode 200 is in direct contact with the substance to be detected (the portion of the impedance to be detected) of the external digestive tract. The excitation unit 203 is connected to the electrode 200 for providing an excitation signal. The excitation signal provided by the excitation unit 203 is, for example, an alternating voltage excitation signal.
In performing impedance detection, the impedance detection circuit includes an excitation unit 203, an electrode 200, an impedance portion to be detected (e.g., the digestive tract), and a detection unit 204. The excitation unit 203 is used for providing an alternating current excitation signal to the impedance detection circuit. The ac excitation signal may be a sinusoidal ac voltage signal.
The detection unit 204 is connected to the impedance detection circuit for detecting the electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit. The detection unit 204 may obtain the voltage value between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 and the current value in the impedance detection circuit by direct measurement or calculation. The detection unit 204 derives the external environment impedance according to the acquired electrical quantity. The detection unit 204 includes, for example, a current sensor or a current detection circuit, etc., for measuring a current value in the impedance detection circuit. The connection mode of the detection unit 204 and the impedance detection circuit is, for example, series, parallel, or series-parallel, and may be designed according to actual conditions such as the electrical quantity to be detected and the circuit structure of the impedance detection circuit. Optionally, the detection unit 204 is connected in series to the impedance detection circuit. The detection unit 204 is used to detect the value of the current flowing through the impedance detection circuit. The impedance of the impedance portion to be measured can be calculated according to the following formula (3).
Wherein Z represents the impedance value of the impedance part to be measured; v represents a voltage value across the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220; i represents a current value of the impedance detection circuit.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the voltage value V across the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 is a sinusoidal ac voltage signal, and the information can be stored in a storage medium. The detection unit 204 detects a current value I flowing through the impedance detection circuit, obtains a sinusoidal ac voltage signal V, and obtains an impedance value Z of the impedance portion to be detected through operation.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the impedance detection circuit further comprises a second resistor (not shown) connected in series with the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220. At this time, the voltage across the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 is not the value of the ac voltage, but is a voltage divided by the second resistance. The detection unit 204 obtains the voltage value between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 and the current value in the impedance detection circuit by direct measurement, calculation, and/or calling. The detection unit 204 derives the external environment impedance according to the acquired electrical quantity. Alternatively, the detection unit 204 calculates the voltage value between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 by calling and acquiring the known voltage value of the ac voltage and the resistance value of the second resistor, and measuring and acquiring the current value in the impedance detection circuit, so as to obtain the impedance value of the impedance part to be detected.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the detection unit 204 comprises a calculation module. The calculation module obtains the detected current value I and the known voltage values V at the two ends of the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220, and calculates the impedance value Z of the impedance part to be measured according to the above formula.
In addition, a processing module (micro processing unit) may be further disposed in the capsule endoscope, and the processing module invokes the electrical quantity measured by the detection unit 204 and/or information in a pre-stored and stored medium, so as to calculate the impedance of the impedance portion to be measured.
As shown in FIG. 6, a capsule endoscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown. A third embodiment of the present invention is a further improvement of the first and second embodiments, in which the lenses 103 are, for example, two (i.e., a first lens and a second lens), the first lens is disposed at one end of the capsule endoscope for acquiring image information in the first direction; the second lens is arranged at the other end of the capsule endoscope and used for acquiring image information in a second direction. Optionally, the lens 103 includes a plurality of lenses, respectively disposed at different portions of the capsule endoscope to acquire image information in different directions. In this embodiment, the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions along the axial direction of the capsule, and in other embodiments, the first direction and the second direction can be adjusted as required.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 4 (a) and 6, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the capsule endoscope further includes a light source (not shown), a structural fixing member 106, an antenna 107, an electrical connection member 108 and a magnet (not shown).
A structural mount 106 is located within the housing 101 for securing at least one component of the capsule endoscope. Optionally, the structure fixing member 106 is connected to the lens 103 and the circuit board 104, respectively, for fixing the lens 103 and the circuit board 104, so as to ensure that the components inside the capsule endoscope are distributed in order, and reduce the influence on impedance detection and the like caused by the movement of the components. Specifically, the structural fastener 106 may be a fastener or the like having multiple mounting locations (for mounting different components).
An antenna 107 is located within the housing 101 for receiving external control commands and for transmitting at least one type of information. The signal emitted by the antenna 107 includes, for example, an image signal captured by the capsule endoscope and the detected impedance. Optionally, the capsule endoscope further comprises a wireless transceiver circuit. Radio transceiver circuitry is provided, for example, on the circuit board 104, which is electrically and/or communicatively connected to the antenna 107. The wireless transceiver circuit is used to convert image information acquired by the lens 103 into a signal carrying the image information that can be transmitted by the antenna 107, for example. The radio transceiver circuit is used, for example, to convert the impedance value detected by the impedance detection circuit into a signal carrying impedance information (value) that can be transmitted by the antenna 107. The wireless transceiver circuit converts an external control command received by the antenna 107 into a control signal usable inside the capsule endoscope, for example.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the capsule endoscope further comprises an electrical connection 108. Electrical connections 108 are located within housing 101. Electrical connections 108 are connected to cell 102 and electrode 200, respectively. Optionally, the detection unit is connected with the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 via the electrical connection 108 to obtain electrical quantities. Optionally, electrical connections 108 are located within the housing 101 and are connected to the electrodes 200 and the circuit board 104, respectively, for the formation of an impedance detection circuit. In this embodiment, the electrical connector 108 may be a wire or a post.
The magnet is positioned in the shell 101 and is used for controlling the position and the posture of the capsule endoscope. The magnet can drive the capsule endoscope to move under the control of an external magnetic field, and the position and/or the posture of the capsule endoscope can be adjusted and controlled.
The invention also provides a method for detecting impedance of a capsule endoscope, and as shown in fig. 7, the impedance detection method for the capsule endoscope of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
in step S701, an impedance detection circuit is formed;
the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220 of the capsule endoscope are respectively contacted with the impedance part to be detected to form an impedance detection circuit.
In step S702, an excitation unit in the impedance detection circuit generates an excitation signal;
the excitation unit 203 in the impedance detection circuit generates an excitation signal, which may be a sinusoidal alternating voltage signal, and provides the excitation signal to the impedance detection circuit.
In step S703, the detection unit in the impedance detection circuit acquires an electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit;
the detection unit 204 in the impedance detection circuit acquires the electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit. The manner of obtaining the electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit may be detection, calculation, and/or invocation.
In step S704, an impedance value is calculated from the electrical quantity.
According to the electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit, the processing module (micro-processing unit) or the calculation module in the detection unit 204 calculates the impedance value of the impedance part to be detected according to a preset algorithm.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
While embodiments in accordance with the invention have been described above, these embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A capsule endoscope, comprising:
a housing forming a cavity to isolate an interior of the capsule endoscope from an external environment;
an impedance detection circuit, disposed at least partially within the housing, including an electrode, an excitation unit, and a detection unit;
the electrode is arranged on the shell in contact with the external environment and comprises a first electrode and a second electrode which are arranged on the shell in a spaced mode;
the excitation unit is electrically connected with the electrode and used for providing an excitation signal;
the detection unit is connected to the impedance detection circuit to obtain electrical quantity, and the impedance value of the external environment is obtained according to the electrical quantity;
wherein the first electrode and the second electrode each comprise an inner electrode and an outer electrode;
the internal electrode is positioned on the inner wall of the shell;
the external electrode is positioned on the outer wall of the shell;
the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the first electrode are opposed to each other to form a first capacitance; the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the second electrode are opposite to each other to form a second capacitance.
2. The capsule endoscope of claim 1, wherein the impedance detection circuit further comprises a first resistor connected in series to the impedance detection circuit, the excitation signal being an alternating voltage signal;
the electric quantity acquired by the detection unit comprises a voltage value of the alternating voltage signal, a resistance value of the first resistor, a capacitance value of the first capacitor, a capacitance value of the second capacitor and a voltage value at two ends of the first resistor;
the detection unit calculates the impedance of the external environment according to the electrical quantity by a formula (1), wherein the formula (1) is as follows,
wherein V1 represents a voltage value across the first resistor, V represents a value of the ac voltage signal, R represents a resistance value of the first resistor, C1 represents a capacitance value of the first capacitor, C2 represents a capacitance value of the second capacitor, and Z represents an impedance value of the impedance portion to be measured.
3. The capsule endoscope of claim 1, wherein the impedance detection circuit further comprises a first resistor connected in series to the impedance detection circuit, the excitation signal being an alternating voltage signal;
the electric quantity acquired by the detection unit comprises a voltage value of the alternating voltage signal, a resistance value of the first resistor, capacitance values of the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and voltage values at two ends of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
the detection unit calculates the impedance of the external environment according to the electrical quantity by a formula (2), wherein the formula (2) is as follows,
wherein V2 represents a voltage value across the first capacitor and the second capacitor, V represents a value of the alternating voltage signal, R represents a resistance value of the first resistor, C1 represents a capacitance value of the first capacitor, C2 represents a capacitance value of the second capacitor, and Z represents an impedance value of an impedance portion to be measured.
4. The capsule endoscope of claim 2 or 3, wherein the first resistor is connected in series with the first electrode and the second electrode.
5. The capsule endoscope of claim 1, wherein the electrode is disposed to the housing by a metal insert molding process;
and the first electrode and/or the second electrode and the outer wall of the shell form a smooth curved surface.
6. The capsule endoscope of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one lens inside the housing for acquiring image information,
the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is 10mm-30 mm.
7. An impedance detection method for a capsule endoscope, comprising the steps of:
forming an impedance detection circuit;
a stimulation unit in the impedance detection circuit generates a stimulation signal;
a detection unit in the impedance detection circuit acquires electrical quantity in the impedance detection circuit;
calculating an impedance value from the electrical quantity,
wherein the impedance detection circuit comprises a first electrode and a second electrode;
the first electrode and the second electrode each comprise an inner electrode and an outer electrode;
the inner electrode is located on an inner wall of a housing of the capsule endoscope;
the external electrode is positioned on the outer wall of the shell of the capsule endoscope;
the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the first electrode are opposed to each other to form a first capacitance; the inner electrode and the outer electrode of the second electrode are opposite to each other to form a second capacitance.
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| CN113985238B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-11 | 极限人工智能有限公司 | Control circuit for withstand voltage and ESD test, withstand voltage test method and endoscope |
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| CN209059205U (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-07-05 | 重庆金山医疗器械有限公司 | The detection of esophagus multi-parameter, physical therapy integrated system |
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| CN209392567U (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2019-09-17 | 上海安翰医疗技术有限公司 | Alimentary canal device for administration of drugs and its application capsule |
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| CN105342543A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-02-24 | 重庆金山科技（集团）有限公司 | Multi-parameter wireless esophagus detection capsule and detection control system |
| CN209059205U (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-07-05 | 重庆金山医疗器械有限公司 | The detection of esophagus multi-parameter, physical therapy integrated system |
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