CN111883906B - High-low frequency composite structure base station antenna loaded with artificial magnetic conductor structure reflecting plate - Google Patents
High-low frequency composite structure base station antenna loaded with artificial magnetic conductor structure reflecting plate Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
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- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-low frequency composite structure base station antenna loaded with an artificial magnetic conductor structure reflecting plate, and belongs to the field of wireless communication. The antenna comprises a high-frequency antenna unit, a low-frequency antenna unit, a dielectric substrate I and a reflecting plate; the high-frequency antenna unit consists of 4 pairwise orthogonal 4 multiplied by 4 rectangular microstrip array antennas; the low-frequency antenna unit consists of 2 pairs of leaf-shaped dipole patches, 2 crossed and orthogonal crescent microstrip feed lines and a rectangular feed line bridge; the low-frequency antenna unit is coupled with the dipole patch for feeding through 2 orthogonal crescent microstrip feeders; the super-surface structure in the reflecting plate is formed by periodically arranging metal patches on a dielectric substrate II; the periodic structure is a rectangular patch array with 6 multiplied by 6 etched 4 '5' shaped slots on a rectangular metal patch. The invention solves the problems of simple feeding mode, easy realization, low profile height, multi-frequency and capability of realizing 5G/4G/3G multi-system coverage of the base station antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and relates to a high-low frequency composite structure base station antenna loaded with an artificial magnetic conductor structure reflecting plate.
Background
With the rapid development of mobile communication systems, a plurality of communication standards coexist in a cellular wireless network. In the case where 5G (fifth generation mobile communication system) is already in commercial use but is not yet mature and 4G is still the main communication system, coexistence of multi-system co-site becomes a problem that must be solved in the future. Meanwhile, the base station overhead resources of the current mobile communication system are scarce, and the forest establishment of base stations in a plurality of residential areas also causes residents who fear electromagnetic radiation to reject new base station antenna construction. Therefore, the development direction of the base station antenna mainly has the following aspects: a plurality of frequency bands; secondly, miniaturization is realized; and thirdly, broadband.
At present, the main dual-band dual-polarized base station antenna can realize 5G/4G/3G multi-system coverage, and meanwhile, the dual polarization can realize polarization diversity, reduce multipath fading and interference and improve the channel capacity of a communication system. The Ministry of industry and communications in 2017 publishes a 24.75GHz-27.5GHz frequency band as a millimeter wave frequency band for 5G technology research and development tests in China. Meanwhile, the multi-frequency dual-polarized antenna covering 3G, 4G and 5G millimeter wave frequency bands has huge application prospect in a 5G mobile communication system.
The existing base station antenna mainly adopts the following technologies: (1) the high/low frequency antenna units are combined, such as high and low frequency units are nested side by side and high frequency units are nested coaxially in the centers of bowl-shaped low frequency units, and double-frequency dual polarization is realized; (2) coupling is carried out between the loaded resonator or the parasitic branch and the original feed branch, and a new resonance mode is introduced, so that the multi-frequency of the antenna is realized; (3) the short-circuit wall or the probe is loaded, so that the antenna can resonate at a quarter wavelength, and the size of the antenna is reduced to achieve the effect of miniaturization; (4) the antenna radiation oscillator is bent or grooved on the oscillator by adopting a meander technology, a current path is increased under the condition that the electrical size is not changed, the size of the antenna is reduced, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized.
However, the prior art has the following disadvantages: the existing base station antenna adopts a loading resonator or a parasitic stub to introduce a new resonance mode to widen the frequency band, which can cause the problem of directional diagram bandwidth; the 'side-by-side' arrangement and coaxial nesting of the high-frequency and low-frequency units can cause the problems of low isolation, asymmetric directional diagram and the like caused by high-frequency and low-frequency mutual coupling; loading the shorting wall or shorting probe reduces the efficiency and gain characteristics of the antenna; increasing the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate can also generally reduce the size of the antenna under the condition that the resonant frequency is not changed, but an excessive dielectric constant can consume a large amount of energy, so that the problems of low gain of the antenna, time domain waveform distortion of a transmitted signal and the like are caused; miniaturization of antennas by meander technology increases the lateral dimensions of the radiator portion of the antenna, and the asymmetry of the radiator structure also leads to excessive cross-polarization and thus to a deterioration of the directivity of the antenna.
Therefore, there is a need for a high-low frequency composite structure base station antenna which has a simple feeding method, is easy to implement, has a low profile height, is multi-frequency, can implement 5G/4G/3G multi-system coverage, and is suitable for the current fifth generation mobile communication system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a high-low frequency composite structure base station antenna loaded with an artificial magnetic conductor structure reflection plate, which meets the stricter performance requirements of the fifth generation mobile communication service, and is deployed in a limited space with excellent performance and covers more frequency bands so as to meet the multi-system communication system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-low frequency composite structure base station antenna loaded with an artificial magnetic conductor structure reflecting plate comprises a high-frequency antenna unit, a low-frequency antenna unit and a dielectric substrate I;
the high-frequency antenna unit consists of 4 pairwise orthogonal 4 multiplied by 4 rectangular microstrip array antennas 1 and is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate I;
the low-frequency antenna unit consists of 2 pairs of leaf- shaped dipole patches 3, 2 crossed and orthogonal crescent microstrip feed lines 2 and a rectangular feed bridge, wherein the crescent microstrip feed lines are arranged on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate I, and the leaf-shaped dipole patches and the rectangular feed bridge are arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate I; the low-frequency antenna unit is coupled with the leaf-shaped dipole patch for feeding through 2 orthogonal crescent-shaped microstrip feed lines;
the high frequency antenna element and the low frequency antenna element are independently fed.
Furthermore, the antenna also comprises a reflecting plate which adopts a four-layer structure of a super-surface structure, a dielectric substrate II, air and a metal plate from top to bottom; the super-surface structure is realized by artificial magnetic conductors and is formed by periodically arranging metal patches on a dielectric substrate II; the periodic structure is a rectangular patch array with 6 multiplied by 6 etched 4 '5' type gaps on a rectangular metal patch.
Further, the 4 × 4 rectangular microstrip array antenna 1 connects 4 microstrip array units together through 1 feeding center pad 101 and 2 microstrip lines iii 106; each microstrip array unit comprises 4 high- frequency patch units 102, 1 bow- shaped microstrip line 103, 2 microstrip lines I104 and a microstrip line II 105;
the high-frequency patch unit 102 is concave; two ends of the arc-shaped microstrip line 103 are respectively connected with the middle parts of the grooves of the two high-frequency patch units 102; the thick end of the microstrip line I104 is connected with the middle part of the bow-shaped microstrip line 103, and the thin end is connected with the thick end of the microstrip line II 105; the thick end of the microstrip line II 105 is vertically connected with the thin ends of the two microstrip lines I104 through a quarter of circular arc; the thick end of the microstrip line III 106 is vertically connected with the thin ends of the two microstrip lines II 105, and the thin ends are connected to the feed central bonding pad 101; two microstrip lines iii 106 are connected in a straight line by the feed center pad 101.
Furthermore, the arc parts of the 2 crossed and orthogonal crescent microstrip feed lines have the same size, and the rectangular parts have different lengths, wherein the crescent microstrip feed line II 202 is connected with the rectangular microstrip line II 204 through the rectangular microstrip line I203.
Furthermore, holes matched with the leaf-shaped dipole patches are reserved at the rectangular tail parts of the two crescent-shaped microstrip feeder lines.
Further, 2 pairs of leaf-shaped dipole patches are placed in a plus-minus 45-degree cross polarization mode.
Furthermore, the 4 pairwise orthogonal 4 × 4 rectangular microstrip array antennas are arranged pairwise orthogonally in the positive and negative 45-degree directions of the non-radiation edge of the radiation unit.
Furthermore, the low-frequency antenna unit adopts double coaxial feeding and is coupled with the leaf-shaped dipole patch through a crescent microstrip feeder for feeding.
Furthermore, the length of a current path can be changed by controlling the radius of a circular cut angle of the leaf-shaped dipole patch to move a resonance frequency point, so that the impedance matching bandwidth is changed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the base station antenna of the invention is different from the traditional base station antenna (the working frequency band of the existing multi-frequency base station antenna applied to the fifth generation mobile communication system is mostly Sub-6G, and has defects in impedance bandwidth, directional diagram stability, antenna volume and high-low frequency antenna coupling), the working frequency band of the base station antenna respectively covers 0.69-1.08GHz and 24.23-26.98GHz, and has good impedance matching, port isolation and directional diagram stability in the frequency band, the invention has the characteristic of low section miniaturization, can directionally transmit and receive signals, can complete information interaction with mobile communication equipment, and can meet the requirement of the fifth generation communication system for coexistence of multi-system systems. The invention has the following advantages:
1) the impedance matching relative bandwidth of the high-low frequency band antenna has the characteristic of wide frequency band.
2) The high-low frequency antenna radiator is parasitic and shares the medium substrate, and the miniaturization of the antenna is indirectly realized.
3) The profile height is low, only 0.139 lambda (lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the low frequency band), and the problem of resource shortage of the antenna of the base station is solved.
4) The millimeter wave frequency bands of LTE700/GSM800/GSM900 and 5G can be simultaneously covered.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a general top view of a base station antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an overall side view of the base station antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a high-frequency millimeter wave 4 × 4 rectangular microstrip array structure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a low frequency lobed dipole patch configuration;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the high-frequency rectangular microstrip array and the low-frequency lobed dipole patches;
FIG. 6 is a microstrip feed line structure diagram of a low frequency lobed dipole;
FIG. 7 is a top view of an artificial magnetic conductor reflector structure;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a periodic structure unit of an artificial magnetic conductor;
FIG. 9 is a side view of the connection of the base station antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows the low frequency S of the base station antenna of this embodiment11A simulation graph;
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a simulation of the isolation between two ports of the base station antenna at a low frequency according to the present embodiment;
fig. 12 shows the main polarization and cross polarization patterns of the base station antenna at low frequencies in this embodiment;
FIG. 13 shows the high frequency S of the base station antenna of this embodiment11And isolation between several ports;
fig. 14 is a high-frequency directional diagram of the base station antenna of the present embodiment;
fig. 15 is a simulation diagram of the gain of the base station antenna at high frequency in the present embodiment;
reference numerals: the antenna comprises a 1-4 multiplied by 4 rectangular microstrip array antenna, a 2-crescent microstrip feeder, a 3-leaf dipole patch, a 4-5-shaped slot rectangular patch, a 101-feed center pad, a 102-high-frequency patch unit, a 103-arch microstrip line, a 104-microstrip line I, a 105-microstrip line II, a 106-microstrip line III, a 201-crescent microstrip feeder I, a 202-crescent microstrip feeder II, a 203-rectangular microstrip line I, and a 204-rectangular microstrip line II.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1 to 15, fig. 1 is a high-frequency and low-frequency composite structure base station antenna loaded with a reflection plate of an artificial magnetic conductor structure according to the present invention, which includes a high-frequency antenna unit, a low-frequency antenna unit, a dielectric substrate i and a reflection plate. The high-frequency antenna unit is composed of 4 pairwise orthogonal 4 x 4 rectangular microstrip array antennas 1 and is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate I. The low-frequency antenna unit consists of 2 pairs of leaf- shaped dipole patches 3, 2 crossed and orthogonal crescent microstrip feed lines 2 and 1 rectangular feed bridge, wherein the crescent microstrip feed lines are arranged on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate I, and the leaf-shaped dipole patches and the rectangular feed bridge are arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate I; the low-frequency antenna unit is coupled with the leaf-shaped dipole patch for feeding through 2 orthogonal crescent-shaped microstrip feed lines. The high frequency antenna element and the low frequency antenna element are independently fed. As shown in fig. 1, 4 pairwise orthogonal 4 × 4 rectangular microstrip array antennas are placed pairwise orthogonally in the positive and negative 45-degree directions along the non-radiation edge of the radiation unit.
The reflecting plate adopts a four-layer structure of a super-surface structure, a dielectric substrate II, an air and a metal plate from top to bottom; the super-surface structure is realized by artificial magnetic conductors and is formed by periodically arranging metal patches on a dielectric substrate II; the periodic structure is a rectangular patch array with 6 multiplied by 6 etched 4 '5' type gaps on a rectangular metal patch.
As shown in fig. 3, the 4 × 4 rectangular microstrip array antenna connects 4 microstrip array units together through 1 feed center pad 101 and 2 microstrip lines iii 106; each microstrip array unit comprises 4 high- frequency patch units 102, 1 bow-shaped microstrip line 103, 2 microstrip lines I104 and a microstrip line II 105. The high-frequency patch unit 102 is concave; two ends of the arc-shaped microstrip line 103 are respectively connected with the middle parts of the grooves of the two high-frequency patch units 102; the thick end of the microstrip line I104 is connected with the middle part of the bow-shaped microstrip line 103, and the thin end is connected with the thick end of the microstrip line II 105; the thick end of the microstrip line II 105 is vertically connected with the thin ends of the two microstrip lines I104 through a quarter of arc (the inner radius r of the arc is 0.5 mm); the thick end of the microstrip line III 106 is vertically connected with the thin ends of the two microstrip lines II 105, and the thin ends are connected to the feed central bonding pad 101; two microstrip lines iii 106 are connected in a straight line by the feed center pad 101.
As shown in fig. 4, 2 pairs of lobed dipole patches are placed with plus and minus 45 degree cross polarization. The length of a current path can be changed by controlling the radius of a circular tangent angle of the leaf-shaped dipole patch to move a resonance frequency point, so that the impedance matching bandwidth is changed.
As shown in fig. 6, the arc portions of the 2 crossed and orthogonal crescent microstrip feed lines 2 have the same size, and the rectangular portions have different lengths, wherein the crescent microstrip feed line ii 202 is connected with the rectangular microstrip line ii 204 through the rectangular microstrip line i 203. Holes matched with the leaf-shaped dipole patches are reserved at the rectangular tail parts of the two crescent-shaped microstrip feeder lines.
As shown in fig. 9, the low-frequency antenna unit adopts dual coaxial feeding, and is fed by coupling the crescent microstrip feed line with the leaf-shaped dipole patch.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
1. Structural assembly
The base station antenna of the embodiment is composed of a microstrip feeder line, a rectangular array, a dielectric substrate I, a microstrip feed bridge, a leaf-shaped dipole antenna, a periodic structure, a dielectric substrate II and an aluminum plate from top to bottom. A dielectric substrate I shared by the high-frequency and low-frequency antenna radiators is made of Rogers RO4350(tm) and is 0.508mm thick. The upper surface of the dielectric substrate I is provided with 2 crossed and orthogonal crescent feeders and 4 pairwise orthogonal 4 multiplied by 4 rectangular microstrip array antennas, and the lower surface is provided with 2 pairs of leaf-shaped dipole patches and 1 rectangular feed bridge in the middle and is composed of copper sheets.
As shown in fig. 3, the outer ring diameter D1 of the feed center pad 101 is 1mm, and the pad ring width R1 is 0.05 mm. The groove of the high-frequency patch unit 102 has an outer length L1 of 2.74mm, a width W1 of 3.92mm, an inner length L2 of 1.86mm, and a width W2 of 0.58 mm. The length L3 of the arcuate microstrip line 103 is 7.07mm, the width W3 is 0.24mm, and the corner width W3' is 0.382 mm. The thick end length L4 of the microstrip line i 104 is 1.41mm, the width W4 is 0.6mm, the thin end length L5 is 1.97mm, and the width W5 is 0.24 mm. The thick end L6, the width W6, the thin end L7, and the width W7 of the microstrip line ii 105 are 2.67mm, 0.6mm, 8.62mm, and 0.24mm, respectively. The thick end L8, the width W8, the thin end L9, and the width W9 of the microstrip line iii 106 are 1.71mm, 0.6mm, 5.26mm, and 0.24mm, respectively.
As shown in fig. 4, the distance d between 2 pairs of leaf-shaped dipole patches is 1mm, the end-to-end distance is respectively L10-8.5 mm, and L11-11.3 mm; the radius R2 of the arc part of the leaf-shaped dipole patch is 18 mm; l12-68 mm and L13-7 mm. And the hole diameter D3 which is used for connecting the crescent microstrip feed line is 1.2mm and is arranged at the adjacent position of the leaf-shaped dipole patch. And the diameter D2 of the hole for connecting the rectangular microstrip array antenna is 0.69mm in the middle of each leaf-shaped dipole patch. As shown in fig. 5, the distance D2 between the center point of the high-frequency rectangular microstrip array antenna and the tip of the low-frequency lobed dipole patch is 48 mm.
As shown in fig. 6, the length L14 of the rectangular portion of the crescent microstrip feed line i is 19.5mm, and the width W14 is 0.8 mm; the length L168.5 of the rectangular part of the crescent microstrip feeder line II is equal to mm, and the width W16 is equal to 0.8 mm; the inner radius R3 of the arc parts of the crescent microstrip feed line I and the crescent microstrip feed line II is 9mm, and the width R4 of the arc parts is 1 mm. The length L17 of the rectangular microstrip line i 203 is 6mm, and the width W17 is 0.8 mm. The length L15 of the rectangular microstrip line ii is 8mm, and the width W15 is 0.8 mm.
As shown in fig. 7, the distance d1 between the rectangular patches of each "5" type slot is 4mm, the periodic structure is a 6 × 6 rectangular patch array of 4 "5" type slots etched on a rectangular metal patch, the length and width of each patch is L18 mm 348mm, and the length and width of the dielectric substrate ii is L448 mm.
As shown in fig. 8, in the "5" type structure inside each "5" type slotted rectangular patch, l 1-1.8 mm, l 2-4 mm, l 3-7 mm, l 4-6 mm, l 5-8 mm, l 6-7 mm, l 7-1 mm, l 8-8 mm, l 9-4 mm, l 10-4 mm, l 11-1.2 mm, l 12-5 mm, and R5-10 mm.
The reflector of the antenna in this embodiment is composed of a periodic structure, a dielectric substrate ii, an air layer, and an aluminum plate from top to bottom. The periodic structure is 6 multiplied by 6, and a rectangular patch array with 4 etched similar 5-shaped gaps is formed by copper sheets. The medium substrate II is made of FR4 and has a thickness of 1.5 mm. As shown in fig. 9, the height difference h2 between the aluminum plate and the dielectric substrate ii is 20mm, and the distance h1 between the dielectric substrate ii and the dielectric substrate i is 30 mm.
2. Connection relation and function between each part
The middle of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate I is provided with 2 orthogonal crescent microstrip feed lines, energy is fed into the crescent microstrip feed lines through coaxial lines, and then the 2 pairs of dipoles below the dielectric substrate I are respectively fed in a coupling mode. The rectangular feed bridge below the dielectric substrate I is used for solving the problem of feed line intersection.
2 pairs of dipoles on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate I are used for radiating electromagnetic waves, and the dipole is dual-polarized at a positive and negative 45 degrees and works in a low-frequency band; the microstrip rectangular array on the 4 corners of the upper surface radiates electromagnetic waves through coaxial feed, and the microstrip rectangular array works in a high-frequency millimeter wave frequency band.
The lower 6 multiplied by 6 periodic structure, the medium substrate II, the air layer and the aluminum plate form a reflecting plate of an artificial magnetic conductor structure together, and the reflecting plate has the positive and negative 90-degree in-phase reflection characteristic in the frequency band of antenna impedance matching, so that the section height of the antenna is reduced, the back lobe radiation is reduced, and the gain of the antenna is improved.
3. Other alternatives for accomplishing the same purpose in each or some of the parts
The feeding part of the high-frequency array can adopt a side feeding method, or can adopt a connection SMA joint and then coaxially feed.
Simulation experiments verify the performance of the base station antenna in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 10 to 15, the effective bandwidth of the dipole antenna in the low-frequency band is 390MHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 44%, the port isolation is smaller than-30 dB in the frequency band, the average gain in the frequency band is 9.39dBi, the half-power lobe width in the V plane and the H plane is 65 ° ± 5 °, and the directional diagram is stable. The effective bandwidth of the array antenna in a high-frequency band is 2.75GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 10.7%, the port isolation is less than 35dB in the frequency band, the average gain in the frequency band is 17.33dBi, the half-power lobe widths of a V plane and an H plane are both 20 degrees +/-2 degrees, and the directional diagram is stable. And the overall section height of the antenna is 0.139 lambda (lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the low frequency band), the section height of the antenna is reduced by 4/9 compared with the section height of the common antenna of 0.25 lambda, and the gain of the antenna in the low frequency band is improved.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A high-low frequency composite structure base station antenna loaded with an artificial magnetic conductor structure reflecting plate is characterized by comprising a high-frequency antenna unit, a low-frequency antenna unit and a dielectric substrate I;
the high-frequency antenna unit consists of 4 pairwise orthogonal 4 multiplied by 4 rectangular microstrip array antennas (1) and is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate I; the 4 x 4 rectangular microstrip array antenna (1) connects 4 microstrip array units together through 1 feed center pad (101) and 2 microstrip lines III (106); each microstrip array unit comprises 4 high-frequency patch units (102), 1 bow-shaped microstrip line (103), 2 microstrip lines I (104) and a microstrip line II (105); the high-frequency patch unit (102) is concave; two ends of the arched microstrip line (103) are respectively connected with the middle parts of the grooves of the two high-frequency patch units (102); the thick end of the microstrip line I (104) is connected with the middle part of the bow-shaped microstrip line (103), and the thin end is connected with the thick end of the microstrip line II (105); the thick end of the microstrip line II (105) is vertically connected with the thin ends of the two microstrip lines I (104) through a quarter of arc; the thick end of the microstrip line III (106) is vertically connected with the thin ends of the two microstrip lines II (105), and the thin ends are connected to the feed center bonding pad (101); the two microstrip lines III (106) are connected into a straight line through the feed center bonding pad (101); the 4 pairwise orthogonal 4 multiplied by 4 rectangular microstrip array antennas are pairwise orthogonally placed in the positive and negative 45-degree directions of the non-radiation edge of the radiation unit;
the low-frequency antenna unit consists of 2 pairs of leaf-shaped dipole patches (3), 2 crossed and orthogonal crescent microstrip feed lines (2) and a rectangular feed bridge, wherein the crescent microstrip feed lines (2) are arranged on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate I, and the leaf-shaped dipole patches and the rectangular feed bridge are arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate I; the low-frequency antenna unit is coupled with the leaf-shaped dipole patch for feeding through 2 orthogonal crescent-shaped microstrip feed lines; the arc parts of the 2 crossed and orthogonal crescent microstrip feed lines are the same in size, the rectangular parts are different in length, and the crescent microstrip feed line II (202) is connected with the rectangular microstrip line II (204) through the rectangular microstrip line I (203); holes matched with the leaf-shaped dipole patches are reserved at the rectangular tail parts of the two crescent-shaped microstrip feeder lines and are communicated through metal columns or metallized through holes; 2, the leaf-shaped dipole patches are placed in a positive and negative 45-degree cross polarization mode;
the high frequency antenna element and the low frequency antenna element are independently fed.
2. The high and low frequency composite structure base station antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a reflecting plate having a four-layer structure of super surface structure-dielectric substrate II-air-metal plate from top to bottom; the super-surface structure is realized by artificial magnetic conductors and is formed by periodically arranging metal patches on a dielectric substrate II; the periodic structure is a rectangular patch array with 6 multiplied by 6 etched 4 '5' type gaps on a rectangular metal patch.
3. The high-low frequency composite structure base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein the low frequency antenna unit is fed by dual coaxial feeding through coupling of a crescent microstrip feed line and a dipole patch.
4. The high-low frequency composite structure base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein the impedance matching bandwidth is changed by moving the resonance frequency point by changing the current path length by controlling the radius of the circular cut angle of the lobed dipole patch.
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| CN112688072B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2024-05-28 | 东南大学 | Dual-band high-gain common-caliber resonant antenna |
| CN113471666B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-12-06 | 上海交通大学 | Multi-frequency transmission base station antenna and communication system |
| CN115548645A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-12-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna unit and antenna array |
| CN113809556A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-12-17 | 华南理工大学 | Common-caliber dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array and communication equipment |
| WO2023060018A1 (en) * | 2021-10-07 | 2023-04-13 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Antenna systems having radio nodes with vertical monopole antennas and interleaved circular arrays of horizontal dipole antennas therein |
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| CN115173065B (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2023-08-04 | 华南理工大学 | Multimode-fused broadband dual-polarized base station antenna and communication equipment |
| CN116544668B (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-09-12 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Dual-frequency common-caliber base station antenna loaded with super-surface structure |
| CN116666974B (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-09-22 | 南京纳特通信电子有限公司 | Double-feed polarization-changeable ultra-wideband microstrip oscillator antenna |
| CN118017233B (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-06-21 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | Micro base station antenna made of microwave anisotropic medium super-structured material |
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