CN111879664A

CN111879664A - Device and method for measuring liquid viscosity coefficient

Info

Publication number: CN111879664A
Application number: CN201911097337.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨文虎; 张海康; 师文庆; 郑明军; 安芬菊; 胡明明; 赖杰辉; 赖学辉
Original assignee: Guangdong Ocean University
Current assignee: Guangdong Ocean University
Priority date: 2019-10-30
Filing date: 2019-10-30
Publication date: 2020-11-03

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a device and a method for measuring the viscosity coefficient of liquid, and the device for measuring the viscosity coefficient of the liquid comprises: the level control system, the support system, the lifting system, the intelligent system and the measuring system form a seesaw structure, a single chip microcomputer, a plurality of light blocking sheets, a photoelectric door switch, a keyboard and a display screen are introduced to enable measurement to be intelligent, meanwhile, opaque liquid can be measured, the measuring precision can be improved, and the operation is convenient.

Description

Device and method for measuring liquid viscosity coefficient

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of fluid physical property measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring liquid viscosity coefficient.

Background

The viscosity coefficient is used to characterize the viscosity of the liquid, and is determined by the type and purity of the liquid. The research and the determination of the viscosity coefficient of the liquid have important practical significance in the aspects of physical property research, industrial and agricultural production, national defense construction and the like. Therefore, the experiment for measuring the viscosity coefficient of the liquid is one of the courses which are necessary to be taken by most of colleges and universities in China.

At present, the viscosity coefficient of liquid is determined by a ball drop method in the experiment according to the stokes formula, that is, a small steel ball with the weight of m falls into a glass cylinder filled with castor oil which is transparent liquid with a larger viscosity coefficient along the vertical direction through a guide pipe, and then the viscosity coefficient of the liquid is obtained by measuring the weight, the volume, the moving speed, the distance, the diameter of the glass cylinder and the like of the small metal ball. However, in the experiment, a small steel ball, which is required to be charged with liquid, must fall along the central axis of the glass cylinder. However, in the existing experimental device, the small steel ball is released manually, and is very easy to deviate from the central axis when falling, so that the cylindrical wall has a large influence on the movement of the small steel ball and is difficult to correct due to uncertain falling path of the small steel ball, therefore, the measurement error is large, the repeatability is poor, and when the falling time of the small steel ball is measured by adopting a laser photoelectric gate, the measurement fails due to the deviation of the movement of the small steel ball from the central axis.

Therefore, the falling ball method has the following disadvantages in measuring the viscosity coefficient of the liquid.

1. When the liquid with poor transparency is measured, the falling condition of the small ball cannot be clearly observed, and the measurement is difficult.

2. The manual timing is adopted to measure the falling speed of the small balls at a constant speed, and the manual timing is adopted to measure the falling speed of the small balls at the constant speed due to human judgment, so that the error is large.

3. If the inverted conical organic glass cover is slightly loosened, the inverted conical organic glass cover can shift and deviate from the center, and the small ball cannot accurately fall along the center line.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a device and a method for measuring liquid viscosity coefficient, which can solve the difficulty of measuring liquid with extremely poor transparency and greatly improve the measurement precision.

An aspect of the present application provides an apparatus for measuring a viscosity coefficient of a liquid, including: a level adjustment system, a bracket system, a lifting system, an intelligent system and a measuring system, wherein,

the horizontal adjusting system comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of adjusting pieces, wherein the bottom plate is a flat plate, and the adjusting pieces are arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate and used for adjusting the height of the bottom plate so that the bottom plate is horizontally placed;

the support system comprises a support, a first clamping groove, a second clamping groove, a first pulley, a second pulley and a photoelectric door switch, wherein the support comprises a vertical rod and a cross beam, one end of the vertical rod is vertically fixed on the cross beam, the other end of the vertical rod is vertically fixed on the bottom plate, two tail ends of the cross beam are respectively provided with a first extending part and a second extending part which are vertical downwards, the first pulley and the first clamping groove are sequentially installed at the tail end of the first extending part, the first clamping groove is positioned below the first pulley, the second pulley and the second clamping groove are sequentially installed at the tail end of the second extending part, and the second clamping groove is positioned below the second pulley;

the lifting system comprises a first limiting card, a second limiting card, a first code disc, a second code disc, a plurality of light blocking sheets, a thin wire, a first measuring ball, a second measuring ball and a code ball; the thin wire is transversely hung on the first pulley and the second pulley, and two ends of the thin wire respectively penetrate through the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove; the first measuring ball and the second measuring ball are movably hung at the two tail ends of the thin wire respectively; the end of the thin wire hanging the first measuring ball is also provided with the first limiting card, the first limiting card can be clamped by the first clamping groove, so that the thin wire cannot move continuously, and the first code disc is also arranged between the first limiting card and the first measuring ball and close to the first limiting card; the end of the fine wire hung on the second measuring ball is also provided with the second limit card, the second limit card can be clamped by the second clamping groove, so that the fine wire cannot move continuously, and the second normal code disc is also arranged between the second limit card and the second measuring ball and close to the second limit card; the light blocking sheets are positioned in the middle of the thin line, the distance between every two adjacent light blocking sheets is equal, and each light blocking sheet controls the opening and closing of the photoelectric door switch when passing through the photoelectric door switch; the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove enable the first measuring ball or the second measuring ball to stop lifting when the first measuring ball or the second measuring ball falls to be close to the upper surface of the bottom plate; the code ball is placed on the first code disc or the second code disc during measurement;

the intelligent system comprises a single chip microcomputer, a keyboard and a display screen, and the timing of the single chip microcomputer is controlled by the opening and closing of the photoelectric door switch;

the measuring system comprises a first cylinder, a second cylinder and a connecting pipe, wherein the first cylinder and the second cylinder are used for containing liquid to be measured, and the bottoms of the first cylinder and the second cylinder are communicated through the connecting pipe, so that the liquid level of the liquid to be measured is equal in height.

Optionally, when the encoder ball is placed on the first encoder and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are additionally provided with the liquid to be measured, the single chip microcomputer is further configured to calculate the viscosity coefficient η of the liquid to be measured according to the following formula_A：

F_1AIs the viscous force, R, in the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder_AIs the radius of the first measuring sphere, W_AThe lifting uniform speed of the weight ball is the lifting uniform speed when the weight ball is placed on the first weight disc and liquid is to be measured.

Optionally, when the encoder ball is placed on the second encoder and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are additionally provided with the liquid to be measured, the single chip microcomputer is further configured to calculate the viscosity coefficient η of the liquid to be measured according to the following formula_B：

F_1BIs the viscous force, R, in the liquid to be measured in the second cylinder_BIs the radius of the second measuring sphere, W_BThe lifting uniform speed is that the normal code ball is placed in the second normal code disc and the liquid is to be measured;

the single chip microcomputer is also used for calculating the average viscosity coefficient eta of the liquid to be measured according to the following formula:

optionally, the single chip microcomputer is further configured to calculate F according to the following formula_1A：

Wherein G is_FWeight of French weight, F_M1The friction force G when the first measuring ball is placed on the first code disc and liquid to be measured exists_AIs the weight of the first measuring ball, F_AIs the buoyancy of the first measuring ball in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder G_BIs the weight of the second measuring ball, F_BThe buoyancy of the second measuring ball in the liquid to be measured of the second cylinder.

Optionally, the single chip microcomputer is further configured to calculate F according to the following formula_M1：

F_M1＝μ_A(G_F+G₀-2F_A)

Wherein, mu_AIs coefficient of friction, G₀The total weight of the fine wire, the first limit card, the second limit card, the first normal code disc, the second normal code disc, the first measuring ball, the second measuring ball and the light barrier is F_AFor the first measuring ball in the liquid to be measured in the first cylinderBuoyancy.

Optionally, when the first measuring ball is placed on the first normal code disc and there is no liquid to be measured, the single chip microcomputer is further configured to calculate a time difference between each adjacent light blocking sheet according to the following formula:

dT_m＝T_m+1-T_m

wherein, when each light blocking sheet blocks the photoelectric door switch, the singlechip counts time once, dT_mIs the m time difference, T_m+1Time m +1, T_mThe m time is the relation between m and the number n of the light blocking sheets: m is n-2, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;

the single chip microcomputer is also used for calculating the speeds between the 2 nd to the 3 rd light blocking sheets and between the n-1 th to the last nth light blocking sheets according to the following formula:

wherein, dV_mThe speed from the mth light barrier to the m +1 light barriers, dS is the distance from the mth light barrier to the m +1 light barriers, and the speed between the 2 nd and 3 rd light barriers is dV₁The speed between the n-1 th to n-th light-blocking sheets is dV_n-2；

The single chip microcomputer is also used for calculating the lifting acceleration a according to the following formula:

wherein S is the distance from the 2 nd light blocking sheet to the nth light blocking sheet;

the single chip microcomputer is also used for calculating lifting friction force F according to the following formula:

F＝a(G_F+G₀)

the single chip microcomputer is also used for calculating the lifting friction coefficient mu according to the following formula_A：

Optionally, the single chip microcomputer is further configured to calculate a time difference between each adjacent light blocking sheet according to the following formula:

dT_m＝T_m+1-T_m

the single chip microcomputer is also used for determining that the uniform motion starts when the light barrier of the mth block is walked when the time difference between any two adjacent light barriers from the mth light barrier is smaller than or equal to a preset value;

the single chip microcomputer is also used for calculating the uniform speed from the mth light blocking sheet according to the following formula:

W_Athe lifting uniform speed of the normal code ball on the first normal code disc when liquid is to be measured, dS is the distance between two adjacent light blocking sheets, T_n-1Is the time of (n-1);

the single chip microcomputer is also used for calculating the volume V of the first measuring ball according to the following formula_A：

The single chip microcomputer calculates the buoyancy F of the first measuring ball in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder according to the following formula_A：

F_A＝γ₀V_A

γ₀The specific gravity of the liquid to be measured.

Optionally, the first cylinder and the second cylinder are cylinders with the same radius and height, the first limit card and the second limit card have the same weight, the first dial and the second dial have the same weight, and the first measuring ball and the second measuring ball have the same material, weight and radius.

In another aspect of the present application, there is provided a method of measuring a viscosity coefficient of a liquid, the method being performed by the apparatus for measuring a viscosity coefficient of a liquid, the method including:

when the normal code ball is placed on the first normal code disc, the single chip microcomputer calculates the viscosity coefficient eta of the liquid to be measured according to the following formula_A：

The device and the method for measuring the liquid viscosity coefficient have the advantages that the singlechip, the light blocking sheets, the photoelectric door switch, the keyboard and the display screen are introduced, so that the measurement becomes intelligent, the human-computer information exchange is more convenient, the opaque liquid can be measured, the measurement precision can be improved, and the measurement time can be accurate to 10-1ms or more.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for measuring viscosity of a fluid according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for measuring viscosity of a fluid of FIG. 1 with a measurement system;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of region B in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of region C of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of region D of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring viscosity of a fluid according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a force-bearing diagram of a first measuring ball 17 according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a force diagram of the second measuring ball 18 according to another embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic force diagram of a weight ball in another embodiment of the present application when the weight ball is at the first weight tray 9;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the force applied by a weight ball on the second weight tray 10 according to another embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The term "and/or" herein is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship. Additionally, the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably herein.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring viscosity coefficient of a liquid according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus for measuring viscosity coefficient of a liquid shown in fig. 1 with a measurement system, fig. 3 is an enlarged structural diagram of a region B in fig. 1, fig. 4 is an enlarged structural diagram of a region C in fig. 1, fig. 5 is an enlarged structural diagram of a region D in fig. 1, and with reference to fig. 1 to 5, the apparatus for measuring viscosity coefficient of a liquid includes: the system comprises a horizontal adjusting system, a support system, a lifting system, an intelligent system 16 and a measuring system, wherein the horizontal adjusting system, the support system and the lifting system form a seesaw structure, and the seesaw structure is described in detail below.

The level adjustment system comprises a bottom plate 1, a plurality of adjusting pieces 3 and a level bubble 4, wherein the adjusting pieces 3 are used for adjusting the device for measuring the viscosity coefficient of the liquid to be placed in a level state.

For example, the plurality of adjusting members 3 are three or four or more adjusting screws.

The bottom plate 1 is a flat plate, the horizontal air bubble 3 is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate 1, the adjusting screw 3 is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate 1 and can be rotated to adjust the height of the bottom plate 1, so that the bottom plate 1 is horizontally arranged, whether the bottom plate 1 is horizontally arranged is determined by determining whether the horizontal air bubble 3 is positioned at the central position, and when the horizontal air bubble 3 is positioned at the central position, the bottom plate 1 is horizontally arranged.

The support system comprises a support 2, a first clamping groove 5, a second clamping groove 6, a first pulley 11, a second pulley 12 and a photoelectric door switch 15, and is used for supporting the lifting system.

The bracket 2 includes a vertical rod 201 and a cross beam 202, one end of the vertical rod 201 is vertically fixed on the cross beam 202, and the other end of the vertical rod 201 is vertically fixed on the bottom plate 1, for example, the vertical rod 201 can be fixed on the cross beam 202 and the bottom plate 1 by welding or bolts, for example, the vertical rod 201 can be vertically fixed on the middle position of the cross beam 202 and the middle or middle of the bottom plate 1 near the long side of the bottom plate 1. The beam 202 runs parallel to the long side of the base plate 1.

The two ends of the cross beam 202 have the same structure and respectively have downward vertical extensions: first extension 203 and second extension 204, the end of first extension 203 is installed in proper order first pulley 11 with first screens groove 5, wherein, first screens groove 5 is located first pulley 11 below, the end of second extension 204 is installed in proper order second pulley 12 with second screens groove 6, second screens groove 6 is located second pulley 12 below. The first and second catching

grooves

5 and 6 allow the thin wire 14 to move vertically downward without swinging.

The lifting system comprises a first limit card 7, a second limit card 8, a first coded disc 9, a second coded disc 10, a light blocking sheet 13, a thin line 14, a first measuring ball 17 and a second measuring ball 18, and information points of acquisition time are provided for the intelligent system 16.

The thread 14 is hung on the first pulley 11 and the second pulley 12, and both ends of the thread 14 pass through the first locking groove 5 and the second locking groove 6, respectively. The first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 may be removably hung on both ends of the thin wire 14, respectively.

The end of the thin wire 14 hanging the first measuring ball 17 is further provided with the first limit card 7, the first limit card 7 is fixed with the thin wire 14, the first limit card 7 can be clamped by the first clamping groove 5, so that the thin wire 14 cannot move continuously, for example, the first limit card 7 can be a fixed ring or a fixed block, and a first normal code disc 9 is further arranged between the first limit card 7 and the first measuring ball 17 and close to the first limit card 7.

The end of the thin wire 14 hanging the second measuring ball 18 is further provided with the second limit clip 8, the second limit clip 8 is fixed with the thin wire 14, the second limit clip 8 can be clipped by the second clip groove 6, so that the thin wire 14 can not move continuously, for example, the second limit clip 8 can be a fixed ring or a fixed block, and a second normal code disc 10 is further arranged between the second limit clip 8 and the second measuring ball 18 and close to the second limit clip 8.

A plurality of light blocking sheets 13 are fixedly hung in the middle of the thin wire 14, for example, 18 light blocking sheets are adopted, the distance between every two adjacent light blocking sheets is equal, for example, 10mm equal, and timing information is provided for the single chip microcomputer, that is, each light blocking sheet moves along with the thin wire 14 and passes through the photoelectric gate switch 15, so that the photoelectric gate switch 15 cannot receive light to cause the opening of the photoelectric gate switch 15, and the timing of the single chip microcomputer is controlled by the opening and closing of the photoelectric gate switch 15.

The total length of the thin wire 14 is smaller than the sum of the length of the beam 202, the distance from the end of the first extension portion 203 of the beam 202 to the bottom plate 1 and the distance from the end of the second extension portion 204 of the beam 202 to the bottom plate 1, and the distance between the two ends of the thin wire 14 and the first limit catch 7 and the second limit catch 8 is smaller than the distance from the two ends of the extension portion of the beam 202 to the bottom plate 1. alternatively, the distance between the two ends of the thin wire 14 and the first limit catch 7 and the second limit catch 8 is equal, the distance between the two ends of the thin wire 14 and the first dial 9 and the second dial 10 is equal, the first detent groove 5, the second detent groove 6, the first limit catch 7, the second limit catch 8, the first pulley 11 and the second pulley 12 are configured, the thin wire 14 can perform seesaw motion between the first stopper 7 and the second stopper 8 under the interaction of the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18. For example, the first and

second locking grooves

5 and 6 stop the first or second measuring

ball

17 or 18 from moving up and down when the ball falls close to the upper surface of the bottom plate 1, thereby limiting the movement and facilitating the operation.

In another embodiment of the present application, the lifting system further comprises a weight ball, and since the two sides of the lifting system are balanced, the weight ball needs to be added to exert an external force to enable the lifting system to lift, namely, the weight ball is placed on the first weight disc 9 or the second weight disc 10 during measurement. The size of the French ball can be selected according to the viscosity of the liquid, the French ball with large point is selected when the viscosity is high, and the French ball with small point is selected when the viscosity is low, so that the lifting system has small speed when reaching a uniform speed, and the influence of the flow type on the measurement is reduced.

The intelligent system 16 comprises a single chip microcomputer, a keyboard and a display screen, and man-machine exchange can be facilitated. For example, the single chip microcomputer can adopt an 89C5289C52 chip for receiving signals, processing programs and outputting signals. The keyboard may be a 4 x 4 matrix keyboard for entering parameter information and controlling operations. The display screen can adopt an 8-bit nixie tube or an LED display for displaying input and output information.

The measuring system comprises a first cylinder 20, a second cylinder 21 and a connecting pipe 22, wherein the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21 are used for containing liquid to be measured. The first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21 are cylinders with the same radius and height, and the bottoms of the cylinders are communicated through the connecting pipe 22, so that the liquid level of the liquid to be measured is equal to the height, and overflow ports are respectively arranged at the positions with the same height and a distance away from the cylinder ports at the upper ends of the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21: the first overflow port 23 and the second overflow port 24, the first overflow port 23 and the second overflow port 24 make the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21 not too full, so that the liquid filling height of the cylinders is constant when the cylinders are horizontal during measurement. The first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21 are placed under both ends of the thin wire 14, and the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 are placed in the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21, respectively.

The testing process of the apparatus for measuring viscosity coefficient of liquid may be as follows, as shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic process diagram of a method for measuring viscosity coefficient of liquid according to another embodiment of the present application.

Step 601, measuring the weight of the lifting system and the radius of the sphere.

The thin wire 14, the first limit stop 7, the second limit stop 8, the first dial 9, the second dial 10, the first measuring ball 17, and the second measuring ball are measured by a balance, for example18 and the total weight G of the light barrier 13₀. Measuring the radius R of the sphere by a micrometer caliper_FRadius R of the first measuring ball 17_AAnd the radius R of the second measuring sphere 18_B。

Optionally, the weights of the first limit card 7 and the second limit card 8 are equal, the weights of the first normal code disc 9 and the second normal code disc 10 are equal, and the materials, the weights and the radii of the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 are the same.

Step 602, installing a lift system

For example, the elevator system is stopped by pressing the first pulley 11 or the second pulley 12, the thin wire 14 is hung on the first pulley 11 and the second pulley 12, and the first stopper 7 and the second stopper 8 are respectively caught under the first catching groove 5 and the second catching groove 6.

Step 603, measure initialization settings.

For example, the singlechip is started through the keyboard, the internal program starts timing, and the measured weight and radius parameters are input through the keyboard. For example, the radius R of the French code ball is input through the number keys of the matrix keyboard_FRadius R of the first measuring ball 17_AThe specific gravity gamma of the French ball and the specific gravity gamma of the liquid to be measured₀。

For example, a key a and a key B may be set on the matrix keyboard, the key a is pressed down on the keyboard, the single chip microcomputer is powered on, and the internal program starts to time; the radius R of code ball can be input by pressing the B key of matrix keyboard for the first time through the numeric keys of the matrix keyboard_F(ii) a Pressing the B key of the matrix keyboard a second time may enter the radius R of the first measuring ball 17 via the number keys of the matrix keyboard_A(ii) a Pressing the B key of the matrix keyboard for the third time can input the total weight G through the number keys of the matrix keyboard₀(ii) a Pressing down the B key of the matrix keyboard for the fourth time, and inputting the specific gravity gamma of the normal code ball through the number keys of the matrix keyboard; pressing the B key of the matrix keyboard for the fifth time, inputting the specific gravity gamma of the liquid to be tested through the number keys of the matrix keyboard₀。

The photoelectric gate switch 15 is a normally closed switch, and when the light blocking sheet 13 blocks the light blocking sheet, the photoelectric gate switch 15 is switched on, and a high-potential signal is sent to the single chip microcomputer.

Because the singlechip is used for timing, the timing precision can reach the millisecond (ms) level, and the measurement precision is greatly improved.

When the first measuring ball 17 is arranged above and the second measuring ball 18 is arranged below, the code ball is placed on the first code disc 9; when the second measuring ball 18 is arranged above and the first measuring ball 17 is arranged below, the code ball is placed on the second code disc 10.

Step 604, placing the weight ball on the first weight disk to measure the friction coefficient mu_A

For example, pressing the C key of a matrix keyboard a first time starts measuring the friction coefficient mu_A。

When the first pulley 11 or the second pulley 12 is released to enable the lifting system to move, the first measuring ball 17 descends and the second measuring ball 18 ascends at the same speed and in the opposite direction, at this time, no liquid to be measured exists in the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21, namely, no liquid to be measured exists when the first measuring ball 17 descends into the first cylinder 20.

A delay setting time (for example, 5 seconds) is set, so that the single chip microcomputer cannot receive a high potential signal of the photogate switch 15 in the delay time period.

Step 6041, when the single chip receives the signal that the photogate switch 15 is raised from the low potential to the high potential, the time T is read, and the time T is sequentially read and stored in a memory of the single chip, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), where the time T is read as T for the first time in the memory₀The second storage is T₁…, saved as T for the nth time_nAnd n is the number of light blocking sheets, and optionally n is 18.

Step 6042, the single chip microcomputer is used for calculating the time difference of each adjacent light blocking sheet according to the formula (1)

dT_m＝T_m+1-T_m(1)

Wherein, when each light barrier blocks the photoelectric door switch 15, the singlechip counts time once, dT_mIs the m time difference, T_m+1Time m +1, T_mThe value of m is determined according to the number n of the light-blocking sheets for the mth time, namely m is n-2, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, in the embodiment, m is 0, 1, 2, … and 16, and the time differences dT are respectively calculated by the formula (1) in sequence₀、dT₁、dT₂、…、dT₁₆。

Step 6043, the singlechip is used for calculating the speed between the light blocking sheets of the 2 nd to the 3 rd blocks and the n-1 th to the n th block according to the formula (2)

dV_mThe speed from the mth light blocking sheet to the m +1 light blocking sheet, dS is the distance from the mth light blocking sheet to the m +1 light blocking sheet, for example, the distance between every two light blocking sheets is 1 millimeter (mm), m is equal to or less than n, n is the number of light blocking sheets, n is 18 in this embodiment, and m is an integer greater than or equal to zero.

In this embodiment, because dV₀Since the dV is initially unstable, dV is calculated from the equation (2)₁And dV_n-2。

Step 6044, the single chip microcomputer is used for calculating the lifting acceleration a according to a formula (3)_B：

Wherein, a_BFor the lifting acceleration when the weight ball is placed on the first weight disk and there is no liquid to be measured, S is the distance from the 2 nd light barrier to the nth light barrier, for example, in this embodiment, n is 18, and if the distance between every two adjacent light barriers is 1mm, S is 16 mm.

Step 6045, the single chip microcomputer is used for calculating the volume V of the code ball according to the formula (4)_F：

V_FIs the volume of a French code ball, R_FIs the radius of the said sphere.

Step 6046, the single chip microcomputer is used for calculating the weight G of the normal code ball according to the formula (5)_F：

G_F＝γV_F(5)

G_FThe weight of the French weight is shown, and gamma is the specific gravity of the French weight.

Step 6047, the single chip microcomputer is used for calculating lifting friction force F according to a formula (6)₁：

F₁＝a_B(G_F+G₀) (6)

F₁The friction force is the friction force when the weight ball is placed on the first weight disc and no liquid to be measured is present, a_BThe lifting acceleration G of the weight ball placed on the first weight disk without the liquid to be measured_FWeight of a French weight ball, G₀The total weight of the thin wire 14, the first limit stop 7, the second limit stop 8, the first dial 9, the second dial 10, the first measuring ball 17, the second measuring ball 18 and the light blocking sheet 13 is shown.

And step 6048, calculating the lifting friction coefficient according to a formula (7) by the singlechip and storing the lifting friction coefficient into a memory of the singlechip.

μ_AThe friction coefficient is F when the weight ball is placed on the first weight disc and no liquid to be measured exists₁The friction force is the friction force when the weight ball is placed on the first weight disc and no liquid to be measured exists.

Step 605, placing the French code ball on a second French code disc to calculate the friction coefficient mu_B。

For example, pressing the first pulley 11 or the second pulley 12 makes the elevator system stationary, and the French ball is placed on the second French disc 10.

Pressing down the C key of the keyboardSecond, the foregoing steps 6041-6048 may be repeated to measure the coefficient of friction μ_ACalculating the friction coefficient mu_BAnd storing the measured liquid in a memory of the single chip microcomputer, wherein at the moment, no liquid to be measured exists in the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21, namely, no liquid to be measured exists when the second measuring ball 18 descends into the second cylinder 21.

A delay setting time (for example, 5 seconds) is set so that the single chip microcomputer does not receive a high potential signal of the photoelectric door switch 15.

Step 6051, when the single chip microcomputer receives the signal that the photogate switch 15 jumps from the low potential to the high potential, the time T is read, and the time T is sequentially read and stored in a memory of the single chip microcomputer, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), for example, in the memory, the time T 'is read for the first time'₀And is preserved for the second time as T'₁…, stored for the nth time as T'_nAnd n is the number of light blocking sheets, and optionally n is 18.

Step 6052, the single chip microcomputer is used for calculating the time difference of each adjacent light blocking sheet according to the formula (1

dT’_m＝T’_m+1-T’_m(1′)

Wherein, when each light blocking sheet blocks the photoelectric door switch 15, the singlechip counts time once, dT'_mIs the m time difference, T'_m+1Is the m +1 th time, T'_mIn the mth time, the value of m is determined according to the number n of the light blocking sheets, that is, m is n-2, n is an integer of 1 or more, in this embodiment, m is 0, 1, 2, …, and 16, and the time differences dT ' are calculated from the formula (1 ') in order '₀、dT’₁、dT’₂、…、dT’₁₆。

Step 6053, the singlechip is used for calculating the speed between the light blocking sheets of the 2 nd to the 3 rd blocks and the n-1 th to the n th blocks according to a formula (2

dV’_mThe mth block is light-blockingThe speed from the sheet to the m +1 light blocking sheets, dS is the distance from the m-th light blocking sheet to the m +1 light blocking sheets, for example, the distance between every two light blocking sheets is 1 millimeter (mm), m is less than or equal to n, n is the number of light blocking sheets, n is 18 in this embodiment, and m is an integer greater than or equal to zero.

In this example, dV'₀dV ' is calculated from the equation (2 ') because it is not stable at first '₁And dV'_n-2。

Step 6054, the single chip microcomputer is used for calculating the lifting acceleration a according to a formula (3_B：

Wherein, a_BIn the embodiment, n is 18, and the distance between every two adjacent light blocking sheets is 1mm, then S is 16 mm.

Step 6055, the single chip microcomputer is used for calculating lifting friction force F according to a formula (6₂：

F₂＝a_B(G_F+G₀) (6′)

F₂The friction force when the weight ball is placed on the second weight disk and no liquid to be measured is present, a_BThe lifting acceleration G of the weight ball placed on the second weight disk without the liquid to be measured_FWeight of a French weight ball, G₀The total weight of the thin wire 14, the first limit stop 7, the second limit stop 8, the first dial 9, the second dial 10, the first measuring ball 17, the second measuring ball 18 and the light blocking sheet 13 is shown.

And step 6056, the single chip microcomputer is used for calculating the lifting friction coefficient according to a formula (7') and storing the lifting friction coefficient into a memory of the single chip microcomputer.

μ_BThe friction coefficient is F when the weight ball is placed on the second weight disc and no liquid to be measured exists₂The friction force is the friction force when the weight ball is placed on the second weight disc and the liquid to be measured does not exist.

Step 606, according to the friction coefficient mu_AAnd mu_BCalculating the average coefficient of friction u

For example, pressing the C key of the keyboard for the third time, the single chip microcomputer is based on the friction coefficient mu_AAnd mu_BAnd calculating the average friction coefficient mu without the liquid to be measured by the formula (8):

step 607, additionally installing the liquid to be measured

For example, the first pulley 11 or the second pulley 12 is pressed to make the lifting system stationary, the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21 are respectively placed on the upper surfaces of both sides of the bottom plate 1, and the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 can be respectively placed in the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21, optionally, the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 do not contact the inner walls of the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21 when falling, and preferably, the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 are respectively located at the central axis positions of the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21 when falling. The bottoms of the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21 are connected by the connecting tube 22, and then the liquid to be measured is filled, and after filling, the liquid planes in the first cylinder 20 and the second cylinder 21 are parallel.

When the liquid to be measured is loaded, the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 are required to be immersed in the liquid at all times.

Step 608, placing the code ball on the first code disc, and calculating the viscosity coefficient eta_A。

For example, pressing the D key of the matrix keyboard for the first time, the single chip microcomputer starts to count again, and the viscosity coefficient eta starts to be measured_AThe main process may be as follows.

When the first pulley 11 and the second pulley 12 are released, the lifting system can move, the first measuring ball 17 descends, the second measuring ball 18 ascends at the same speed and in the opposite direction, and at the moment, when the first measuring ball 17 descends into the first cylinder 20, the first measuring ball 17 descends and is immersed into the liquid to be measured.

A delay setting time (e.g., 5 seconds) is set so that the single chip microcomputer is not connected to the high potential signal of the photo gate switch 15.

Step 6081, when the single chip microcomputer receives a signal that the photoelectric gate switch 15 is stepped from a low potential to a high potential, the time T is read again and is sequentially read and stored in a memory (for example, a RAM) of the single chip microcomputer, for example, the time T is read for the first time₀The second storage is T₁…, saved as T for the nth time_nIn this embodiment, n is 18.

Step 6082, the single chip microcomputer calculates the time difference of each adjacent light blocking sheet according to the formula (1)

For example, the time differences dT are calculated from the equations (1)₀、dT₁、dT₂、…、dT₁₆

Step 6083, sequentially comparing whether the time difference is less than or equal to a preset value

For example, whether or not the time difference satisfies the following formula (9) is sequentially compared according to the formula (9)

|dT_m-dT_m+1|≤T_th(9)

If the time difference between any two adjacent light barriers from the mth light barrier is less than or equal to a preset value, for example, less than or equal to 100 milliseconds (ms), it can be determined that the uniform motion starts when the light barrier moves to the mth light barrier.

Step 6084, the single chip microcomputer calculates the uniform speed from the mth light barrier according to the formula (10)

W_AdS is the distance between two adjacent light-blocking sheets (for example)E.g., 1mm), m is the mth light-blocking sheet moving at a uniform speed, T_mFor the mth time, n is the number of light-blocking sheets.

Step 6085, the single chip microcomputer calculates the volume of the first measuring ball 17 according to the formula (11)

V_AIs the volume, R, of the first measuring ball 17_AIs the radius of the first measuring sphere 17.

Step 6086, the single chip microcomputer calculates the buoyancy of the first measuring ball 17 in the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder 20 according to the formula (12)

F_A＝γ₀V_A(12)

F_AIs the buoyancy of the first measuring ball 17 in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder 20, gamma₀Specific gravity, V, of the liquid to be measured_AThe volume of the first measuring ball 17 is F, since the radii of the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 are equal_A＝F_B，F_BIs the buoyancy of the second measuring sphere 18.

Step 6087, the single chip microcomputer calculates the friction force of the first measuring ball 17 when placed on the first normal code disc 9 and liquid to be measured according to a formula (13)

F_M1＝μ_A(G_F+G₀-F_A-F_B) (13)

Due to F_A＝F_BThe above formula (13) may become formula (14):

F_M1＝μ_A(G_F+G₀-2F_A) (14)

wherein, F_M1Is the friction force mu of the first measuring ball 17 placed on the first normal code disc 9 and the liquid to be measured_AIs coefficient of friction, G_FWeight of a French weight ball, G₀The thin wire 14, the first limit card 7, the second limit card 8, the first code disc 9 and the second code discThe total weight of the disc 10, said first measuring ball 17, said second measuring ball 18 and said light barrier 13, F_AIs the buoyancy of the first measuring sphere 17 in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder 20, F_BIs the buoyancy of the second measuring sphere 18 in the liquid to be measured of the second cylinder 21.

Step 6088, the single chip microcomputer calculates the viscous force of the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder

When the ascending and descending speeds of the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 reach a uniform speed balance, the force diagrams of the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 can be respectively shown in fig. 4 and 5, wherein the force diagram of the weight ball can be shown in fig. 6.

The resultant force of pulling the lifting system to lift can be obtained by the force of a weight ball, namely G_F-F_M1Wherein G is_FWeight of weight ball, F_M1The friction force of the first measuring ball 17 when placed on the first normal code disc 9 and liquid is to be measured.

The resultant force of the first measuring ball 17 is G_A-F_1A-F_AWherein G is_AIs the weight of the first measuring ball 17, F_1AIs the viscosity of the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder 20, F_AIs the buoyancy of the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder 20.

The resultant force of the second measuring ball 18 is G_B+F_1B-F_B，G_BIs the weight of the second measuring ball 18, F_1BIs the viscosity of the liquid to be measured in the second cylinder 21, F_BIs the buoyancy of the second measuring sphere 18 in the liquid to be measured of the second cylinder 21.

According to the principle of ball drop method measurement, when the lifting speed reaches the uniform speed balance, the resultant force is zero, and then the formula (15) is provided:

(G_F-F_M1)+(G_A-F_1A-F_A)-(G_B+F_1B-F_B)＝0 (15)

due to F_1A＝F_1BCalculating the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder 20 according to the formula (15)Viscosity F of body_1ACan be transformed into:

wherein G is_FWeight of weight ball, F_M1The friction force when the first measuring ball 17 is placed on the first normal code disc 9 and liquid is to be measured, G_AIs the weight of the first measuring ball 17, F_AIs the buoyancy of the first measuring ball 17 in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder 20, G_BIs the weight of the second measuring ball 18, F_BIs the buoyancy of the second measuring sphere 18 in the liquid to be measured of the second cylinder 21.

When the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 have equal radius and weight, G is present_A＝G_BAnd F_A＝F_BAt the same time, the same speed and opposite direction of the two sides result in viscous force F_1A＝F_1BThe viscosity of the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder 20 can be obtained according to the formula (15):

step 6089, the single chip microcomputer calculates the viscosity coefficient eta of the liquid to be measured according to the formula (16)_A

η_AIs the viscosity coefficient, F, of the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder 20_1AIs the viscosity, R, of the liquid to be measured in said first cylinder 20_AIs the radius, W, of the first measuring sphere 17_AThe lifting speed is uniform when the weight ball is placed in the first weight disk 9 and liquid is to be measured.

Calculating the viscosity coefficient eta_AThen, the viscosity coefficient eta is measured_AAnd storing the data in a memory (such as a RAM) of the singlechip.

Step 609, putting the code ball on the second code disc, and calculating the viscosityHysteresis coefficient eta_B。

For example, pressing the first pulley 11 or the second pulley 12 to make the lifting system stationary, placing the French code ball on the second French code disk 10, pressing the D key of the matrix keyboard for the second time, and the single chip microcomputer starts to count again.

The first pulley 11 and the second pulley 12 are released to enable the lifting system to move, the first measuring ball 17 rises, the second measuring ball 18 falls, the speed is the same, and the directions are opposite.

Step 6091, when the single chip microcomputer receives a signal that the photoelectric gate switch 15 is stepped from low potential to high potential, reading the time T again, and sequentially reading and storing the time T in a single chip microcomputer memory (for example, RAM), for example, the time T is read for the first time₀The second storage is T₁…, saved as T for the nth time_nIn this embodiment, n is 18.

Step 6092, calculating the time difference of each adjacent light blocking sheet by the single chip microcomputer according to the formula (1)

Step 6093, whether the time difference is less than or equal to a preset value is sequentially compared

|dT_m-dT_m+1|≤T_th(9)

Step 6094, the single chip microcomputer calculates the uniform speed from the mth light blocking sheet according to the following formula (10

W_BFor the uniform lifting speed of the encoder ball on the second encoder disc when the liquid is to be measured, dS is the distance (e.g. 1mm) between two adjacent light blocking sheets, m is the mth light blocking sheet which moves at a uniform speed, and T is the distance between the two adjacent light blocking sheets_mFor the mth time, n is the number of light-blocking sheets.

Step 6095, the singlechip calculates the volume of the second measuring ball 18 according to the formula (11

V_BIs the volume, R, of the second measuring ball 18_BIs the radius of the second measuring sphere 18 when R_A＝R_BWhen, V_A＝V_B。

Step 6096, the single chip microcomputer calculates the buoyancy of the second measuring ball 18 according to the formula (12

F_B＝γ₀V_B(12′)

F_BIs the buoyancy of the second measuring ball 18, gamma₀Specific gravity, V, of the liquid to be measured_BThe volume of the second measuring ball 18 is F when the radius of the second measuring ball 18 is equal to the radius of the second measuring ball 18_A＝F_B。

Step 6097, the single chip microcomputer calculates the friction force of the second measuring ball 18 when being placed on the second code plate 10 and the liquid to be measured exists according to a formula (13

F_M2＝μ_B(G_F+G₀-F_A-F_B) (13′)

When F is present_A＝F_BThe above equation (13 ') may become equation (14'):

F_M2＝μ_B(G_F+G₀-2F_B) (14′)

wherein, F_M2Is the friction force mu of the second measuring ball 18 placed on the second weight plate 10 and having the liquid to be measured_BIs a friction systemNumber, G_FWeight of a French weight ball, G₀F is the total weight of the thin wire 14, the first limit stop 7, the second limit stop 8, the first dial 9, the second dial 10, the first measuring ball 17, the second measuring ball 18 and the light blocking sheet 13_AIs the buoyancy of the first measuring sphere 17 in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder 20, F_BIs the buoyancy of the second measuring sphere 18.

Step 6098, the single chip microcomputer calculates the viscous force of the liquid to be measured in the second cylinder

When the rising and falling speeds of the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 reach a uniform speed balance, the force diagrams of the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 can be respectively shown in fig. 4 and 5, wherein the force diagram of the weight ball can be shown in fig. 7.

The resultant force of pulling the lifting system to lift can be obtained by the force of a weight ball, namely G_F-F_M2Wherein G is_FWeight of weight ball, F_M2The friction force when the second measuring ball 18 is placed on the second weight plate 10 and has the liquid to be measured.

The resultant force of the first measuring ball 17 is G_A-F_1A-F_AWherein G is_AIs the weight of the first measuring ball 17, F_1AIs the viscosity of the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder 20, F_AIs the buoyancy of the liquid to be measured in the first cylinder 20 by the first measuring ball 17.

According to the principle of ball drop method measurement, when the lifting speed reaches the uniform speed balance, the resultant force is zero, and then the formula (15') is shown:

(G_F-F_M2)+(G_A-F_1A-F_A)-(G_B+F_1B-F_B)＝0 (15′)

due to F_1A＝F_1BCalculating the viscous force F of the liquid to be measured in the second cylinder 21 according to the formula (15_1BCan be transformed into:

wherein G is_FWeight of weight ball, F_M2The friction force when the second measuring ball 18 is placed on the second weight plate 10 and the liquid to be measured exists, G_AIs the weight of the first measuring ball 17, F_AIs the buoyancy of the first measuring ball 17 in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder 20, G_BIs the weight of the second measuring ball 18, F_BIs the buoyancy of the second measuring sphere 18 in the liquid to be measured of the second cylinder 21.

When the first measuring ball 17 and the second measuring ball 18 have equal radius and weight, G is present_A＝G_BAnd F_A＝F_BMeanwhile, the same speed and opposite direction of the two sides are opposite, and the viscosity of the liquid to be measured in the second cylinder 21 can be obtained according to the formula (15'):

step 6099, the single chip computer calculates the viscosity coefficient eta of the liquid to be measured according to the following formula_BAnd held in a one-chip memory (e.g., RAM):

F_1Bis the viscosity force, R, in the liquid to be measured in the second cylinder 21_BIs the radius, W, of the second measuring sphere 18_BThe lifting uniform speed is when the normal code ball is placed in the second normal code disc 10 and liquid is to be measured.

Step 610, according to the viscosity coefficient eta_AAnd viscosity coefficient η_BCalculating the average viscosity coefficient eta

For example, when the key D of the matrix keyboard is pressed for the third time, the single chip calculates the average viscosity coefficient of the liquid to be measured according to the formula (17).

Step 611, calculate the viscosity coefficient η after correction_K

For example, pressing the D key of the matrix keyboard for the fourth time, the SCM calculates the viscosity coefficient after correction according to the following formula (18)

And K is a correction factor constant which can be calculated by the following formula (19) and is preset in the singlechip.

The correction factor constant K is calculated according to the following formula (19).

Wherein eta is₀η is the average viscosity coefficient calculated in step 610, which is the known viscosity coefficient of the liquid to be measured.

And step 612, the single chip microcomputer displays the average viscosity coefficient of the liquid to be measured through a display screen of the intelligent system.

In summary, in the above embodiments, the single chip, the plurality of light blocking sheets, the photoelectric door switch, the keyboard and the display screen are introduced to make the measurement intelligent, the human-computer information exchange is more convenient, the opaque liquid can be measured, and the measurement precision can be improved, for example, the measurement time can be accurate to 10-1ms or more. Moreover, the falling ball lifting system is composed of two cylinders with the same size, two measuring small balls with the same size, two coded discs with the same size and two clamping grooves with the same size, so that the inconvenience of adjustment of the measuring instrument is solved.

The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An apparatus for measuring the viscosity coefficient of a liquid, comprising: a level adjustment system, a bracket system, a lifting system, an intelligent system and a measuring system, wherein,

the horizontal adjusting system comprises a bottom plate (1) and a plurality of adjusting pieces (3), wherein the bottom plate (1) is a flat plate, and the adjusting pieces (3) are arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate (1) and used for adjusting the height of the bottom plate (1) to enable the bottom plate (1) to be placed horizontally;

the support system comprises a support (2), a first clamping groove (5), a second clamping groove (6), a first pulley (11), a second pulley (12) and a photoelectric door switch (15), wherein the support (2) comprises a vertical rod (201) and a cross beam (202), one end of the vertical rod (201) is vertically fixed on the cross beam (202), the other end of the vertical rod (201) is vertically fixed on the bottom plate (1), two tail ends of the cross beam (202) are respectively provided with a first extending portion (203) and a second extending portion (204) which are vertical downwards, the tail end of the first extending portion (203) is sequentially provided with the first pulley (11) and the first clamping groove (5), the first clamping groove (5) is positioned below the first pulley (11), and the tail end of the second extending portion (204) is sequentially provided with the second pulley (12) and the second clamping groove (6), the second clamping groove (6) is positioned below the second pulley (12);

the lifting system comprises a first limit card (7), a second limit card (8), a first normal code disc (9), a second normal code disc (10), a plurality of light blocking sheets (13), a fine line (14), a first measuring ball (17), a second measuring ball (18) and a normal code ball; wherein the thin wire (14) is transversely hung on the first pulley (11) and the second pulley (12), and two ends of the thin wire (14) respectively pass through the first clamping groove (5) and the second clamping groove (6); the first measuring ball (17) and the second measuring ball (18) are movably hung at the two tail ends of the thin wire (14) respectively; the end, hanging the first measuring ball (17), of the thin wire (14) is further provided with the first limiting clamp (7), the first limiting clamp (7) can be clamped by the first clamping groove (5) to enable the thin wire (14) not to move continuously, and the first normal code disc (9) is further arranged between the first limiting clamp (7) and the first measuring ball (17) and close to the first limiting clamp (7); the end of the thin wire (14) hanging the second measuring ball (18) is also provided with the second limit card (8), the second limit card (8) can be clamped by the second clamping groove (6) so that the thin wire (14) cannot move continuously, and the second normal code disc (10) is also arranged between the second limit card (8) and the second measuring ball (18) and close to the second limit card (8); the light blocking sheets (13) are positioned in the middle of the thin line (14), the distance between every two adjacent light blocking sheets is equal, and the opening and the closing of the photoelectric door switch (15) are controlled when each light blocking sheet passes through the photoelectric door switch (15); the first blocking groove (5) and the second blocking groove (6) stop lifting when the first measuring ball (17) or the second measuring ball (18) falls to be close to the upper surface of the bottom plate (1); the code ball is placed on the first code disc (9) or the second code disc (10) during measurement;

the intelligent system comprises a singlechip, a keyboard and a display screen, and the timing of the singlechip is controlled by the opening and closing of the photoelectric door switch (15);

the measuring system comprises a first cylinder (20), a second cylinder (21) and a connecting pipe (22), wherein the first cylinder (20) and the second cylinder (21) are used for containing liquid to be measured, and the bottoms of the first cylinder (20) and the second cylinder (21) are communicated through the connecting pipe (22), so that the liquid level of the liquid to be measured is equal to the height of the liquid.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that when the encoder ball is placed on the first encoder disk and the first cylinder (20) and the second cylinder (21) are loaded with the liquid to be measured, the device is characterized in thatThe single chip microcomputer is also used for calculating the viscosity coefficient eta of the liquid to be measured according to the following formula_A：

F_1AIs the viscosity, R, of the liquid to be measured in said first cylinder (20)_AIs the radius, W, of the first measuring sphere (17)_AThe lifting uniform speed of the weight ball is the lifting uniform speed when the weight ball is placed on the first weight disc and liquid is to be measured.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein when the encoder ball is placed on the second encoder disk and the first cylinder (20) and the second cylinder (21) are filled with the liquid to be measured, the single chip is further configured to calculate the viscosity coefficient η of the liquid to be measured according to the following formula_B：

F_1BIs the viscosity force, R, in the liquid to be measured in the second cylinder (21)_BIs the radius, W, of the second measuring sphere (18)_BThe lifting uniform speed of the normal code ball is set in the second normal code disc (10) and when the liquid is to be measured;

4. the apparatus of claim 2, wherein the single chip microcomputer is further configured to calculate F according to the following formula_1A：

Wherein G is_FWeight of French weight, F_M1The friction force when the first measuring ball (17) is placed on the first normal code disc (9) and liquid is to be measured, G_AIs the weight of the first measuring ball (17), F_AIs the buoyancy of the first measuring ball (17) in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder (20), G_BIs the weight of the second measuring ball (18), F_BIs the buoyancy of the second measuring sphere (18) in the liquid to be measured of the second cylinder (21).

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the single chip microcomputer is further configured to calculate F according to the following formula_M1：

F_M1＝μ_A(G_F+G₀-2F_A)

Wherein, mu_AIs coefficient of friction, G₀F is the total weight of the thin wire (14), the first limit card (7), the second limit card (8), the first normal code disc (9), the second normal code disc (10), the first measuring ball (17), the second measuring ball (18) and the light barrier (13)_AIs the buoyancy of the first measuring ball (17) in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder (20).

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that, when the first measuring ball (17) is placed on the first normal code disc (9) and there is no liquid to be measured, the single chip microcomputer is further used for calculating the time difference of each adjacent light barrier according to the following formula:

dT_m＝T_m+1-T_m

wherein, when each light barrier blocks the photoelectric door switch (15), the singlechip counts time once, dT_mIs the m time difference, T_m+1Time m +1, T_mThe m time is the relation between m and the number n of the light blocking sheets: m is n-2, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;

F＝a(G_F+G₀)

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the single-chip microcomputer is further configured to calculate a time difference for each adjacent light-blocking sheet according to the following formula:

dT_m＝T_m+1-T_m

the single chip microcomputer is also used for calculating the volume V of the first measuring ball (17) according to the following formula_A：

The single chip microcomputer calculates the buoyancy F of the first measuring ball (17) in the liquid to be measured of the first cylinder (20) according to the following formula_A：

F_A＝γ₀V_A

γ₀The specific gravity of the liquid to be measured.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first cylinder (20) and the second cylinder (21) are cylinders with the same radius and height, the first limit stop (7) and the second limit stop (8) have the same weight, the first dial (9) and the second dial (10) have the same weight, and the first measuring ball (17) and the second measuring ball (18) have the same material, weight and radius.

9. A method of measuring the viscosity of a liquid, the method being performed by the apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising:

when the normal code ball is placed on the first normal code disc, the singlechip calculates according to the following formulaViscosity coefficient eta of liquid to be measured_A：

10. The method of claim 9, characterized in that the first cylinder (20) and the second cylinder (21) are cylinders with the same radius and height, the weight of the first limit stop (7) and the weight of the second limit stop (8) are equal, the weight of the first normal code disc (9) and the weight of the second normal code disc (10) are equal, and the material, the weight and the radius of the first measuring ball (17) and the second measuring ball (18) are equal.