CN111876672A - High-performance die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111876672A CN111876672A CN202010637968.0A CN202010637968A CN111876672A CN 111876672 A CN111876672 A CN 111876672A CN 202010637968 A CN202010637968 A CN 202010637968A CN 111876672 A CN111876672 A CN 111876672A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-performance die steel and a preparation method thereof. The die steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of C, 1-30 parts of Si, 50-150 parts of Mn, 50-100 parts of Cr, 20-100 parts of W, 40-100 parts of Mo, 1-10 parts of V, 1-2.5 parts of P, 0.1-0.5 part of S, 0.2-0.5 part of B, 60-150 parts of Ni, 1-15 parts of Nb and 9800 parts of Fe; the preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting, pre-heat treatment, hot working, heat treatment after forging, annealing, pre-hardening and tempering heat treatment. The die steel has the effect of good hardness uniformity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of die steel, in particular to high-performance die steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The material performance requirements of the die are gradually improved along with the development of the manufacturing industry, and the die steel is the steel used for manufacturing dies such as cold stamping dies, hot forging dies, die casting dies and the like. The die is a main processing tool for manufacturing parts in industrial departments of mechanical manufacturing, radio instruments, motors, electric appliances and the like.
The prior patent application with publication number CN106544593A provides a cold-work die steel, which comprises the following components by weight: c1.05-1.11; 0.25-0.35 parts of Mn0; si0.35-0.45; s is less than or equal to 0.005; p is less than or equal to 0.002; cr8.2-8.8; mo1.5-2.5; v0.4-0.6; 0.03-0.07 percent of microalloying element; the raw materials are mixed to prepare the die steel by a conventional process.
The die steel in the prior art needs to be improved because the C content of the die steel is high, so that the uniformity of the hardness of the die steel is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance die steel having advantages of improving the uniformity of hardness of the die steel itself.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing high-performance die steel, which has the advantage of improving the success rate of preparing high-performance die steel.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the high-performance die steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of C, 1-30 parts of Si, 50-150 parts of Mn, 50-100 parts of Cr, 20-100 parts of W, 40-100 parts of Mo, 1-10 parts of V, 1-2.5 parts of P, 0.1-0.5 part of S, 0.2-0.5 part of B, 60-150 parts of Ni, 1-15 parts of Nb and 9800 parts of Fe.
By adopting the technical scheme, the proportion of the C in the whole raw material proportion is reduced, the die steel is prepared according to the proportion, and the prepared die steel has better hardness uniformity when the hardness uniformity is detected, so that better mechanical property and polishing can be shown in the later use process; the proportion of C in the whole raw material is reduced, so that the hardness uniformity of the die steel is improved.
Further, the die steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of C, 1-30 parts of Si, 50-150 parts of Mn, 50-100 parts of Cr, 20-100 parts of W, 40-100 parts of Mo, 1-10 parts of V, 1-1.5 parts of P, 0.1-0.5 part of S, 0.2-0.5 part of B, 60-150 parts of Ni, 1-15 parts of Nb and 9800 parts of Fe.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the proportion of C in the whole raw material is reduced and the proportion of P in the whole raw material is reduced, the influence of the proportion of the raw material for reducing P and the hardness uniformity of the proportion of the raw material for not changing P is smaller when the prepared die steel detects the hardness uniformity, but the proportion of the raw material for reducing P can slightly improve the hardness uniformity of the die steel.
Further, the die steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of C, 1-30 parts of Si, 50-150 parts of Mn, 50-100 parts of Cr, 20-100 parts of W, 40-100 parts of Mo, 1-10 parts of V, 1-2.5 parts of P, 0.1-0.2 part of S, 0.2-0.5 part of B, 60-150 parts of Ni, 1-15 parts of Nb and 9800 parts of Fe.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the proportion of C in the whole raw material is reduced and the proportion of S in the whole raw material is reduced, the influence of the proportion of S-reduced raw material and the hardness uniformity of the proportion of S-unchanged raw material is smaller when the prepared die steel detects the hardness uniformity, but the proportion of S-reduced raw material can slightly improve the hardness uniformity of the die steel.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: 10-30 parts of C, 1-30 parts of Si, 50-150 parts of Mn, 50-100 parts of Cr, 20-100 parts of W, 40-100 parts of Mo, 1-10 parts of V, 1-2.5 parts of P, 0.1-0.5 part of S, 0.2-0.5 part of B, 60-150 parts of Ni, 1-15 parts of Nb and 9800 parts of Fe are mixed, subjected to high-temperature smelting and vacuum degassing, and injected into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot;
s2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1100-1200 ℃, and preserving heat for 15-20 h;
s3, hot processing: cooling the heated steel ingot at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃, and forging and pressing at the temperature;
s4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot at the temperature of 800-;
s5, annealing: heating the cooled steel ingot to 600-plus-700 ℃, preserving heat for 45-48h, and cooling the steel ingot in equipment to 150-plus-200 ℃ to obtain the steel ingot;
s6, pre-hardening: heating the annealed steel ingot to 900-950 ℃, preserving heat for 25-30h, and cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment to 150-200 ℃;
s7, tempering and heat treatment: heating the pre-hardened steel ingot to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 35-38h, cooling the steel ingot in equipment to 200-250 ℃, taking the steel ingot out of the equipment, and naturally cooling.
By adopting the technical scheme, the prepared die steel is prepared by adopting the preparation method, and heat preservation is carried out on the steel ingot at different times according to the actual temperature condition in each preparation stage, so that the success rate of preparing the high-performance die steel is improved.
Further, in step S2, the steel ingot is heated in a step-by-step heating manner.
By adopting the technical scheme, the steel ingot is heated in a grading manner, so that the problem that the whole steel ingot is difficult to be uniformly heated due to direct temperature rise is reduced, and the influence caused by later-stage processing due to uneven temperature inside and outside the whole steel ingot is reduced.
Further, in the step S2, the steel ingot is heated at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃ for 1 hour.
By adopting the technical scheme, specific numerical values are determined for the graded heating of the steel ingot, so that the operation of operators at each time is consistent, and the situation that the graded temperatures of the graded heating are different due to different personal experiences is reduced.
Further, in the step S2, the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled to be 80-120 ℃/h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the heating temperature rate of the steel ingot is regulated, so that the conditions that the heating rate is high, the inner and outer parts of the steel ingot are difficult to be uniform, and the influence caused by later-stage processing due to the uneven temperature inside and outside the whole steel ingot is further reduced.
Further, in step S3, after the forging, the forging reduction ratio is larger than 3.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the material can expand with heat and contract with cold, the size of the cooled steel ingot can be reduced by a certain size compared with that of the steel ingot in the forging process, the compression ratio of each forging and pressing needs to be regulated, and the condition that the size of a finished product in the later stage is smaller than the standard size is reduced.
Further, in step S7, the steel ingot is subjected to flaw detection after being naturally cooled.
By adopting the technical scheme, flaw detection treatment is carried out on the prepared steel ingot, whether the prepared finished product has loss or not is detected, and marking is carried out, so that convenience is brought to later use.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the proportion of the raw materials in the whole proportion is reduced, the die steel is prepared according to the proportion, and the prepared die steel has better hardness uniformity when the hardness uniformity is detected, so that better mechanical property and polishing can be shown in the later use process; the proportion of C in the whole raw material is reduced, so that the hardness uniformity of the die steel is improved.
And secondly, preparing the proportioned die steel by adopting the preparation method, and performing heat preservation on the steel ingot at different times according to the actual temperature condition in each preparation stage, so that the success rate of preparing the high-performance die steel is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples
Table 1 shows the weight ratio of the die steel raw materials:
TABLE 1
Example 1 (using ratio 1):
a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: the raw materials of C, Si, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, P, S, B, Ni, Nb and Fe are mixed, put into an electric arc furnace for high-temperature smelting, then vacuum degassing is carried out through a vacuum degassing machine, and the mixture is poured into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot.
S2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1100 ℃ by a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 20 hours;
wherein in the heating process, the heating of the steel ingot is carried out in a graded heating mode, and the heating temperature of the steel ingot is kept for 1h at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃;
wherein the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled at 80 ℃/h.
S3, hot processing: naturally cooling the heated steel ingot, forging and pressing the steel ingot at 900 ℃, and adopting a forging and pressing mode of two upsetting and two drawing;
and after forging and pressing, the forging and pressing compression ratio is more than 3.
S4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot by an annealing furnace at 800 ℃, preserving heat for 15h, and naturally cooling to 300 ℃ after the treatment is finished.
S5, annealing: and putting the cooled steel ingot into an annealing furnace, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 48 hours, and taking the steel ingot out of the annealing furnace when the steel ingot is cooled to 150 ℃ in the equipment.
S6, pre-hardening: and (3) heating the annealed steel ingot to 900 ℃ again by a furnace, preserving heat for 30 hours, and cooling the steel ingot to 150 ℃ by water cooling.
S7, tempering and heat treatment: placing the pre-hardened steel ingot into a tempering furnace, heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 38 hours, cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment when the temperature of the equipment is cooled to 200 ℃, and naturally cooling;
and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection treatment on the steel ingot after the steel ingot is naturally cooled.
Example 2 (using ratio 1):
a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: the raw materials of C, Si, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, P, S, B, Ni, Nb and Fe are mixed, put into an electric arc furnace for high-temperature smelting, then vacuum degassing is carried out through a vacuum degassing machine, and the mixture is poured into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot.
S2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1150 ℃ by a heating furnace, and carrying out heat preservation for 18 h;
wherein in the heating process, the heating of the steel ingot is carried out in a graded heating mode, and the heating temperature of the steel ingot is kept for 1h at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃;
wherein the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled at 100 ℃/h.
S3, hot processing: naturally cooling the heated steel ingot, forging and pressing the steel ingot when the temperature is 950 ℃, and adopting a forging and pressing mode of two upsetting and two drawing;
and after forging and pressing, the forging and pressing compression ratio is more than 3.
S4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot by an annealing furnace at the temperature of 850 ℃ for 13h, and naturally cooling to 300 ℃ after the treatment.
S5, annealing: and (3) putting the cooled steel ingot into an annealing furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 46h, and taking the steel ingot out of the annealing furnace when the steel ingot is cooled to 180 ℃ in the equipment.
S6, pre-hardening: and (3) the annealed steel ingot is fed into the annealing furnace again and heated to 925 ℃, the temperature is kept for 27 hours, and the steel ingot is taken out of the furnace and cooled to 180 ℃ by water cooling.
S7, tempering and heat treatment: placing the pre-hardened steel ingot into a tempering furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 37h, cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment when the temperature in the equipment is 230 ℃, and naturally cooling;
and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection treatment on the steel ingot after the steel ingot is naturally cooled.
Example 3 (using ratio 1):
a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: the raw materials of C, Si, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, P, S, B, Ni, Nb and Fe are mixed, put into an electric arc furnace for high-temperature smelting, then vacuum degassing is carried out through a vacuum degassing machine, and the mixture is poured into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot.
S2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1200 ℃ by a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 15 h;
wherein in the heating process, the heating of the steel ingot is carried out in a graded heating mode, and the heating temperature of the steel ingot is kept for 1h at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃;
wherein the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled at 120 ℃/h.
S3, hot processing: naturally cooling the heated steel ingot, forging and pressing the steel ingot when the temperature is 1000 ℃, and adopting a forging and pressing mode of two upsetting and two drawing;
and after forging and pressing, the forging and pressing compression ratio is more than 3.
S4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot by an annealing furnace at 900 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to 300 ℃ after the treatment is finished.
S5, annealing: and (3) putting the cooled steel ingot into an annealing furnace, heating to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 45 hours, and taking the steel ingot out of the annealing furnace when the steel ingot is cooled to 200 ℃ in the equipment.
S6, pre-hardening: and (3) heating the annealed steel ingot to 950 ℃ again by a furnace entering and exiting furnace, preserving heat for 25 hours, and cooling the steel ingot to 200 ℃ by water cooling.
S7, tempering and heat treatment: placing the pre-hardened steel ingot into a tempering furnace, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 35 hours, cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment when the temperature of the equipment is cooled to 250 ℃, and naturally cooling;
and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection treatment on the steel ingot after the steel ingot is naturally cooled.
Example 4 (using ratio 2):
a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: the raw materials of C, Si, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, P, S, B, Ni, Nb and Fe are mixed, put into an electric arc furnace for high-temperature smelting, then vacuum degassing is carried out through a vacuum degassing machine, and the mixture is poured into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot.
S2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1150 ℃ by a heating furnace, and carrying out heat preservation for 18 h;
wherein in the heating process, the heating of the steel ingot is carried out in a graded heating mode, and the heating temperature of the steel ingot is kept for 1h at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃;
wherein the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled at 100 ℃/h.
S3, hot processing: naturally cooling the heated steel ingot, forging and pressing the steel ingot when the temperature is 950 ℃, and adopting a forging and pressing mode of two upsetting and two drawing;
and after forging and pressing, the forging and pressing compression ratio is more than 3.
S4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot by an annealing furnace at the temperature of 850 ℃ for 13h, and naturally cooling to 300 ℃ after the treatment.
S5, annealing: and (3) putting the cooled steel ingot into an annealing furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 46h, and taking the steel ingot out of the annealing furnace when the steel ingot is cooled to 180 ℃ in the equipment.
S6, pre-hardening: and (3) the annealed steel ingot is fed into the annealing furnace again and heated to 925 ℃, the temperature is kept for 27 hours, and the steel ingot is taken out of the furnace and cooled to 180 ℃ by water cooling.
S7, tempering and heat treatment: placing the pre-hardened steel ingot into a tempering furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 37h, cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment when the temperature in the equipment is 230 ℃, and naturally cooling;
and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection treatment on the steel ingot after the steel ingot is naturally cooled.
Example 5 (using ratio 3):
a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: the raw materials of C, Si, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, P, S, B, Ni, Nb and Fe are mixed, put into an electric arc furnace for high-temperature smelting, then vacuum degassing is carried out through a vacuum degassing machine, and the mixture is poured into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot.
S2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1150 ℃ by a heating furnace, and carrying out heat preservation for 18 h;
wherein in the heating process, the heating of the steel ingot is carried out in a graded heating mode, and the heating temperature of the steel ingot is kept for 1h at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃;
wherein the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled at 100 ℃/h.
S3, hot processing: naturally cooling the heated steel ingot, forging and pressing the steel ingot when the temperature is 950 ℃, and adopting a forging and pressing mode of two upsetting and two drawing;
and after forging and pressing, the forging and pressing compression ratio is more than 3.
S4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot by an annealing furnace at the temperature of 850 ℃ for 13h, and naturally cooling to 300 ℃ after the treatment.
S5, annealing: and (3) putting the cooled steel ingot into an annealing furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 46h, and taking the steel ingot out of the annealing furnace when the steel ingot is cooled to 180 ℃ in the equipment.
S6, pre-hardening: and (3) the annealed steel ingot is fed into the annealing furnace again and heated to 925 ℃, the temperature is kept for 27 hours, and the steel ingot is taken out of the furnace and cooled to 180 ℃ by water cooling.
S7, tempering and heat treatment: placing the pre-hardened steel ingot into a tempering furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 37h, cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment when the temperature in the equipment is 230 ℃, and naturally cooling;
and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection treatment on the steel ingot after the steel ingot is naturally cooled.
Example 6 (using ratio 4):
a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: the raw materials of C, Si, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, P, S, B, Ni, Nb and Fe are mixed, put into an electric arc furnace for high-temperature smelting, then vacuum degassing is carried out through a vacuum degassing machine, and the mixture is poured into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot.
S2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1150 ℃ by a heating furnace, and carrying out heat preservation for 18 h;
wherein in the heating process, the heating of the steel ingot is carried out in a graded heating mode, and the heating temperature of the steel ingot is kept for 1h at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃;
wherein the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled at 100 ℃/h.
S3, hot processing: naturally cooling the heated steel ingot, forging and pressing the steel ingot when the temperature is 950 ℃, and adopting a forging and pressing mode of two upsetting and two drawing;
and after forging and pressing, the forging and pressing compression ratio is more than 3.
S4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot by an annealing furnace at the temperature of 850 ℃ for 13h, and naturally cooling to 300 ℃ after the treatment.
S5, annealing: and (3) putting the cooled steel ingot into an annealing furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 46h, and taking the steel ingot out of the annealing furnace when the steel ingot is cooled to 180 ℃ in the equipment.
S6, pre-hardening: and (3) the annealed steel ingot is fed into the annealing furnace again and heated to 925 ℃, the temperature is kept for 27 hours, and the steel ingot is taken out of the furnace and cooled to 180 ℃ by water cooling.
S7, tempering and heat treatment: placing the pre-hardened steel ingot into a tempering furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 37h, cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment when the temperature in the equipment is 230 ℃, and naturally cooling;
and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection treatment on the steel ingot after the steel ingot is naturally cooled.
Example 7 (using ratio 5):
a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: the raw materials of C, Si, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, P, S, B, Ni, Nb and Fe are mixed, put into an electric arc furnace for high-temperature smelting, then vacuum degassing is carried out through a vacuum degassing machine, and the mixture is poured into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot.
S2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1150 ℃ by a heating furnace, and carrying out heat preservation for 18 h;
wherein in the heating process, the heating of the steel ingot is carried out in a graded heating mode, and the heating temperature of the steel ingot is kept for 1h at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃;
wherein the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled at 100 ℃/h.
S3, hot processing: naturally cooling the heated steel ingot, forging and pressing the steel ingot when the temperature is 950 ℃, and adopting a forging and pressing mode of two upsetting and two drawing;
and after forging and pressing, the forging and pressing compression ratio is more than 3.
S4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot by an annealing furnace at the temperature of 850 ℃ for 13h, and naturally cooling to 300 ℃ after the treatment.
S5, annealing: and (3) putting the cooled steel ingot into an annealing furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 46h, and taking the steel ingot out of the annealing furnace when the steel ingot is cooled to 180 ℃ in the equipment.
S6, pre-hardening: and (3) the annealed steel ingot is fed into the annealing furnace again and heated to 925 ℃, the temperature is kept for 27 hours, and the steel ingot is taken out of the furnace and cooled to 180 ℃ by water cooling.
S7, tempering and heat treatment: placing the pre-hardened steel ingot into a tempering furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 37h, cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment when the temperature in the equipment is 230 ℃, and naturally cooling;
and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection treatment on the steel ingot after the steel ingot is naturally cooled.
Example 8 (using ratio 6):
a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: the raw materials of C, Si, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, P, S, B, Ni, Nb and Fe are mixed, put into an electric arc furnace for high-temperature smelting, then vacuum degassing is carried out through a vacuum degassing machine, and the mixture is poured into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot.
S2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1150 ℃ by a heating furnace, and carrying out heat preservation for 18 h;
wherein in the heating process, the heating of the steel ingot is carried out in a graded heating mode, and the heating temperature of the steel ingot is kept for 1h at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃;
wherein the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled at 100 ℃/h.
S3, hot processing: naturally cooling the heated steel ingot, forging and pressing the steel ingot when the temperature is 950 ℃, and adopting a forging and pressing mode of two upsetting and two drawing;
and after forging and pressing, the forging and pressing compression ratio is more than 3.
S4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot by an annealing furnace at the temperature of 850 ℃ for 13h, and naturally cooling to 300 ℃ after the treatment.
S5, annealing: and (3) putting the cooled steel ingot into an annealing furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 46h, and taking the steel ingot out of the annealing furnace when the steel ingot is cooled to 180 ℃ in the equipment.
S6, pre-hardening: and (3) the annealed steel ingot is fed into the annealing furnace again and heated to 925 ℃, the temperature is kept for 27 hours, and the steel ingot is taken out of the furnace and cooled to 180 ℃ by water cooling.
S7, tempering and heat treatment: placing the pre-hardened steel ingot into a tempering furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 37h, cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment when the temperature in the equipment is 230 ℃, and naturally cooling;
and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection treatment on the steel ingot after the steel ingot is naturally cooled.
Example 9 (using ratio 7):
a preparation method of high-performance die steel comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: the raw materials of C, Si, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, P, S, B, Ni, Nb and Fe are mixed, put into an electric arc furnace for high-temperature smelting, then vacuum degassing is carried out through a vacuum degassing machine, and the mixture is poured into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot.
S2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1150 ℃ by a heating furnace, and carrying out heat preservation for 18 h;
wherein in the heating process, the heating of the steel ingot is carried out in a graded heating mode, and the heating temperature of the steel ingot is kept for 1h at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃;
wherein the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled at 100 ℃/h.
S3, hot processing: naturally cooling the heated steel ingot, forging and pressing the steel ingot when the temperature is 950 ℃, and adopting a forging and pressing mode of two upsetting and two drawing;
and after forging and pressing, the forging and pressing compression ratio is more than 3.
S4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot by an annealing furnace at the temperature of 850 ℃ for 13h, and naturally cooling to 300 ℃ after the treatment.
S5, annealing: and (3) putting the cooled steel ingot into an annealing furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 46h, and taking the steel ingot out of the annealing furnace when the steel ingot is cooled to 180 ℃ in the equipment.
S6, pre-hardening: and (3) the annealed steel ingot is fed into the annealing furnace again and heated to 925 ℃, the temperature is kept for 27 hours, and the steel ingot is taken out of the furnace and cooled to 180 ℃ by water cooling.
S7, tempering and heat treatment: placing the pre-hardened steel ingot into a tempering furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 37h, cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment when the temperature in the equipment is 230 ℃, and naturally cooling;
and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection treatment on the steel ingot after the steel ingot is naturally cooled.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example differs from example 5 in that: and C is 40 parts.
Comparative example 2:
this comparative example differs from example 5 in that: in step S2, the steel ingot is not heated in a step-by-step manner.
Performance test
Mold steels (length, width, height 2500mm, 1300mm, 550mm) were prepared according to the manufacturing methods of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and performance tests were performed thereon according to the following methods, and the test results are shown in table 2.
Hardness uniformity: and detecting the die steel according to the uniformity detection mode of the hardness blocks, wherein the hardness of the standard die steel is 240 HB.
Table 2: hardness uniformity of die steels of examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-2
| Detection article | Hardness uniformity (%) |
| Example 1 | 0.63 |
| Example 2 | 0.51 |
| Example 3 | 0.60 |
| Example 4 | 0.46 |
| Example 5 | 0.40 |
| Example 6 | 0.49 |
| Example 7 | 0.55 |
| Example 8 | 0.39 |
| Example 9 | 0.38 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.71 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.49 |
As can be seen from table 2, the temperature and time of the preparation stage in the preparation process were changed without changing the raw material ratio by comparing the three sets of data of example 1, example 2 and example 3; the hardness uniformity of the die steel is influenced by over-high and over-low temperature, and the fusion of the raw materials is changed by the change of the temperature, so that the performance of the die steel in the forging process is influenced to a certain extent, and finally the hardness uniformity of the die steel is fluctuated; the three sets of data of example 1, example 2 and example 3 are compared to obtain that the die steel prepared by the preparation method of example 2 has better hardness uniformity.
As can be seen from table 2, the ratios of the raw materials were changed according to the comparison of the four sets of data of example 2, example 4, example 5 and example 7 without changing the preparation method; it can be found that the proportion of the invention C in the whole raw materials is gradually increased along with the change of the proportion of the C in the whole raw materials, the hardness uniformity of the die steel finally prepared according to the preparation method is in a curve type and firstly decreases and then increases, and the hardness uniformity of the die steel is better under the proportion of the raw materials of the embodiment 5 and the balance weight of the C in the raw materials of the embodiment 5.
As can be seen from table 2, when comparing the two sets of data of example 5 and example 8, and comparing example 8 with example 5, the proportion of P in the raw material is reduced, and the toxicity of the raw material is reduced, it can be seen that the uniformity of hardness of the finally prepared die steel is not very different.
As can be seen from table 2, when comparing the two sets of data of example 5 and example 9, the example reduces the ratio of S in the raw materials compared with example 5 without changing the preparation method, and it can be seen that although the toxicity of the raw materials is reduced, the hardness uniformity of the finally prepared die steel is not greatly different.
It can be seen from table 2 that, by comparing the two sets of data of example 5 and comparative example 1, the ratio of the raw materials is changed without changing the preparation method, and the ratio of C in the whole raw materials is increased in comparative example 1 compared with example 1, and the finally prepared die steel has poorer uniformity of hardness.
As can be seen from table 2, when the two sets of data of example 5 and comparative example 2 are compared, and the ratio of raw materials is not changed, the comparative example 2 is heated in step 2 without adopting a step heating manner compared with example 5, and finally the prepared die steel has poor hardness uniformity.
In conclusion, in examples 1 to 7, the die steel prepared by the raw material ratio and the preparation method in example 5 has better hardness uniformity;
compared with the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 8, the die steel prepared by the raw material proportion and the preparation method of the embodiment 8 has better hardness uniformity;
compared with the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 9, the die steel prepared by the raw material proportion and the preparation method of the embodiment 9 has better hardness uniformity.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-performance die steel is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of C, 1-30 parts of Si, 50-150 parts of Mn, 50-100 parts of Cr, 20-100 parts of W, 40-100 parts of Mo, 1-10 parts of V, 1-2.5 parts of P, 0.1-0.5 part of S, 0.2-0.5 part of B, 60-150 parts of Ni, 1-15 parts of Nb and 9800 parts of Fe.
2. The high-performance die steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the die steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of C, 1-30 parts of Si, 50-150 parts of Mn, 50-100 parts of Cr, 20-100 parts of W, 40-100 parts of Mo, 1-10 parts of V, 1-1.5 parts of P, 0.1-0.5 part of S, 0.2-0.5 part of B, 60-150 parts of Ni, 1-15 parts of Nb and 9800 parts of Fe.
3. The high-performance die steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the die steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of C, 1-30 parts of Si, 50-150 parts of Mn, 50-100 parts of Cr, 20-100 parts of W, 40-100 parts of Mo, 1-10 parts of V, 1-2.5 parts of P, 0.1-0.2 part of S, 0.2-0.5 part of B, 60-150 parts of Ni, 1-15 parts of Nb and 9800 parts of Fe.
4. The preparation method of the high-performance die steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, smelting: 10-30 parts of C, 1-30 parts of Si, 50-150 parts of Mn, 50-100 parts of Cr, 20-100 parts of W, 40-100 parts of Mo, 1-10 parts of V, 1-2.5 parts of P, 0.1-0.5 part of S, 0.2-0.5 part of B, 60-150 parts of Ni, 1-15 parts of Nb and 9800 parts of Fe are mixed, subjected to high-temperature smelting and vacuum degassing, and injected into a casting mold through a ladle to be solidified to form a steel ingot;
s2, pre-heat treatment: heating the steel ingot to 1100-1200 ℃, and preserving heat for 15-20 h;
s3, hot processing: cooling the heated steel ingot at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃, and forging and pressing at the temperature;
s4, heat treatment after forging: normalizing the forged and pressed steel ingot at the temperature of 800-;
s5, annealing: heating the cooled steel ingot to 600-plus-700 ℃, preserving heat for 45-48h, and cooling the steel ingot in equipment to 150-plus-200 ℃ to obtain the steel ingot;
s6, pre-hardening: heating the annealed steel ingot to 900-950 ℃, preserving heat for 25-30h, and cooling the steel ingot out of the equipment to 150-200 ℃;
s7, tempering and heat treatment: heating the pre-hardened steel ingot to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 35-38h, cooling the steel ingot in equipment to 200-250 ℃, taking the steel ingot out of the equipment, and naturally cooling.
5. The method for preparing high-performance die steel according to claim 4, wherein the steel ingot is heated in a graded heating manner in step S2.
6. The method for preparing high-performance die steel according to claim 5, wherein in the step S2, the steel ingot is heated at 400 ℃, 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃ for 1 h.
7. The method for preparing a high performance die steel according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the heating rate of the steel ingot is controlled to be 80-120 ℃/h.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein in step S3, the forging reduction ratio is greater than 3.
9. The method for preparing high-performance die steel according to claim 4, wherein in the step S7, the steel ingot is subjected to flaw detection treatment after being naturally cooled.
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| US5674449A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1997-10-07 | Winsert, Inc. | Iron base alloys for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts, and the like |
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