CN111876666B - Boron microalloyed die steel and preparation process thereof - Google Patents

Boron microalloyed die steel and preparation process thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111876666B
CN111876666B CN202010585848.0A CN202010585848A CN111876666B CN 111876666 B CN111876666 B CN 111876666B CN 202010585848 A CN202010585848 A CN 202010585848A CN 111876666 B CN111876666 B CN 111876666B
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forging
piece
die steel
furnace
conveyor belt
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CN111876666A (en
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周青春
徐卫明
顾金才
葛建辉
钱强
赵博伟
宋小亮
丁勇
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Rugao Hongmao Cast Steel Co Ltd
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Rugao Hongmao Cast Steel Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B5/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow
    • B08B5/02—Cleaning by the force of jets, e.g. blowing-out cavities
    • B08B5/023—Cleaning travelling work
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of alloy steel manufacturing, and discloses boron microalloyed die steel and a preparation process thereof, which solve the technical problem that the hardness of the die steel is reduced due to the high-temperature tempering embrittlement phenomenon in the preparation process of the conventional boron microalloyed die steel, wherein the boron microalloyed die steel comprises the following main alloy elements in percentage by mass in the alloy chemical components: c: 0.20%, Si: 0.20%, Mn: 1.60%, Cr: 1.50%, Ni: 0.30%, Mo: 0.35%, V: 0.10%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.005%, B: 0.01 percent, and the balance of Fe, and is characterized in that: the die steel also comprises the following alloy chemical components in percentage by mass, wherein the mass percentage of W to C is 0.50%: 0.20 percent, and the preparation process comprises six processing steps of electric furnace smelting, high-temperature diffusion heat treatment, forging hot processing, post-forging heat treatment, saw cutting and quenching and tempering heat treatment. The invention has the effect of improving the hardness of the die steel.

Description

Boron microalloyed die steel and preparation process thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy steel manufacturing, in particular to boron microalloyed die steel and a preparation process thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry in China, the dosage of the die is larger and larger, and the performance requirements on the die material are higher and higher, especially the high polishing performance and the machining performance. The die is used in the production of automobile manufacturing industry, household appliances, electronic communication and the like.
Chinese patent publication No. CN106086691A discloses a boron microalloyed die steel and a manufacturing process thereof, belonging to the technical field of alloy steel manufacturing processes. The die steel comprises the following main alloy elements in alloy chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.20%, Si: 0.20%, Mn: 1.60%, Cr: 1.50%, Ni: 0.30%, Mo: 0.35%, V: 0.10%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.005%, B: 0.01 percent, and the balance being Fe. The preparation process of the steel of the invention is as follows: electric furnace smelting, high-temperature diffusion heat treatment, forging hot processing, heat treatment after forging, saw cutting and quenching and tempering heat treatment; in the post-forging heat treatment processing step, the steel ingot subjected to post-forging heat treatment is subjected to air cooling or air cooling after forging, and then is placed in an annealing furnace for tempering treatment, the heating temperature is 550-650 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-40 hours, and the steel ingot is discharged after the furnace is cooled to below 150 ℃.
However, the second type of temper brittleness phenomenon easily occurs during high-temperature tempering treatment of the steel ingot, so that the hardness and the toughness of the die steel are reduced, and the overall quality of the die steel is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the boron microalloyed die steel and the preparation process thereof, which reduce the tendency of high-temperature tempering embrittlement of the die steel, improve the hardness of the die steel and further improve the product quality of the die steel.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the boron microalloyed die steel comprises the following main alloy elements in alloy chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.20%, Si: 0.20%, Mn: 1.60%, Cr: 1.50%, Ni: 0.30%, Mo: 0.35%, V: 0.10%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.005%, B: 0.01 percent, the balance being Fe, and the alloy chemical composition of the die steel also comprises W, the mass percent of W and C is 0.50 percent: 0.20 percent.
Through the technical scheme, the tungsten has the characteristics of high hardness, high melting point and stable chemical property, and has the characteristic of higher stable transition temperature required by plastic transformation into brittleness, so that the possibility of high-temperature tempering brittleness of the die steel in the high-temperature tempering process is favorably reduced, the hardness of the die steel is favorably improved, and the production quality of die steel products is favorably improved.
The second technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation process of boron microalloyed die steel comprises the following processing steps:
electric furnace smelting: smelting in an electric arc furnace according to the alloy element proportion, then refining outside the furnace and vacuum degassing, and after casting into steel ingots, hot-feeding the steel ingots into a forging heating furnace;
high-temperature diffusion heat treatment: the heating temperature is 1180-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-20 hours after the temperature is equalized;
forging and hot processing: cooling the steel ingot subjected to high-temperature diffusion heat treatment to the temperature of 900-1200 ℃ for multi-directional forging processing, and adopting a two-upsetting and two-drawing forging mode, wherein the forging compression ratio is more than or equal to 3, the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃;
heat treatment after forging: after forging, air cooling or air cooling, then placing in an annealing furnace for tempering treatment, heating at 550-650 ℃, preserving heat for 30-40 hours, and discharging after furnace cooling to below 150 ℃;
sawing: flaw detection and saw cutting of two ends are carried out, defects at two ends of the forged piece are cut off, the surface quality of the forged piece is checked, impurities on the surface of the forged piece are cleaned through a forged piece cleaning device, and preparation is made for the subsequent quenching and tempering heat treatment;
quenching and tempering heat treatment: heating to 850-900 ℃ and preserving heat for 15-30 hours, taking out of the furnace and cooling with water or fog or air to below 200 ℃ of surface temperature, putting into a tempering furnace for tempering, heating to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 hours, cooling in the furnace to below 200 ℃, taking out of the furnace and air cooling.
Through the technical scheme, the boron microalloyed die steel is prepared through six processing steps of electric furnace smelting, high-temperature diffusion heat treatment, forging heat treatment, post-forging heat treatment, saw cutting and quenching and tempering heat treatment in sequence, and the sawed forged piece is cleaned through the forged piece cleaning device before quenching and tempering heat treatment, so that the cleaning of chip impurities and the like adhered to the surface of the forged piece is facilitated, and the cleaning efficiency is improved.
The invention is further configured to: and before sawing the forging, air-cooling or air-cooling the forging to below 50 ℃.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the forging is through the cooling before sawing, has reduced the forging high temperature and has made the operator carry out impurity clearance and the in-process that saw cuts to the forging by the possibility of scalding, has guaranteed the security performance of operation.
The invention is further configured to: the forge piece cleaning device comprises a workbench, and a material conveying mechanism and a cleaning mechanism are arranged on the workbench;
the conveying mechanism comprises two groups of rotating rollers and a conveyor belt wound between the two groups of rotating rollers in a tensioning mode, a through groove is formed in the workbench in the horizontal direction, two ends of each rotating roller are rotatably connected to the wall of the through groove, a motor is fixedly arranged on one side of the workbench, an output shaft of the motor penetrates through the workbench and is coaxially connected with one rotating roller, and two ends of the conveyor belt are respectively arranged as a feeding end and a discharging end;
the cleaning mechanism comprises a connecting rod and a supporting rod supported below the connecting rod, the lower portion of the supporting rod is fixedly connected to the workbench and located on one side of the conveying belt, a hollow cavity is formed in the connecting rod, the connecting rod is arranged above the workbench in a suspension mode along the horizontal direction, an air blowing opening is formed in the connecting rod towards the conveying belt, the air blowing opening is communicated with the cavity, an air pump is fixedly arranged on the workbench, and a connecting pipe of the air pump is communicated with the cavity in the connecting rod.
Through the technical scheme, the during operation is placed the forging on the conveyer belt, and one of them a set of live-rollers of motor drive is rotatory to drive conveyer belt transmission between two sets of live-rollers, the air pump is aerifyd towards the connecting rod through the connecting pipe this moment in, and then gas blows towards the forging through the mouth of blowing on the connecting rod, thereby utilizes the air current to clear up piece impurity etc. that bond on the forging, and can clear up a plurality of forgings simultaneously, has improved the efficiency of clearing up the forging surface.
The invention is further configured to: the one side of keeping away from the connecting rod at the conveyer belt on the workstation has set firmly the electromagnet piece, the electromagnet piece sets up along vertical direction, just the height that highly is higher than the connecting rod of electromagnet piece.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, have magnetism behind the electromagnetism iron plate circular telegram, when the piece impurity of forging surface is blown up, the electro-magnet adsorbs piece impurity to having reduced piece impurity and having splashed all around and having had the possibility of potential safety hazard, having played the effect of collecting and blockking to the piece impurity that splashes.
The invention is further configured to: the utility model discloses a connection pole, including the electromagnetism piece, the electromagnetism piece is connected with the extension piece towards one side an organic whole of connecting rod, the material that extends piece and electromagnetism piece is the same, it sets up along the horizontal direction to extend the piece, it constitutes "7" style of calligraphy structure to extend piece and electromagnetism piece.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, at the in-process that clears up the piece impurity on forging surface, extension piece and electromagnetism iron plate combine together, adsorb the piece impurity that has played splashing from vertical direction and horizontal direction respectively, have increased the area of contact to the piece impurity that has splashed, have played the effect that further stops to the piece impurity that splashes.
The invention is further configured to: the unsettled backup pad that is equipped with between leading to the groove, the backup pad is located between the conveyer belt and sets up along the length direction of conveyer belt, the width that leads to the groove is greater than the width of conveyer belt, the backup pad extends the conveyer belt along length direction's both sides, and is subaerial the below of workstation is provided with the cylinder, the output of cylinder stretch into lead to between groove and the conveyer belt and with backup pad fixed connection, a plurality of wearing to establish the hole have been seted up along length direction equidistance on the conveyer belt, one side rigid coupling that the backup pad deviates from the cylinder is equipped with the pole setting corresponding with wearing to establish the hole, and during operation, the forging is located on the conveyer belt, and will wear.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, when logical groove on the conveyer belt corresponds in vertical direction with the pole setting, the motor stop work, the conveyer belt stops the transmission, the output of cylinder stretches out this moment for the backup pad position rises, the pole setting is worn to establish logical groove and is pushed up the forging this moment, make the forging overturn on the conveyer belt, thereby be convenient for blow the clearance to a plurality of faces of forging, and then conveniently with the piece waste material clean up that the forging surface bonds, improved the quality of clearance.
The invention is further configured to: one side that the conveyer belt deviates from the backup pad is provided with the buffer layer, be equipped with the clearance between buffer layer and the conveyer belt, compression spring has set firmly between buffer layer and the conveyer belt, wear to establish the hole to correspond to wearing to establish on the conveyer belt on the buffer layer and having seted up wearing to establish the hole.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, when the forging overturned and fallen on the conveyer belt regularly, the forging led to the fact pressure to the buffer layer, led to the fact the extrusion to compression spring, buffer layer and compression spring all provided the cushion effect this moment, played the cushioning effect to the pressure that receives on the conveyer belt, and the effect of power is mutual to the reaction force that receives has played the cushioning effect on the forging, has played the guard action to the forging.
The invention is further configured to: one side that the buffer layer deviates from the conveyer belt has the sand grip along length direction rigid coupling, the sand grip is located one side in the through-going hole.
Through the technical scheme, the arrangement of the convex strips plays roles of limiting and positioning for the forge piece placed on the conveyor belt, so that an operator can conveniently attach the convex strips to the forge piece and place the convex strips on the buffer layer, and the forge piece can shield the through holes.
The invention is further configured to: the articulated horizontal pole that is connected with of workstation one end that is close to the feed end, one side rigid coupling that the workstation is close to the horizontal pole has the articulated shaft, horizontal pole and articulated shaft interference normal running fit, the horizontal pole sets up along the width direction who leads to the groove, just the horizontal pole is equipped with the brush hair towards one side of conveyer belt, the brush hair is inconsistent with the surface of conveyer belt.
Through the technical scheme, an operator can turn the cross bar around the hinged position between the cross bar and the workbench regularly, so that the cross bar is parallel to the conveyor belt, the conveyor belt rubs with the bristles in the conveying process, and the bristles sweep away the debris and impurities adhered to the conveyor belt, so that the conveyor belt is cleaned; after the cleaning is finished, the operator turns the cross rod open around the hinged shaft in the direction away from the conveyor belt.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the possibility of high-temperature tempering embrittlement of the die steel in the preparation process is reduced, and the hardness of the die steel is improved, so that the product quality of the die steel is improved;
2. the forged piece cleaning device replaces manual work to clean the scraps and impurities adhered to the surface of the forged piece, and cleaning efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram for showing the overall structure of a forging cleaning device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram for showing the positional relationship between the vertical rod on the support plate and the through hole on the conveyor belt and the internal structure of the connecting rod.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 1.
Reference numerals: 1. a forging cleaning device; 2. a work table; 21. a through groove; 22. an electromagnet block; 221. an extension block; 23. a cross bar; 231. brushing; 24. hinging a shaft; 25. a bearing plate; 3. a material conveying mechanism; 31. a rotating roller; 32. a conveyor belt; 321. perforating holes; 322. a buffer layer; 323. a compression spring; 324. a convex strip; 33. a motor; 34. a feeding end; 35. a discharge end; 4. a cleaning mechanism; 41. a connecting rod; 411. a cavity; 412. an air blowing port; 42. a support bar; 43. an air pump; 431. a connecting pipe; 5. a support plate; 51. erecting a rod; 6. a cylinder; 7. a material receiving box.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the invention discloses boron microalloyed die steel, which comprises the following main alloy elements in percentage by mass in the alloy chemical composition: c: 0.20%, Si: 0.20%, Mn: 1.60%, Cr: 1.50%, Ni: 0.30%, Mo: 0.35%, V: 0.10%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.005%, B: 0.01%, W: 0.50 percent, the balance being Fe, and the hardness being 68 HRC.
A preparation process of boron microalloyed die steel comprises the following processing steps:
electric furnace smelting: smelting in an electric arc furnace according to the alloy element proportion, then refining outside the furnace and vacuum degassing, and after casting into steel ingots, hot-feeding the steel ingots into a forging heating furnace;
high-temperature diffusion heat treatment: the heating temperature is 1180-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-20 hours after the temperature is equalized;
forging and hot processing: cooling the steel ingot subjected to high-temperature diffusion heat treatment to the temperature of 900-1200 ℃ for multi-directional forging processing, and adopting a two-upsetting and two-drawing forging mode, wherein the forging compression ratio is more than or equal to 3, the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃;
heat treatment after forging: air cooling or air cooling is carried out after forging, then the forged piece is placed in an annealing furnace for tempering treatment, the heating temperature is 550-650 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-40 hours, the forged piece is discharged from the furnace when the temperature is below 150 ℃, and the forged piece is air cooled or air cooled to below 50 ℃ before sawing the forged piece.
Sawing: detecting flaws and sawing two ends, cutting off defects at two ends of the forged piece, checking the surface quality of the forged piece, and cleaning impurities on the surface of the forged piece through a forged piece cleaning device 1 to prepare for the next quenching and tempering heat treatment;
quenching and tempering heat treatment: heating to 850-900 ℃ and preserving heat for 15-30 hours, taking out of the furnace and cooling with water or fog or air to below 200 ℃ of surface temperature, putting into a tempering furnace for tempering, heating to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 hours, cooling in the furnace to below 200 ℃, taking out of the furnace and air cooling.
Example 2:
the invention discloses boron microalloyed die steel, which comprises the following main alloy elements in percentage by mass in the alloy chemical composition: c: 0.20%, Si: 0.20%, Mn: 1.60%, Cr: 1.50%, Ni: 0.30%, Mo: 0.35%, V: 0.10%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.005%, B: 0.01%, W: 0.40 percent, the balance being Fe, and the hardness being 65 HRC.
A preparation process of boron microalloyed die steel comprises the following processing steps:
electric furnace smelting: smelting in an electric arc furnace according to the alloy element proportion, then refining outside the furnace and vacuum degassing, and after casting into steel ingots, hot-feeding the steel ingots into a forging heating furnace;
high-temperature diffusion heat treatment: the heating temperature is 1180-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-20 hours after the temperature is equalized;
forging and hot processing: cooling the steel ingot subjected to high-temperature diffusion heat treatment to the temperature of 900-1200 ℃ for multi-directional forging processing, and adopting a two-upsetting and two-drawing forging mode, wherein the forging compression ratio is more than or equal to 3, the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃;
heat treatment after forging: air cooling or air cooling is carried out after forging, then the forged piece is placed in an annealing furnace for tempering treatment, the heating temperature is 550-650 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-40 hours, the forged piece is discharged from the furnace when the temperature is below 150 ℃, and the forged piece is air cooled or air cooled to below 50 ℃ before sawing the forged piece.
Sawing: detecting flaws and sawing two ends, cutting off defects at two ends of the forged piece, checking the surface quality of the forged piece, and cleaning impurities on the surface of the forged piece through a forged piece cleaning device 1 to prepare for the next quenching and tempering heat treatment;
quenching and tempering heat treatment: heating to 850-900 ℃ and preserving heat for 15-30 hours, taking out of the furnace and cooling with water or fog or air to below 200 ℃ of surface temperature, putting into a tempering furnace for tempering, heating to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 hours, cooling in the furnace to below 200 ℃, taking out of the furnace and air cooling.
Example 3:
the invention discloses boron microalloyed die steel, which comprises the following main alloy elements in percentage by mass in the alloy chemical composition: c: 0.20%, Si: 0.20%, Mn: 1.60%, Cr: 1.50%, Ni: 0.30%, Mo: 0.35%, V: 0.10%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.005%, B: 0.01%, W: 0.30 percent, the balance being Fe, and the hardness being 60 HRC.
A preparation process of boron microalloyed die steel comprises the following processing steps:
electric furnace smelting: smelting in an electric arc furnace according to the alloy element proportion, then refining outside the furnace and vacuum degassing, and after casting into steel ingots, hot-feeding the steel ingots into a forging heating furnace;
high-temperature diffusion heat treatment: the heating temperature is 1180-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-20 hours after the temperature is equalized;
forging and hot processing: cooling the steel ingot subjected to high-temperature diffusion heat treatment to the temperature of 900-1200 ℃ for multi-directional forging processing, and adopting a two-upsetting and two-drawing forging mode, wherein the forging compression ratio is more than or equal to 3, the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃;
heat treatment after forging: air cooling or air cooling is carried out after forging, then the forged piece is placed in an annealing furnace for tempering treatment, the heating temperature is 550-650 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-40 hours, the forged piece is discharged from the furnace when the temperature is below 150 ℃, and the forged piece is air cooled or air cooled to below 50 ℃ before sawing the forged piece.
Sawing: detecting flaws and sawing two ends, cutting off defects at two ends of the forged piece, checking the surface quality of the forged piece, and cleaning impurities on the surface of the forged piece through a forged piece cleaning device 1 to prepare for the next quenching and tempering heat treatment;
quenching and tempering heat treatment: heating to 850-900 ℃ and preserving heat for 15-30 hours, taking out of the furnace and cooling with water or fog or air to below 200 ℃ of surface temperature, putting into a tempering furnace for tempering, heating to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 hours, cooling in the furnace to below 200 ℃, taking out of the furnace and air cooling.
Comparative example:
the boron microalloyed die steel comprises the following main alloy elements in alloy chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.20%, Si: 0.20%, Mn: 1.60%, Cr: 1.50%, Ni: 0.30%, Mo: 0.35%, V: 0.10%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.005%, B: 0.01 percent, the balance being Fe, and the hardness being 50 HRC.
A preparation process of boron microalloyed die steel comprises the following processing steps:
electric furnace smelting: smelting in an electric arc furnace according to the alloy element proportion, then refining outside the furnace and vacuum degassing, and after casting into steel ingots, hot-feeding the steel ingots into a forging heating furnace;
high-temperature diffusion heat treatment: the heating temperature is 1180-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-20 hours after the temperature is equalized;
forging and hot processing: cooling the steel ingot subjected to high-temperature diffusion heat treatment to the temperature of 900-1200 ℃ for multi-directional forging processing, and adopting a two-upsetting and two-drawing forging mode, wherein the forging compression ratio is more than or equal to 3, the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃;
heat treatment after forging: air cooling or air cooling is carried out after forging, then the forged piece is placed in an annealing furnace for tempering treatment, the heating temperature is 550-650 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-40 hours, the forged piece is discharged from the furnace when the temperature is below 150 ℃, and the forged piece is air cooled or air cooled to below 50 ℃ before sawing the forged piece.
Sawing: detecting flaws and sawing two ends, cutting off defects at two ends of the forged piece, checking the surface quality of the forged piece, and cleaning impurities on the surface of the forged piece through a forged piece cleaning device 1 to prepare for the next quenching and tempering heat treatment;
quenching and tempering heat treatment: heating to 850-900 ℃ and preserving heat for 15-30 hours, taking out of the furnace and cooling with water or fog or air to below 200 ℃ of surface temperature, putting into a tempering furnace for tempering, heating to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 hours, cooling in the furnace to below 200 ℃, taking out of the furnace and air cooling.
Example 4:
referring to fig. 1, in order to disclose a preparation process of boron microalloyed die steel, a forge piece cleaning device 1 comprises a workbench 2, and a material conveying mechanism 3 and a cleaning mechanism 4 are arranged on the workbench 2.
Referring to fig. 1, a through groove 21 is formed in a horizontal direction on a workbench 2, one end of the through groove 21 is an opening, a material conveying mechanism 3 comprises two sets of rotating rollers 31 and a conveyor belt 32 wound between the two sets of rotating rollers 31, two ends of each rotating roller 31 are rotatably connected to the wall of the through groove 21, a motor 33 is fixedly arranged on one side of the workbench 2, an output shaft of the motor 33 penetrates through the workbench 2 along the horizontal direction and is coaxially connected with one of the rotating rollers 31, two ends of the conveyor belt 32 are respectively arranged to be a feeding end 34 and a discharging end 35, and a gap is reserved between one end, close to the discharging end 35, of the conveyor belt 32 and the through groove 21.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in operation, an operator places a forging on conveyor 32, conveyor 32 conveys the forging from feed end 34 toward discharge end 35, cleaning mechanism 4 cleans debris from the surface of the forging, and the forging is disengaged from conveyor 32 as conveyor 32 conveys the forging to discharge end 35. In this embodiment, material receiving box 7 has been placed in the below of workstation 2 on the ground, and workstation 2 has received board 25 towards one side on ground and the welding in the below of discharge end 35, receives board 25 towards material receiving box 7 slope setting to make things convenient for the forging to fall on receiving board 25, along receiving board 25 landing in material receiving box 7 again.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the supporting plate 5 is arranged between the through grooves 21 in a suspending manner, the supporting plate 5 is arranged between the conveyor belts 32 and along the length direction of the conveyor belts 32, the width of each through groove 21 is larger than that of the conveyor belts 32, the conveyor belts 32 extend out of the supporting plate 5 along two sides of the length direction, in this embodiment, the width of the notch of each through groove 21 is 60cm, the width of each conveyor belt 32 is 50cm, and the width of the supporting plate 5 is 56 cm. An air cylinder 6 is arranged below the workbench 2 on the ground, and the output end of the air cylinder 6 extends into the space between the through groove 21 and the conveyor belt 32 and is fixedly bonded with one side of the support plate 5 facing the ground. One side that conveyer belt 32 deviates from backup pad 5 is provided with buffer layer 322, and buffer layer 322 chooses for use the rubber material to make, has elasticity, is equipped with the clearance between buffer layer 322 and the conveyer belt 32, has set firmly compression spring 323 between buffer layer 322 and the conveyer belt 32, and compression spring 323's both ends bond respectively on buffer layer 322 and conveyer belt 32. Along length direction equidistance on conveyer belt 32 and the buffer layer 322 run through and seted up a plurality of through holes 321, and one side that backup pad 5 deviates from cylinder 6 bonds and has a plurality of poles 51, and a plurality of poles 51 distribute along the length direction equidistance of backup pad 5, and pole 51 can wear to establish with through holes 321 and correspond in the vertical direction.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the convex strip 324 is bonded along the length direction on one side of the buffer layer 322 departing from the support plate 5, and the convex strip 324 is located on one side of the through groove 21, so that the arrangement is convenient for an operator to directly attach the forging piece to the convex strip 324 when the forging piece is placed on the buffer layer 322, and the forging piece is shielded by the through hole 321.
Refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3, in operation, the forging is placed on buffer layer 322 and is sheltered from wear to establish hole 321, the forging is at the in-process that conveys, clearance mechanism 4 clears up the piece impurity that forging surface bonded, when wear to establish hole 321 is corresponding with pole setting 51 in vertical direction, motor 33 stop work, conveyer belt 32 stops the transmission, the output of cylinder 6 stretches out this moment, make bracing piece 42 and pole setting 51 position rise, pole setting 51 is with the forging jack-up, make the forging orientation keep away from the direction upset of sand grip 324 and fall, buffer layer 322 and compression spring 323 provide the elastic buffer power, thereby conveniently clear up other surfaces of forging, be favorable to improving the quality of clearance.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the cleaning mechanism 4 includes a connecting rod 41 suspended above the working table 2, the connecting rod 41 is disposed along one side of the conveyor belt 32 extending in the length direction, a supporting rod 42 is bonded on the working table 2, and the supporting rod 42 is bonded and fixed to the connecting rod 41, so as to support the connecting rod 41. A hollow cavity 411 is arranged in the connecting rod 41, an air blowing port 412 is formed on the connecting rod 41 and faces the conveyor belt 32, the air blowing port 412 is communicated with the cavity 411, an air pump 43 is fixedly arranged on the workbench 2, and a connecting pipe 431 of the air pump 43 is communicated with the cavity 411 in the connecting rod 41.
Referring to fig. 1, the one side of keeping away from connecting rod 41 at conveyer belt 32 on workstation 2 has set firmly electromagnet block 22, and electromagnet block 22 passes through the electric wire (not shown in the figure) and is connected with the commercial power circular telegram, and electromagnet block 22 sets up along vertical direction, and electromagnet block 22 highly is higher than connecting rod 41's height, and electromagnet block 22 is towards one side body coupling of connecting rod 41 to have extension piece 221, and extension piece 221 is the same with electromagnet block 22's material, is the electro-magnet and makes. The extension block 221 is disposed in the horizontal direction, the extension block 221 and the electromagnet block 22 constitute a "7" shaped structure, and the "7" shaped structure is disposed toward the conveyor belt 32.
Referring to fig. 2, in the cleaning process, air pump 43 aerifys towards the connecting rod 41 in through connecting pipe 431, and the mouth 412 of blowing of connecting rod 41 blows towards the piece impurity etc. that are located the forging surface on conveyer belt 32 for piece impurity breaks away from the surface of forging, reaches the effect of clearing up the forging, and conveyer belt 32 is last once only can place polylith forging, thereby can clear up polylith forging simultaneously, is favorable to improving the efficiency of clearance. Meanwhile, the electromagnet block 22 and the extension block 221 are electrified, the electromagnet block 22 and the extension block 221 have magnetism, and splash scrap impurities (default metal scraps of the forged piece) are blocked and adsorbed, so that the possibility of safety accidents caused by splash of the scrap impurities is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, a cross bar 23 is hinged to one end of the workbench 2 close to the feeding end 34, the cross bar 23 is arranged along the width direction of the through groove 21, a hinge shaft 24 is welded to one side of the workbench 2 facing the cross bar 23 and one side of the notch of the through groove 21, the cross bar 23 and the hinge shaft 24 are in interference rotation fit, and bristles 231 are bonded to one side of the cross bar 23 facing the conveyor belt 32. When the buffer layer cleaning machine is used, an operator turns the cross rod 23 around the hinged position of the cross rod 23 and the hinged shaft 24, so that the cross rod 23 crosses the notch of the through groove 21, the bristles 231 are abutted to the surface of the buffer layer 322 departing from the conveyor belt 32, and when the conveyor belt 32 is in transmission, the buffer layer 322 and the bristles 231 rub against each other, so that the surface of the buffer layer 322 is cleaned. After cleaning, the operator turns the cross bar 23 around the hinge shaft 24 in a direction away from the conveyor belt 32 until the side of the cross bar 23 away from the bristles 231 is attached to the end surface of the workbench 2.
The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows: after the saw cutting is finished and before the quenching and tempering heat treatment is carried out, the forged piece cleaning device 1 is used for cleaning the scrap impurities on the surface of the forged piece. During operation, the operator places the forging on buffer layer 322, and the forging will wear to establish hole 321 and shelter from, and motor 33 drive live-rollers 31 is rotatory to make buffer layer 322 and conveyer belt 32 the forging transmission, aerify in air pump 43 towards connecting rod 41 this moment, the mouth 412 of blowing on the connecting rod 41 blows towards the surface of forging, makes the surface of piece impurity follow forging break away from, reaches the effect to the forging clearance. At this time, electromagnet block 22 and extension block 221 are energized and have magnetism, and block and adsorb the scattered debris and impurities.
When the through hole 321 on the conveyor belt 32 corresponds to the vertical rod 51 in the vertical direction, the motor 33 stops working, the conveyor belt 32 stops the conveyor belt 32, then the cylinder 6 drives the supporting rod 42 and the vertical rod 51 to ascend, and the vertical rod 51 jacks up the forge piece at the moment, so that the forge piece is overturned, other surfaces of the forge piece are cleaned conveniently, and the cleaning effect is improved. After the forged piece is turned over, the air cylinder 6 drives the positions of the supporting rod 42 and the upright rod 51 to descend to the initial position, the conveyor belt 32 continues conveying until the forged piece is separated from the conveyor belt 32 from the discharging end 35, the forged piece falls onto the bearing plate 25 and slides along the bearing plate 25 into the material receiving box 7, and the cleaning work is completed.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation process of boron microalloyed die steel is characterized in that the die steel comprises the following main alloy elements in percentage by mass in alloy chemical components: c: 0.20%, Si: 0.20%, Mn: 1.60%, Cr: 1.50%, Ni: 0.30%, Mo: 0.35%, V: 0.10%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.005%, B: 0.01 percent, the balance being Fe, and the alloy chemical composition of the die steel also comprises W, the mass percent of W and C is 0.50 percent: 0.20 percent; the method comprises the following processing steps:
electric furnace smelting: smelting in an electric arc furnace according to the alloy element proportion, then refining outside the furnace and vacuum degassing, and after casting into steel ingots, hot-feeding the steel ingots into a forging heating furnace;
high-temperature diffusion heat treatment: the heating temperature is 1180-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-20 hours after the temperature is equalized;
forging and hot processing: cooling the steel ingot subjected to high-temperature diffusion heat treatment to the temperature of 900-1200 ℃ for multi-directional forging processing, and adopting a two-upsetting and two-drawing forging mode, wherein the forging compression ratio is more than or equal to 3, the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃;
heat treatment after forging: after forging, air cooling or air cooling, then placing in an annealing furnace for tempering treatment, heating at 550-650 ℃, preserving heat for 30-40 hours, and discharging after furnace cooling to below 150 ℃;
sawing: flaw detection and saw cutting of two ends are carried out, defects at two ends of the forged piece are cut off, the surface quality of the forged piece is checked, impurities on the surface of the forged piece are cleaned through a forged piece cleaning device, and preparation is made for the subsequent quenching and tempering heat treatment;
quenching and tempering heat treatment: heating to 850-900 ℃, preserving heat for 15-30 hours, taking out of the furnace, cooling by water, fog or air until the surface temperature is below 200 ℃, putting into a tempering furnace, tempering, heating to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 hours, cooling to below 200 ℃, taking out of the furnace, and air cooling;
before sawing the forging, air-cooling or air-cooling the forging to below 50 ℃;
the forged piece cleaning device (1) comprises a workbench (2), and a material conveying mechanism (3) and a cleaning mechanism (4) are arranged on the workbench (2);
the material conveying mechanism (3) comprises two groups of rotating rollers (31) and a conveyor belt (32) wound between the two groups of rotating rollers (31) in a tensioning mode, a through groove (21) is formed in the workbench (2) in the horizontal direction, two ends of each rotating roller (31) are rotatably connected to the wall of the through groove (21), a motor (33) is fixedly arranged on one side of the workbench (2), an output shaft of the motor (33) penetrates through the workbench (2) and is coaxially connected with one rotating roller (31), and two ends of the conveyor belt (32) are respectively provided with a feeding end (34) and a discharging end (35);
the cleaning mechanism (4) comprises a connecting rod (41) and a supporting rod (42) supported below the connecting rod (41), the lower portion of the supporting rod (42) is fixedly connected to the workbench (2) and located on one side of the conveyor belt (32), a hollow cavity (411) is formed in the connecting rod (41), the connecting rod (41) is arranged above the workbench (2) in a hanging mode along the horizontal direction, an air blowing opening (412) is formed in the connecting rod (41) and faces the conveyor belt (32), the air blowing opening (412) is communicated with the cavity (411), an air pump (43) is fixedly arranged on the workbench (2), and a connecting pipe (431) of the air pump (43) is communicated with the cavity (411) in the connecting rod (41);
supporting plates (5) are suspended between the through grooves (21), the supporting plates (5) are positioned between the conveyor belts (32) and arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belts (32), the width of the through groove (21) is larger than that of the conveyor belt (32), the conveyor belt (32) extends out of the two sides of the supporting plate (5) along the length direction, the air cylinder (6) is arranged below the workbench (2) on the ground, the output end of the air cylinder (6) extends into the space between the through groove (21) and the conveyor belt (32) and is fixedly connected with the supporting plate (5), a plurality of through holes (321) are arranged on the conveyor belt (32) at equal intervals along the length direction, one side of the supporting plate (5) departing from the cylinder (6) is fixedly connected with an upright rod (51) corresponding to the through hole (321), the forged piece is positioned on the conveyor belt (32) and shields the through hole (321).
2. The process for preparing boron microalloyed die steel according to claim 1, wherein: one side of keeping away from connecting rod (41) on workstation (2) at conveyer belt (32) has set firmly magnet piece (22), magnet piece (22) set up along vertical direction, just the height that highly is higher than connecting rod (41) of magnet piece (22).
3. The process for preparing boron microalloyed die steel according to claim 2, wherein: one side body coupling of magnet piece (22) orientation connecting rod (41) extends piece (221), the material that extends piece (221) and magnet piece (22) is the same, it sets up along the horizontal direction to extend piece (221), it constitutes "7" style of calligraphy structure to extend piece (221) and magnet piece (22).
4. The process for preparing boron microalloyed die steel according to claim 2, wherein: one side that conveyer belt (32) deviates from backup pad (5) is provided with buffer layer (322), be equipped with the clearance between buffer layer (322) and conveyer belt (32), compression spring (323) have set firmly between buffer layer (322) and conveyer belt (32), wear-out hole (321) have been seted up corresponding to wear-out hole (321) on conveyer belt (32) on buffer layer (322).
5. The process for preparing boron microalloyed die steel according to claim 4, wherein: one side of the buffer layer (322) deviating from the conveyor belt (32) is fixedly connected with a convex strip (324) along the length direction, and the convex strip (324) is positioned on one side of the through hole (321).
6. The process for preparing boron microalloyed die steel according to claim 2, wherein: the articulated of workstation (2) one end that is close to feed end (34) is connected with horizontal pole (23), workstation (2) have articulated shaft (24) towards one side rigid coupling of horizontal pole (23), horizontal pole (23) and articulated shaft (24) interference fit, the width direction setting of logical groove (21) is followed in horizontal pole (23), just horizontal pole (23) are equipped with brush hair (231) towards one side of conveyer belt (32), brush hair (231) are inconsistent with the surface of conveyer belt (32).
CN202010585848.0A 2020-06-24 2020-06-24 Boron microalloyed die steel and preparation process thereof Active CN111876666B (en)

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JP4626092B2 (en) * 2001-06-01 2011-02-02 大同特殊鋼株式会社 Steel for plastic molds
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