CN111872294A - Method for improving forging processing quality of petroleum elevator - Google Patents
Method for improving forging processing quality of petroleum elevator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111872294A CN111872294A CN202010672879.XA CN202010672879A CN111872294A CN 111872294 A CN111872294 A CN 111872294A CN 202010672879 A CN202010672879 A CN 202010672879A CN 111872294 A CN111872294 A CN 111872294A
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- elevator
- forging
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- petroleum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the forging processing quality of a petroleum elevator, which comprises the working procedures of forging die preparation and elevator forging; the forging die preparation process comprises the following steps: selecting a die blank to carry out spheroidizing annealing treatment, then carrying out rough machining on the die blank according to the size of a die cavity designed by three-dimensional modeling of a computer, carrying out secondary quenching treatment after the rough machining, and finally carrying out numerical control milling finish machining and rolling according to the designed size of the die cavity; the elevator forging process comprises the following steps: selecting an elevator blank for preheating treatment, then sending the elevator blank onto a prepared forging die, forging and forming to obtain an elevator forge piece, taking out the elevator forge piece, punching and trimming, normalizing the forge piece after punching and trimming, and finally performing shot blasting reinforcement. By improving the forging die and the blank making process of the petroleum elevator, the forging efficiency and the forming quality of the elevator are improved, and the production cost of an enterprise is reduced; the heat treatment process of the forging die and the elevator is optimized, the service life of the forging die and the comprehensive performance of the petroleum elevator are prolonged, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of petroleum elevators, and particularly relates to a method for improving forging processing quality of petroleum elevators.
Background
The elevator is a special tool for lifting or descending a pipe column in petroleum drilling, the elevator comprises an elevator body and lifting lugs, the two lifting lugs are symmetrically fixed on two sides of the elevator body, a U-shaped groove for clamping the pipe column is arranged in the middle of the elevator body, the U-shaped groove is generally deeper to prevent the pipe column from sliding out of the groove to cause safety accidents, meanwhile, the bearing capacity is strong, the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the time consumption of on-site clamping operation is favorably shortened, after long-term tests, the petroleum elevator shown in figure 1 can well meet the requirements, the groove edge of the U-shaped groove of the oil elevator is convexly provided with a flange, the height of the flange is higher than that of the lifting lug, the flange is smoothly transited to the lifting lug, because the petroleum elevator is of a special-shaped structure, in order to improve the integral structural strength of the petroleum elevator, the petroleum elevator can be forged after being integrally formed by punching, but the service life and the production efficiency of a forging die and the elevator prepared by the traditional process method are lower.
Accordingly, further developments and improvements are still needed in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, a method for improving the forging quality of the petroleum elevator has been proposed. The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the forging processing quality of a petroleum elevator comprises the working procedures of forging die preparation and elevator forging;
the forging die preparation process comprises the following steps: selecting a die blank to carry out spheroidizing annealing treatment, then carrying out rough machining on the die blank according to the size of a die cavity designed by three-dimensional modeling of a computer, carrying out secondary quenching treatment after the rough machining, and finally carrying out numerical control milling finish machining and rolling according to the designed size of the die cavity;
the elevator forging process comprises the following steps: selecting an elevator blank for preheating treatment, then sending the elevator blank onto a prepared forging die, forging and forming to obtain an elevator forge piece, taking out the elevator forge piece, punching and trimming, normalizing the forge piece after punching and trimming, and finally performing shot blasting reinforcement.
Further, the spheroidizing annealing treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the mixture into a vacuum furnace, preheating the mixture to 640-660 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-3 h, and then cooling the mixture along with the furnace.
Further, the secondary quenching treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the mixture into a vacuum furnace, carrying out primary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 800-850 ℃, carrying out secondary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 1100 ℃, and carrying out tempering and heat preservation for 8h at 500-550 ℃.
Further, the normalizing treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 840-860 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 3-4 h, and air cooling.
Further, the blank temperature control is carried out when the elevator blank is forged and formed, the initial forging temperature of the elevator blank is controlled to 1150-1200 ℃, and the final forging temperature is controlled to 900 ℃.
Further, the forging die temperature is controlled when the elevator blank is forged and formed, and the forging die temperature is controlled to be 250-350 ℃ and kept constant.
Further, the elevator blank is preheated in an intermediate frequency furnace, the intermediate frequency furnace is a 750kW intermediate frequency furnace, and the heating beat is 30 seconds per piece.
Further, the elevator blank is fed to the forging dies of the press when the temperature of the elevator blank pre-heat treatment is 50 ℃ higher than the pre-set forging temperature.
Furthermore, the forging die is made of H13 die steel, and the forging die preparation process comprises the steps of preparing an elevator die for elevator forge piece forming and a punching and trimming composite die for punching and trimming.
Furthermore, the grinding direction and the metal flowing direction are controlled to be consistent in the numerical control milling finish machining process.
Has the advantages that:
by analyzing the quality defects of the petroleum elevator and the die forging products thereof and the failure reasons of the die forging, the die forging and the blank making process of the petroleum elevator are improved, and the forging efficiency and the forming quality of the petroleum elevator are improved; the appearance quality of a forging piece is improved and the service life of the forging die is prolonged by numerical control milling of a die cavity of the forging die, the blanking weight is reduced to 50 Kg/piece from the original 55 Kg/piece, the production quality is ensured, the material cost is saved, and the production cost of an enterprise is reduced; the heat treatment process of the forging die and the elevator workpiece is optimized, the service life of the forging die and the comprehensive performance of the petroleum elevator are prolonged, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an elevator configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving the forging processing quality of a petroleum elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper die of the elevator die in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the lower mold structure of an elevator mold in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a punching and trimming composite die in an embodiment of the invention.
In the drawings: 101. lifting lugs; a U-shaped slot 102; 103. a flange.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the following description of the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention is made clearly and completely, and other similar embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. in the following embodiments are directions with reference to the drawings only, and thus, the directional terms are used for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the elevator comprises an elevator body and lifting lugs 101, wherein the two lifting lugs 101 are symmetrically fixed on two sides of the elevator body, a U-shaped groove 102 for clamping a pipe column is formed in the middle of the elevator body, the groove edge of the U-shaped groove 102 of the elevator is convexly provided to form a flange 103, the height of the flange 103 is higher than that of the lifting lug 101, and the flange 103 is in smooth transition to the lifting lug 101.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 2, the method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator comprises the steps of preparing a forging die and forging the elevator;
the forging die preparation process comprises the following steps: selecting a die blank to carry out spheroidizing annealing treatment, then carrying out rough machining on the die blank according to the size of a die cavity designed by three-dimensional modeling of a computer, carrying out secondary quenching treatment after the rough machining, and finally carrying out numerical control milling finish machining and rolling according to the designed size of the die cavity; the oil elevator structure is technically revised, important dimensions and machining allowance are determined, the structure is symmetrically designed, and transition fillets and transition cones are adopted to reduce the structural stress. Through three-dimensional modeling of a computer, the die cavity sizes and the fit clearance of an upper die and a lower die are calculated, the angle of the die parting surface of a forge piece is adjusted, the fall of the die parting surface is eliminated, the purpose of balancing the horizontal offset force generated in the die forging process is achieved, numerical control programming of a die cavity of a simulated forging die is used for roughing and milling the die cavity, numerical control milling finish machining and rolling are carried out after the roughing of the upper die and the roughing of the lower die are carried out, and the surface roughness of the die cavity is reduced from Ra 3.2 mu m to Ra 0.4 mu m. As shown in figures 2 and 3, by self-designing an elevator die and a punching and trimming composite die and optimizing a die making process, when the die is applied to forged piece products such as BD76 and BD92, high-quality blank pieces with the external processing quantity controlled at 5mm are obtained, the forging efficiency and the forging forming quality are improved, the blanking weight is reduced to 50kg per piece from the original 55kg per piece, and the production cost of enterprises is reduced.
The elevator forging process comprises the following steps: selecting an elevator blank to perform preheating treatment, then sending the elevator blank to a prepared forging die, and performing forging forming to obtain the elevatorAnd (3) when the elevator forge piece is reached, punching and trimming after the elevator forge piece is taken out, normalizing the forge piece subjected to punching and trimming, and finally performing shot blasting reinforcement. The blank is made of 27SiMn material
The forged petroleum elevator is subjected to integrated punching and trimming by utilizing a 630-ton press, so that the machining allowance of the petroleum elevator is reduced to about 1.8% of the weight of a forged piece, the size deviation is effectively controlled, deformation is avoided, micro cracks are avoided, the consistency of the front and rear and left and right sizes of the elevator is ensured, and the material cost and the machining cost are greatly saved. The shot blasting strengthening is mainly cleaned by a shot blasting machine, and the purposes of surface extinction and scale removal can be achieved.
Further, the spheroidizing annealing treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the mixture into a vacuum furnace, preheating the mixture to 640 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling the mixture along with the furnace. The heat treatment is carried out by using a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and the steel sheet is cooled in a vacuum state along with the furnace, so that austenite grains are not easy to be coarse during quenching and heating, and deformation and cracking tendency during cooling are small.
Further, the secondary quenching treatment process comprises the following steps: putting into a vacuum furnace, performing primary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 800 ℃, performing secondary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 1100 ℃, and performing tempering and heat preservation for 8h at 500 ℃. After rough machining, secondary quenching treatment is carried out in a vacuum furnace, and the forging die has high strength and toughness, thermal fatigue and thermal cracking resistance, good oxidation resistance and thermal stability and hardness detection reaching HRC48-52 after quenching and high-temperature tempering.
Further, the normalizing treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 840 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 4h, and air cooling. The air cooling is natural cooling in the air, after the normalizing treatment of the box furnace, the use reliability and the durability of the petroleum elevator are obviously improved, the purposes of improving the wear resistance, the fatigue resistance and the corrosion resistance are achieved, and the residual stress of the forge piece can be eliminated.
Further, the blank temperature control is carried out when the elevator blank is forged and formed, the initial forging temperature of the elevator blank is controlled to 1150-1200 ℃, and the final forging temperature is controlled to 900 ℃. And (3) forging at the high temperature of 1200 ℃ to reduce the oxide skin, plastic deformation and cracks of the forge piece and control the die forging deformation force. When the blank is formed in the finish forging die cavity, the metal deformation resistance is small, the oxidized skin is soft and can be separated from the surface of the metal to play a role in lubrication, and therefore, the filling forming of the metal is facilitated.
Further, the forging die temperature is controlled when the elevator blank is forged and formed, and the forging die temperature is controlled to be 250-350 ℃ and kept constant. Preheating the upper die and the lower die of the forging die by a heater, wherein the preheating temperature reaches 250-350 ℃ and is kept constant, so that the loss of metal deformation temperature is reduced, the metal flow is facilitated, the quality of a forging piece and the forging efficiency are improved, and the service life of the forging die is prolonged; the forging die has simple structure and safe and reliable operation.
Further, the elevator blank is preheated in an intermediate frequency furnace, the intermediate frequency furnace is a 750kW intermediate frequency furnace, and the heating time is 30 seconds per piece. Intermediate frequency furnace self-heating blank, the heating is even, and the core table difference in temperature is minimum, has prolonged the life of forging die, and production efficiency is high, and the oxidation is few, and this heating method heating is even, and rate of heating is fast, and adjustable controllable temperature, core table difference in temperature is minimum, and the oxidation is few, avoids the blank to overburn.
Further, the elevator blank is fed to the forging dies of the press when the temperature of the elevator blank pre-heat treatment is 50 ℃ higher than the pre-set forging temperature. When the blank is burnt to 50 ℃ higher than the forging temperature, namely the temperature reaches 1200-1250 ℃, the blank is directly conveyed to an automatic material conveying device by an intermediate frequency furnace, and then is actively conveyed to a 2500-ton friction press by a carrier roller conveying line to be directly forged, and the forging precision is ensured, and the forging efficiency and the compactness of a forging product are improved through one-step forming.
Furthermore, the forging die is made of H13 die steel, and the forging die preparation process comprises the steps of preparing an elevator die for elevator forge piece forming and a punching and trimming composite die for punching and trimming. H13 die steel is selected, so that the influence of residual stress in the die manufacturing process is reduced, the service life of the die is prolonged, and the hot hardness and high wear resistance are obtained. The prepared elevator die is arranged on a 2500-ton friction press to wait for forging of elevator blanks as shown in figures 3 and 4, the prepared punching and trimming composite die is arranged on a 630-ton press to wait for punching and trimming of forged elevators as shown in figure 5, the two dies are matched with the two presses, the original technological process is simplified, the petroleum elevator with higher shape and performance can be obtained in two steps, and the production efficiency of enterprises is greatly improved.
Furthermore, the grinding direction is controlled to be consistent with the metal flowing direction in the numerical control milling finish machining process. The grinding direction is consistent with the metal flowing direction so as to improve the appearance quality of the forging piece and prolong the service life of the forging die.
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 2, the method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator comprises the steps of preparing a forging die and forging the elevator;
the forging die preparation process comprises the following steps: selecting a die blank to carry out spheroidizing annealing treatment, then carrying out rough machining on the die blank according to the size of a die cavity designed by three-dimensional modeling of a computer, carrying out secondary quenching treatment after the rough machining, and finally carrying out numerical control milling finish machining and rolling according to the designed size of the die cavity; the oil elevator structure is technically revised, important dimensions and machining allowance are determined, the structure is symmetrically designed, and transition fillets and transition cones are adopted to reduce the structural stress. Through three-dimensional modeling of a computer, the die cavity sizes and the fit clearance of an upper die and a lower die are calculated, the angle of the die parting surface of a forge piece is adjusted, the fall of the die parting surface is eliminated, the purpose of balancing the horizontal offset force generated in the die forging process is achieved, numerical control programming of a die cavity of a simulated forging die is used for roughing and milling the die cavity, numerical control milling finish machining and rolling are carried out after the roughing of the upper die and the roughing of the lower die are carried out, and the surface roughness of the die cavity is reduced from Ra 3.2 mu m to Ra 0.4 mu m. As shown in figures 2 and 3, by self-designing an elevator die and a punching and trimming compound die and optimizing a die making process, when the elevator die and the punching and trimming compound die are applied to forged piece products such as BD76 and BD92, high-quality blank pieces with the external processing quantity controlled at 5mm are obtained, the forging efficiency and the forging forming quality are improved, the blanking weight is reduced to 50kg per piece from the original 55kg per piece, and the production cost of enterprises is reduced.
The elevator forging process comprises the following steps: selecting an elevator blank for preheating treatment, then sending the elevator blank onto a prepared forging die, forging and forming to obtain an elevator forge piece, taking out the elevator forge piece, punching and trimming, and thenNormalizing the punched and trimmed forge piece, and finally performing shot blasting reinforcement. Selection of blanks
The forged oil elevator carries out integrated punching and trimming by utilizing a 630-ton press, so that the machining allowance of the oil elevator is reduced to about 1.8% of the weight of a forged piece, the size deviation is effectively controlled, deformation is not generated, micro cracks are not generated, the consistency of the front and rear and left and right sizes of the elevator is ensured, and the material cost and the machining cost are greatly saved. The shot blasting strengthening is mainly cleaned by a shot blasting machine, and the purposes of surface extinction and scale removal can be achieved.
Further, the spheroidizing annealing treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the mixture into a vacuum furnace, preheating the mixture to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5 hours, and then cooling the mixture along with the furnace. The vacuum heat treatment furnace is used for heat treatment, and the steel is preheated to 650 ℃ and kept warm for 2.5h to be cooled along with the furnace in a vacuum state, so that austenite grains are not easy to be coarse during quenching and heating, and deformation and cracking tendency during cooling are small.
Further, the secondary quenching treatment process comprises the following steps: putting into a vacuum furnace, performing primary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 820 ℃, performing secondary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 1100 ℃, and performing tempering and heat preservation for 8h at 520 ℃. After rough machining, secondary quenching treatment is carried out in a vacuum furnace, and the forging die has high strength and toughness, thermal fatigue and thermal cracking resistance, good oxidation resistance and thermal stability and hardness detection reaching HRC48-52 after quenching and high-temperature tempering.
Further, the normalizing treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3.5h, and then cooling in air. The air cooling is natural cooling in the air, after the normalizing treatment of the box furnace, the use reliability and the durability of the petroleum elevator are obviously improved, the purposes of improving the wear resistance, the fatigue resistance and the corrosion resistance are achieved, and the residual stress of the forge piece can be eliminated.
Further, the blank temperature control is carried out when the elevator blank is forged and formed, the initial forging temperature of the elevator blank is controlled to 1150-1200 ℃, and the final forging temperature is controlled to 900 ℃. And (3) forging at the high temperature of 1200 ℃ to reduce the oxide skin, plastic deformation and cracks of the forge piece and control the die forging deformation force. When the blank is formed in the finish forging die cavity, the metal deformation resistance is small, the oxidized skin is soft and can be separated from the surface of the metal to play a role in lubrication, and therefore, the filling forming of the metal is facilitated.
Further, the forging die temperature is controlled when the elevator blank is forged and formed, and the forging die temperature is controlled to be 250-350 ℃ and kept constant. Preheating the upper die and the lower die of the forging die by a heater, wherein the preheating temperature reaches 250-350 ℃ and is kept constant, so that the loss of metal deformation temperature is reduced, the metal flow is facilitated, the quality of a forging piece and the forging efficiency are improved, and the service life of the forging die is prolonged; the forging die has simple structure and safe and reliable operation.
Further, the elevator blank is preheated in an intermediate frequency furnace, the intermediate frequency furnace is a 750kW intermediate frequency furnace, and the heating time is 30 seconds per piece. Intermediate frequency furnace self-heating blank, the heating is even, and the core table difference in temperature is minimum, has prolonged the life of forging die, and production efficiency is high, and the oxidation is few, and this heating method heating is even, and rate of heating is fast, and adjustable controllable temperature, core table difference in temperature is minimum, and the oxidation is few, avoids the blank to overburn.
Further, the elevator blank is fed to the forging dies of the press when the temperature of the elevator blank pre-heat treatment is 50 ℃ higher than the pre-set forging temperature. When the blank is burnt to 50 ℃ higher than the forging temperature, namely the temperature reaches 1200-1250 ℃, the blank is directly conveyed to an automatic material conveying device by an intermediate frequency furnace, and then is actively conveyed to a 2500-ton friction press by a carrier roller conveying line to be directly forged, and the forging precision is ensured, and the forging efficiency and the compactness of a forging product are improved through one-step forming.
Furthermore, the forging die is made of H13 die steel, and the forging die preparation process comprises the steps of preparing an elevator die for elevator forge piece forming and a punching and trimming composite die for punching and trimming. H13 die steel is selected, so that the influence of residual stress in the die manufacturing process is reduced, the service life of the die is prolonged, and the hot hardness and high wear resistance are obtained. The prepared elevator die is arranged on a 2500-ton friction press to wait for forging of elevator blanks as shown in figures 3 and 4, the prepared punching and trimming composite die is arranged on a 630-ton press to wait for punching and trimming of forged elevators as shown in figure 5, the two dies are matched with the two presses, the original technological process is simplified, the petroleum elevator with higher shape and performance can be obtained in two steps, and the production efficiency of enterprises is greatly improved.
Furthermore, the grinding direction is controlled to be consistent with the metal flowing direction in the numerical control milling finish machining process. The grinding direction is consistent with the metal flowing direction so as to improve the appearance quality of the forging piece and prolong the service life of the forging die.
Example 3
As shown in FIG. 2, the method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator comprises the steps of preparing a forging die and forging the elevator;
the forging die preparation process comprises the following steps: selecting a die blank to carry out spheroidizing annealing treatment, then carrying out rough machining on the die blank according to the size of a die cavity designed by three-dimensional modeling of a computer, carrying out secondary quenching treatment after the rough machining, and finally carrying out numerical control milling finish machining and rolling according to the designed size of the die cavity; the oil elevator structure is technically revised, important dimensions and machining allowance are determined, the structure is symmetrically designed, and transition fillets and transition cones are adopted to reduce the structural stress. Through three-dimensional modeling of a computer, the die cavity sizes and the fit clearance of an upper die and a lower die are calculated, the angle of the die parting surface of a forge piece is adjusted, the fall of the die parting surface is eliminated, the purpose of balancing the horizontal offset force generated in the die forging process is achieved, numerical control programming of a die cavity of a simulated forging die is used for roughing and milling the die cavity, numerical control milling finish machining and rolling are carried out after the roughing of the upper die and the roughing of the lower die are carried out, and the surface roughness of the die cavity is reduced from Ra 3.2 mu m to Ra 0.4 mu m. As shown in figures 2 and 3, by self-designing an elevator die and a punching and trimming compound die and optimizing a die making process, when the elevator die and the punching and trimming compound die are applied to forged piece products such as BD76 and BD92, high-quality blank pieces with the external processing quantity controlled at 5mm are obtained, the forging efficiency and the forging forming quality are improved, the blanking weight is reduced to 50kg per piece from the original 55kg per piece, and the production cost of enterprises is reduced.
The elevator forging process comprises the following steps: selecting an elevator blank for preheating treatment, then sending the elevator blank onto a prepared forging die, forging and forming to obtain an elevator forge piece, taking out the elevator forge piece, punching and trimming, and normalizing the forge piece after punching and trimming, wherein the elevator forge piece is finally subjected to preheating treatmentStrengthening the post-spraying pill. The blank is made of 27SiMn material
The forged petroleum elevator is subjected to integrated punching and trimming by utilizing a 630-ton press, so that the machining allowance of the petroleum elevator is reduced to about 1.8% of the weight of a forged piece, the size deviation is effectively controlled, deformation is avoided, micro cracks are avoided, the consistency of the front and rear and left and right sizes of the elevator is ensured, and the material cost and the machining cost are greatly saved. The shot blasting strengthening is mainly cleaned by a shot blasting machine, and the purposes of surface extinction and scale removal can be achieved.
Further, the spheroidizing annealing treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the mixture into a vacuum furnace, preheating the mixture to 660 ℃, preserving the heat for 2 hours, and then cooling the mixture along with the furnace. The heat treatment is carried out by using a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and the furnace is cooled in a vacuum state, so that austenite grains are not easy to be coarse during quenching and heating, and deformation and cracking tendency during cooling are small.
Further, the secondary quenching treatment process comprises the following steps: putting into a vacuum furnace, performing primary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 850 ℃, performing secondary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 1100 ℃, and performing tempering and heat preservation for 8h at 550 ℃. After rough machining, secondary quenching treatment is carried out in a vacuum furnace, and the forging die has high strength and toughness, thermal fatigue and thermal cracking resistance, good oxidation resistance and thermal stability and hardness detection reaching HRC48-52 after quenching and high-temperature tempering.
Further, the normalizing treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 860 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 3h, and air cooling. The air cooling is natural cooling in the air, after the normalizing treatment of the box furnace, the use reliability and the durability of the petroleum elevator are obviously improved, the purposes of improving the wear resistance, the fatigue resistance and the corrosion resistance are achieved, and the residual stress of the forge piece can be eliminated.
Further, the blank temperature control is carried out when the elevator blank is forged and formed, the initial forging temperature of the elevator blank is controlled to 1150-1200 ℃, and the final forging temperature is controlled to 900 ℃. And (3) forging at the high temperature of 1200 ℃ to reduce the oxide skin, plastic deformation and cracks of the forge piece and control the die forging deformation force. When the blank is formed in the finish forging die cavity, the metal deformation resistance is small, the oxidized skin is soft and can be separated from the surface of the metal to play a role in lubrication, and therefore, the filling forming of the metal is facilitated.
Further, the forging die temperature is controlled when the elevator blank is forged and formed, and the forging die temperature is controlled to be 250-350 ℃ and kept constant. Preheating the upper die and the lower die of the forging die by a heater, wherein the preheating temperature reaches 250-350 ℃ and is kept constant, so that the loss of metal deformation temperature is reduced, the metal flow is facilitated, the quality of a forging piece and the forging efficiency are improved, and the service life of the forging die is prolonged; the forging die has simple structure and safe and reliable operation.
Further, the elevator blank is preheated in an intermediate frequency furnace, the intermediate frequency furnace is a 750kW intermediate frequency furnace, and the heating time is 30 seconds per piece. Intermediate frequency furnace self-heating blank, the heating is even, and the core table difference in temperature is minimum, has prolonged the life of forging die, and production efficiency is high, and the oxidation is few, and this heating method heating is even, and rate of heating is fast, and adjustable controllable temperature, core table difference in temperature is minimum, and the oxidation is few, avoids the blank to overburn.
Further, the elevator blank is fed to the forging dies of the press when the temperature of the elevator blank pre-heat treatment is 50 ℃ higher than the pre-set forging temperature. When the blank is burnt to 50 ℃ higher than the forging temperature, namely the temperature reaches 1200-1250 ℃, the blank is directly conveyed to an automatic material conveying device by an intermediate frequency furnace, and then is actively conveyed to a 2500-ton friction press by a carrier roller conveying line to be directly forged, and the forging precision is ensured, and the forging efficiency and the compactness of a forging product are improved through one-step forming.
Furthermore, the forging die is made of H13 die steel, and the forging die preparation process comprises the steps of preparing an elevator die for elevator forge piece forming and a punching and trimming composite die for punching and trimming. H13 die steel is selected, so that the influence of residual stress in the die manufacturing process is reduced, the service life of the die is prolonged, and the hot hardness and high wear resistance are obtained. The prepared elevator die is arranged on a 2500-ton friction press to wait for forging of elevator blanks as shown in figures 3 and 4, the prepared punching and trimming composite die is arranged on a 630-ton press to wait for punching and trimming of forged elevators as shown in figure 5, the two dies are matched with the two presses, the original technological process is simplified, the petroleum elevator with higher shape and performance can be obtained in two steps, and the production efficiency of enterprises is greatly improved.
Furthermore, the grinding direction is controlled to be consistent with the metal flowing direction in the numerical control milling finish machining process. The grinding direction is consistent with the metal flowing direction so as to improve the appearance quality of the forging piece and prolong the service life of the forging die.
The present invention has been described in detail, and it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the forging processing quality of a petroleum elevator is characterized by comprising the working procedures of forging die preparation and elevator forging;
the forging die preparation process comprises the following steps: selecting a die blank to carry out spheroidizing annealing treatment, then carrying out rough machining on the die blank according to the size of a die cavity designed by three-dimensional modeling of a computer, carrying out secondary quenching treatment after the rough machining, and finally carrying out numerical control milling finish machining and rolling according to the designed size of the die cavity;
the elevator forging process comprises the following steps: selecting an elevator blank for preheating treatment, then sending the elevator blank onto a prepared forging die, forging and forming to obtain an elevator forge piece, taking out the elevator forge piece, punching and trimming, normalizing the forge piece after punching and trimming, and finally performing shot blasting reinforcement.
2. The method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spheroidizing annealing process comprises the following steps: putting the mixture into a vacuum furnace, preheating the mixture to 640-660 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-3 h, and then cooling the mixture along with the furnace.
3. The method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary quenching treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the mixture into a vacuum furnace, carrying out primary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 800-850 ℃, carrying out secondary preheating and heat preservation for 4h at 1100 ℃, and carrying out tempering and heat preservation for 8h at 500-550 ℃.
4. The method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the normalizing process comprises the following steps: heating to 840-860 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 3-4 h, and air cooling.
5. The method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blank temperature is controlled when the elevator blank is forged and formed, the initial forging temperature of the elevator blank is controlled to 1150-1200 ℃, and the final forging temperature is controlled to 900 ℃.
6. The method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging die temperature is controlled when the elevator blank is forged and formed, and the forging die temperature is controlled to be between 250 ℃ and 350 ℃ and kept constant.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the elevator blank is preheated in an intermediate frequency furnace, the intermediate frequency furnace being a 750kW intermediate frequency furnace, with a heating cycle time of 30 seconds per piece.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the elevator blank is fed to the forging dies of the press when the elevator blank is preheated to a temperature 50 ℃ above the pre-set forging temperature.
9. The method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator according to claim 1, wherein the forging die is made of H13 die steel, and the forging die preparation process comprises the steps of preparing an elevator die for elevator forging forming and a punching and trimming composite die for punching and trimming.
10. The method for improving the forging processing quality of the petroleum elevator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grinding direction is controlled to be consistent with the metal flowing direction in the numerical control milling finish machining process.
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