CN111868074A - Hpv免疫疗法 - Google Patents
Hpv免疫疗法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111868074A CN111868074A CN201980019740.0A CN201980019740A CN111868074A CN 111868074 A CN111868074 A CN 111868074A CN 201980019740 A CN201980019740 A CN 201980019740A CN 111868074 A CN111868074 A CN 111868074A
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Abstract
本文提供与在受试者中治疗HPV感染和/或癌症相关的组合物和方法。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2018年1月24日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/621,279(其通过引用被整体并入本文)的优先权的权益。
背景
人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是包括超过150种类型的病毒家族。皮肤或粘膜的选择性感染是HPV的典型特征,并且HPV的复制与这些膜中细胞的成熟密切相关。最常见的HPV类型是低风险的HPV-6和HPV-11,HPV-6和HPV-11是造成90%的生殖器疣和被称为复发性呼吸道乳头瘤病的疾病(其中肿瘤在气道中生长)的原因。HPV-16和HPV-18导致宫颈癌、肛门癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、阴茎癌、舌根癌、喉癌和扁桃体癌中的大多数。在慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)以及血液和骨髓移植(BMT)患者中,HPV在非黑素瘤皮肤癌(NMSC)(包含皮肤鳞状细胞癌(SCC))的进展中起作用。美国疾病控制中心最近进行的基于美国人群的研究表明,66%的宫颈癌、55%的阴道癌、79%的肛门癌和62%的口咽癌可归因于16型HPV或18型HPV。在全球范围内,HPV感染每年导致估计530000例宫颈癌病例(~270000例死亡),其中大多数(86%的病例,88%的死亡)发生在发展中国家。总计,HPV占全世界癌症负担的5.2%。在美国,每年估计26000例新的癌症可归因于HPV(其中女性约17000,男性约9000)。
用于HPV相关性病变的标准治疗选择包含通过冷冻疗法物理消除(即,使用极冷来破坏组织)、化学烧灼(即,使用化学制品来破坏组织)、以及激光去除或手术去除。然而,在癌前病变中,仅外科手术并不十分有效,因为20-30%或更多的病例复发(具有归因于手术无法消除HPV的先前经治疗的位点处的病变以及归因于新感染的位点处的病变)。当这种情况发生时,则使用放射疗法和化学疗法则相对成功;然而,约50%的HPV相关性癌症患者仍死于该疾病。显然,迫切需要新的治疗策略来控制HPV相关性癌症的负担。
发明概述
本文提供与基于T细胞表位(例如,表1中列出的HPV表位)的HPV特异性预防性免疫疗法和/或治疗性免疫疗法的发展相关的组合物和方法,T细胞表位(例如,表1中列出的HPV表位)被细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)识别,并且可以用于预防和/或治疗HPV感染、和/或癌症(例如,表达本文提供的HPV抗原的癌症)、和/或癌前病变。
在一些实施方案中,本文所描述的组合物可以与治疗HPV感染的病变和/或HPV相关性肿瘤的化学方法和/或非化学方法联合施用。在某些实施方案中,本文所描述的组合物可以与热消融(thermoablation)、与冷冻疗法、与手术切除、与化学消融、烧灼、或者与这些的任何组合联合施用。
在一些实施方案中,本文所描述的组合物可以与抑制HPV复制的抗病毒药联合施用。在某些实施方案中,本文所描述的组合物可以与普达非洛(podofilox)、与咪喹莫特(imiquimod)、与赛儿茶素(sinecatechins)、与鬼臼树脂、与三氯乙酸、与二氯乙酸、或与这些的任何组合联合施用。在某些方面,本文提供含有多肽(多肽包括本文所描述的HPV表位(例如,表1中列出的HPV表位)中的一种或更多种)和/或编码这样的多肽的核酸的组合物(例如,治疗性组合物和/或预防性组合物,如疫苗组合物),以及通过向受试者施用这样的组合物来治疗和/或预防HPV感染、和/或癌症、和/或癌前病变的方法。在一些实施方案中,HPV表位来自HPV E1、HPV E2、HPV E4、HPV E5、HPV E6、和/或HPV E7。在一些实施方案中,HPV是16型或18型。例如,适合的HPV表位可以来源于HPV16-E2、HPV18-E6和/或HPV18-E5(如表1中列出的HPV表位)。在一些实施方案中,多肽不是全长HPV蛋白。在一些实施方案中,多肽含有不超过5个、10个、15个、或20个连续氨基酸的全长HPV蛋白。在一些实施方案中,多肽基本上由本文所描述的多个HPV表位组成。在一些实施方案中,多肽由本文所描述的HPV表位组成。在一些实施方案中,多肽的长度不超过15、20、25、30、35或40个氨基酸。在一些实施方案中,组合物还包括佐剂。
在一些方面,本文提供如通过向受试者施用本文所描述的一种或更多种疫苗组合物来在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌症和/或癌前病变的方法。在一些这样的实施方案中,一种或更多种疫苗组合物包括一个或更多个表1中列出的HPV表位。疫苗组合物还可以包括佐剂。在某些优选的实施方案中,在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌症和/或癌前病变的方法包括向受试者施用包括一个或更多个表1中列出的表位的本文所描述的一种或更多种肽(例如,免疫刺激肽)。
在一些方面,本文提供如通过向受试者施用本文所描述的一种或更多种疫苗组合物来在受试者中治疗和/或预防HPV感染的方法。在一些这样的实施方案中,一种或更多种疫苗组合物包括一个或更多个表1中列出的HPV表位。疫苗组合物还可以包括佐剂。在一些实施方案中,在受试者中治疗和/或预防HPV感染的方法包括向受试者施用包括一个或更多个表1中列出的表位的本文所描述的一种或更多种肽(例如,免疫刺激肽)。
在一些方面,本文提供例如通过将包括CTL的样品(即,外周血单核细胞(PBMC)样品)与呈递本文所描述的HPV表位中的一个或更多个的抗原呈递细胞(APC)(例如,呈递包括I类MHC复合体上的本文所描述的HPV表位的肽的APC)孵育,来生成CTL、激活CTL和/或诱导CTL增殖的方法,所述CTL识别本文所描述的HPV表位中的一个或更多个。在一些实施方案中,APC对于从其获得CTL的受试者是自体的。在一些实施方案中,APC对于从其获得CTL受试者不是自体的。在一些实施方案中,APC是B细胞、抗原呈递T细胞、树突状细胞、或人工抗原呈递细胞(例如,aK562细胞)。在一些方面,抗原呈递细胞(例如,aK562细胞)表达CD80、CD83、41BB-L和/或CD86。
在一些方面,本文提供包括识别本文所描述的HPV表位中的一个或更多个的CTL(即,表达与包括I类MHC复合体上呈递的本文所描述的HPV表位的肽结合的T细胞受体(TCR)的CTL)的组合物(例如,预防性组合物和/或治疗性组合物),以及通过向受试者施用这样的组合物来治疗和/或预防HPV感染、和/或癌症、和/或癌前病变的方法。例如,在一些实施方案中,本文提供用于在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌症、癌前病变和/或HPV感染的方法,方法包括向受试者施用包括CTL的组合物,CTL识别本文所描述的HPV表位中的一个或更多个。在一些实施方案中,CTL对于受试者不是自体的。在一些实施方案中,T细胞对于受试者是自体的。在一些实施方案中,在CTL被施用至受试者之前,其被储存在细胞库中。在一些实施方案中,方法还包括使用本文所描述的方法生成CTL、激活CTL和/或诱导CTL的增殖。在一些方面,本文提供表达T细胞受体(TCR)的T细胞(例如,CTL),T细胞受体(TCR)与主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)上呈递的表1中列出的肽结合。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供呈递包括本文所描述的一个或更多个HPV表位的一种或更多种肽(包含多表位)的APC(例如,呈递I类MHC上的HPV表位中的一个或更多个的APC)。在某些方面,本文提供生成呈递本文所描述的HPV表位中的一个或更多个的APC的方法,方法包括使APC与包括本文所描述的HPV表位的肽和/或与编码本文所描述的HPV表位的核酸接触。在一些实施方案中,APC对于从其获得CTL的受试者不是自体的。在一些实施方案中,APC是B细胞、抗原呈递T细胞、树突状细胞、或人工抗原呈递细胞(例如,aK562细胞)。在一些方面,抗原呈递细胞(例如,aK562细胞)表达CD80、CD83、41BB-L、和/或CD86。在一些实施方案中,本文提供在受试者中治疗或预防癌症、癌前病变和/或HPV感染的方法,方法包括向受试者施用本文所描述的APC的步骤。
在某些方面,本文提供与本文所描述的HPV表位特异性结合的抗原结合分子(例如,抗体、抗体片段、TCR、嵌合抗原受体(CAR))。在一些实施方案中,抗原结合分子是抗体或抗体的抗原结合片段。在一些实施方案中,抗体是嵌合抗体、人源化抗体或全人源抗体。在一些实施方案中,抗体或抗体的抗原结合片段是全长免疫球蛋白分子、scFv、Fab片段、Fab’片段、F(ab’)2片段、Fv、骆驼Fv、二硫键连接的Fv或经设计的锚蛋白重复蛋白(DARPin)。在一些实施方案中,抗体以不大于约10-7M、10-8M或10-9M的解离常数与本文提供的表位结合。在一些实施方案中,抗原结合分子被缀合至药物(例如,作为抗体-药物缀合物的一部分)。在一些实施方案中,抗原结合分子被连接至细胞毒素剂(例如,MMAE、DM-1、美登木素、阿霉素衍生物、澳瑞他汀(auristatin)、卡开素(calcheamicin)、CC-1065、倍癌霉素(aduocarmycin)或蒽环类抗生素)。在一些实施方案中,抗原结合分子被连接至抗病毒剂(例如,更昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、膦甲酸、西多福韦(cidofovir)、阿昔洛韦、福米韦生(formivirsen)、马立巴韦(maribavir)、BAY 38-4766或GW275175X)。在一些实施方案中,本文提供在受试者中治疗癌症、癌前病变和/或HPV感染的方法,方法包括向受试者施用本文公开的抗原结合分子。
在一些方面,本文提供包括编码本文提供的肽中的一个或更多个的序列的核酸。在一些实施方案中,编码本文提供的肽中的一个或更多个的序列被可操作地连接至一个或更多个调控序列。在一些实施方案中,核酸是表达运载体。在一些实施方案中,核酸是腺病毒运载体。
在一些方面,本文提供药物组合物,药物组合物包括本文所描述的HPV肽、CTL、APC、核酸、和/或抗原结合分子以及药学上可接受的载体。在一些实施方案中,本文提供用于通过施用本文提供的药物组合物在受试者中治疗和/或预防HPV感染、和/或癌症、和/或癌前病变的方法。
在一些方面,本文提供鉴别适合于本文提供的治疗方法(例如,本文所描述的CTL、APC、多肽、组合物、抗体或核酸的施用)的受试者的方法,方法包括从受试者分离样品,并且检测样品(例如,血液样品或肿瘤样品)中本文提供的HPV表位或编码本文提供的HPV表位的核酸的存在。在一些实施方案中,通过使样品与本文提供的抗原结合分子接触来检测本文提供的HPV表位。在一些实施方案中,使用治疗方法治疗被鉴别为适合于本文提供的治疗方法的受试者。
附图的简要说明
图1示出HNC患者中对HPV16抗原的总体T细胞应答。
图2示出HNC患者中对HPV18抗原的总体T细胞应答。
图3是示出本文所描述的表位定位的过程的流程图。
图4示出用于鉴别HPV表位序列的代表性工作流程策略。
图5图示说明鉴别HPV18-E6 CD8+T细胞表位TVLELTEVFEFA的精细定位过程。
图6图示说明鉴别表位KQRFHNIRGRWTGRC的HPV16-E6库的精细CD4+T细胞表位定位过程。
图7A-D示出编码CD8+T细胞多表位、CD4+T细胞多表位和CD8IRESCD4多表位的HPV多表位蛋白构建体的示意图。T细胞表位序列中的每个(选自表1)以交替的粗体和带下划线的斜体文本示出。HPV CD4+T细胞多表位在氨基末端包含ER(内质网)信号序列,并且在羧基末端处包含溶酶体信号序列(B)。为了制造CD8+T细胞多表位构建体和CD4+T细胞多表位构建体,两个多表位序列被来源于脑心肌炎病毒的内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)序列隔开(C,经翻译的肽的氨基酸序列;以及D,编码CD8IRESCD4多表位多肽的核酸序列,其中CD8序列以粗体示出,IRES序列加有下划线,并且CD4序列以斜体示出)。编码CD8+T细胞多表位、CD4+T细胞多表位、以及CD8+T细胞多表位和CD4+T细胞表位的DNA序列获自Atum Bio的pJ201运载体。
图8示出将编码CD8+T细胞多表位、CD4+T细胞多表位和CD8IRESCD4 T细胞多表位的HPV多表位蛋白构建体克隆到Ad5F35运载体中的概要。使用图中指定的限制性位点将编码HPV CD8+T细胞多表位、HPV CD4+T细胞多表位或CD8IRESCD4 T细胞多表位的DNA序列克隆到pShuttle2运载体中,并且然后亚克隆到Ad5F35表达运载体中。通过用Ad5F35运载体感染HEK293细胞来制备表达HPV CD8+T细胞多表位、HPV CD4+T细胞多表位或CD8IRESCD4 T细胞多表位的重组Ad5F35病毒。通过重复的冻融循环从转染的HEK293细胞中收获重组腺病毒。
图9示出AdHPVCD8、AdHPVCD4和AdCD8IRESCD4多表位重组病毒母液的PCR验证。用编码HPV CD8+多表位、HPV CD4+多表位或CD8IRESCD4多表位的重组腺病毒感染HEK293细胞。分离基因组DNA,并且进行PCR。来自未感染的HEK293细胞或编码CD8+多表位、CD4+多表位或CD8IRESCD4多表位的腺病毒运载体的DNA分别用作阴性对照和阳性对照。
图10示出JuSt成纤维细胞呈递AdHPVCD8多表位的FACS图。在测定前24小时,用IFN-γ激活JuSt成纤维细胞,并且然后用AdHPVCD8poly重组病毒加以脉冲1小时。然后,洗涤细胞,孵育过夜,并且然后暴露于对于从不同HPV抗原(HPV16-E2、HPV18-E6、HPV16-E6)获得的各种HLA限制性(HLAA02:01和HLA A01:01)表位特异性的HPV特异性CD8+T细胞。FACS分析表明,在与加以AdHPVCD8poly或HPV pepmix(阳性对照)脉冲的JuSt成纤维细胞共培养后,HPV特异性CD8+T细胞表达IFN-γ。
图11示出来自HPV HNC患者的HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的扩增。用HPV AdCD8poly重组病毒刺激PBMC(5×106),并且在存在IL-2的情况下培养14天。通过测量响应于HPV特异性pepmix刺激的IFN-γ分泌来确定HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的频率。散布的柱状图和代表性FACS图示出表达IFN-γ的HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的百分比。
图12示出来自HPV HNC患者的HPV特异性CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞的扩增。用HPVAdCD4poly重组病毒刺激PBMC(5×106),并且在存在IL-2的情况下培养14天。在同一实验中,用HPV pepmix刺激PBMC作为比较对照。通过测量响应于HPV特异性pepmix刺激的IFNγ分泌来确定HPV特异性CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞的频率。
图13A-D示出来自HPV HNC患者的HPV特异性CD8+T细胞和CD4+T细胞的扩增。用HPVAdCD8IRESCD4poly重组病毒刺激来自HPV HNC患者的PBMC(5×106),并且在存在IL-2的情况下培养14天。作为比较对照,用HPV AdCD8poly和HPV AdCD4poly刺激的PBMC也包含在同一实验中。通过测量响应于HPV特异性pepmix刺激的IFN-γ分泌来确定HPV特异性CD4+T细胞(图片A和图片B)和CD8+T细胞(图片C和图片D)的频率。柱状图和代表性FACS图示出表达IFN-γ的HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的百分比。
发明的详细说明
概述
虽然先天性免疫应答在控制初始HPV感染中起重要作用,但长期保护取决于适应性免疫应答(包含体液免疫和细胞介导的免疫)。在具有免疫能力的个体中,大多数HPV感染在初始感染的2年内被清除。在自发性退行性病变中经常观察到CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞的浸润。
已经针对HPV相关性疾病的治疗测试了许多免疫治疗策略。虽然HPV预防性疫苗基于L1蛋白,但这种病毒抗原与HPV相关性疾病的治疗无关。该蛋白仅在HPV复制的晚期(尤其是在终末分化的角化细胞中)表达。相反,与HPV复制周期有关的其他蛋白质(即,E1、E2、E6、和E7)已经被鉴别为免疫治疗策略的重要靶标。这主要是由于全部这些蛋白质的表达在感染的多个阶段被保留的事实。虽然对免疫治疗策略的设计的许多重点都集中在E6抗原和E7抗原上,但重要的是认识到E1蛋白和E2蛋白与HPV DNA复制有关,并且因此这些蛋白的表达在整个感染的多个阶段被保留。这突显了这些蛋白质作为免疫疗法的潜在靶标的重要性,该免疫疗法旨在消除持续感染HPV的细胞,而不管其发病机制的阶段如何。事实上,使用动物模型(犬和兔)的先前研究已经表明,用编码密码子优化的E1基因或E2基因的DNA疫苗免疫造成乳头瘤的完全消退。通过诱导对E1抗原和E2抗原的有效T细胞应答来介导这些动物模型中的主要保护模式。在患有HPV诱导的宫颈病变(C1N1至C1N3)的人受试者中使用编码E2的经修饰的牛痘Ankara运载体进行的另外的临床研究表明宫颈病变的完全消除到从C1N3至C1N1的消退以及HPV病毒载量的显著降低。同样,E2特异性T细胞免疫的诱导与临床反应紧密相关。抗运载体抗体的开发造成对加强免疫的不良响应,并且一些患者在完成研究之后显示出病变的复发。此外,该疗法需要将运载体直接注射到子宫组织中才有效,因此限制了其在普通群体中的更广泛的使用。
已经对患有高度上皮内病变(其消退至清除的宫颈上皮内瘤形成病变,并且随后表现出降低的HPV病毒载量)的患者进行了回顾性临床研究。在这些患者中鉴别来自HPV E7蛋白的HLA II类限制性CD4+T细胞表位,并且其外周血单核细胞的免疫谱分析揭示了,HPVE7特异性T细胞显示出Th1偏倚(特征在于IFN-γ和TNF表达)。事实上,显示出干预后HPV驱动的病状消退而无疾病复发的患者中的离体分析揭示了,强烈的T细胞应答针对E6蛋白和E7蛋白。相反,来自被诊断患有复发性疾病的患者的T细胞未显示出这种抗原特异性特性。针对E6抗原和E7抗原的强有力的T细胞免疫的重构可以有助于赋予免于疾病复发的长期保护。
本文提供与HPV表位(例如,表1中列出的HPV表位)相关的组合物和方法,HPV表位由细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)识别并且在HPV感染、和/或癌症、和/或癌前病变的预防和/或治疗中是有用的。在某些方面,本文提供组合物(例如,预防性组合物和/或治疗性组合物(如疫苗组合物))以及通过向受试者施用这样的组合物来治疗和/或预防HPV感染、和/或癌症、和/或癌前病变的方法,组合物含有包括本文所描述的HPV表位(例如,表1中列出的HPV表位)中的一个或更多个的多肽、编码这样的多肽的核酸、识别这样的肽的CTL、呈递这样的肽的APC、和/或与这样的肽特异性结合的抗原结合分子。在一些实施方案中,本文还提供鉴别适合于根据本文提供的方法的治疗的受试者的方法。
定义
为了方便起见,此处收集了说明书、实施例和所附权利要求中采用的某些术语。
本文中使用冠词“一(a)”和“一(an)”指所述冠词的一个或多于一个(即,至少一个)语法对象。举例来说,“一要素”意指一个要素或多于一个要素。
如本文所使用的,术语“施用”意指向受试者提供药剂或药物组合物,并且包含(但不限于)由医疗技术人员施用和自我施用。这样的药剂可以含有例如本文所描述的肽、本文提供的抗原呈递细胞和/或本文提供的CTL。
术语“氨基酸”旨在包括包含氨基官能性和酸官能性两者并且能够被包含在天然存在的氨基酸的聚合物中的全部分子(无论是天然的还是合成的)。示例性氨基酸包含天然存在的氨基酸;其类似物、衍生物和同源物;具有变体侧链的氨基酸类似物;以及前述中任何一种的全部立体异构体。
如本文所使用的,术语“抗体”可以指完整抗体及完整抗体的抗原结合片段两者。完整抗体是糖蛋白,糖蛋白包含通过二硫键互相连接的至少两条重(H)链和两条轻(L)链。每条重链包含重链可变区(本文中缩写为VH)和重链恒定区。每条轻链包含轻链可变区(本文中缩写为VL)和轻链恒定区。VH区和VL区可以进一步再分成高变区(被称为互补决定区(CDR)),高变区散布有更保守的区(被称为骨架区(FR))。重链和轻链的可变区含有与抗原相互作用的结合域。抗体的恒定区可以介导免疫球蛋白与宿主组织或宿主因子的结合,宿主组织或宿主因子包含免疫系统的各种细胞(例如,效应细胞)和经典补体系统的第一组分(Clq)。术语“抗体”包含,例如,单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、人源抗体、多特异性抗体(例如,双特异性抗体)、单链抗体和抗原结合抗体片段。
如本文所使用的,术语抗体的“抗原结合片段”和“抗原结合部分”指保留与抗原结合的能力的抗体的一个或更多个片段。包括在术语抗体的“抗原结合片段”内的结合片段的实例包含Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fv、scFv、二硫键连接的Fv、Fd、双抗体、单链抗体、骆驼抗体、分离的CDRH3、经设计的锚蛋白重复蛋白(DARPin)、以及保留完整抗体的可变区的至少一部分的其他抗体片段。可以使用常规重组技术和/或酶促技术获得这些抗体片段,并且可以以与完整抗体相同的方式筛选抗原结合。
术语“结合”或“相互作用”指由于例如生理条件下的静电相互作用、疏水相互作用、离子相互作用和/或氢键相互作用而在两个分子之间(例如,肽与结合配偶体或药剂(例如,小分子)之间)的缔合(其可以是稳定缔合)。
术语“生物样品”、“组织样品”或简单地“样品”各自指从受试者的组织获得的细胞的集合。组织样品的来源可以是如来自新鲜、冷冻和/或保存的器官、组织样品、活组织检查、或抽出物的实体组织;血液或任何血液成分、血清、血液;体液,如脑脊液、羊膜水、腹膜液或间质液、尿液、唾液、粪便、泪液;或来自受试者的妊娠或发育的任何时间的细胞。
如本文所使用的,术语“癌症”包含(但不限于)实体肿瘤和血液传播肿瘤。术语癌症包含皮肤、组织、器官、骨骼、软骨、血液、和血管(包含宫颈、肛门、阴道、外阴、阴茎、舌根、喉、和扁桃体)的疾病。术语“癌症”还包含原发性癌症和转移性癌症。
术语“癌前病变”或“癌前病况”指与增加的癌症风险相关的非典型细胞和/或组织。术语“癌前病变”可以指例如发育不良、良性新生物或原位癌。
术语“表位”意为能够与抗体特异性结合的蛋白决定簇。表位通常由分子的化学活性表面基团(如氨基酸或糖侧链)组成。某些表位可以由T细胞受体或抗体能够结合的氨基酸的特定序列限定。
术语“分离的核酸”指天然来源或合成来源的多核苷酸或天然来源或合成来源的多核苷酸的一些组合,其(1)与自然界中发现“分离的核酸”的细胞无关,和/或(2)被可操作地连接至在自然界中不连接的多核苷酸。
术语“分离的多肽”指在某些实施方案中由重组DNA或RNA制备的多肽、或合成来源的多肽、或其的一些组合,其(1)与通常在自然界中发现的蛋白质无关,(2)从其通常存在的细胞中分离,(3)从相同的细胞来源中分离出而不含其他蛋白质,(4)由来自不同物种的细胞表达,或(5)在自然界中不存在。
如本文所使用的,短语“药学上可接受的”指在合理的医学判断范围内适合于与人类和动物的组织接触,而没有过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应、或其他问题或并发症,与合理的利益/风险比相称的那些药剂、化合物、材料、组合物、和/或剂量形式。
如本文所使用的,短语“药学上可接受的载体”意为药学上可接受的材料、组合物或运载体(vehicle)(如液体或固体填充剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、或溶剂包封材料),其涉及将药剂从器官、或身体的一部分携带或转运至另一器官、或身体的一部分。每种载体在与制剂的其他成分相容并且对患者无害的意义上必须是“可接受的”。可以用作药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例包含:(1)糖(如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖);(2)淀粉(如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉);(3)纤维素及其衍生物(如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素);(4)粉状黄芪胶;(5)麦芽;(6)明胶;(7)滑石;(8)赋形剂(如可可脂和栓剂蜡);(9)油类(如花生油、棉籽油、红花子油、麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油);(10)二醇类(如丙二醇);(11)多元醇(如甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和聚乙二醇);(12)酯类(如油酸乙酯和十二烷酸乙酯);(13)琼脂;(14)缓冲剂(如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝);(15)藻酸;(16)无热原水;(17)等渗盐水;(18)林格溶液;(19)乙醇;(20)pH缓冲溶液;(21)聚酯、聚碳酸酯和/或聚酸酐;以及(22)药物制剂中采用的其他无毒相容物质。
术语“多核苷酸”和“核酸”可互换地被使用。它们指任何长度的核苷酸的聚合体形式,脱氧核糖核苷酸、核糖核苷酸或其类似物。多核苷酸可以具有任何三维结构,并且可以执行任何功能。以下是多核苷酸的非限制性实例:基因或基因片段的编码或非编码区、由连锁分析确定的基因座(loci)(基因座(locus))、外显子、内含子、信使RNA(mRNA)、转移RNA、核糖体RNA、核糖酶、cDNA、重组多核苷酸、支化多核苷酸、质粒、运载体、任何序列的分离的DNA、任何序列的分离的RNA、核酸探针和引物。多核苷酸可以包括经修饰的核苷酸,如甲基化的核苷酸和核苷酸类似物。如果存在的话,对核苷酸结构的修饰可以在聚合物的组装之前或之后被赋予。多核苷酸可以被进一步修饰,如通过与标记组件偶联。在本文提供的全部核酸序列中,U核苷酸与T核苷酸是可互换的。
如本文所使用的,“预防”病况的治疗剂指化合物,当在紊乱或病况的发作之前被施用至统计样品时,相对于未经处理的对照样品,所述化合物降低经处理的样品中的紊乱或病况的发生,或相对于未经处理的对照样品,所述化合物延迟紊乱或病况的一种或更多种症状的发作或降低紊乱或病况的一种或更多种症状的严重性。
如本文所使用的,“特异性结合”指抗体与预定抗原结合的能力或者肽与其预定结合配偶体结合的能力。通常,抗体或肽以与约10-7M或更小的KD相应的亲和力与其预定抗原或结合配偶体特异性结合,并且以比其对于与非特异性和无关的抗原/结合配偶体(例如,BSA、酪蛋白)结合的亲和力小至少10倍、小至少100倍、或小至少1000倍的亲和力(如由KD表示的)与预定抗原/结合配偶体结合。
如本文所使用的,术语“受试者”意为被选择用于治疗或疗法的人类或非人类动物。
如本文所使用的,短语“治疗有效量”和“有效量”意为以适用于任何医学治疗的合理的利益/风险比在受试者中的至少一个细胞亚群中对于产生期望的预防效果和/或治疗效果有效的药剂的量。
在受试者中“治疗”疾病或“治疗”患有疾病的受试者指使受试者经受药物治疗(例如,药物的施用),使得疾病的至少一种症状被减轻或防止恶化。
术语“运载体”指工具(means),通过所述工具,核酸可以在生物体、细胞或细胞组分之间繁殖和/或转移。运载体包含质粒、病毒、噬菌体、前病毒、噬菌粒、转位子和人工染色体等,其可能或可能不能够自主复制或整合到宿主细胞的染色体中。
肽
本文提供包括HPV表位的肽,所述HPV表位由细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)识别,并且在HPV感染、和/或癌症(例如,表达本文提供的HPV表位的癌症)、和/或癌前病变的预防和/或治疗中是有用的。在某些实施方案中,HPV表位是表1中列出的表位。
表1:示例性HPV表位
在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽是全长HPV蛋白质。在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽包括HPV病毒蛋白的小于100、90、80、70、60、50、40、30、25、20、15或10个邻接的氨基酸。在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽包括表1中列出的HPV表位中的两个或更多个。例如,在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽包括通过多肽连接体连接的表1中列出的HPV表位中的两个或更多个。在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽包括表1中列出的表位中的2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽由表1中列出的表位组成。在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽基本上由表1中列出的表位组成。在一些实施方案中,除表1中列出的表位之外,本文提供的肽还包括不超过20、19、18、17、16、15、14、13、12、11、10、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2或1个氨基酸。
在一些实施方案中,除一个或更多个(例如,1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多个)保守序列修饰之外,肽的序列还包括HPV病毒蛋白序列。如本文所使用的,术语“保守序列修饰”旨在指不显著地影响或改变TCR与含有MHC上呈递的氨基酸序列的肽之间的相互作用的氨基酸修饰。这样的保守修饰包含氨基酸置换、添加(例如,向肽的N末端或C末端添加氨基酸)和缺失(例如,从肽的N末端或C末端缺失氨基酸)。保守氨基酸置换是其中氨基酸残基被具有相似侧链的氨基酸残基替代的氨基酸置换。本领域中已经定义了具有相似侧链的氨基酸残基家族。这些家族包含具有碱性侧链的氨基酸(例如,赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸)、具有酸性侧链的氨基酸(例如,天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸)、具有不带电荷的极性侧链的氨基酸(例如,甘氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、色氨酸)、具有非极性侧链的氨基酸(例如,丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸)、具有β-支化侧链的氨基酸(例如,苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸)和具有芳香族侧链的氨基酸(例如,酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸)。因此,本文所描述的肽的一个或更多个氨基酸残基可以被来自相同侧链家族的其他氨基酸残基替代,并且可以使用本领域已知的方法测试改变的肽的TCR结合的保留。可以通过本领域已知的标准技术(如定点诱变和PCR介导的诱变)将修饰引入抗体。
为了测定两个氨基酸序列或两个核酸序列的百分比一致性,序列被比对以用于最优比较目的(例如,可以在第一氨基酸序列和第二氨基酸序列中的一个或两个中或者在第一核酸序列和第二核酸序列中的一个或两个中引入空位以用于最优比对,并且可以忽略非一致序列以用于比较目的)。然后,比较相应氨基酸位置或核苷酸位置处的氨基酸残基或核苷酸。当第一序列中的位置被与第二序列中的相应位置相同的氨基酸残基或核苷酸占据时,则分子在该位置处是一致的。考虑到空位的数量和每个空位的长度(其需要被引入以用于两个序列的最优比对),两个序列之间的百分比一致性是序列共有的一致位置的数量的函数。
本文还提供嵌合蛋白或融合蛋白。如本文所使用的,“嵌合蛋白”或“融合蛋白”包括连接至不同的肽(本文提供的一种或多种肽在自然界中不连接至所述不同的肽)的本文提供的一种或多种肽(例如,包括表1中列出的表位的肽)。例如,不同的肽可以通过肽键直接地融合至肽的N-末端或C-末端或通过化学连接体间接地融合至肽的N-末端或C-末端。在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽连接至包括其他HPV表位的多肽。在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽连接至包括来自其他病毒和/或感染性疾病的表位的肽。在一些实施方案中,本文提供的肽连接至编码癌症相关性表位的肽。
可以通过标准重组DNA技术产生本文提供的嵌合肽或融合肽。例如,根据常规技术,例如,通过采用平端末端或交错端末端以用于连接、限制酶消化以提供适当的末端、酌情补平粘性端、碱性磷酸酶处理以避免不期望的连接、以及酶促连接,将编码不同肽序列的DNA片段在框内连接在一起。在另一个实施方案中,可以通过常规技术(包含自动DNA合成仪)合成融合基因。可替代地,可以使用锚定引物进行基因片段的PCR扩增,所述锚定引物在两个连续基因片段之间产生互补突出端,其随后可以退火并且再扩增以生成嵌合基因序列(参见,例如,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,Ausubel et al.,eds.,JohnWiley&Sons:1992)。此外,许多表达运载体是商业可获得的,所述表达运载体已经编码融合部分。
在一些方面,本文提供呈递本文所描述的肽(例如,包括表1中列出的表位的肽)的细胞。在一些实施方案中,细胞是哺乳动物细胞。在一些实施方案中,细胞是抗原呈递细胞(APC)(例如,抗原呈递T细胞、树突状细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞或人工抗原呈递细胞(如aK562细胞))。可以通过本领域已知的标准技术产生本文中所描述的呈递肽的细胞。例如,细胞可以被施以脉冲以促进肽摄取。在一些实施方案中,用编码本文提供的肽的核酸转染细胞。在一些方面,本文提供产生抗原呈递细胞(APC)的方法,方法包括用本文所描述的肽对细胞施以脉冲。产生抗原呈递细胞的示例性实例可以在WO2013088114(其特此被整体并入本文)中找到。
本文提供的肽可以使用标准蛋白质纯化技术通过适当的纯化方案从细胞来源或组织来源分离,并且可以通过重组DNA技术产生,和/或可以使用标准肽合成技术以化学方法合成。可以通过编码本发明的一种或多种肽的核苷酸的表达,在原核宿主细胞或真核宿主细胞中产生本文所描述的肽。可替代地,可以通过化学方法合成这样的肽。用于在重组宿主中表达异源肽的方法、肽的化学合成的方法和体外翻译的方法是本领域公知的,并且被进一步在Maniatis et al.,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual(1989),2nd Ed.,Cold Spring Harbor,N.Y.;Berger and Kimmel,Methods in Enzymology,Volume 152,Guide to Molecular Cloning Techniques(1987),Academic Press,Inc.,San Diego,Calif.;Merrifield,J.(1969)J.Am.Chem.Soc.91:501;Chaiken I.M.(1981)CRCCrit.Rev.Biochem.11:255;Kaiser et al.(1989)Science 243:187;Merrifield,B.(1986)Science 232:342;Kent,S.B.H.(1988)Annu.Rev.Biochem.57:957;以及Offord,R.E.(1980)Semisynthetic Proteins,Wiley Publishing(通过引用被并入本文)中描述。
核酸分子
本文提供编码本文所描述的肽的核酸分子。在一些方面,本文提供通过向受试者施用本文公开的核酸来治疗癌症、癌前病变、或HPV的方法。核酸可以存在于例如全细胞中、细胞裂解物中、或部分纯化的或基本上纯的形式中。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供含有本文所描述的核酸分子的运载体(例如,病毒运载体,如基于腺病毒的表达运载体)。如本文所使用的,术语“运载体”指能够转运已经与其连接的另一核酸的核酸分子。一种类型的运载体是“质粒”,其指环状双链DNA环,附加的DNA区段可以连接至所述环状双链DNA环中。另一种类型的运载体是病毒运载体,其中附加的DNA区段可以连接至病毒基因组中。某些运载体能够在其被引入的宿主细胞中自主复制(例如,具有细菌复制起点的细菌运载体、游离型哺乳动物运载体)。其他运载体(例如,非游离型哺乳动物运载体)在被引入宿主细胞时可以被整合到宿主细胞的基因组中,并且从而与宿主基因组一起被复制。此外,某些运载体能够指导基因的表达。这样的运载体在本文中被称为“重组表达运载体”(或简单地“表达运载体”)。在一些实施方案中,本文提供被可操作地连接至表达运载体中的一个或更多个调控序列(例如,启动子)的核酸。在一些实施方案中,细胞转录本文提供的核酸,并且从而表达本文所描述的抗体、抗体的抗原结合片段或肽。核酸分子可以被整合到细胞的基因组中,或其可以在染色体外。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供的核酸是疫苗的一部分。在一些实施方案中,本文提供的核酸运载体、重组腺病毒或多表位是疫苗的一部分。在一些实施方案中,疫苗在运载体中递送至受试者,所述运载体包含(但不限于)细菌运载体和/或病毒运载体。细菌运载体的实例包含(但不限于)牛分支杆菌(BCG)、鼠伤寒沙门菌亚种、伤寒沙门菌亚种、梭菌属孢子、大肠杆菌Nissle 1917、大肠杆菌K-12/LLO、产单核细胞李斯特菌、以及弗氏志贺菌。病毒运载体的实例包含(但不限于)牛痘、腺病毒、RNA病毒(复制子)、以及复制缺陷型如禽痘、鸟痘、金丝雀痘、MVA和腺病毒。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供含有本文所描述的核酸(例如,编码本文所描述的抗体、抗体的抗原结合片段或肽的核酸)的细胞。细胞可以是,例如,原核的、真核的、哺乳动物的、禽的、鼠的和/或人的。在一些实施方案中,细胞是哺乳动物细胞。在一些实施方案中,细胞是APC(例如,抗原呈递T细胞、树突状细胞、B细胞、或aK562细胞)。在本发明的方法中,本文所描述的核酸可以例如以核酸无需递送运载体(vehicle)被施用至细胞、与递送试剂组合被施用至细胞。在一些实施方案中,本领域已知的任何核酸递送方法可以被用于本文所描述的方法中。合适的递送试剂包含(但不限于)例如,Mirus Transit TKO亲脂性试剂;转化脂(lipofectin);阳离子脂质体(lipofectamine);细胞转染剂(cellfectin);聚阳离子(例如,聚赖氨酸)、缺端胶原、纳米颗粒系统(nanoplexe)和脂质体。在本文所描述的方法的一些实施方案中,脂质体被用于将核酸递送至细胞或受试者。适合于在本文所描述的方法中使用的脂质体可以由标准囊泡形成脂类形成,所述标准囊泡形成脂类通常包含中性的或带负电的磷脂和甾醇(如胆甾醇)。通常由考虑因素(如期望的脂质体尺寸和脂质体在血流中的半衰期)来指导脂类的选择。已知用于制备脂质体的各种各样的方法,例如,如Szokaet al.(1980),Ann.Rev.Biophys.Bioeng.9:467;和美国专利号4,235,871、4,501,728、4,837,028和5,019,369中所描述的,其全部公开内容通过引用被并入本文。
抗体
在一些方面,本文提供的组合物和方法涉及与HPV感染的细胞或癌症细胞的质膜上表达的蛋白质(例如,包括表1中列出的表位的蛋白质)、或癌前病变特异性结合的抗体和所述抗体的抗原结合片段。在一些实施方案中,抗体与本文提供的肽中的一个的特定表位结合。在一些实施方案中,抗体与包括表1中具有氨基酸序列的表位的HPV蛋白结合,其中HPV蛋白不是全长HPV蛋白。在一些实施方案中,表位是细胞外表位。在一些实施方案中,表位是表1中列出的表位。在一些实施方案中,HPV表位来自HPV E1、HPV E2、HPV E4、HPV E5、HPV E6、和/或HPV E7。在一些实施方案中,HPV是16型或18型。在一些实施方案中,抗体可以是多克隆的或单克隆的,并且可以是,例如,鼠科的、嵌合的、人源化的或完全人源的。在一些实施方案中,抗体是全长免疫球蛋白分子、scFv、Fab片段、Fab’片段、F(ab’)2片段、Fv、骆驼抗体、二硫键连接的Fv、或经设计的锚蛋白重复蛋白(DARPin)。
可以通过用肽免疫原(例如,表1中列出的氨基酸序列)免疫适合的受试者(例如,小鼠)来制备多克隆抗体。在一些实施方案中,肽免疫原包括本文提供的靶蛋白的细胞外表位。可以通过标准技术(如使用固定化肽用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA))随时间监控经免疫的受试者中的肽抗体滴度。如果期望,可以从哺乳动物中(例如,从血液中)分离针对抗原的抗体,并且通过公知的技术(如蛋白A层析)进一步纯化以获得IgG级分。
在免疫之后的适当时间(例如,当抗体滴度最高时),可以从受试者获得抗体产生细胞,并且用于使用标准技术(如最初由Kohler and Milstein(1975)Nature 256:495-497描述的杂交瘤技术(另参见Brown et al.(1981)J.Immunol.127:539-46;Brown et al.(1980)J.Biol.Chem.255:4980-83;Yeh et al.(1976)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.76:2927-31;以及Yeh et al.(1982)Int.J.Cancer 29:269-75)、人B细胞杂交瘤技术(Kozbor et al.(1983)Immunol.Today 4:72)、EBV杂交瘤技术(Cole et al.(1985)MonoclonalAntibodies and Cancer Therapy,Alan R.Liss,Inc.,pp.77-96)或三体杂交瘤(trioma)技术)制备单克隆抗体。用于产生单克隆抗体杂交瘤的技术是公知的(通常参见Kenneth,R.H.in Monoclonal Antibodies:A New Dimension In Biological Analyses,PlenumPublishing Corp.,New York,New York(1980);Lerner,E.A.(1981)Yale J.Biol.Med.54:387-402;Gefter,M.L.et al.(1977)Somatic Cell Genet.3:231-36)。简而言之,将永生细胞系(典型地是骨髓瘤)与来自如上所述用免疫原免疫的哺乳动物的淋巴细胞(典型地是脾细胞)融合,并且筛选所得到的杂交瘤细胞的培养物上清液,以鉴别产生与肽抗原结合(优选特异性地)的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤。
作为制备分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤的供替代的选择,可以通过用适当的肽(例如包括表1的表位的肽)筛选重组组合免疫球蛋白信息库来获得与本文所描述的靶蛋白结合的单克隆抗体,以从而分离结合肽的免疫球蛋白信息成员。
此外,可以使用标准重组DNA技术制造对于本文提供的靶蛋白和/或本文提供的靶蛋白的细胞外表位特异性的重组抗体(如嵌合单克隆抗体或人源化单克隆抗体)。这样的嵌合单克隆抗体和人源化单克隆抗体可以通过本领域已知的重组DNA技术产生,例如使用描述于下列中的方法:美国专利号4,816,567;美国专利号5,565,332;Better et al.(1988)Science 240:1041-1043;Liu et al.(1987)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 84:3439-3443;Liuet al.(1987)J.Immunol.139:3521-3526;Sun et al.(1987)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.84:214-218;Nishimura et al.(1987)Cancer Res.47:999-1005;Wood et al.(1985)Nature314:446-449;以及Shaw et al.(1988)J.Natl.Cancer Inst.80:1553-1559);Morrison,S.L.(1985)Science 229:1202-1207;Oi et al.(1986)Biotechniques 4:214;Winter美国专利5,225,539;Jones et al.(1986)Nature 321:552-525;Verhoeyan et al.(1988)Science 239:1534;以及Beidler et al.(1988)J.Immunol.141:4053-4060。
可以使用携带人免疫系统的部分而不是小鼠系统的部分的转基因小鼠或转染色体小鼠生成对于本文提供的靶蛋白和/或本文提供的细胞外表位特异性的人单克隆抗体。例如,“HuMAb小鼠”含有编码未经重排的人重(μ和γ)链免疫球蛋白序列和κ轻链免疫球蛋白序列的人免疫球蛋白基因微型基因座(miniloci),和使内源μ链基因座和κ链基因座失活的靶向突变(Lonberg,N.et al.(1994)Nature 368(6474):856 859)。因此,小鼠表现出小鼠IgM或κ的降低的表达,并且响应于免疫,引入的人重链转基因和轻链转基因经历类别转换和体细胞突变以生成高亲和力人IgGκ单克隆抗体(Lonberg,N.et al.(1994),如上;Lonberg,N.(1994)Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 113:49 101中综述的;Lonberg,N.and Huszar,D.(1995)Intern.Rev.Immunol.Vol.13:65 93,以及Harding,F.and Lonberg,N.(1995)Ann.N.Y Acad.Sci 764:536 546)。HuMAb小鼠的制备描述于下列中:Taylor,L.et al.(1992)Nucleic Acids Research 20:6287 6295;Chen,J.et al.(1993)International Immunology 5:647 656;Tuaillon et al.(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 90:3720 3724;Choi et al.(1993)Nature Genetics 4:117123;Chen,J.et al.(1993)EMBO J.12:821 830;Tuaillon et al.(1994)J.Immunol.152:2912 2920;Lonberg et al.,(1994)Nature 368(6474):856 859;Lonberg,N.(1994)Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 113:49 101;Taylor,L.et al.(1994)International Immunology 6:579 591;Lonberg,N.and Huszar,D.(1995)Intern.Rev.Immunol.Vol.13:6593;Harding,F.and Lonberg,N.(1995)Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci764:536 546;Fishwild,D.et al.(1996)Nature Biotechnology 14:845 851。另外参见美国专利号:5,545,806;5,569,825;5,625,126;5,633,425;5,789,650;5,877,397;5,661,016;5,814,318;5,874,299;5,770,429;和5,545,807。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供的抗体能够以不大于10-6M、10-7M、10-8M或10-9M的解离常数与表1中列出的表位结合。评价抗体的结合能力的标准测定是本领域已知的,其包含例如,ELISA、免疫印迹和RIA。也可以通过本领域已知的标准测定(如通过Biacore分析)评估抗体的结合动力学(例如,结合亲和力)。
在一些实施方案中,抗体是抗体-药物缀合物的一部分。抗体-药物缀合物是治疗分子,所述治疗分子包括连接至生物活性剂(如细胞毒素剂或抗病毒剂)的抗体(例如,与表1中列出的蛋白质结合的抗体)。在一些实施方案中,生物活性剂经由化学连接体被连接至抗体。这样的连接体可以基于任何稳定的化学基序,所述化学基序包含二硫化物、腙、肽或硫醚。在一些实施方案中,连接体是可裂解的连接体,并且在抗体与质膜靶蛋白结合时,生物活性剂从抗体释放。在一些实施方案中,连接体是不可裂解的连接体。
在一些实施方案中,抗体-药物缀合物包括连接至细胞毒素剂连接的抗体。在一些实施方案中,可以使用能够杀死HPV感染的细胞的任何细胞毒素剂。在一些实施方案中,细胞毒素剂是MMAE、DM-1、美登木素、阿霉素衍生物、澳瑞他汀、卡开素、CC-1065、倍癌霉素或蒽环类抗生素。
在一些实施方案中,抗体-药物缀合物包括连接至抗病毒剂的抗体。在一些实施方案中,使用能够抑制HPV复制的任何抗病毒剂。在一些实施方案中,抗病毒剂是更昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、膦甲酸、西多福韦、阿昔洛韦、福米韦生、马立巴韦、BAY 38-4766或GW275175。在一些实施方案中,本文提供由本文所描述的抗体或抗体-药物缀合物构成的疫苗。
细胞
在一些方面,本文提供在其表面上表达MHC的抗原呈递细胞(APC),抗原呈递细胞(APC)呈递包括本文所描述的HPV表位的一种或更多种肽(例如,呈递表1中列出的HPV表位中的一种或更多种的APC)。在一些实施方案中,MHC是I类MHC。在一些实施方案中,MHC是II类MHC。在一些实施方案中,I类MHC具有α链多肽,α链多肽是HLA-A、HLA-B、HLA-C、HLA-E、HLA-F、HLA-g、HLA-K或HLA-L。在一些实施方案中,II类MHC具有α链多肽,α链多肽是HLA-DMA、HLA-DOA、HLA-DPA、HLA-DQA或HLA-DRA。在一些实施方案中,II类MHC具有β链多肽,β链多肽是HLA-DMB、HLA-DOB、HLA-DPB、HLA-DQB或HLA-DRB。
在一些实施方案中,APC是B细胞、抗原呈递T细胞、树突状细胞、或人工抗原呈递细胞(例如,aK562细胞)。可以通过从患者样品中取出PBMC并且将其粘附至塑料来制备用于在过程中使用的树突状细胞。通常,单核细胞群体粘着,并且全部其他细胞可以被清洗掉。然后用IL-4和GM-CSF分化粘附的群体以产生单核细胞来源的树突状细胞。这些细胞可以通过添加IL-1β、IL-6、PGE-1和TNF-α(其上调树突状细胞的表面上的重要的共刺激分子)来成熟化,并且然后用本文提供的肽中的一种或更多种转导。
在一些实施方案中,APC是人工抗原呈递细胞(如aK562细胞)。在一些实施方案中,将人工抗原呈递细胞工程化以表达CD80、CD83、41BB-L和/或CD86。示例性人工抗原呈递细胞(包含aK562细胞)描述于美国专利公布号2003/0147869中,其特此通过引用并入。
在某些方面,本文提供生成呈递本文所描述的HPV表位中的一个或更多个的APC的方法,方法包括使APC与本文所描述的包括HPV表位的肽和/或与本文所描述的编码HPV表位的核酸接触的操作。在一些实施方案中,APC被照射。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供T细胞(例如,CD4 T细胞和/或CD8 T细胞),所述T细胞(例如,CD4 T细胞和/或CD8 T细胞)表达识别MHC上呈递的本文所描述的肽(包括表1中列出的HPV表位的肽)的TCR(例如,αβTCR或γδTCR)。在一些实施方案中,T细胞是CD8 T细胞(CTL),所述CD8 T细胞(例如,CTL)表达识别I类MHC上呈递的本文所描述的肽的TCR。在一些实施方案中,T细胞是CD4 T细胞(辅助性T细胞),所述CD4 T细胞(例如,辅助性T细胞)识别II类MHC上呈递的本文所描述的肽。
在一些方面中,本文提供生成T细胞(例如,CTL)、激活T细胞(例如,CTL)和/或诱导T细胞(例如,CTL)的增殖的方法,所述T细胞(例如,CTL)识别本文所描述的HPV表位中的一种或更多种。在一些实施方案中,将包括CTL的样品(即,PBMC样品)在培养基中与本文提供的APC(例如,呈递I类MHC复合物上的本文所描述的包括HPV表位的肽的APC)孵育。在一些实施方案中,APC对于从其获得T细胞的受试者是自体的。在一些实施方案中,将含有T细胞的样品与本文提供的APC孵育2次或更多次。在一些实施方案中,在存在至少一种细胞因子的情况下将T细胞与APC孵育。在一些实施方案中,细胞因子是IL-4、IL-7和/或IL-15。例如,美国专利公布号2015/0017723(其特此通过引用被并入)中提供用于使用APC诱导T细胞增殖的示例性方法。
在一些方面,本文提供包括本文提供的T细胞和/或APC的组合物(例如,预防性组合物和/或治疗性组合物)。在一些实施方案中,这样的组合物用于通过向受试者施用有效量的组合物来在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌症、和/或癌前病变和/或HPV感染。在一些实施方案中,T细胞和/或APC对于受试者不是自体的。在一些实施方案中,T细胞和/或APC对于受试者是自体的。在一些实施方案中,在向受试者施用T细胞和/或APC之前,将T细胞和/或APC存储在细胞库中。
药物组合物
在一些方面,本文提供组合物(例如,药物组合物(如疫苗组合物)),以及使用这样的药物组合物治疗癌症、癌前病变、或HPV感染的方法,组合物含有与药学上可接受的载体一起配制的本文所描述的肽(例如,包括来自表1的表位)、核酸、抗体、CTL、或APC。在一些实施方案中,组合物包含本文提供的多种(例如,两种或更多种)药剂的组合。
在一些实施方案中,药物组合物还包括佐剂。如本文所使用的,术语“佐剂”大体上指影响患者或受试者中的免疫应答或生理应答的剂。例如,佐剂可以随时间增加抗原的存在或对于感兴趣的区(像肿瘤),帮助吸收抗原呈递细胞抗原,激活巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞,并且支持细胞因子的产生。通过改变免疫应答,佐剂可以容许较小剂量的免疫相互作用剂以增加特定剂量的免疫相互作用剂的有效性或安全性。例如,佐剂可以防止T细胞耗尽,并且因此增加特定免疫相互作用剂的有效性或安全性。佐剂的实例包含(但不限于)免疫调节蛋白、佐剂65、α-GalCer、磷酸铝、氢氧化铝、磷酸钙、β-葡聚糖肽、CpG DNA、GPI-0100、脂质A、脂多糖、利波夫(Lipovant)、Montanide、N-乙酰基-胞壁酰-L-丙氨酰基-D-异谷氨酰胺、Pam3CSK4、quil A和海藻糖二霉菌酸酯。
制备这些制剂或组合物的方法包含使本文所描述的剂与载体和可选地一种或更多种助剂缔合的步骤。通常,通过将本文所描述的剂与液体载体、或精细粉碎的固体载体、或两者均匀地且密切地缔合,并且然后使产品成型(如果必要的话)而制备制剂。
适合于非肠道施用的本发明的药物组合物包括一种或更多种本文所描述的药剂与一种或更多种药学上可接受的无菌等渗水性溶液或非水性溶液、分散液、混悬液或乳剂、或无菌粉剂(所述无菌粉剂可以在使用之前重构成无菌可注射溶液或分散液)的组合,其可以含有糖类、醇类、抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂、使得制剂与预期受者的血液等渗的溶质、或助悬剂或增稠剂。
可以在本发明的药物组合物中采用的适合的水性载体和非水性载体的实例包含水、乙醇、多元醇(如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等)及其适合的混合物、植物油(如橄榄油)和可注射的有机酯(如油酸乙酯)。例如,通过使用包衣材料(如卵磷脂)、通过保持就分散体而言所需要的颗粒尺寸,以及通过使用表面活性剂,可以保持适当的流动性。
不考虑选择的施用途径,通过本领域技术人员已知的常规方法将本发明的药剂(其可以在适合的水合形式中使用)和/或本发明的药物组合物配制成药学上可接受的剂型。
治疗方法
新的治疗方法利用我们对免疫系统可以如何消除被病毒感染的细胞(主要由细胞毒性T细胞(也称为“杀伤性”T细胞)完成)的了解。这些新的疗法涉及抗癌疫苗和基于病灶内免疫系统的疗法的使用,其想法是激活T细胞,以便随后T细胞可以定位并杀死被HPV感染的细胞。
在某些实施方案中,本文提供在受试者中治疗HPV感染、和/或癌症、和/或癌前病变的方法,方法包括向受试者施用本文提供的药物组合物。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供在受试者中治疗HPV感染的方法。在一些实施方案中,被治疗的受试者是免疫系统受损的。例如,在一些实施方案中,受试者患有T细胞缺陷。在一些实施方案中,受试者患有白血病、淋巴瘤或多发性骨髓瘤。在一些实施方案中,受试者感染有HIV和/或患有AIDS。在一些实施方案中,受试者已经经历组织、器官和/或骨髓移植。在一些实施方案中,受试者正在被施用免疫抑制药物。在一些实施方案中,受试者已经经历和/或正在经历化学疗法。在一些实施方案中,受试者已经经历和/或正在经历放射疗法。
在一些实施方案中,受试者还被施用抑制HPV复制的抗病毒药。例如,在一些实施方案中,受试者被施用普达非洛、咪喹莫特、赛儿茶素、鬼臼树脂、三氯乙酸、或二氯乙酸。在一些实施方案中,还用以物理方式影响HPV感染的病变和/或HPV相关性肿瘤的干预治疗受试者。例如,在一些实施方案中,用手术切除、化学消融、冷冻疗法、或烧灼来治疗病变。
在一些实施方案中,受试者患有癌症或癌前病变。在一些实施方案中,本文描述的方法可以被用于治疗任何癌性肿瘤或癌前期肿瘤。在一些实施方案中,癌症和/或癌前病变表达本文提供的HPV表位(例如,表1中列出的HPV表位)中的一个或更多个。在一些实施方案中,癌前病变包含异常细胞变化和/或癌前细胞变化。可以通过本文提供的方法和组合物治疗的癌前病变包含(但不限于)宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)、鳞状上皮内病变(SIL)、或宫颈上的疣。在一些实施方案中,癌症包含实体瘤。可以通过本文提供的方法和组合物治疗的癌症包含(但不限于)来自宫颈、肛门、阴道、外阴、阴茎、舌根、喉、扁桃体、膀胱、血液、骨骼、骨髓、脑、乳腺、结肠、食管、胃肠、牙龈、头部、肾脏、肝脏、肺、鼻咽、颈部、卵巢、前列腺、皮肤、非黑素瘤皮肤癌(NMSC)、皮肤鳞状细胞癌(SCC)、胃、睾丸、舌或子宫的癌细胞。此外,癌症可以具体地是以下组织学类型,但不限于这些:恶性新生物;癌;未分化的癌;巨型梭形细胞癌;小细胞癌;乳头状癌;鳞状细胞癌;淋巴上皮癌;基底细胞癌;毛母质癌;移形细胞癌;乳头状移形细胞癌;腺癌;恶性胃泌素瘤;胆管癌;肝细胞癌;肝细胞癌合并胆管癌;小梁状腺癌;腺样囊性癌;腺瘤性息肉内腺癌;腺癌,家族性结肠息肉病;实体癌;恶性类癌瘤;细支气管肺泡腺癌;乳头状腺癌;嫌色细胞癌;嗜酸细胞癌;嗜酸性腺癌;嗜碱细胞癌;透明细胞腺癌;颗粒细胞型癌;滤泡性腺癌;乳头状和滤泡性腺癌;非包裹性硬化型癌(nonencapsulatingsclerosing carcinoma);肾上腺皮质癌;子宫内膜样癌;皮肤附属器癌;大汗腺腺癌;皮脂腺癌;盯聍腺腺癌;粘液表皮样癌;囊腺癌;乳头状囊腺癌;乳头状浆液性囊腺癌;粘液性囊腺癌;粘液性腺癌;印戒细胞癌;浸润性导管癌;髓样癌;小叶癌;炎性癌;乳腺派杰氏病;腺泡细胞癌;腺鳞状癌;腺癌伴鳞状上皮化生;恶性胸腺瘤;恶性卵巢间质肿瘤;恶性泡膜细胞瘤;恶性粒层细胞肿瘤;以及恶性成神经细胞瘤(malignant roblastoma);塞托利细胞癌;恶性莱迪希细胞肿瘤;恶性脂质细胞肿瘤;恶性副神经节瘤;恶性乳腺外副神经节瘤;嗜铬细胞瘤;血管球肉瘤;恶性黑素瘤;无黑素性黑素瘤;浅表扩张性黑素瘤;巨大色素痣内恶性黑素瘤;上皮样细胞黑素瘤;恶性蓝痣;肉瘤;纤维肉瘤;恶性皮肤纤维瘤;粘液肉瘤;脂肉瘤;平滑肌肉瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤;腺泡性横纹肌肉瘤;间质肉瘤;恶性混合瘤;苗勒混合肿瘤(mullerian mixed tumor);肾母细胞瘤;肝胚细胞瘤;癌肉瘤;恶性间充质瘤;恶性卵巢纤维上皮瘤;恶性叶状肿瘤;滑膜肉瘤;恶性间皮瘤;无性细胞瘤;胚胎性癌;恶性畸胎瘤;恶性甲状腺肿样卵巢瘤;绒毛膜癌;恶性中肾瘤;血管肉瘤;恶性血管内皮细胞瘤;卡波西肉瘤;恶性血管外皮细胞瘤;淋巴管肉瘤;骨肉瘤;皮质旁骨肉瘤;软骨肉瘤;恶性成软骨细胞瘤;间充质型软骨肉瘤;骨巨细胞瘤;尤因肉瘤;恶性牙源性肿瘤;成釉细胞牙肉瘤;恶性成釉细胞瘤;成釉细胞纤维肉瘤;恶性松果体瘤;脊索瘤;恶性神经胶质瘤;室管膜瘤;星形细胞瘤;原浆性星形细胞瘤;纤维性星形细胞瘤;成星形细胞瘤;成胶质细胞瘤;少突神经胶质瘤;成少突神经胶质细胞瘤;原始神经外胚层;小脑肉瘤;成神经节细胞瘤;成神经细胞瘤;成视网膜细胞瘤;嗅神经源性肿瘤;恶性脑脊膜瘤;神经纤维肉瘤;恶性神经鞘瘤;恶性颗粒细胞肿瘤;恶性淋巴瘤;霍奇金病;霍奇金淋巴瘤;类肉芽肿;小淋巴细胞恶性淋巴瘤;弥散性大细胞恶性淋巴瘤;滤泡性恶性淋巴瘤;蕈样肉芽肿病;其他规定的非霍奇金淋巴瘤;恶性组织细胞增多症;多发性骨髓瘤;肥大细胞肉瘤;免疫增生性小肠疾病;白血病;淋巴细胞白血病;血浆细胞白血病;红白血病;淋巴肉瘤细胞白血病;髓细胞白血病;嗜碱细胞白血病;嗜酸细胞白血病;单核细胞白血病;肥大细胞白血病;巨核细胞白血病;髓系肉瘤;以及毛细胞白血病。
在一些实施方案中,受试者还被施用抗癌化合物。示例性抗癌化合物包含(但不限于)阿仑单抗(Alemtuzumab)阿利维A酸阿那曲唑贝伐单抗贝沙罗汀硼替佐米(Bortezomib)博苏替尼(Bosutinib)本妥昔单抗(Brentuximab vedotin)卡博替尼(Cabozantinib)(CometriqTM)、卡非佐米(Carfilzomib)(KyprolisTM)、西妥昔单抗克唑替尼(Crizotinib)达沙替尼地尼白介素(Denileukin diftitox)盐酸厄洛替尼(Erlotinib hydrochloride)依维莫司依西美坦氟维司群(Fulvestrant)吉非替尼替伊莫单抗(Ibritumomab tiuxetan)甲磺酸伊马替尼(Imatinib mesylate)伊匹单抗(Ipilimumab)(YervoyTM)、二甲苯磺酸拉帕替尼(Lapatinib ditosylate)来曲唑尼洛替尼奥法木单抗帕尼单抗盐酸帕唑帕尼(Pazopanibhydrochloride)培妥珠单抗(Pertuzumab)(PerjetaTM)、普拉曲沙瑞戈非尼(Regorafenib)利妥昔单抗罗米地辛(Romidepsin)对甲苯磺酸索拉非尼(Sorafenib tosylate)苹果酸舒尼替尼(Sunitinib malate)他莫昔芬、坦罗莫司(Temsirolimus)托瑞米芬托西莫单抗(Tositumomab)和131I-托西莫单抗曲妥单抗(Trastuzumab)维A酸凡德他尼维莫非尼(Vemurafenib)伏林司他以及阿柏西普(Ziv-aflibercept)
在一些实施方案中,受试者还被施用化学治疗剂。这样的化学治疗剂的实例包含(但不限于)烷化剂,如塞替派和环磷酰胺;烷基磺酸盐,如白消安、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)和哌泊舒凡;氮丙啶类,如苯并多巴(benzodopa)、卡波醌(carboquone)、美妥替哌(meturedopa)和乌瑞替哌(uredopa);乙撑亚胺类(ethylenimines)和甲基氨基吖啶类(methylamelamines),包含六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、曲他胺、三亚乙基磷酰胺(triethylenephosphoramide)、三亚乙基硫代磷酰胺(triethiylenethiophosphoramide)和三羟甲密胺(trimethylolomelamine);多聚乙酰类(acetogenins)(尤其是布拉它辛(bullatacin)和布拉它辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱(包含合成类似物托泊替康(topotecan));苔藓抑素;多烯酮类化合物(callystatin);CC-1065(包含其阿多来新(adozelesin)、卡折来新(carzelesin)和比折来新(bizelesin)合成类似物);隐藻素(cryptophycin)(特别是隐藻素1和隐藻素8);多拉司他汀;倍癌霉素(duocarmycin)(包含合成类似物、KW-2189和CB1-TM1);艾榴素(eleutherobin);水鬼蕉亭(pancratistatin);匍枝珊瑚醇(sarcodictyin);海绵抑制素(spongistatin);氮芥类(nitrogen mustards),如苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、胆磷酰胺(cholophosphamide)、雌氮芥、异环磷酰胺、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、盐酸氧氮芥(mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride)、美法仑、新恩比兴(novembichin)、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、泼尼莫司汀、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)、乌拉莫司汀(uracil mustard);亚硝基脲类,如卡莫司汀、氯脲菌素、福莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫司汀(nimustine)和雷莫司汀(ranimnustine);抗生素,如烯二炔类抗生素(enediyne antibiotics)(例如,加里刹霉素(calicheamicin)、尤其是加里刹霉素γ1I和加里刹霉素ωl1);达内霉素(dynemicin),包含达内霉素A;二磷酸盐,如氯膦酸盐;埃斯培拉霉素(esperamicin);以及新制癌菌素发色团和相关色蛋白烯二炔抗生素发色团、阿克拉霉素(aclacinomysins)、放线菌素、蒽霉素(authrarnycin)、偶氮丝氨酸(azaserine)、博来霉素、放线菌素C、卡拉比星(carabicin)、卡诺霉素(caminomycin)、嗜癌菌素、色霉素(chromomycinis)、放线菌素D、柔红霉素、地托比星、6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、阿霉素(包含吗啉代-阿霉素、氰基吗啉代-阿霉素、2-吡咯啉-阿霉素和脱氧阿霉素(deoxydoxorubicin))、表柔比星、依索比星(esorubicin)、伊达比星、麻西罗霉素、丝裂霉素类,如丝裂霉素C、霉酚酸、诺拉霉素、橄榄霉素类(olivomycins)、培洛霉素、泊非霉素(potfiromycin)、嘌呤霉素、三铁阿霉素、罗多比星、链黑菌素、链佐星、杀结核菌素、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星;抗代谢物,如甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,如二甲叶酸、甲氨蝶呤、蝶罗呤、三甲曲沙;嘌呤类似物,如氟达拉滨、6-巯嘌呤、硫咪嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物,如安西他滨、阿扎胞苷、6-氮尿苷、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷、二脱氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依诺他滨(enocitabine)、氟尿苷;雄激素类(androgens),如卡鲁睾酮、丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolone propionate)、环硫雄醇、美雄烷(mepitiostane)、睾内酯;抗肾上腺素物质(anti-adrenals),如氨鲁米特、米托坦、曲洛司坦;叶酸补充剂(folic acidreplenisher),如亚叶酸(frolinic acid);醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷(aldophosphamideglycoside);氨基乙酰丙酸;恩尿嘧啶;安吖啶;百垂布西(bestrabucil);比生群;依达曲沙(edatraxate);地磷酰胺(defofamine);地美可辛;地吖醌;依氟鸟氨酸(elformithine);依利醋铵(elliptinium acetate);埃坡霉素(epothilone);依托格鲁;硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;氯尼达明(lonidainine);美登素类化合物(maytansinoids),如美登素和安丝菌素(ansamitocin);米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌;莫哌达醇(mopidanmol);尼曲吖啶(nitraerine);喷司他丁;蛋氨氮芥;吡柔比星;洛索蒽醌;鬼臼酸;2-乙肼;丙卡巴肼;PSK多糖复合物);雷佐生;利索新;西佐喃(sizofuran);锗螺胺(spirogermanium);细交链孢菌酮酸;三亚胺醌;2,2’,2”-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯类(trichothecenes)(尤其是T-2毒素、粘液霉素A(verracurin A)、杆孢菌素A和蛇形菌素(anguidine));氨基甲酸乙酯;长春地辛(vindesine);达卡巴嗪;甘露莫司汀;二溴甘露醇;二溴卫矛醇;哌泊溴烷;加西托新(gacytosine);阿拉伯糖苷(“Ara-C”);环磷酰胺;塞替派;紫杉烷类,例如,紫杉醇和多西他赛(doxetaxel);苯丁酸氮芥;吉西他滨;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂配位络合物,如顺铂、奥沙利铂和卡铂;长春碱;铂;依托泊甙(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨;盐酸米托蒽醌;替尼泊甙;依达曲沙;柔红霉素;氨喋呤;希罗达(xeloda);伊班膦酸盐(ibandronate);伊立替康(例如,CPT-11);拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(difluoromethylornithine)(DMFO);类视黄醇(retinoids),如视黄酸;卡培他滨;以及上述中任一种的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
在一些实施方案中,受试者还被施用免疫治疗剂。免疫疗法指使用受试者的免疫系统治疗癌症的治疗,例如,癌症疫苗、细胞因子、癌症特异性抗体的使用、T细胞疗法和树突状细胞疗法。
在一些实施方案中,受试者还被施用免疫调节蛋白。免疫调节蛋白的实例包含(但不限于)B淋巴细胞化学引诱物(“BLC”)、C-C基序趋化因子11(“嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子-1(Eotaxin-1)”)、嗜酸粒细胞趋化蛋白2(“嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子-2(Eotaxin-2)”)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(“GM-CSF”)、1-309、胞间粘连分子1(“ICAM-1”)、干扰素γ(“IFN-γ”)、白细胞介素-1α(“IL-1α”)、白细胞介素-1β(“IL-1β”)、白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂(“IL-1ra”)、白细胞介素-2(“IL-2”)、白细胞介素-4(“IL-4”)、白细胞介素-5(“IL-5”)、白细胞介素-6(“IL-6”)、白细胞介素-6可溶性受体(“IL-6sR”)、白细胞介素-7(“IL-7”)、白细胞介素-8(“IL-8”)、白细胞介素-10(“IL-10”)、白细胞介素-11(“IL-11”)、白细胞介素-12β亚基(“IL-12p40”或“IL-12p70”)、白细胞介素-13(“IL-13”)、白细胞介素-15(“IL-15”)、白细胞介素-16(“IL-16”)、白细胞介素-17(“IL-17”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体2(“MCP-1”)、巨噬细胞集落剌激因子(“M-CSF”)、干扰素γ诱导的单核因子(“MIG”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体2(“MIP-1α”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体4(“MIP-1β”)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1-δ(“MIP-1δ”)、血小板源性生长因子亚基B(“PDGF-BB”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体5、调控活化的正常T细胞表达和分泌的因子(“RANTES”)、TIMP金属肽酶抑制剂1(“TIMP-1”)、TIMP金属肽酶抑制剂2(“TIMP-2”)、肿瘤坏死因子淋巴毒素-α(“TNFα”)、肿瘤坏死因子淋巴毒素-β(“TNFβ”)、可溶性1型TNF受体(“sTNFRI”)、sTNFRIIAR、脑源性神经营养因子(“BDNF”)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(“bFGF”)、骨形态生成蛋白4(“BMP-4”)、骨形态生成蛋白5(“BMP-5”)、骨形态生成蛋白7(“BMP-7”)、神经生长因子(“b-NGF”)、表皮生长因子(“EGF”)、表皮生长因子受体(“EGFR”)、内分泌腺性血管内皮生长因子(“EG-VEGF”)、成纤维细胞生长因子4(“FGF-4”)、角化细胞细胞生长因子(“FGF-7”)、生长分化因子15(“GDF-15”)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(“GDNF”)、生长激素、肝素结合EGF样生长因子(“HB-EGF”)、肝细胞生长因子(“HGF”)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1(“IGFBP-1”)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2(“IGFBP-2”)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(“IGFBP-3”)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白4(“IGFBP-4”)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白6(“IGFBP-6”)、胰岛素样生长因子1(“IGF-1”)、胰岛素、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(“M-CSF R”)、神经生长因子受体(“NGF R”)、神经营养因子-3(“NT-3”)、神经营养因子-4(“NT-4”)、破骨细胞生成抑制因子(“骨保护素(Osteoprotegerin)”)、血小板源性生长因子受体(“PDGF-AA”)、磷脂酰肌醇-聚糖生物合成(“PIGF”)、Skp、滞蛋白(Cullin)、含F框的复合物(“SCF”)、干细胞因子受体(“SCF R”)、转化生长因子α(“TGFα”)、转化生长因子β-1(“TGFβ1”)、转化生长因子β-3(“TGFβ3”)、血管内皮生长因子(“VEGF”)、血管内皮生长因子受体2(“VEGFR2”)、血管内皮生长因子受体3(“VEGFR3”)、VEGF-D 6Ckine、酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体UFO(“Axl”)、细胞素(“BTC”)、粘膜相关上皮趋化因子(“CCL28”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体27(“CTACK”)、趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体16(“CXCL16”)、C-X-C基序趋化因子5(“ENA-78”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体26(“嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子-3”)、粒细胞趋化蛋白2(“GCP-2”)、GRO、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体14(“HCC-l”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体16(“HCC-4”)、白细胞介素-9(“IL-9”)、白细胞介素-17F(“IL-17F”)、白细胞介素-18-结合蛋白(“IL-18BPa”)、白细胞介素-28A(“IL-28A”)、白细胞介素29(“IL-29”)、白细胞介素31(“IL-31”)、C-X-C基序趋化因子10(“IP-10”)、趋化因子受体CXCR3(“I-TAC”)、白血病抑制因子(“LIF”)、轻型趋化因子(C基序)配体(“淋巴细胞趋化因子”)、单核细胞化学诱导物蛋白2(“MCP-2”)、单核细胞化学诱导物蛋白3(“MCP-3”)、单核细胞化学诱导物蛋白4(“MCP-4”)、巨噬细胞源性趋化因子(“MDC”)、巨噬细胞游走抑制因子(“MIF”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体20(“MIP-3α”)、C-C基序趋化因子19(“MIP-3β”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体23(“MPIF-1”)、巨噬细胞刺激蛋白α链(“MSPα”)、核小体组装蛋白1样4(“NAP-2”)、分泌性磷蛋白1(“骨桥蛋白”)、肺部活化调控细胞因子(“PARC”)、血小板因子4(“PF4”)、基质细胞源性因子-1α(“SDF-1α”)、趋化因子(C-C基序)配体17(“TARC”)、胸腺表达趋化因子(“TECK”)、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(“TSLP4-IBB”)、CD 166抗原(“ALCAM”)、分化群80(“B7-1”)、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员17(“BCMA”)、分化群14(“CD14”)、分化群30(“CD30”)、分化群40(“CD40配体”)、癌胚抗原相关细胞粘连分子1(胆汁糖蛋白)(“CEACAM-1”)、死亡受体6(“DR6”)、脱氧胸苷激酶(“Dtk”)、1型膜糖蛋白(“内皮素”)、受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶erbB-3(“ErbB3”)、内皮细胞白细胞粘连分子1(“E-选择素”)、凋亡抗原1(“Fas”)、Fms样酪氨酸激酶3(“Flt-3L”)、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员1(“GITR”)、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员14(“HVEM”)、胞间粘连分子3(“ICAM-3”)、IL-1R4、IL-1RI、IL-10Rβ、IL-17R、IL-2Rγ、IL-21R、溶酶体膜蛋白2(“LIMPII”)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(“脂质运载蛋白-2”)、CD62L(“L-选择素”)、淋巴管内皮细胞(“LYVE-1”)、I类MHC多肽相关序列A(“MICA”)、I类MHC多肽相关序列B(“MICB”)、NRGl-βl、β型血小板源性生长因子受体(“PDGFRβ”)、血小板内皮细胞粘连分子(“PECAM-1”)、RAGE、甲型肝炎病毒细胞受体1(“TIM-1”)、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员IOC(“TRAIL R3”)、Trappin蛋白转谷氨酰胺酶结合域(“Trappin-2”)、尿激酶受体(“uPAR”)、血管细胞粘连蛋白1(“VCAM-1”)、XEDAR、激活素A、刺鼠相关蛋白(“AgRP”)、核糖核酸酶5(“血管生长素”)、血管生成素1、血管抑素、组织蛋白酶S、CD40、隐藏家族蛋白IB(“Cripto-1”)、DAN、Dickkopf相关蛋白1(“DKK-1”)、E-钙粘连素、上皮细胞粘连分子(“EpCAM”)、Fas配体(FasL或CD95L)、Fcg RIIB/C、FoUistatin、半乳凝素-7、胞间粘连分子2(“ICAM-2”)、IL-13Rl、IL-13R2、IL-17B、IL-2Ra、IL-2Rb、IL-23、LAP、神经元细胞粘连分子(“NrCAM”)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(“PAI-1”)、血小板源性生长因子受体(“PDGF-AB”)、抵抗素、基质细胞衍生因子1(“SDF-1β”)、sgpl30、分泌型卷曲相关蛋白2(“ShhN”)、唾液酸结合性免疫球蛋白样凝集素(“Siglec-5”)、ST2、转化生长因子-β2(“TGFβ2”)、Tie-2、血小板生成素(“TPO”)、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员10D(“TRAILR4”)、骨髓细胞上表达的触发受体1(“TREM-1”)、血管内皮生长因子C(“VEGF-C”)、VEGFRl、脂联素、降脂蛋白(“AND”)、甲胎蛋白(“AFP”)、血管生成素样4(“ANGPTL4”)、β-2-微球蛋白(“B2M”)、基底细胞粘连分子(“BCAM”)、糖抗原125(“CA125”)、癌抗原15-3(“CA15-3”)、癌胚抗原(“CEA”)、cAMP受体蛋白(“CRP”)、人表皮生长因子受体2(“ErbB2”)、卵泡抑素、促卵泡激素(“FSH”)、趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体1(“GROα”)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(“βHCG”)、胰岛素样生长因子1受体(“IGF-1sR”)、IL-1sRII、IL-3、IL-18Rb、IL-21、瘦素、基质金属蛋白酶-1(“MMP-1”)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(“MMP-2”)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(“MMP-3”)、基质金属蛋白酶-8(“MMP-8”)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(“MMP-9”)、基质金属蛋白酶-10(“MMP-10”)、基质金属蛋白酶-13(“MMP-13”)、神经细胞粘连分子(“NCAM-1”)、巢蛋白(Entactin)(“巢蛋白-1(Nidogen-1)”)、神经元特异性烯醇酶(“NSE”)、制瘤素M(“OSM”)、降钙素原、催乳素、前列腺特异性抗原(“PSA”)、唾液酸结合性免疫球蛋白样凝集素9(“Siglec-9”)、ADAM 17肽链内切酶(“TACE”)、甲状腺球蛋白、金属蛋白酶抑制剂4(“TIMP-4”)、TSH2B4、含解聚素和金属蛋白酶的蛋白质9(“ADAM-9”)、血管生成素2、肿瘤坏死因子配体超家族成员13/酸性富亮氨酸核磷蛋白32家族成员B(“APRIL”)、骨形态生成蛋白2(“BMP-2”)、骨形态生成蛋白9(“BMP-9”)、补体成分5a(“C5a”)、组织蛋白酶L、CD200、CD97、趋化素、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员6B(“DcR3”)、脂肪酸结合蛋白2(“FABP2”)、成纤维细胞活化蛋白α(“FAP”)、成纤维细胞生长因子19(“FGF-19”)、半乳凝素-3、肝细胞生长因子受体(“HGF R”)、IFN-α/βR2、胰岛素样生长因子2(“IGF-2”)、胰岛素样生长因子2受体(“IGF-2R”)、白细胞介素-1受体6(“IL-1R6”)、白细胞介素24(“IL-24”)、白细胞介素33(“IL-33”)、激肽释放酶14、天冬酰胺酰肽链内切酶(“天冬酰胺内肽酶(Legumain)”)、氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1(“LOX-1”)、甘露糖结合凝集素(“MBL”)、脑啡肽酶(“NEP”)、易位相关Notch同源物1(果蝇(Drosophila))(“Notch-1”)、肾母细胞瘤过度表达(“NOV”)、骨激活素(Osteoactivin)、程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(“PD-1”)、N-乙酰胞壁酰-L-丙氨酸酰胺酶(“PGRP-5”)、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂A4、分泌型卷曲相关蛋白3(“sFRP-3”)、血栓调节蛋白、Toll样受体2(“TLR2”)、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员10A(“TRAIL Rl”)、转铁蛋白(“TRF”)、WIF-lACE-2、白蛋白、AMICA、血管生成素4、B-细胞活化因子(“BAFF”)、糖抗原19-9(“CA19-9”)、CD 163、丛生蛋白、CRT AM、趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体14(“CXCL14”)、胱抑素C、饰胶蛋白(“DCN”)、Dickkopf相关蛋白3(“Dkk-3”)、δ样蛋白1(“DLL1”)、胎球蛋白A、肝素结合生长因子1(“aFGF”)、叶酸受体α(“FOLR1”)、弗林蛋白酶、GPCR相关分拣蛋白1(“GASP-1”)、GPCR相关分拣蛋白2(“GASP-2”)、粒细胞集落刺激因子受体(“GCSF R”)、丝氨酸蛋白酶hepsin(“HAI-2”)、白细胞介素-17B受体(“IL-17B R”)、白细胞介素27(“IL-27”)、淋巴细胞活化基因3(“LAG-3”)、载脂蛋白A-V(“LDL R”)、胃蛋白酶原I、视黄醇结合蛋白4(“RBP4”)、SOST、硫酸类肝素蛋白多糖(“多配体蛋白聚糖1”)、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员13B(“TACI”)、组织因子通道抑制剂(“TFPI”)、TSP-1、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员10b(“TRAIL R2”)、TRANCE、肌钙蛋白I、尿激酶纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂(“uPA”)、钙粘连素5、2型或VE-钙粘连素(血管内皮细胞)也称为CD144(“VE-钙粘连素”)、WNTl诱导的信号通路蛋白1(“WISP-1”)、以及核因子κB受体活化因子(“RANK”)。
在一些实施方案中,受试者还被施用免疫检查点抑制剂。免疫检查点抑制概括地指抑制癌症细胞可以产生的检查点以预防或下调免疫应答。免疫检查点蛋白的实例包含(但不限于)CTLA4、PD-1、PD-L1、PD-L2、A2AR、B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、KIR、LAG3、TIM-3或VISTA。免疫检查点抑制剂可以是与免疫检查点蛋白结合并且抑制免疫检查点蛋白的抗体或该抗体的抗原结合片段。免疫检查点抑制剂的实例包含(但不限于)纳武单抗(nivolumab)、派姆单抗(pembrolizumab)、皮地利珠单抗(pidilizumab)、AMP-224、AMP-514、STI-A1110、TSR-042、RG-7446、BMS-936559、MEDI-4736、MSB-0020718C、AUR-012和STI-A1010。
在一些实施方案中,预防性地施用本文提供的组合物(例如,本文提供的疫苗组合物),以预防癌症、癌前病变、和/或HPV感染。在一些实施方案中,施用疫苗以抑制肿瘤细胞扩增。可以在在患者中检测癌症细胞、癌前病变、或HPV感染的细胞之前或之后施用疫苗。肿瘤细胞扩增的抑制被理解为指预防、停止、减慢肿瘤细胞的生长、或杀死肿瘤细胞。在一些实施方案中,在施用本文所描述的包括肽、核酸、抗体或APC的疫苗之后,诱导促炎应答。促炎免疫应答包括产生促炎细胞因子和/或趋化因子(例如,干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和/或白细胞介素2(IL-2))。促炎细胞因子和趋化因子是本领域公知的。
联合疗法包含顺序、同时和单独、和/或共同施用活性化合物,以这样的方式,当施用随后的治疗时,施用的第一药剂的治疗效果尚未完全消失。在一些实施方案中,第二药剂可以与第一药剂共同配制或配制在单独的药物组合物中。
本文提供的药物组合物中的活性成分的实际剂量水平可以变化,以便获得活性成分的量,所述活性成分的量对实现特定患者、组合物和施用模式的期望的治疗响应是有效的,而对患者没有毒性。
所选择的剂量水平将取决于各种各样的因素,所述因素包含所采用的特定药剂的活性、施用途径、施用时间、正在被采用的特定化合物的排泄或代谢的速率、治疗的持续时间、与所采用的特定化合物组合使用的其他药物、化合物和/或材料、正在被治疗的患者的年龄、性别、体重、病况、总体健康状况和先前的病史,以及医学领域中公知的类似因素。
在一些方面,本文提供鉴别适合于本文提供的疗法(在受试者中治疗HPV感染、癌症、和/或癌前病变的方法,方法包括向受试者施用本文提供的药物组合物)的受试者的方法。在一些实施方案中,方法包括从受试者中分离样品(例如,血液样品、组织样品、肿瘤样品)并且检测样品中表1中列出的HPV表位的存在。在一些实施方案中,使用ELISA测定、免疫印迹测定、FACS测定、荧光显微术测定、埃德曼降解法测定和/或质谱测定(例如,蛋白质测序)检测表位。在一些实施方案中,通过检测编码HPV表位的核酸来检测HPV表位的存在。在一些实施方案中,使用核酸探针、核酸扩增测定和/或测序测定检测编码HPV表位的核酸。
可以在本文提供的方法中使用的核酸扩增测定的实例包含(但不限于)聚合酶链反应(PCR)、LATE-PCR、连接酶链反应(LCR)、链置换扩增(SDA)、转录介导的扩增(TMA)、自主序列复制(3SR)、基于Qβ复制酶的扩增、基于核酸序列的扩增(NASBA)、修复链反应(RCR)、反向DNA扩增(BDA)和/或滚环扩增(RCA)。
在一些实施方案中,扩增反应的产物被检测作为样品中细菌的存在和/或同一性的指示。在一些实施方案中,在完成扩增反应之后,检测扩增产物(即,终点检测)。终点检测方法的实例包含基于凝胶电泳的方法、基于探针结合的方法(例如,分子信标、HPA探针、开光/关光探针(lights-on/lights-off probe))和基于双链DNA结合荧光染料的方法(例如,溴化乙锭、SYBR-green)。在一些实施方案中,当扩增产物在扩增反应中产生时,其被检测到(即,实时检测)。实时检测方法的实例包含基于探针结合的方法(例如,分子信标、TaqMan探针、蝎子型探针(scorpion probe)、开光/关光探针)和基于双链DNA结合荧光染料的方法(例如,溴化乙锭、SYBR-green)。在一些实施方案中,通过测序(例如,通过使用本文所描述的测序测定)检测和/或鉴别扩增反应的产物。
在一些实施方案中,核酸序列的检测包括使核酸序列与核酸探针接触,所述核酸探针与核酸序列特异性杂交。在一些实施方案中,探针被可检测地标记。在一些实施方案中,用荧光部分(直接地或间接地)标记探针。在本文提供的方法中有用的荧光部分的实例包含(但不限于)别藻蓝蛋白、荧光素、藻红蛋白、多甲藻素-叶绿素蛋白复合物、AlexaFluor 350、Alexa Fluor 405、Alexa Fluor 430、Alexa Fluor 488、Alexa Fluor 514、Alexa Fluor 532、Alexa Fluor 546、Alexa Fluor 555、Alexa Fluor 568、Alexa Fluor594、Alexa Fluor 633、Alexa Fluor 635、Alexa Fluor 647、Alexa Fluor 660、AlexaFluor 680、Alexa Fluor 700、Alexa Fluor 750、Alexa Fluor 790、GFP、RFP、YFP、EGFP、mPlum、mCherry、mOrange、mKO、EYFP、mCitrine、Venus、YPet、Emerald、Cerulean和CyPet。在一些实施方案中,探针是分子信标探针、分子火炬探针(molecular torch probe)、TaqMan探针、SDA探针、蝎型探针、HPA探针或开光/关光探针。
在一些实施方案中,通过测序(例如,全基因组测序、转录组序列和/或靶向基因测序)来检测核酸序列。可以在本文提供的方法中使用的测序方法的实例包含(但不限于)链终止测序、大规模平行信号测序、离子半导体测序、聚合酶克隆测序、illumina测序、连接测序、合成测序、焦磷酸测序、单分子实时测序、SOLiD测序、DNA纳米球测序、Heliscope单分子测序、单分子实时测序、454测序、纳米孔测序、隧道电流DNA测序或杂交测序。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供的方法还包括使用本文提供的治疗方法治疗鉴别的受试者(例如,通过向受试者施用本文提供的药物组合物)。
实施例
实施例1:表征HPV特异性T细胞应答以便利针对HPV的免疫治疗策略的开发
总计招募50名志愿者用于本研究。这包含尚未接受治疗的患者、目前正在治疗的患者、或者已经完成针对HPV相关性口咽癌的明确放射疗法±全身性疗法的患者。除患者群组之外,还招募了多达21名健康供者用于本研究。从每个参与者收集多达70mL的初始血液样品–大约20mL用于HLA分型,并且将大约50mL收集到EDTA管中用于免疫学测定。从参与者采集三个附加的血液样品(每个50mL),以进行关于HPV免疫的后续研究(尤其是在被诊断患有HPV阳性癌症的患者中)。如果在同意时间之后要求参与者经历手术,则在手术时收集新鲜的癌性病变样本或癌前病变样本。在去除用于标准病理分析的样本之后足够的组织可用的情况下,对样本进行组织病理学研究和免疫学研究。
离体或者在短期体外培养之后评估HPV特异性T细胞表型和功能。研究包含(但不限于):细胞表面染色、肽-MHC多聚体分析、ELISPOT、以及细胞内细胞因子染色测定。进行基因表达和表观遗传学分析,以评估与健康供者相比患者的病毒特异性T细胞中或与非病毒特异性T细胞相比病毒特异性T细胞中效应子功能和表型的分子调控。
从参与者细胞或血浆中提取总DNA,并且然后使用定量实时PCR来评估这些样品中的HPV DNA载量。在可用的情况下,来自HPV相关性病变的细胞被用于评估组织内的免疫应答和抗原表达、以及可以调节免疫应答的某些蛋白质和受体的表达。
实施例2:针对HPV16抗原和HPV18抗原的CD8+T细胞应答和CD4+T细胞应答
由从HNC(头颈癌)中提取的PBMC在体外扩增病毒特异性T细胞。简言之,将PBMC样品与用于HPV16或HPV18的HPV抗原pepmix肽库孵育,并且在存在IL-2的情况下将这些细胞培养14天(分别如图1和图2中的每个所概述的)。
在第14天,使用(细胞内细胞因子染色)ICS测定评估这些T细胞培养物的HPV抗原特异性。阳性应答的截止值被取为1%,并且被应用于经鉴别的IFNγ+CD8+T细胞群体和IFNγ+CD4+T细胞群体中的每个。如图1中所示,除E4之外,全部HPV16抗原都观察到显著的CD8+应答(即,IFNγ+)。类似地,对于CD4+群体,除E4 HPV抗原和E5 HPV抗原之外,其他全部HPV抗原都观察到显著的应答。另一方面,图2图示说明了HNC患者中观察到的低水平的HPV18抗原特异性T细胞应答。
实施例3:HPV
T细胞表位定位
分离来自HNC患者的外周血单核细胞(PBMC),并且用HPV抗原pepmix肽库对单独培养基中的HPV16或HPV18进行刺激,并且制备以用于如上所述的细胞内细胞因子染色(ICS)测定(非刺激性对照平行运行)。分析对pepmix肽库的T细胞应答,以鉴别单独的肽。进一步评估这些单独的肽的T细胞扩增和ICS分析,以鉴别潜在的表位。一旦鉴别15mer肽,就进行表位序列的进一步极小化,以鉴别最佳T细胞表位序列。将15mer肽序列从N-末端和C-末端两者修剪成最小的9-14个氨基酸长度的肽。一旦鉴别最小的肽序列,就使用限制剂量滴定ICS测定来进行进一步确认。在定位最小表位序列之后,通过使用负载肽的HLA匹配的和HLA错配的PHA原始细胞(blast)(PHA)刺激T细胞来鉴别表位的HLA限制。图3中提供的流程图中示出表位定位的完整过程。
可以分别在图1和图2中找到表明来自HNC患者的HPV特异性T细胞识别HPV16-E6抗原、HPV18-E6抗原的代表性数据。为了定位T细胞表位,使用E6肽的亚库进行进一步分析。例如,对于HPV18-E6肽,经由细胞内细胞因子分析来证明库E6-2、E6-3和E6-9是刺激性的。当在HPV肽矩阵布局上分析时,鉴别应答的库之间的通用肽序列(参见图4)。精细定位过程将TVLELTEVFEFA鉴别为HPV18-E6 CD+T细胞表位(参见图5)。类似地,HPV16-E6库的精细CD4表位定位鉴别KQRFHNIRGRWTGRC(参见图6)。表1中列出了在本研究过程中以这种方式定位的HPV表位的列表。
实施例4:HPV
CD8和CD4多表位序列
设计了一系列HPV多表位肽。选择CD8+T细胞表位(参见表1),以生成HPV CD8多表位(参见图7,A,各个表位由交替的粗体和带下划线的斜体文本表示)。类似地,从表1选择CD4+T细胞表位,以生成HPV CD4多表位。CD4+多表位在氨基末端处包含ER(内质网)信号序列,并且在羧基末端处包含溶酶体信号序列(参见图7,B)。还设计了多表位肽构建体,以表达CD8+T细胞表位和CD4+T细胞表位两者。在这种情况下,多表位序列被内部核糖体进入位点(IRES;来源于脑心肌炎病毒)隔开(参见图7,C和D)。在克隆pJ201运载体中从Atum Bio获得编码HPV CD4+多表位、HPV CD8+多表位或CD8IRESCD4多表位的DNA序列。通过用5’Nhe 1和3’Kpn 1(对于CD4+多表位和CD8+多表位)以及5’Nhe 1和3’Not 1(对于CD8IRESCD4poly)限制酶消化,来从克隆运载体释放核苷酸序列。将这些多表位核苷酸序列克隆到pShuttle2运载体中,以制造哺乳动物表达组件。用I-Ceu I和PI-Sce I限制酶消化重组的pShuttle2运载体,以释放编码HPV CD4+多表位、HPV CD8+多表位或CD8IRESCD4多表位的哺乳动物表达组件,并且然后连接到用I-Ceu I和PI-Sce I限制酶消化的Ad5F35运载体中(参见图8)。表达HPV CD4+多表位、HPV CD8+多表位或CD8IRESCD4多表位的全部重组腺病毒运载体经PCR证实,并且然后用Pac I限制酶使运载体线性化,以暴露反向末端重复序列用于包装Ad5F35DNA。为了产生重组腺病毒,用经线性化的DNA转染HEK293细胞,并且在第6天通过用冻融循环裂解HEK293细胞来收获原代重组病毒母液。为了获得高滴度的重组腺病毒,用原代重组病毒母液反复地感染HEK293细胞。通过PCR评估经衣壳化的腺病毒基因组中HPV CD4+多表位、HPV CD8+多表位或CD8IRESCD4多表位核苷酸序列的存在(参见图9)。
实施例5:重组AdHPVCD8的免疫原性的评价
为了探究AdHPVCD8poly的免疫原性,用AdHPVCD8poly重组病毒对细胞加以脉冲1小时。然后,洗涤细胞,孵育过夜,并且然后通过测量IFN-γ的细胞内表达来评估一组HPV特异性T细胞的激活。图10中呈现的代表性数据清楚地表明,来自HPV16-E2抗原和HPV16-E6抗原的HPV16-E2 HLAA02:01限制性表位和来自HPV16-E2抗原的HLA A01:01限制性表位被更有效地处理并且呈递至HPV特异性CD8+T细胞。HPV特异性CD8+的频率类似于用HPV pepmix加以脉冲的JuSt成纤维细胞。
实施例6:使用重组AdHPVCD8的来自HPV
HNC患者的HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的扩增
为了进一步评价AdHPVCD8poly的免疫原性,在存在IL-2的情况下用病毒刺激来自HPV HNC患者的PBMC达14天。然后,通过测量IFN-γ分泌来评估HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的扩增。图11中呈现的代表性数据表明,HPV AdCD8poly在大多数患者中诱导HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的扩增,并且观察到针对来自两种不同HPV株(HPV16和HPV18)的多种抗原(E2、E4、E5、E6和E7)的扩增。
实施例7:AdHPVCD4poly的免疫原性的评价
为了探究HPV AdCD4poly的免疫原性,用AdHPVCD4poly刺激来自HPV HNC患者之一的PBMC,并且然后在存在IL-2的情况下培养14天。图12中呈现的数据表明了与用HPVpepmix刺激的PBMC相比,用HPV AdCD4poly刺激PBMC后HPV特异性CD4+T细胞的强劲扩增以及针对多种HPV16 E2、HPV16 E6和HPV16 E7抗原的T细胞扩增。有趣的是,由于将CD8+T细胞表位并入较长的CD4+T细胞表位内的可能性,HPV AdCD4poly同时刺激HPV特异性CD8+T细胞针对HPV16 E6和HPV16 E7抗原的扩增,并且这些CD8+T细胞的频率显著高于用HPV pepmix刺激的PBMC(图12)。
实施例8:AdCD8IRESCD4重组病毒的免疫原性的评价
为了评价HPV AdCD8IRESCD4poly的免疫原性,在存在IL-2的情况下用病毒刺激来自6个不同HPV HNC患者的PBMC达14天。用AdHPVCD4poly和AdHPVCD8poly刺激来自同一患者的另一组PBMC,以比较AdCD8IRESCD4poly扩增HPV特异性CD4+T细胞和HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的能力。通过测量IFN-γ分泌来测定HPV特异性CD4+T细胞和HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的扩增。图13-A和图13-B中呈现的代表性数据表明,AdCD8IRESCD4poly诱导HPV特异性CD4+T细胞针对来自两个供者的HPV16 E1、HPV16E6和HPV16 E7的扩增,并且与用HPV AdCD4poly和HPVAdCD8poly扩增的PBMC相比,扩增的T细胞的频率没有显示清晰的图案。此外,图13-C和图13-D中呈现的数据证明,AdCD8IRESCD4poly还引发来自多个供者的HPV特异性CD8+T细胞针对HPV16 E5、HPV16 E6和HPV16 E7抗原的扩增,这表明作为单一重组病毒的HPVAdCD8IRESCD4poly扩增来自HPV HNC患者的HPV特异性CD4+T细胞和HPV特异性CD8+T细胞的能力。
通过引用并入
本文提到的全部出版物、专利、专利申请和序列登录号通过引用被整体并入,犹如每个单独的出版物、专利或专利申请被具体地和单独地表明通过引用被并入。在冲突的情况下,本申请(包含本文中的任何定义)将受约束。
等同物
本领域技术人员将认识到或能够使用仅仅常规实验来确定本文中描述的本发明的具体的实施方案的许多等同物。这样的等同物旨在由以下权利要求涵盖。
Claims (91)
1.一种分离的肽,所述分离的肽由具有选自SEQ ID NO:1-24中所示的细胞毒性T细胞表位氨基酸序列的氨基酸序列的细胞毒性T细胞表位组成。
2.一种分离的多表位肽,所述分离的多表位肽包括选自表1中所示的T细胞表位氨基酸序列的多个T细胞表位氨基酸序列。
3.如权利要求2所述的分离的多表位肽,所述分离的多表位肽包括SEQ ID NO.34、SEQID NO.36和SEQ ID NO.38中任何一种中所示的氨基酸序列。
4.一种分离的核酸,所述分离的核酸包括编码肽的核苷酸序列,所述肽由具有选自SEQID NO:1-24的氨基酸序列的细胞毒性T细胞表位组成。
5.如权利要求4所述的核酸,其中所述核酸是表达运载体。
6.如权利要求5所述的核酸,其中所述表达运载体是病毒运载体。
7.如权利要求6所述的核酸,其中所述病毒运载体是基于腺病毒的表达运载体。
8.一种疫苗组合物,所述疫苗组合物包括权利要求1至3中任一项所述的肽或权利要求4至7中任一项所述的核酸。
9.如权利要求8所述的疫苗组合物,其中所述组合物包括所述肽和佐剂。
10.一种包括多个分离的HPV CTL表位的分离的多肽,所述多个分离的HPV CTL表位具有选自SEQ ID NO:1-24中所示的HPV CTL氨基酸序列的氨基酸序列。
11.如权利要求9所述的分离的多肽,所述分离的多肽包括SEQ ID NO.34和SEQ IDNO.38中任何一种中所示的氨基酸序列。
12.一种制备用于在受试者中诱导CTL的组合物的方法,所述方法包括将基本上由表1中所示的氨基酸序列组成的至少一种肽与药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂混合。
13.一种在受试者中治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用包括细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)的药物组合物,所述细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)包括与结合至HLA I类分子或HLA II类分子的一种或更多种HPV表位肽特异性结合的T细胞受体(TCR),所述一种或更多种HPV表位肽包括I类MHC上呈递的表1中列出的一种或更多种表位肽。
14.一种在受试者中治疗癌前病变的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用包括细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)的药物组合物,所述细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)包括与结合至HLA I类分子或HLAII类分子的一种或更多种HPV表位肽特异性结合的T细胞受体(TCR),所述一种或更多种HPV表位肽包括I类MHC上呈递的表1中列出的一种或更多种表位肽。
15.一种在受试者中治疗人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用包括细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)的药物组合物,所述细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)包括与结合至HLAI类分子或HLA II类分子的一种或更多种HPV表位肽特异性结合的T细胞受体(TCR),所述一种或更多种HPV表位肽包括I类MHC上呈递的表1中列出的一种或更多种表位肽。
16.如权利要求13-15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述CTL对于所述受试者是自体的。
17.如权利要求13-15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述CTL对于所述受试者不是自体的。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述CTL从CTL文库或CTL库获得。
19.一种诱导HPV特异性细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)的增殖的方法,所述方法包括孵育包括CTL和呈递包括表1中列出的一个或更多个表位的一种或更多种HPV肽的抗原呈递细胞(APC)的样品,从而诱导所述样品中的肽特异性CTL的增殖。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述样品还包括一种或更多种细胞因子。
21.如权利要求19或20所述的方法,其中所述APC是B细胞。
22.如权利要求19或20所述的方法,其中所述APC是抗原呈递T细胞。
23.如权利要求19或20所述的方法,其中所述APC是树突状细胞。
24.如权利要求20或21所述的方法,其中所述APC是aK562细胞。
25.如权利要求19至23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述样品包括外周血单核细胞(PBMC)。
26.如权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽的长度不超过20个氨基酸。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽的长度不超过15个氨基酸。
28.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽的长度不超过10个氨基酸。
29.如权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽是HPV16-E1抗原。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽包括SEQ ID NO:5-8和SEQ ID NO:20中任何一种中所示的序列。
31.如权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽是HPV16-E2抗原。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽包括SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.9、SEQ IDNO.10、SEQ ID NO.26和SEQ ID NO.27中任何一种中所示的序列。
33.如权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽是HPV16-E4抗原。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽包括序列WPTTPPRPI(SEQ ID NO.11)。
35.如权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽是HPV18-E6抗原。
36.如权利要求35所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽包括SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.20和SEQID NO.21中任何一种中所示的序列。
37.如权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽是HPV18-E5抗原。
38.如权利要求37所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽包括序列SPATAFTVY(SEQ ID NO.3)。
39.如权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽是HPV16-E5抗原。
40.如权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽包括SEQ ID NO.4和SEQ ID NO.12中任何一种中所示的序列。
41.如权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽是HPV16-E6抗原。
42.如权利要求41所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽包括SEQ ID NO.13-19和SEQ ID NO.28-30中任何一种中所示的序列。
43.如权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽是HPV16-E7抗原。
44.如权利要求43所述的方法,其中所述HPV肽包括SEQ ID NO.22、SEQ ID NO.23和SEQID NO.24中任何一种中所示的序列。
45.一种包括表1中列出的氨基酸序列的肽,其中所述肽不包括超过30个连续氨基酸的HPV蛋白。
46.如权利要求45所述的肽,其中所述表1中列出的氨基酸序列是LQDVSLEVYL、TVLELTEVFEF、SPATAFTVY、或SAFRCFIVY。
47.如权利要求45或46所述的肽,其中所述肽包括两个或更多个表1中列出的序列。
48.一种包括权利要求45至47中任一项所述的肽的疫苗组合物。
49.如权利要求48所述的疫苗组合物,所述疫苗组合物还包括佐剂。
50.一种在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌症的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用一种或更多种权利要求48或49所述的疫苗组合物。
51.一种在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌前病况的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用一种或更多种权利要求48或49所述的疫苗组合物。
52.一种在受试者中治疗和/或预防HPV感染的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用一种或更多种权利要求48或49所述的疫苗组合物。
53.一种在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌症的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用一种或更多种权利要求45至47中任一项所述的肽。
54.一种在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌前病况的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用一种或更多种权利要求45至47中任一项所述的肽。
55.一种在受试者中治疗和/或预防HPV感染的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用一种或更多种权利要求45至47中任一项所述的肽。
56.一种抗原呈递细胞(APC),所述抗原呈递细胞(APC)包括在I类MHC上呈递的权利要求45至47中任一项所述的肽。
57.如权利要求56所述的APC,其中所述APC是抗原呈递T细胞。
58.如权利要求56所述的APC,其中所述APC是树突状细胞。
59.如权利要求56所述的APC,其中所述APC是B细胞。
60.如权利要求56所述的APC,其中所述APC是人工APC。
61.如权利要求56所述的APC,其中所述人工APC是aK562细胞。
62.一种产生呈递一种或更多种HPV肽的抗原呈递细胞(APC)的方法,所述方法包括将抗原呈递细胞与一种或更多种权利要求45至47中任一项所述的肽或者编码所述一种或更多种权利要求45至47中任一项所述的肽的一种或更多种核酸孵育。
63.如权利要求62所述的方法,其中所述APC是抗原呈递T细胞。
64.如权利要求62所述的方法,其中所述APC是树突状细胞。
65.如权利要求62所述的方法,其中所述APC是B细胞。
66.如权利要求62所述的方法,其中所述APC是人工APC。
67.如权利要求62所述的方法,其中所述人工APC是aK562细胞。
68.一种在受试者中治疗或预防癌症的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用权利要求56至61中任一项所述的APC。
69.如权利要求68所述的方法,其中所述APC对于所述受试者是自体的。
70.如权利要求68所述的方法,其中所述APC对于所述受试者不是自体的。
71.一种在受试者中治疗或预防癌前病况的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用权利要求56至61中任一项所述的APC。
72.如权利要求71所述的方法,其中所述APC对于所述受试者是自体的。
73.如权利要求71所述的方法,其中所述APC对于所述受试者不是自体的。
74.一种在受试者中治疗或预防HPV感染的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用权利要求56至61中任一项所述的APC。
75.如权利要求74所述的方法,其中所述APC对于所述受试者是自体的。
76.如权利要求74所述的方法,其中所述APC对于所述受试者不是自体的。
77.一种编码权利要求45至47中任一项所述的肽的核酸。
78.如权利要求77所述的核酸,其中所述核酸是表达运载体。
79.如权利要求78所述的核酸,其中所述表达运载体是病毒运载体。
80.如权利要求79所述的核酸,其中所述病毒运载体是基于腺病毒的表达运载体。
81.一种包括权利要求77至80中任一项所述的核酸的疫苗组合物。
82.一种在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌症的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用权利要求81所述的疫苗组合物。
83.一种在受试者中治疗和/或预防癌前病况的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用权利要求81所述的疫苗组合物。
84.一种在受试者中治疗或预防HPV感染的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用权利要求81所述的疫苗组合物。
85.一种与表1中列出的HPV表位结合的抗体或所述抗体的抗原结合片段。
86.如权利要求85所述的抗体或所述抗体的抗原结合片段,其中所述抗体或所述抗体的抗原结合片段是:
全长免疫球蛋白分子;
scFv;
Fab片段;
Fab’片段;
F(ab’)2;
Fv;
骆驼抗体;
二硫键连接的Fv;
经设计的锚蛋白重复蛋白(DARPin)。
87.一种在受试者中治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用权利要求85或权利要求86所述的抗体或所述抗体的抗原结合片段。
88.一种在受试者中治疗癌前病况的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用权利要求85或权利要求86所述的抗体或所述抗体的抗原结合片段。
89.一种在受试者中治疗HPV感染的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用权利要求85或权利要求86所述的抗体或所述抗体的抗原结合片段。
90.一种表达T细胞受体(TCR)的T细胞,所述T细胞受体(TCR)与主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)上呈递的包括一个或更多个表1中列出的表位的一种或更多种肽结合。
91.如权利要求90所述的T细胞,其中所述T细胞是细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)。
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PCT/IB2019/000131 WO2019145792A1 (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2019-01-23 | Hpv immunotherapy |
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FR2794370B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-03 | 2003-10-17 | Biovector Therapeutics | Fragments proteiques polyepitopiques, leur obtention et leurs utilisations notamment en vaccination |
US7026443B1 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2006-04-11 | Epimmune Inc. | Inducing cellular immune responses to human Papillomavirus using peptide and nucleic acid compositions |
FR2824326B1 (fr) * | 2001-05-04 | 2004-03-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Melange de peptides issus des proteines e6 et/ou e7 de papillomavirus et leurs applications |
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WO2004011650A2 (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2004-02-05 | Intercell Ag | Antigens encoded by alternative reading frame from pathogenic viruses |
WO2004098497A2 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2004-11-18 | Genencor International, Inc. | Cd4+ human papillomavirus (hpv) epitopes |
WO2005063286A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-14 | Arbor Vita Corporation | Antibodies for oncogenic strains of hpv and methods of their use |
AU2003290460A1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-14 | Leiden University Medical Center | Synthetic protein as tumor-specific vaccine |
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