CN111863540A - High-voltage direct-current relay for vehicle - Google Patents
High-voltage direct-current relay for vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111863540A CN111863540A CN202010795660.9A CN202010795660A CN111863540A CN 111863540 A CN111863540 A CN 111863540A CN 202010795660 A CN202010795660 A CN 202010795660A CN 111863540 A CN111863540 A CN 111863540A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The high-voltage direct-current relay for the vehicle comprises a low-voltage coil and a contact, wherein one end of the contact is a high-voltage input end connected with a high-voltage power supply, the other end of the contact is a high-voltage output end connected with a high-voltage load of the vehicle, a series circuit consisting of a switch tube Q1 and a broken metal sheet is connected between the high-voltage input end and the high-voltage output end in parallel, and the switch tube Q1 is switched on and off and is controlled by a control input end of the high-voltage direct-current relay for the vehicle, which is connected with the switch tube Q1. The low-voltage coil is connected with a switching tube Q2 in series and then is grounded, and the on and off of the switching tube Q2 are also controlled by the control input end of the vehicle high-voltage direct-current relay.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a high-voltage direct-current relay for a vehicle.
Background
In order to ensure the normal on-off of an electric system, a high-voltage direct-current relay (shown in fig. 1) needs to be arranged between a battery system and a motor controller of the electric vehicle. When the system stops running, the high-voltage direct-current relay plays an isolation role; when the system operates, the high-voltage direct-current relay plays a role in connection; when the vehicle is closed or has a fault, the high-voltage direct-current relay can safely separate the energy storage system from the vehicle electrical system, and the function of breaking a circuit is achieved. Therefore, the high-voltage direct-current relay is a key safety device of a new energy automobile. Without it, the electric vehicle will not start, run, and stop.
At present, the working voltage of passenger cars is generally more than 370V, the voltage of the bus can reach more than 576V, the latest BYD Han and Porschel voltage platforms reach 800V, and the future trend is certainly that the voltage is higher and higher. The voltage of a high-voltage relay of a new energy automobile is far higher than that of a 12V/24V of a traditional automobile, and the high working platform voltage requires that a high-voltage direct-current relay product has the characteristics of good high voltage resistance, impact resistance and breaking capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides one of the embodimentsHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleComprising a low-voltage coil and a contact, one end of the contact is connected with a high-voltage power supplyHigh voltage input terminalThe other end of the contact is connected with the high-voltage load of the vehicleHeight of Pressure output endCharacterized in thatHigh voltage input terminalAndhigh voltage output terminalA series circuit composed of a switch tube Q1 and an open circuit metal sheet is connected in parallel between the two, the on and off of the switch tube Q1 is composed of the switch tube Q1 and the open circuit metal sheetHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleExternal through theHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleIs connected with the switching tube Q1Control input terminalAnd (5) controlling.
The invention discloses a brand-new energy high-voltage relay, which is different from the existing purely mechanical electromagnetic high-voltage relay and is a mixed new energy high-voltage relay with an electronic device.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high-voltage relay.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high-voltage relay structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high-voltage relay structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high-voltage relay structure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high-voltage relay structure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage relay according to one embodiment of the invention.
1-stationary contact
2-vacuum chamber
3-moving contact
4-ceramic body
5-sealing ring
6-cover plate
7-armature
8-casing
9-electric arc
Detailed Description
As a key safety device in new energy automobiles, namely a high-voltage direct-current relay, the high-voltage direct-current relay has the basic functions of high voltage resistance, load resistance, impact resistance, strong arc extinguishing capability and strong breaking capability. The division of the functions required is as follows.
1. Regarding high voltage resistance, the working platform voltage of the new energy electric automobile is higher than 12V/24V of the traditional automobile, so that the high-voltage direct-current relay matched with the new energy electric automobile is required to bear higher working voltage and reliable closing and breaking in high-voltage loading.
2. Regarding strong load-bearing capacity, the rated power of the motor of new energy passenger cars and buses is generally more than 30KW and 80KW, the peak value reaches more than 60KW and 160KW, the current respectively reaches about 200A and 300A according to the voltage platform mentioned above, under the double pressure of product performance and cost and the same volume, the product has strong load-bearing capacity, and simultaneously has instantaneous overload capacity of multiple times of rated load current; or the smaller the volume of the product the better, at the same load-bearing capacity.
3. Regarding to shock resistance, a high-voltage direct-current relay for a new energy automobile has basic functions of resisting higher voltage and bearing enough current, and also has the function of resisting impact of large capacitive load current at the closing moment, the current is generally several times to tens of times of load rated current, and the like, a conventional relay cannot bear the impact of the instant current, and the impact current is extremely easy to cause the relay contacts to be adhered, the relay contacts are separated and failed, the power supply is cut off and out of control, and safety accidents such as vehicle damage and human death can be caused in serious cases, so that the impact current is extremely harmful. Therefore, the direct current relay product for the new energy vehicle has good impact resistance.
4. Regarding strong arc extinguishing ability, electric arc is the inevitable problem in new forms of energy high-voltage relay contact closure and breaking action process, and it has greatly reduced the life of relay contact. The special rapid arc extinguishing means is adopted to reduce the arc energy, reduce the damage to the relay contact and prolong the service life of the product. Therefore, the strong arc extinguishing capability is also a basic characteristic required by the relay. At present, there are many methods for slowing down arc energy, such as vacuum arc extinguishing, inert gas arc extinguishing, permanent magnet arc extinguishing, contact mechanical arc extinguishing, etc. However, this often presents many manufacturing challenges, and none of these approaches can fundamentally extinguish the arc, especially as new energy vehicle voltages increase further in the future, and these arc mitigation designs will become bottlenecked.
5. With regard to strong breaking capacity, the use working condition of an automobile in the operation process is complex, and in an emergency situation, such as short circuit of an electrical system, the instantaneous current in a loop suddenly rises, at the moment, the relay is required to be capable of smoothly cutting off the circuit under the extreme large current without abnormal conditions such as contact adhesion or relay explosion, the safety hazard of battery over-discharge short circuit ignition or explosion is prevented, and the relay contact is required to have good impact resistance and adhesion resistance.
The current situation of the existing new energy high-voltage direct-current relay is that the high-voltage relay is similar to the structure of the existing low-voltage relay and also belongs to an electromagnetic relay. The magnetic force is generated by supplying power to the high-voltage relay coil, the movable contact is attracted to electrically connect the two ends of the contact, and the high-voltage loop is communicated. And the current of the coil loop is disconnected, the movable contact is released, and the high-voltage contact loop is disconnected. The disadvantages of the current high-voltage relay are: at the moment that the relay switches the load, electric arcs can be generated between contacts of the relay, the size of the electric arcs is exponentially increased along with the system voltage, the electric arcs are larger when the voltage is higher, and the electric arcs are one of main factors of abrasion of the contacts of the relay. Because the system voltage is high, the air between the relay contacts is ionized to break down the conduction, at which time the ionized gas will make the separate circuit conductive even though the relay contacts are separated. Electric arc is one of the main factors which plague the high-voltage relay of the new energy at present.
The existing new energy high-voltage relay has the following methods for reducing electric arcs.
First, a relay contact vacuum chamber method or a method of filling a vacuum chamber with an inert gas is used, and a typical vacuum chamber structure is shown in fig. 2.
Second, the contact structure is optimized. The contact material of the electric vacuum element generally adopts molybdenum copper or oxygen-free copper, and the contact structure is designed to be mostly in a bridge structure. Fig. 3 shows a conventional structure, and fig. 4 shows a structure optimized for the conventional structure. Although the structure is a bridge structure, the structure in fig. 4 is more favorable for extinguishing the arc. In the traditional design, the length of a moving contact exceeds the width of two fixed contacts, and when the moving contact and the fixed contact generate electric arcs due to load switching, the electric arcs are positioned between the moving contact and the fixed contact, so that the electric arcs are not extinguished conveniently. In the optimized structure shown in fig. 4, the edge of the movable contact is slightly retracted to the inner side of the center line of the two stationary contacts, and after the electric arc is generated, the electric arc can be diffused to the outer side because the outer side of the electric arc is not blocked by the movable contact, so that the electric arc is cooled and quickly extinguished, and the ablation of the contacts is reduced.
Thirdly, the permanent magnet extinguishes the arc. Although the new energy automobile relay adopts the vacuum chamber to inhibit the generation of electric arcs, the electric arcs are only eliminated due to the conduction of ionized air, and when the contacts are switched to a high-voltage large-current load, the electric arcs are still generated due to the melting ionization emission of the contacts in a vacuum state. Therefore, in the design of the new energy automobile relay, permanent magnets are still needed to extinguish arcs so as to reduce ablation of contacts.
The arc extinguishing principle of the permanent magnets is that a current-carrying conductor can generate electrodynamic force in a magnetic field, so that if an electric arc is regarded as a soft conductor, two permanent magnets provide a stable magnetic field, and the electric arc is subjected to the electrodynamic force to deform after the electric arc is generated, namely, transversely elongate, the transversely elongate electric arc becomes thinner and is subjected to relative motion with surrounding media to be rapidly cooled, and therefore the extinguishing speed of the electric arc is increased, and abrasion and ablation of contacts are reduced. Two permanent magnets which are arranged in the same direction are designed on two sides of the moving contact and the static contact, so that the rapid dispersion and cooling of electric arcs are facilitated, and the service life of the relay is prolonged. In fig. 5 it is shown that the arc is drawn in a magnetic field towards both sides by an electrodynamic force F.
The method only reduces the damage of the electric arc to the contact to a certain extent and cannot completely eliminate the electric arc. In particular, in the production and manufacturing of the vacuum chamber, the requirement of the vacuum device on the insulating medium material is high, so that the complexity of manufacturing and the difficulty of production management and control are obviously increased. In order to overcome the defects of the existing high-voltage relay, the invention provides the following technical scheme embodiments.
In accordance with one or more embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, a methodHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleComprising a low-voltage coil and a contact, one end of the contact is connected with a high-voltage power supplyHigh voltage input terminalThe other end of the contact is connected with the high-voltage load of the vehicleHigh voltage output terminal. The above-mentionedHigh voltage input terminalAndhigh voltage output terminalA series circuit composed of a switch tube Q1 and an open circuit metal sheet is connected in parallel between the two, the on and off of the switch tube Q1 is composed of the switch tube Q1 and the open circuit metal sheetHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleExternal through theVehicle with wheels Using high-voltage direct-current relaysIs connected with the switching tube Q1Control input terminalAnd (5) controlling.
The low-voltage coil is connected with the ground after being connected with the switching tube Q2 in series, and the switching tube Q2 is switched on and off through the low-voltage coilVehicle with wheels Using high-voltage direct-current relaysIs/are as followsControl input terminalAnd (5) controlling.
Preferably, theHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleComprises a logic processing unit, theVehicle heightVoltage DC relayIs/are as followsControl input terminalAccess to theLogic processing unitSaidLogic processing unitIs connected with a switching tube Q1, the first output end of the switch tube Q1Logic processing unitAnd the second output terminal of the switch is connected with the switching tube Q2.
Preferably, theLogic processing unitThrough a first output terminalHigh-voltage device driving circuitThe switching tube Q1 is connected. Preferably, the two ends of the series circuit formed by the switching tube Q1 and the breaking metal sheet are connected in parallelHigh voltage contact voltage differential Distance detection circuitSaidLogic processing unitIs connected to the third output terminal ofHigh-voltage contact voltage difference isolation detection circuit. The above-mentionedLogic processing unitIs connected with the fourth output end ofHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleThe diagnostic output of (a).
Preferably, theLow-voltage coilIs connected in parallel toCoil residual energy eliminating circuit。
Embodiments of the present invention differ from existing high voltage relays in that,
1. a path of high-voltage electronic device parallel loop (Q1 and short-circuit metal sheet loop) is newly added at the contact end;
2. increasing a voltage difference detection circuit at a high-voltage contact point and a drive circuit of a high-voltage device;
3. a coil end control loop is added (PWM control can be realized, and the heating of the coil is obviously reduced);
4. the logic processing unit is added, so that the current state information of the high-voltage relay can be acquired in real time and fed back to the whole vehicle.
The control principle of the high-voltage relay according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 6.
First, the precharging process of the electric vehicle will be described. The whole electric vehicle is used for preventing the current from flowing through the whole electric vehicle at the moment of electrifyingHigh-voltage relayThe instantaneous current is too large, the capacitor of the inverter can be charged in advance, and therefore the condition that the capacitor is not closed is ensuredHeight of Voltage relayThe voltage difference between the terminals at the contacts is relatively small,high-voltage relayThe generation of contact arcing occurs mainly at opening. The pre-charging is realized by a pre-charging relay. Pre-charging relayThe device is connected with a resistor in series to charge the capacitor of the inverter with limited current, and when the capacitor of the inverter is fully charged to be close to the terminal voltage of the battery, the pre-charging relay completes the mission and disconnects the pre-charging loop.
As for the reason why the pre-charging relay is needed, because the voltage is very high, the capacitance capacity of the inverter is also relatively large, if the main relay is directly attracted under the condition that the voltage of the inverter capacitor is very small, the instantaneous current is very large (because the capacitance is almost equal to the short circuit at this time, the current may exceed 10000A), and then the main relay cannot bear the large current and is immediately damaged. Therefore, the new energy automobile can charge the inverter capacitor through the pre-charging loop of the pre-charging relay before the main relay is closed, and the pre-charging time is usually about hundreds of milliseconds. Then the main relay is closed.
The high-voltage relay control process of the embodiment of the invention comprises a pull-in process and a disconnection process.
1, attracting process: when the low-voltage power supply of the whole vehicle is electrified and sends a pull-in signal to the control input signal of the high-voltage relay, the logic processing unit enables the coil of the high-voltage relay to be electrified to pull in the movable contact of the high-voltage relay through controlling the Q2 according to the voltage difference condition of the two ends of the contact detected by the voltage detection circuit at the end of the high-voltage contact under the condition that the voltage difference is smaller. Under the condition that the voltage difference between the two ends of the contact detected by the contact end voltage detection circuit is continuously larger, the logic processing unit can inform the whole vehicle of the occurrence of problems in the precharging through the diagnosis circuit (assuming that the voltage difference between the two ends of the electric shock is continuously larger due to abnormal precharging), and when the voltage difference between the two ends of the contact is smaller, the coil of the high-voltage relay is electrified to attract the moving contact of the high-voltage relay by controlling the Q2, so that the attracting action of the high-voltage relay is completed, meanwhile, the coil current is maintained to keep the contact in an attracting state, and the high-voltage.
2, a disconnection process: when the whole vehicle needs the high-voltage relay to be turned on, the high-voltage relay sends an off control signal, and after receiving the off control signal, the high-voltage relay firstly controls the high-voltage electronic switch device Q1 under the condition that the contact keeps attracting, so that the Q1 keeps the on state. Then the coil current is turned off at control Q2 so that the contact terminals are released (while the coil-terminal residual energy elimination circuit quickly eliminates the residual energy of the coil, so that the relay contact terminals are quickly opened). Due to the existence of the Q1 loop, the voltage difference between the two ends of the contact when the contact ends start to open is kept small, so that the generation of the electric arc can be completely avoided when the contact ends open (the generation of the electric arc is because of the voltage difference, and the voltage difference is small now, so that the electric arc can be completely eliminated). The Q1 loop can be closed after the contact terminal is completely disconnected, and the complete disconnection of the high-voltage relay is realized.
The logic processing unit can comprise a microcontroller MCU, a singlechip and the like, and is used for finishing logic judgment and control of the high-voltage direct-current relay control.
The high-voltage device driving circuit is used for amplifying power of pulses output by the MCU, the singlechip or the DSP to drive the IGBT (or a high-voltage MOS tube and the like) and ensure the reliable work of the IGBT. The driving circuit plays a crucial role, and for example, the basic requirements for the IGBT driving circuit are as follows:
(A) and proper forward and reverse output voltages are provided, so that the IGBT is reliably switched on and off.
(B) And enough transient power or transient current is provided, so that the IGBT can quickly establish a gate control electric field to be conducted.
(C) The input and output delay time is as small as possible to improve the working efficiency.
(D) The input and output electrical isolation performance is high enough to isolate the signal circuit from the gate drive circuit.
The voltage difference isolation detection circuit of the high-voltage circuit comprises a voltage difference sampling circuit, and the voltage difference sampling circuit is subjected to amplification or filtering treatment after sampling, and due to the existence of high voltage, sampling, amplification and filtering are carried out after isolation.
By analyzing the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the characteristics of the high-voltage direct-current relay provided by the invention comprise:
1. by utilizing the added parallel high-voltage electronic device loop, when the high-voltage relay needs to be disconnected, the mechanical relay is disconnected firstly, the parallel high-voltage electronic loop keeps the circuit connection, and the mechanical contact end has no large voltage difference, so that the generation of electric arcs can be completely stopped when the high-voltage relay is disconnected. Then the high-voltage electronic device is closed, and the circuit is disconnected. Since the high-voltage electronic circuit only needs to work at the moment when the mechanical contact is opened (the time range is related to mechanical design and is approximately in the range of a few ms), the switching speed of the high-voltage electronic device can be fully utilized to accurately break the high-voltage electronic circuit in a short time after the mechanical contact is opened.
2. The voltage difference acquisition circuit at two ends of the contact can realize failure timely diagnosis of the relay and inform the whole vehicle.
3. The current of the coil can be controlled through PWM during normal attraction, and the heat generation of the coil end is reduced. (the current that the electromagnetic relay usually attracts is far greater than the current that keeps after attracting, just can reduce the current of coil end in the maintenance stage after possessing PWM control).
4. Because the design eliminates the generation of electric arcs in principle, the structure design can be designed according to the mechanism of a common electromagnetic relay, and a vacuum chamber and the like are not needed. The structural design has outstanding advantages in material requirements and control of manufacturing ends.
5. Because the electric arc is eliminated, the load-resisting capacity and the service life of the high-voltage relay of the invention are far superior to those of the current mechanical high-voltage relay.
6. The breaking capacity of the high-voltage relay of the invention is determined by the parallel connection of the high-voltage electronic device Q1 and the broken metal sheet. The breaking capacity is the only relative weak item of the high-voltage relay. The high-voltage electronic device Q1 is not limited in kind, and may be an IGBT, a thyristor, a high-voltage MOSFET, etc., and since there is no high requirement for the switching speed of the electronic device, the operating time is very short, and the electronic device with high pulse endurance can be selected sufficiently. Since the high voltage electronics Q1 circuit only operates at the instant the high voltage relay contacts are open, little consideration is required for heat generation and dissipation from Q1. The purpose of the added breaking metal sheet (the breaking metal can not always carry normal current, but can bear large current in a short time (Q1 working time)) is to ensure that the complete disconnection of the loop can be ensured after Q1 short-circuit failure caused by the breaking capacity exceeding the safe working range of the high-voltage electronic device. The failure mode is similar to the contact adhesion of a common high-voltage relay, and the purpose of circuit breaking cannot be achieved after the contact adhesion. The high-voltage relay can ensure reliable disconnection in emergency.
Summarizing the beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) the contact end can ensure no electric arc under the conditions of attraction and disconnection, and the service life of the product is greatly prolonged;
(2) because the electric arc is completely eliminated, the high-voltage relay does not need a vacuum chamber, and the manufacturing difficulty and the production cost of the product are reduced;
(3) the electromechanical hybrid type relay only needs the production requirement of a common relay, is suitable for large-scale automatic production, and improves the production efficiency;
(4) the system comprises a diagnosis circuit, a power supply and a power supply control circuit, wherein the diagnosis circuit can inform the whole vehicle under the condition that a high-voltage relay has a fault;
(5) the coil can be driven by PWM, and the heating of the coil end can be reduced under the condition of keeping the attraction state.
It should be noted that while the foregoing has described the spirit and principles of the invention with reference to several specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, nor is the division of aspects, which is for convenience only as the features in these aspects cannot be combined. The invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A kind ofHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleComprising a low-voltage coil and a contact, one end of the contact is connected with a high-voltage power supplyHigh voltage input terminalThe other end of the contact is connected with the high-voltage load of the vehicleHigh voltage output terminalCharacterized in thatHeight of Pressure input endAndhigh voltage output terminalA series circuit composed of a switch tube Q1 and an open circuit metal sheet is connected in parallel between the two, the on and off of the switch tube Q1 is composed of the switch tube Q1 and the open circuit metal sheetHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleExternal through theHigh voltage for vehicleDC relayIs connected with the switching tube Q1Control input terminalAnd (5) controlling.
2. The method of claim 1High-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleThe low-voltage coil is connected with the ground after being connected with a switch tube Q2 in series, and the switch tube Q2 is switched on and off through the low-voltage coilHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleIs/are as followsControl input terminalAnd (5) controlling.
3. The method of claim 2High-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleCharacterized in thatHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleComprises a logic processing unit, theHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleIs/are as followsControl input terminalAccess to theLogic processing unitSaidLogic Edit processing unitIs connected with a switching tube Q1, the first output end of the switch tube Q1Logic processing unitAnd the second output terminal of the switch is connected with the switching tube Q2.
4. The method of claim 3High-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleCharacterized in thatLogic processing unitThrough a first output terminalHigh-voltage device driving circuitThe switching tube Q1 is connected.
5. The method of claim 3High-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleThe switch tube Q1 and the two ends of the series circuit composed of the open circuit metal sheet are connected in parallelHigh-voltage contact voltage difference isolation detection circuitSaidLogic processing unitIs connected to the third output terminal ofHigh-voltage contact voltage difference isolation detection circuit。
6. The method of claim 3High-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleCharacterized in thatLogic processing unitIs connected with the fourth output end ofHigh-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleThe diagnostic output of (a).
7. The method of claim 1High-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleThe method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of,the above-mentionedLow-voltage coilIs connected in parallel toCoil residue Residual energy eliminating circuit。
8. The method of claim 1High-voltage direct-current relay for vehicleThe switching tube Q1 may be an IGBT, a thyristor or a high-voltage MOSFET.
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| CN112928738A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 合肥朗云物联科技股份有限公司 | Circuit of low-voltage direct-current relay for high-voltage direct current |
| CN113963990A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-21 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Direct current contactor |
| WO2023029977A1 (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-09 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Fault detection method and apparatus for vehicle relay group, and vehicle control system |
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| CN113963990A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-21 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Direct current contactor |
| CN113963990B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2024-01-02 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | DC contactor |
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