CN111857228A - Micro-energy collection system and method using on-chip photovoltaic cell - Google Patents

Micro-energy collection system and method using on-chip photovoltaic cell Download PDF

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CN111857228A
CN111857228A CN202010732140.3A CN202010732140A CN111857228A CN 111857228 A CN111857228 A CN 111857228A CN 202010732140 A CN202010732140 A CN 202010732140A CN 111857228 A CN111857228 A CN 111857228A
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charge pump
voltage
tube
switch
module
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CN111857228B (en
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程心
张云峰
张章
张永强
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Hefei University of Technology
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-energy collection system and a method using an on-chip photovoltaic cell, and the micro-energy collection system comprises an on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module, a continuous MPPT module, an auxiliary boost converter module, a control signal generation module, a main boost converter module and a voltage regulation module, wherein the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module is respectively connected with the continuous MPPT module, the auxiliary boost converter module and the main boost converter module; the invention has the advantages that: the system has the advantages of high energy collection efficiency, stable output voltage, high-efficiency and stable power supply voltage for load equipment and high practicability.

Description

Micro-energy collection system and method using on-chip photovoltaic cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power management chips, in particular to a system and a method for collecting micro energy of a photovoltaic cell on a chip.
Background
The conventional light energy collecting structure is basically formed by combining an independent photovoltaic cell and a CMOS chip with a power management unit. However, for implantable devices, the individual photovoltaic cells are large in area and high in cost relative to the chip, and thus there have been studies to reduce the area and cost and improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells by integrating the photovoltaic cells and CMOS circuits on the same silicon substrate, but this approach also leads to several other problems of the photovoltaic micro-energy collection circuit. First, for on-chip photovoltaic cells, the output power may be as low as a few nanowatts, which makes it difficult for the system to function properly without an external control signal or corresponding cold start architecture. Secondly, the voltage output by the micro energy collecting system with the structure is usually not high enough to provide a stable power supply voltage required by normal operation for the load equipment. In addition, the system formed by the structure has low energy collection efficiency, and further improvement of the internal structure and optimization of relevant parameters are needed to improve the system collection efficiency.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technology commonly used in wind power generators and photovoltaic solar systems, and aims to obtain Maximum power output under various conditions. Maximum power point tracking is mainly used in solar power generation, but its principle can also be applied to energy sources whose input power varies: such as optical energy transmission and thermal electro-optical.
Chinese patent application No. CN201810475387.4 discloses a hybrid energy collection device of a wireless sensor and an operation method thereof, the device comprises a solar energy and wind energy collection subsystem, a central processor, a PWM and an energy storage capacitor. The central processor controls the two subsystems, and the collected solar energy and wind energy are stored in the energy storage capacitor to supply power for the wireless sensor node. The operation method comprises the steps that the photovoltaic cell and the wind driven generator respectively convert solar energy and wind energy into electric energy, the electric energy is respectively stored in the solar energy storage module and the wind energy storage module, the stored electric energy reaches the maximum value, and the electric energy is output to the energy storage capacitor. Meanwhile, the central processor operates a fuzzy logic control method according to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell to enable the photovoltaic cell to work at the maximum power point, and simultaneously, the central processor operates a local optimization method according to the current power of the wind driven generator to adjust the rotating speed of the wind driven generator to enable the wind driven generator to work at the maximum power point. The patent application collects light energy and wind energy simultaneously, provides energy for a wireless sensor network, and continuously and reliably works. However, the energy collection efficiency is low, the output voltage is unstable, the high-efficiency and stable power supply voltage cannot be provided for the load equipment, and the practicability is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the energy collection system and the method in the prior art have the problems of low system energy collection efficiency, unstable output voltage, incapability of providing high-efficiency and stable power supply voltage for load equipment and low practicability.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means: a micro-energy collection system using an on-chip photovoltaic cell comprises an on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module, a continuous MPPT module, an auxiliary boost converter module, a control signal generation module, a main boost converter module and a voltage regulation module, wherein the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module is respectively connected with the continuous MPPT module, the auxiliary boost converter module and the main boost converter module;
the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module generates photovoltaic voltage V under the condition of ambient lightPDIs input to the continuous MPPT module to generate an offset voltage VBIAS(ii) a At a photovoltaic voltage VPDIs a power supply voltage according to a bias voltage VBIASControlling, assisting boost converter module to generate complementary clock signals phi and phi' and output voltage VCPAOutput voltage VCPAInput to the control signal generation module to generate an output voltage signal VENControlling the main boost converter module to start or stop to generate an output voltage signal VDISControlling the auxiliary boost converter module to start or close; the continuous MPPT module is based on the photovoltaic voltage VPDGenerating a high level output voltage to supply to the main boost converter module; main boost converter module with photovoltaic voltage VPDFor the input voltage, an output voltage V is generatedCPInput to voltage regulation module, voltage regulation moduleGenerating a stable output voltage VoutAnd supplying power to the load.
The invention adopts a continuous MPPT technology based on an on-chip photovoltaic cell and charge pump combined dynamic model, the continuous MPPT module is always connected with the on-chip photovoltaic cell, and works in an open-loop continuous mode.
Furthermore, the continuous MPPT module includes a voltage detection unit, a first level shifter and a self-adjusting reference current generation unit, an output end of the voltage detection unit is connected with an input end of the first level shifter, and input ends of the voltage detection unit and the self-adjusting reference current generation unit are both connected with an output end of the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module;
the auxiliary boost converter module comprises an auxiliary charge pump unit and an auxiliary oscillator unit, wherein the input end of the auxiliary charge pump unit is connected with the output end of the voltage detection unit, the input end of the auxiliary oscillator unit is connected with the output end of the self-regulation reference current generation unit, and the output end of the auxiliary oscillator unit is connected with the input end of the auxiliary charge pump unit; the output end of the first level shifter and the output end of the auxiliary charge pump unit are both connected with the input end of the control signal generation module, and one output end of the control signal generation module is connected with the input end of the auxiliary oscillator unit;
the main boost converter module comprises a main charge pump unit, a main oscillator unit, a second level shifter and a non-overlapping clock generation unit, wherein the input end of the main oscillator unit is connected with the other output end of the control signal generation module, the output end of the self-adjusting reference current generation unit, the output end of the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module and the output end of the voltage detection unit;
the input end of the voltage adjusting module is connected with the output end of the main charge pump unit, and the output end of the voltage adjusting module is connected with the load.
Furthermore, the voltage detection unit comprises four level detectors with different trigger voltages, the trigger voltages are respectively 0.25V, 0.31V, 0.37V and 0.42V, and output ends of the four level detectors with different trigger voltages are connected with the first level shifter;
each level detector divides the continuous MPPT module into five different working areas according to different trigger voltages and applies the working areas to photovoltaic voltage VPDDetecting, judging corresponding working regions, and respectively outputting mark voltages VT25、VT31、VT37、VT42And their reverse voltage V'T25、V′T31、V′T37、V′T42Then, these voltages are inputted to a first level shifter which outputs a high level output voltage VT25H、VT31H、VT37H、VT42H、V′T25H、V′T31H、V′T37H、V′T42HSupplying the subsequent main boost converter module and the control signal generation module;
the self-regulating reference current generation unit comprises a PMOS tube P1, an NMOS tube N1 and an NMOS tube N2, wherein the source electrode of the PMOS tube P1 receives a photovoltaic voltage VPDThe drain of PMOS transistor P1 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor N1, and the current on the connection line is the reference current IrefThe source of the NMOS transistor N1 is connected with the drain of the NMOS transistor N2, the source of the NMOS transistor N2 is grounded, the gates of the PMOS transistor P1, the NMOS transistor N1 and the NMOS transistor N2 are all connected, the drain of the PMOS transistor P1 is connected with the gate, and the voltage at the gate of the PMOS transistor P1 is the bias voltage VBIASBias voltage VBIASTo the auxiliary boost converter module and the main boost converter module.
Go toStep by step, the auxiliary charge pump unit is an eight-stage charge pump formed by Pelliconi charge pumps adopting switch bootstrap technology, and each stage of charge pump receives photovoltaic voltage V output by the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent modulePDThe eighth order charge pump output voltage VCPA(ii) a The auxiliary oscillator unit generates complementary clock signals phi and phi 'and outputs the complementary clock signals phi and phi' to each stage of charge pump;
the circuit structure of each stage of charge pump is completely the same, and each stage of charge pump comprises four NMOS tubes numbered N, N ', Nb and N ' b, four PMOS tubes numbered P, P ', Pb and P ' b, two flying capacitors C, C ' and four flying capacitors numbered Cn、C’n、Cp、C’pAnd four NMOS transistors, Nb, N' b, C, numbered N3-N6n、C’nForm a capacitive level shifter, Pb, P' b, Cp、C’pConstituting another capacitive level shifter;
the source electrode of the NMOS tube N, the source electrode of the NMOS tube Nb, the drain electrode N 'of the NMOS tube and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N' b are all connected, the connection node is used as an input end to be connected with the charge pump of the previous stage, the grid electrode of the NMOS tube N is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Nb, and the grid electrode of the NMOS tube N 'is connected with the source electrode of the NMOS tube N' b; the source electrode of the PMOS tube P, the source electrode of the PMOS tube Pb, the drain electrode of the PMOS tube P 'and the drain electrode of the PMOS tube P' b are all connected, the connection node is used as an output end to be connected with a charge pump of the next stage, the grid electrode of the PMOS tube P is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS tube Pb, and the grid electrode of the PMOS tube P 'is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS tube P' b; the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS tube P and is respectively connected with the source electrode of the NMOS tube N3 and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N4 through a flying capacitor C; the source electrode of the NMOS tube N ' is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS tube P ' and is respectively connected with the source electrode of the NMOS tube N5 and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N6 through a flying capacitor C '; the gates of the NMOS transistor N4 and the NMOS transistor N6 both receive a clock signal phi, the gates of the NMOS transistor N3 and the NMOS transistor N5 both receive a clock signal phi, and the source of the NMOS transistor N4 and the drain of the NMOS transistor N5 both receive a photovoltaic voltage VPD。
Further, the control signal generating module comprises a first switch K1, a first switch K2, an XOR gate YH1, an inverter F1, four sequentially numberedTwo-select-one multiplexer XZ 1-XZ 4, six level detectors V1-V6 of different trigger voltages numbered in sequence, wherein the input ends of the level detectors V1 and V2, one end of a first switch K1 and one end of a first switch K2 all receive the output voltage V of the auxiliary boost converter moduleCPAThe input ends of the level detector V3 and the level detector V4 are connected in parallel with the other end of the first switch K1, the trigger end of the first switch K1 is connected with the output end of the exclusive or gate YH1, and two input ends of the exclusive or gate YH1 respectively receive the high-level output voltage V output by the first level shifterT31HAnd VT37H(ii) a The input terminals of the level detector V5 and the level detector V6 are connected in parallel with the other terminal of the first switch K2, and the trigger terminal of the first switch K2 receives the high level output voltage V output by the first level shifterT37H；
A first input end of the multiplexer XZ1 is connected with an output end of the level detector V1, a first input end of the multiplexer XZ2 is connected with an output end of the level detector V2, a first input end of the multiplexer XZ3 is connected with an output end of the level detector V3, and a second input end of the multiplexer XZ3 is connected with an output end of the level detector V5; a first input terminal of the multiplexer XZ4 is connected to the output terminal of the level detector V4, and a second input terminal of the multiplexer XZ4 is connected to the output terminal of the level detector V6; the output end of the multiplexer XZ3 is connected with the second input end of the multiplexer XZ 1; the output end of the multiplexer XZ4 is connected with the second input end of the multiplexer XZ 2; the channel selection terminals of the multiplexers XZ1 and XZ2 both receive the high-level output voltage V output by the first level shifterT31H(ii) a The channel selection terminals of the multiplexers XZ3 and XZ4 both receive the high-level output voltage V output by the first level shifterT37H(ii) a The input end of the inverter F1 is connected with the output end of the multiplexer XZ2, and the output end of the inverter F1 outputs a voltage signal VDISThe output end of the multiplexer XZ1 outputs a voltage signal VEN。
Furthermore, the main charge pump unit comprises a six-order reconfigurable charge pump, the first-order reconfigurable charge pump and the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump are sequentially connected, the first-order reconfigurable charge pump and the third-order reconfigurable charge pump respectively comprise a first charge pump base unit and a plurality of enhanced switches, the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump and the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump respectively comprise a second charge pump base unit and a plurality of enhanced switches, one enhanced switch is connected between the input end and the output end of each first charge pump base unit, and one enhanced switch is connected between the input end and the output end of each second charge pump base unit.
Furthermore, the first charge pump basic unit comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a first capacitor, wherein the source electrode of the first switching tube is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the drain electrode of the second switching tube and the source electrode of the third switching tube, the drain electrode of the fourth switching tube is connected with the source electrode of the second switching tube, and the source electrode of the fourth switching tube is connected with the drain electrode of the first switching tube; an enhancement switch is connected between the source electrode and the drain electrode of each first switch tube; the drains of first switching tubes in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected together, the drains of third switching tubes in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected together, and the sources of fourth switching tubes in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected together; photovoltaic voltage V is input to a connecting line from the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump to the drain electrode of the first switching tube and the source electrode of the fourth switching tubePD。
The second charge pump basic unit comprises a fifth switching tube, a sixth switching tube and a second capacitor, one end of the second capacitor is connected with a source electrode of the fifth switching tube and a drain electrode of the sixth switching tube, the drain electrode of the fifth switching tube in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the drain electrode of the third switching tube in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump, and the source electrode of the sixth switching tube in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the source electrode of the fourth switching tube in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump; an enhanced switch is connected between the other end of the second capacitor in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump and the source electrode of the first switch tube in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump; in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump, the drain electrodes of all the fifth switching tubes are connected together, the source electrodes of all the sixth switching tubes are connected together, and an enhancement switch is connected between the other end of the second capacitor in each order reconfigurable charge pump and the other end of the second capacitor in the adjacent reconfigurable charge pump; the other end of the second capacitor in the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with an enhancement type switch.
Furthermore, the enhancement switch comprises a seventh switch tube, an eighth switch tube and a ninth switch tube, wherein the drain electrode of the seventh switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the eighth switch tube and connected with the grid electrode of the ninth switch tube in parallel, and the source electrode of the seventh switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth switch tube; the source electrode of each first switch tube in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the source electrode of the ninth switch tube, and the drain electrode of each first switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth switch tube; the source electrode of a ninth switching tube in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the source electrode of the ninth switching tube in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump, and the source electrode of each ninth switching tube in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the drain electrode of an eighth switching tube in the next-order reconfigurable charge pump; in the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the source electrode of the seventh switch tube and the drain electrode of the ninth switch tube, and the source electrode of the ninth switch tube is used as the output end of the main charge pump unit to output the voltage VCP。
Furthermore, the main charge pump unit further comprises a flying capacitor sub-circuit, the flying capacitor sub-circuit comprises a flying capacitor, a tenth switching tube and a driving switch, and one end of the driving switch is connected with the drain electrode of the tenth switching tube through the flying capacitor; the second-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with one group of flying capacitor subcircuits, the third-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with two groups of flying capacitor subcircuits, one end of the first capacitor is connected with the other ends of the driving switches of the two groups of flying capacitor subcircuits, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the source electrode of the tenth switching tube of each group of flying capacitor subcircuits; the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected with four groups of flying capacitor subcircuits, one end of a second capacitor is connected with the source electrode of the tenth switching tube of each group of flying capacitor subcircuits, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the other end of the driving switch of each group of flying capacitor subcircuits;
the main charge pump unit further comprises inter-polar plate parasitic capacitors and a second switch, the other end of each first capacitor from the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with one end of one inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor, and the other end of each inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor is grounded; one end of each second capacitor in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with one end of one inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor, and the other end of each inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor is grounded; a second switch is connected between one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump and one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the second-stage reconfigurable charge pump; a second switch is connected between one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the third-order reconfigurable charge pump and one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump; and a second switch is connected between one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the fifth-order reconfigurable charge pump and one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump.
The invention also provides a method of using a photovoltaic cell micro-energy collection system on a chip, the method comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module generates photovoltaic voltage V under the condition of ambient lightPDIs input to the continuous MPPT module to generate an offset voltage VBIAS；
Step two: at a photovoltaic voltage VPDIs a power supply voltage according to a bias voltage VBIASControlling, assisting boost converter module to generate complementary clock signals phi and phi' and output voltage VCPA；
Step three: output voltage VCPAInput to the control signal generation module to generate an output voltage signal VENControlling the main boost converter module to start or stop to generate an output voltage signal VDISControlling the auxiliary boost converter module to start or close;
step four: the continuous MPPT module is based on the photovoltaic voltage VPDGenerating a high level output voltage to supply to the main boost converter module;
step five: main boost converter module with photovoltaic voltage VPDFor the input voltage, an output voltage V is generatedCP；
Step six: output voltage VCPInput to a voltage regulation module which generates a stable output voltage VoutAnd supplying power to the load.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention adopts a continuous MPPT technology based on an on-chip photovoltaic cell and charge pump combined dynamic model, the continuous MPPT module is always connected with the on-chip photovoltaic cell, and works in an open-loop continuous mode.
2. The main charge pump unit adopts the charge pump with an enhanced switch structure, and uses the enhanced switch to replace a common switch, so that the charge between nodes can be completely transferred when the clock signal of the charge pump is converted, the leakage current between each stage is reduced, and the cross-stage leakage current is greatly reduced compared with the traditional charge pump, thereby reducing the power consumption of the charge pump and improving the system efficiency.
3. The invention adopts the charge multiplexing technology in the main charge pump unit, and the voltage amplitude of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates is balanced to V before each step of flying capacitor is normally charged or dischargedPDAnd 2, the charge required for charging the parasitic capacitance between the polar plates is only half of the original charge, so that the dynamic power consumption of the charge pump caused by charging and discharging the parasitic capacitance between the polar plates of the flying capacitor is greatly reduced, the power consumption of the charge pump is reduced, and the conversion efficiency is increased.
4. In the invention, the auxiliary charge pump unit is an eight-order charge pump formed by a Pelliconi charge pump adopting a switch bootstrap technology, controls the swing of the grid voltage of the switch transistor and the time of switch conversion, improves the driving capability and prevents short-circuit loss. The circuit does not need to add extra clock signals, does not introduce extra parasitic capacitance, and has lower power consumption and higher conversion efficiency compared with the traditional structure.
5. The invention adds a voltage regulation module, and performs voltage-stabilizing regulation on the output voltage of the main charge pump unit by using the capacitor-free low-dropout linear voltage regulator, so that the system outputs the stable power supply voltage required by the load.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a micro-energy collection system using an on-chip photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module in a micro-energy collection system using on-chip photovoltaic cells according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a continuous MPPT module in a micro-energy collection system using an on-chip photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an auxiliary boost converter module in a micro-energy collection system using an on-chip photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an internal circuit of each stage of charge pump in an auxiliary boost converter module using an on-chip photovoltaic micro-energy harvesting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a control signal generating module in a micro-energy collecting system using an on-chip photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a primary charge pump unit in a micro-energy collection system using an on-chip photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a main boost converter module in a micro-energy collection system using on-chip photovoltaic cells according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a voltage regulation module in a micro-energy collection system using an on-chip photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a micro-energy collection system using on-chip photovoltaic cells includes an on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module 1, a continuous MPPT module 2, an auxiliary boost converter module 3, a control signal generation module 4, a main boost converter module 5, and a voltage regulation module 6, the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module 1 is connected with the continuous MPPT module 2, the auxiliary boost converter module 3, and the main boost converter module 5, and the continuous MPPT module 2, the auxiliary boost converter module 3, the control signal generation module 4, the main boost converter module 5, and the voltage regulation module 6 are connected in sequence. The on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module 1 generates a photovoltaic voltage V under ambient light conditionsPDIs input to the continuous MPPT module 2 to generate an offset voltage VBIAS(ii) a At a photovoltaic voltage VPDIs a power supply voltage according to a bias voltage VBIASControl, assist boost converter module 3 to generate complementary clock signals phi and phi' and output voltage VCPAOutput voltage VCPAInput to the control signal generation module 4 to generate the output voltage signal VENControlling the main boost converter module 5 to start or stop and generating an output voltage signal VDISControlling the auxiliary boost converter module 3 to start or close; the continuous MPPT module 2 is based on the photovoltaic voltage VPDGenerating a high level output voltage to supply to the main boost converter module 5; the main boost converter module 5 is supplied with a photovoltaic voltage VPDFor the input voltage, an output voltage V is generatedCPIs input to the voltage regulating module 6, and the voltage regulating module 6 generates a stable output voltage VoutAnd supplying power to the load. The structure and operation of each module are described in detail below.
As shown in FIG. 2, the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module 1 comprises an equivalent current source IphAn equivalent diode DdJunction capacitance C of photodiodephSimulating a manufacturing defectshAnd a resistance Rs. Equivalent current source IphRespectively with an equivalent diode DdAnode and junction capacitance CphOne terminal of (1), shunt resistor RshAnd a resistor RsIs connected to an equivalent current source IphRespectively with an equivalent diode DdCathode, junction capacitance CphAnother end of (1), shunt resistance RshAnd the other end of (3) and a resistor RsThe other end of the connecting rod is connected. Equivalent current source IphThe photovoltaic power generation device represents the photo-generated current of a photovoltaic cell under ambient light, and is arranged at the illumination intensity of 30klux, IphA value of 10 μ A; i isdTo flow through an equivalent diode DdCurrent of (I)shTo flow through a resistor RshThe current of (2). On-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module 1 simulates different output currents I generated under different illumination intensity conditionsPDAnd outputs a photovoltaic voltage VPDWherein the resistance RsAnother end of (1) outputs a current IPDResistance RsThe other end of (1) and a shunt resistor RshIs a photovoltaic voltage VPD。
Fig. 1 is combined with fig. 3, and the continuous MPPT technology enables the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module 1 and other modules to be always in a connected state, so that the power consumption is lower compared with the discontinuous MPPT technology. The continuous MPPT module 2 includes a voltage detection unit 201, a first level shifter 202, and a self-adjusting reference current generation unit 203, wherein an output end of the voltage detection unit 201 is connected to an input end of the first level shifter 202, and input ends of the voltage detection unit 201 and the self-adjusting reference current generation unit 203 are connected to an output end of the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module 1. The voltage detection unit 201 includes four level detectors with different trigger voltages, which are respectively 0.25V, 0.31V, 0.37V, and 0.42V, and divides the MPPT module 2 into five different operating regions, where less than 0.25V is the first region, 0.25V to 0.31V is the second region, 0.31V to 0.37V is the third region, 0.37V to 0.42V is the fourth region, and more than 0.42V is the fifth region. Voltage detection unit 201 for photovoltaic voltage VPDDetecting and judgingCutting off the corresponding working area and outputting a marking voltage VT25、VT31、VT37、VT42And their reverse voltage V'T25、V’T31、V’T37、V’T42. These voltages are then input to the first level shifter 202, and a high level output voltage is output including VT25H、VT31H、VT37H、VT42H、V’T25H、V’T31H、V’T37H、V’T42HTo the subsequent main boost converter module 5 and the control signal generation module 4.
In addition, with continued reference to fig. 3, the self-regulated reference current generating unit 203 comprises a PMOS transistor P1, an NMOS transistor N1, and an NMOS transistor N2, wherein the source of the PMOS transistor P1 receives the photovoltaic voltage VPDThe drain of PMOS transistor P1 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor N1, and the current on the connection line is the reference current IrefThe source of the NMOS transistor N1 is connected with the drain of the NMOS transistor N2, the source of the NMOS transistor N2 is grounded, the gates of the PMOS transistor P1, the NMOS transistor N1 and the NMOS transistor N2 are all connected, the drain of the PMOS transistor P1 is connected with the gate, and the voltage at the gate of the PMOS transistor P1 is the bias voltage VBIASBias voltage VBIASTo the auxiliary boost converter module 3 and the main boost converter module 5. The self-adjusting reference current generation unit 203 is mainly based on the input photovoltaic voltage VPDGenerating a reference current IrefAnd generates a bias voltage VBIASTo the auxiliary boost converter module 3 and the main boost converter module 5.
Fig. 1 is combined with fig. 4, the auxiliary boost converter module 3 includes an auxiliary charge pump unit 301 and an auxiliary oscillator unit 302, an input terminal of the auxiliary charge pump unit 301 is connected to an output terminal of the voltage detection unit 201, an input terminal of the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is connected to an output terminal of the self-regulated reference current generation unit 203, and an output terminal of the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is connected to an input terminal of the auxiliary charge pump unit 301. Firstly, when the photovoltaic voltage V isPDWhen the light intensity increases to 0.17V, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 starts and operates at the input photovoltaic voltage VPDAnd a bias voltage VBIASUnder the control of (3), generating a corresponding frequencyComplementary clock signals phi and phi' of frequency range from 1.5kHz to 500kHz in five working regions and voltage amplitude VPD. Then, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 generates complementary clock signals Φ and Φ' to be input to each stage of charge pump, the auxiliary charge pump unit 301 is an eight-stage charge pump formed by Pelliconi charge pumps using switch bootstrap technology, and each stage of charge pump receives the photovoltaic voltage V output by the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module 1PDThe eighth order charge pump output voltage VCPA. The circuit structure of each stage of charge pump is the same, and the first stage of charge pump is taken as an example for description.
As shown in fig. 5, the circuit structure of each stage of charge pump is the same, and each stage of charge pump includes four NMOS transistors numbered N, N ', Nb, N ' b, four PMOS transistors numbered P, P ', Pb, P ' b, two flying capacitors C, C ', and four transistors numbered Cn、C’n、Cp、C’pAnd four NMOS transistors, Nb, N' b, C, numbered N3-N6n、C’nForm a capacitive level shifter, Pb, P' b, Cp、C’pAnother capacitive level shifter is constructed so that the voltages applied to the gates and sources of NMOS transistor N, NMOS, PMOS transistor P, and PMOS transistor P' are independent of the charge pump node, and the voltage amplitudes V of the complementary clock signals Φ and ΦPDAnd (5) controlling.
The source electrode of the NMOS tube N, the source electrode of the NMOS tube Nb, the drain electrode N 'of the NMOS tube and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N' b are all connected, the connection node is used as an input end to be connected with the charge pump of the previous stage, the grid electrode of the NMOS tube N is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Nb, and the grid electrode of the NMOS tube N 'is connected with the source electrode of the NMOS tube N' b; the source electrode of the PMOS tube P, the source electrode of the PMOS tube Pb, the drain electrode of the PMOS tube P 'and the drain electrode of the PMOS tube P' b are all connected, the connection node is used as an output end to be connected with a charge pump of the next stage, the grid electrode of the PMOS tube P is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS tube Pb, and the grid electrode of the PMOS tube P 'is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS tube P' b; the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS tube P and is respectively connected with the source electrode of the NMOS tube N3 and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N4 through a flying capacitor C; the source electrode of the NMOS tube N 'is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS tube P' through a flying spanThe capacitor C' is respectively connected with the source electrode of the NMOS tube N5 and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N6; the gates of the NMOS transistor N4 and the NMOS transistor N6 both receive a clock signal phi, the gates of the NMOS transistor N3 and the NMOS transistor N5 both receive a clock signal phi, and the source of the NMOS transistor N4 and the drain of the NMOS transistor N5 both receive a photovoltaic voltage VPD。
The grid voltage of the NMOS transistor N is V when the clock signal phi is at a high levelINV when the clock signal phi is at a low levelIN+VPDThe gate voltage of the NMOS transistor P is V when the clock signal phi is at a high levelO-VPDV when the clock signal phi is at a low levelOWhen the clock signal phi is at low level, the NMOS transistor N is conducted with the PMOS transistor P ', when the clock signal phi is at high level, the PMOS transistor P is conducted with the NMOS transistor N', and the clock signal phi is changed from low level to high level instantly to obtain the equation VO＝VIN+VPDI.e. each step of the charge pump output voltage increases by V compared to the input voltagePD. The input voltage of the auxiliary charge pump unit 301 is the photovoltaic voltage VPDAfter being boosted by the eight-step charge pump, the auxiliary boost converter module 3 obtains nine times VPDOutput voltage V ofCPA. The switch bootstrap technique can control the change of the grid voltage and the switch conversion time, improve the driving capability and reduce the short-circuit loss.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 6, the output terminal of the first level shifter 202 and the output terminal of the auxiliary charge pump unit 301 are both connected to the input terminal of the control signal generating module 4, and one output terminal of the control signal generating module 4 is connected to the input terminal of the auxiliary oscillator unit 302. As shown in fig. 6, the control signal generating module 4 includes a first switch K1, a first switch K2, an exclusive or gate YH1, an inverter F1, four sequentially numbered two-way selectors XZ1 to XZ4, and sequentially numbered level detectors V1 to V6 with six different trigger voltages, the trigger voltages of the level detectors V1 to V6 are 1.1V, 1.3V, 1.5V, 1.7V, 1.9V, and 2.1V, the input terminals of the level detectors V1 and V2, the end of the first switch K1, and the end of the first switch K2 all receive the output voltage V of the auxiliary boost converter module 3CPAThe input terminals of the level detector V3 and the level detector V4 are connectedIs connected in parallel with the other end of the first switch K1, the trigger terminal of the first switch K1 is connected with the output terminal of the exclusive-or gate YH1, and two input terminals of the exclusive-or gate YH1 respectively receive the high-level output voltage V output by the first level shifter 202T31HAnd VT37H(ii) a The input terminals of the level detector V5 and the level detector V6 are connected in parallel with the other terminal of the first switch K2, and the trigger terminal of the first switch K2 receives the high level output voltage V output by the first level shifter 202T37H(ii) a The first switches are of the same type, and K1 and K2 are labels for distinguishing the two first switches.
A first input end of the multiplexer XZ1 is connected with an output end of the level detector V1, a first input end of the multiplexer XZ2 is connected with an output end of the level detector V2, a first input end of the multiplexer XZ3 is connected with an output end of the level detector V3, and a second input end of the multiplexer XZ3 is connected with an output end of the level detector V5; a first input terminal of the multiplexer XZ4 is connected to the output terminal of the level detector V4, and a second input terminal of the multiplexer XZ4 is connected to the output terminal of the level detector V6; the output end of the multiplexer XZ3 is connected with the second input end of the multiplexer XZ 1; the output end of the multiplexer XZ4 is connected with the second input end of the multiplexer XZ 2; the channel selection terminals of the multiplexers XZ1 and XZ2 both receive the high-level output voltage V output by the first level shifter 202T31H(ii) a The channel selection terminals of the multiplexers XZ3 and XZ4 both receive the high-level output voltage V output by the first level shifter 202T37H(ii) a The input end of the inverter F1 is connected with the output end of the multiplexer XZ2, and the output end of the inverter F1 outputs a voltage signal VDISThe output end of the multiplexer XZ1 outputs a voltage signal VEN。
The control signal generation module 4 of the present invention mainly functions to generate VENAnd VCPAFor controlling the main oscillator unit 502 and the auxiliary oscillator unit 302, when the system output voltage of the present invention satisfies the load requirement, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 or the main oscillator unit 502 is turned off, and when the system output voltage does not satisfy the load requirement, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 or the main oscillator unit 502 is turned on again to reduce the total power consumption of the system. The control signal generation module 4 of the invention generates a control signal according to the photovoltaic voltage VPDThe control signal generation module 4 is divided into three cases when the photovoltaic voltage V is appliedPDWhen the voltage is less than 0.31V, the lower limit voltage is set to be 1.1V, and the upper limit voltage is set to be 1.3V; when photovoltaic voltage VPDWhen the voltage is between 0.31V and 0.37V, the lower limit voltage is set to be 1.5V, and the upper limit voltage is set to be 1.7V; when photovoltaic voltage VPDIf the voltage exceeds 0.37V, the lower limit voltage is set to 1.9V and the upper limit voltage is set to 2.1V. In the first case, the photovoltaic voltage VPDLess than 0.31V, the high level output voltage V output by the first level shifter 202T31H、VT37HAll are low level, the four alternative multiplexers finally select the level detector V1 and the level detector V2 to output when the input V is low levelCPALess than 1.1V, the level detector V1 and the level detector V2 are both low, so the output voltage V is lowENIs at low level, outputs a voltage signal VDISAt high, the master oscillator unit 502 is turned off and the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is turned on; v due to the start-up of the auxiliary oscillator unit 302CPAContinue to rise as V is inputCPAWhen the voltage is larger than 1.1V and smaller than 1.3V, the level detector V1At a high level, a level detector V2Is low level, so the output voltage VENIs at high level, outputs a voltage signal VDISAt a high level, the main oscillator unit 502 is started, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is started, and the main boost converter module 5 starts to work; v due to the start-up of the auxiliary oscillator unit 302CPAContinue to rise as V is inputCPAAbove 1.3V, both level detector V1 and level detector V2 are high, so the output voltage V is highENIs at high level, outputs a voltage signal VDISAt low level, the main oscillator unit 502 is turned on and the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is turned off, causing the auxiliary boost converter module 3 to stop operating, VCPAStarts to fall and when falling below 1.3V, the level detector V2At a low level, VDISAt high level, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is restarted, VCPAContinues to rise again, so that VCPAWill always be maintained at around 1.3V. In the second case, the photovoltaic voltage VPDBetween 0.31V and 0.37V, VT31HAt a high level VT37HFor low level, four one-out-of-two multiplexers finally select the level detector V3Sum level detector V4Carry out output when V is inputtedCPAWhen the voltage is less than 1.5V, the level detector V3Sum level detector V4Are all low level, so the output voltage VENAt a low level, VDISAt high, the master oscillator unit 502 is turned off and the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is turned on; v due to the start-up of the auxiliary oscillator unit 302CPAContinue to rise as V is inputCPAWhen the voltage is larger than 1.5V and smaller than 1.7V, the level detector V3At a high level, a level detector V4Is low level, so the output voltage VENAt a high level, VDISAt a high level, the main oscillator unit 502 is started, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is started, and the main boost converter module 5 starts to work; v due to the start-up of the auxiliary oscillator unit 302CPAContinue to rise as V is inputCPAWhen the voltage is larger than 1.7V, the level detector V3Sum level detector V4Are all high level, so that the output voltage VENAt a high level, VDISAt low level, the main oscillator unit 502 is turned on and the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is turned off, causing the auxiliary boost converter module 3 to stop operating, VCPAStarts to fall and when falling below 1.7V, the level detector V4At a low level, VDISAt high level, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is restarted, VCPAContinues to rise again, so that VCPAWill always be maintained at around 1.7V. In the third case, the photovoltaic voltage VPDGreater than 0.37V, VT31H、VT37HAll of which are high level, four one-out-of-two multiplexers finally select the level detector V5Sum level detector V6Carry out output when V is inputtedCPAWhen the voltage is less than 1.9V, the level detector V5Sum level detector V6Are all low level, so the output voltage VENAt a low level VDISAt high, the master oscillator unit 502 is turned off and the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is turned on; v due to the start-up of the auxiliary oscillator unit 302CPAContinue to rise as V is inputCPAWhen the voltage is larger than 1.9V and smaller than 2.1V, the level detector V5At a high level, a level detector V6Is low level, so the output voltage VENAt a high level, VDISAt a high level, the main oscillator unit 502 is started, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is started, and the main boost converter module 5 starts to work; v due to the start-up of the auxiliary oscillator unit 302CPAContinue to rise as V is inputCPAWhen the voltage is larger than 2.1V, the level detector V5Sum level detector V6Are all high level, so that the output voltage VENAt a high level VDISAt low level, the main oscillator unit 502 is turned on and the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is turned off, causing the auxiliary boost converter module 3 to stop operating, VCPAStarts to fall and when falling below 2.1V, the level detector V6At a low level, VDISAt high level, the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 is restarted, VCPAContinues to rise again, so that VCPAWill always be maintained at around 2.1V.
Referring to fig. 1 in conjunction with fig. 7, the main boost converter module 5 includes a main charge pump unit 501, a main oscillator unit 502, a second level shifter 503, and a non-overlap clock generation unit 504, an input end of the main oscillator unit 502 is connected to another output end of the control signal generation module 4, an output end of the self-adjusting reference current generation unit 203, an output end of the on-chip pv cell equivalent module 1, and an output end of the voltage detection unit 201, an output end of the main oscillator unit 502 is connected to an input end of the non-overlap clock generation unit 504, the second level shifter 503, and the main oscillator unit 502 are sequentially connected, and an input end of the main oscillator unit 502 is connected to an output end of the first level shifter 202 and an output end of the on-chip pv cell equivalent module 1.
With reference to fig. 7, the main charge pump unit 501 includes a six-stage reconfigurable charge pump, the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-stage reconfigurable charge pump are sequentially connected, the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump to the third-stage reconfigurable charge pump each include a first charge pump base unit 7 and a plurality of enhancement switches 8, the fourth-stage reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-stage reconfigurable charge pump each include a second charge pump base unit 9 and a plurality of enhancement switches 8, one enhancement switch 8 is connected between the input end and the output end of each first charge pump base unit 7, and one enhancement switch 8 is connected between the input end and the output end of each second charge pump base unit 9.
The first charge pump base unit 7 comprises first to fourth switching tubes 71 to 74 and a first capacitor 75, wherein the source of the first switching tube 71 is connected with one end of the first capacitor 75, the other end of the first capacitor 75 is connected with the drain of the second switching tube 13 72 and the source of the third switching tube 73, the drain of the fourth switching tube 74 is connected with the source of the second switching tube 13 72, and the source of the fourth switching tube 74 is connected with the drain of the first switching tube 71; an enhancement switch 8 is connected between the source electrode and the drain electrode of each first switch tube 71; the drains of the first switch tube 71 in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected together, the drains of the third switch tube 73 in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected together, and the sources of the fourth switch tube 74 in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected together; photovoltaic voltage V is input to a connecting line from the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump to the drain electrode of the first switching tube 71 and the source electrode of the fourth switching tube 74PD。
The second charge pump base unit 9 comprises a fifth switching tube 91, a sixth switching tube 92 and a second capacitor 93, one end of the second capacitor 93 is connected with the source electrode of the fifth switching tube 91 and the drain electrode of the sixth switching tube 92, the drain electrode of the fifth switching tube 91 in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the drain electrode of the third switching tube 73 in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump, and the source electrode of the sixth switching tube 92 in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the source electrode of the fourth switching tube 74 in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump; an enhanced switch 8 is connected between the other end of the second capacitor 93 in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump and the source electrode of the first switch tube 71 in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump; in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump, the drains of all the fifth switching tubes 91 are connected together, the sources of all the sixth switching tubes 92 are connected together, and an enhancement switch 8 is connected between the other end of the second capacitor 93 in each order reconfigurable charge pump and the other end of the second capacitor 93 in the adjacent reconfigurable charge pump; the other end of the second capacitor 93 in the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with an enhanced switch 8.
The enhancement switch 8 comprises a seventh switch tube 81, an eighth switch tube 82 and a ninth switch tube 83, wherein the drain electrode of the seventh switch tube 81 is connected with the drain electrode of the eighth switch tube 82 and connected with the grid electrode of the ninth switch tube 83 in parallel, and the source electrode of the seventh switch tube 81 is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth switch tube 83; the source electrode of each first switch tube 71 in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the source electrode of the ninth switch tube 83, and the drain electrode of each first switch tube 71 is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth switch tube 83; the source electrode of a ninth switching tube 83 in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the source electrode of the ninth switching tube 83 in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump, and the source electrode of each ninth switching tube 83 in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the drain electrode of an eighth switching tube 82 in the next-order reconfigurable charge pump; in the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump, the other end of the second capacitor 93 is connected to the source of the seventh switch 81 and the drain of the ninth switch 83, and the source of the ninth switch 83 is used as the output end of the main charge pump unit 501 to output the voltage VCP。
The main charge pump unit 501 further includes a flying capacitor sub-circuit 11, the flying capacitor sub-circuit 11 includes a flying capacitor 111, a tenth switching tube 112 and a driving switch 113, and one end of the driving switch 113 is connected to the drain of the tenth switching tube 112 through the flying capacitor 111; the second-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with one group of flying capacitor subcircuits 11, the third-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with two groups of flying capacitor subcircuits 11, one end of the first capacitor 75 is connected with the other ends of the driving switches 113 of the two groups of flying capacitor subcircuits 11, and the other end of the first capacitor 75 is connected with the source electrode of the tenth switching tube 112 of each group of flying capacitor subcircuits 11; the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected to four sets of flying capacitor sub-circuits 11, one end of the second capacitor 93 is connected to the source of the tenth switching tube 112 of each set of flying capacitor sub-circuits 11, and the other end of the second capacitor 93 is connected to the other end of the driving switch 113 of each set of flying capacitor sub-circuits 11.
The main charge pump unit 501 further includes inter-plate parasitic capacitors 12 and a second switch 13, the other end of each first capacitor 75 from the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected to one end of one inter-plate parasitic capacitor 12, and the other end of each inter-plate parasitic capacitor 12 is grounded; one end of each second capacitor 93 in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with one end of one inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor 12, and the other end of each inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor 12 is grounded; a second switch 13 is connected between one end of the inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor 12 of the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump and one end of the inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor 12 of the second-stage reconfigurable charge pump; a second switch 13 is connected between one end of the inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor 12 of the third-order reconfigurable charge pump and one end of the inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor 12 of the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump; a second switch 13 is connected between one end of the interpole parasitic capacitor 12 of the fifth-order reconfigurable charge pump and one end of the interpole parasitic capacitor 12 of the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump.
Fig. 7 above is for explaining and clarifying the connection relationship of the devices of the main charge pump unit 501, and fig. 8 below is for clearly describing the operation principle of the main charge pump unit 501, and the operation principle and the process are described by numbering each device with a letter and marking a driving voltage on each tube. As shown in fig. 8, when V isENAt high level, the NMOS transistor N7 is turned on, the master oscillator unit 502 starts to start, and the photovoltaic voltage V is appliedPDAnd a bias voltage VBIASUnder the control of (3), generating complementary clock signals phi of corresponding frequencies0And phi'0Within five working regions, the frequency range is about 100Hz to 150kHz, and the voltage amplitude is VPD. Then, complementary clock signals phi0And phi'0Input to the non-overlap clock generation unit 504, and output a non-overlap clock signal phi1、Φ’1、Φ2、Φ’2Then, the high level clock signal Φ is obtained through the second level shifter 5031H、Φ’1H、Φ2H、Φ’2HTheir voltage amplitude is equal to the supply voltage of the second level shifter 503, i.e. VCPAThen the high level clock signal phi1HAnd phi2HHigh level clock signal phi via NOR gate NOR processing3HIts voltage amplitude is also equal to VCPA. Will phi1H、Φ’1H、Φ2H、Φ’2H、Φ3HThe main charge pump unit 501 is supplied as a switching control signal.
The main charge pump unit 501 is a reconfigurable six-stage charge pump formed by Dickson charge pumps, an enhanced switch is used between each stage of charge pump to replace a common switch to reduce leakage current between each stage, and a charge multiplexing technology is adopted to reduce dynamic power consumption caused by charging and discharging of a plate parasitic capacitor of a flying capacitor of the charge pump. The main charge pump unit 501 includes KN0-KN7Total eight nodes, KN0As an input node, KN1-KN6First to sixth order charge pump nodes, KN, respectively7Is an output node, and CSIs an energy storage capacitor. According to continuous MPPT module 2 output voltage VT25H、VT31H、VT37H、VT42H、V’T25H、V’T31H、V’T37H、V’T42HTo adjust the output voltage gain of the main charge pump unit 501 and the capacitance of the flying capacitor of each stage of charge pump when operating in the first region, i.e., VPDWhen less than 0.25V, VT25H、VT31H、VT37H、VT42HAll are low level, the switch tubes SN1, SN3 and SN5 are cut off, the switch tubes SN2, SN4 and SN6 are conducted, KN1-KN6The charge pumps of the nodes all work normally, the gain of the output voltage of the main charge pump unit 501 is seven times, and the capacitance value of the flying capacitor of each stage of charge pump is the minimum; when operating in the second region, i.e. VPDAt 0.25V to 0.31V, VT25HAt a high level, VT31H、VT37H、VT42HAll are low level, the switch tubes SN2, SN3 and SN5 are cut off, the switch tubes SN1, SN4 and SN6 are conducted, KN1Charge pump inoperative at node, KN2-KN6The charge pump of the node normally works, and the gain of the output voltage of the main charge pump unit 501 is six times; similarly, when working in the third region, i.e. VPDAt 0.31V to 0.37V, the gain of the output voltage is five times, and when the power amplifier is operated in the fourth area, namely VPDAt 0.37V to 0.42V, the gain of the output voltage is four times, and when the voltage converter works in the fifth area, namely VPDAbove 0.42V, the output voltage gain is still four times.
The invention uses enhancement switches to replace common switches between charge pumps of each stage, and seven enhancement switches are used in total, wherein the first enhancement switch is composed of MOS tubes M1, M2 and M3, the second enhancement switch is composed of MOS tubes M4, M5 and M6, the third enhancement switch is composed of MOS tubes M7, M8 and M9, the fourth enhancement switch is composed of MOS tubes M10, M11 and M12, the fifth enhancement switch is composed of MOS tubes M13, M14 and M15, the sixth enhancement switch is composed of MOS tubes M16, M17 and M18, and the seventh enhancement switch is composed of MOS tubes M19, M20 and M21, wherein the MOS tubes M2, M5, M8, M11, M14, M16 and M20 are PMOS tubes, and the rest are NMOS tubes. When phi is1HAt a low level, i.e. phi2HWhen the voltage is high, the MOS transistor M2 is turned on, the MOS transistor M3 is turned off, and therefore the MOS transistor M1 is turned on; MOS transistor M5 is turned off, MOS transistor M6 is turned on, and MOS transistor M4 is turned off; MOS transistor M8 is turned on, MOS transistor M9 is turned off, so MOS transistor M7 is turned on; MOS transistor M11 is cut off, MOS transistor M12 is turned on, so MOS transistor M10 is cut off; MOS transistor M14 is turned on, MOS transistor M15 is turned off, so MOS transistor M13 is turned on; MOS transistor M17 is cut off, MOS transistor M18 is turned on, so MOS transistor M16 is cut off; MOS pipe M20 switches on, and MOS pipe M21 cuts off, so MOS pipe M19 switches on, and KN0 node charges to KN1 node this moment, and KN2 node charges to KN3 node, and KN4 node charges to KN5 node, and KN6 node charges to KN7 node. When phi is1HAt a high level i.e. + -.)2HWhen the voltage is low, the MOS transistor M2 is turned off, and the MOS transistor M3 is turned on, so that the MOS transistor M1 is turned off; MOS transistor M5 is turned on, MOS transistor M6 is turned off, so MOS transistor M4 is turned on; MOS transistor M8 is cut off, MOS transistor M9 is turned on, so MOS transistor M7 is cut off; MOS transistor M11 is turned on, MOS transistor M12 is turned off, so MOS transistor M10 is turned on; MOS transistor M14 is cut off, MOS transistor M15 is turned on, so MOS transistor M13 is cut off; MOS transistor M17 is turned on, MOS transistor M18 is turned off, so MOS transistor M16 is turned on; MOS pipe M20 cuts off, and MOS pipe M21 switches on, so MOS pipe M19 cuts off, and KN1 node charges to KN2 node, and KN3 node charges to KN4 node, and KN5 node charges to KN6 node at this moment. Compared with the common switch, the enhanced switch can realize the charge between the nodes when the clock signal of the charge pump is convertedThe transfer is complete, so that the leakage current between each stage of charge pump is reduced significantly.
The invention also uses charge multiplexing technology to reduce the dynamic power consumption caused by charging and discharging of the parasitic capacitance of the polar plate of the flying capacitor of the charge pump. Because each step of flying capacitor of the charge pump in the actual circuit always has a polar plate parasitic capacitor, the equivalent polar plate parasitic capacitor C is added in the main charge pump unit 501a1、Ca2、Ca3、Ca4、Ca5、Ca6Are each KN1、KN2、KN3、KN4、KN5、KN6The parasitic capacitance of the polar plate of the flying capacitor of the node is charged along with the change of the clock signal in the working process of the charge pump until the voltage amplitude of the parasitic capacitance of the polar plate is equal to VPDAnd then discharged again until its voltage amplitude is equal to 0V, repeating the process, and the charge of the plate parasitic capacitance is effectively wasted. The invention passes non-overlapping high-level clock signals phi1HAnd phi2HHigh level clock signal phi via NOR gate NOR processing3HI.e. when phi1HAnd phi2HWhen all are at low level, phi3HAt high level, the flying capacitor of each stage is in neither charging nor discharging state, phi3HMake the second switch S high1、S2、S3Closure, Ca1And Ca2Connection, Ca3And Ca4Connection, Ca5And Ca6Is connected so that Ca1、Ca2、Ca3、Ca4、Ca5、Ca6Has a voltage amplitude balanced to VPD2; when phi is1HOr phi2HWhen it becomes high, phi3HBecomes low level, the second switch S1、S2、S3The flying capacitor of each step is disconnected, the charging or discharging state of the flying capacitor is recovered, and the voltage amplitude of the parasitic capacitor of the polar plate is only required to be VPD/2 is charged to VPDOr from VPDDischarge to 0V,/2; thus, the voltage amplitude of the parasitic capacitance of the polar plate is equal to the voltage amplitude of the parasitic capacitance of the polar plate before each stage of the flying capacitor is normally charged or dischargedWill be balanced to VPDAnd 2, the charge required for charging the parasitic capacitance of the polar plate is only half of the original charge, so that the dynamic power consumption caused by charging and discharging the parasitic capacitance of the polar plate of the flying capacitor of the charge pump is greatly reduced.
Therefore, the main boost converter module 5 of the present invention is used for analyzing the working area according to the magnitude of the input photovoltaic voltage VPD and outputting the corresponding output voltage VCPTo the voltage regulation module 6.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 9, the input terminal of the voltage regulation module 6 is connected to the output terminal of the main charge pump unit 501, and the output terminal of the voltage regulation module 6 is connected to the load. The voltage regulation module 6 includes a reference voltage generator 601, a third-order charge pump 602, and a capless low dropout regulator 603, where the input terminals of the reference voltage generator 601, the third-order charge pump 602, and the capless low dropout regulator 603 are all connected to the output terminal of the main boost converter module 5, and the output terminals of the reference voltage generator 601 and the third-order charge pump 602 are connected to the input terminal of the capless low dropout regulator 603. Voltage regulation module 6 for regulating the output voltage V of the main boost converter module 5CPAs input, the reference voltage generator 601 generates a reference voltage Vref to be supplied to the capless LDO 603, and the third-order charge pump 602 generates a high output voltage VCPDThe output voltage V of the main boost converter module 5 as the power supply voltage of the capless LDO 603CPThe voltage is stabilized by a capacitor-free low dropout linear regulator 603 to finally generate a system output voltage Vout。
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module 1 generates a photovoltaic voltage V under ambient light conditionsPDThe bias voltage V is generated by the input to the self-regulated reference current generation unit 203BIAS；
At a photovoltaic voltage VPDIs a power supply voltage according to a bias voltage VBIASControlling the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 to generate complementary clock signals Φ and Φ', starting the auxiliary charge pump unit 301 to generate the output voltage VCPA；
Output voltage VCPAInput to the control signal generation module 4 to generate the output voltage signal VENControls the master oscillator unit 502 to start or stop and outputs a voltage signal VDISControl the auxiliary oscillator unit 302 to turn on or off;
the voltage detection unit 201 detects the photovoltaic voltage VPDGenerating an output voltage VT25、VT31、VT37、VT42And their reverse voltage V'T25、V’T31、V’T37、V’T42After being processed by the first level shifter 202, the high level output voltage V is generatedT25H、VT31H、VT37H、VT42H、V’T25H、V’T31H、V’T37H、V’T42HA supply main charge pump unit 501;
at a photovoltaic voltage VPDFor inputting a voltage, the master oscillator unit 502, the non-overlap clock generating unit 504, and the second level shifter 503 are sequentially operated to generate a high level clock signal Φ1H、Φ’1H、Φ2H、Φ’2H、Φ3HThe high-level output voltage V is provided to the main charge pump unit 501 as a switch control signal and is generated by the first level shifter 202T25H、VT31H、VT37H、VT42H、V’T25H、V’T31H、V’T37H、V’T42HThe gain of the main charge pump unit 501 and the capacitance values of the flying capacitors of each stage are converted, and the main charge pump unit 501 generates an output voltage VCP；
The main charge pump unit 501 outputs a voltage VCPInput into the voltage regulating module 6 to finally generate the high-efficiency and stable output voltage VoutI.e., the output voltage of the micro energy harvesting system, to power the load.
Through the technical scheme, the system and the method for collecting micro energy by using the on-chip photovoltaic cell provided by the invention adopt the continuous MPPT technology based on the on-chip photovoltaic cell and charge pump combined dynamic model, and have lower power consumption and better performance. The main charge pump unit 501 adopts an enhanced switch structure charge pump, which greatly reduces the step-by-step leakage current compared with the conventional charge pump, thereby reducing the power consumption of the charge pump. And a charge multiplexing technology is also adopted, so that the dynamic power consumption caused by charging and discharging of a polar plate parasitic capacitor of the flying capacitor of the charge pump is greatly reduced, the power consumption of the charge pump is reduced, and the conversion efficiency is increased. In addition, a switch bootstrap technique is adopted in the auxiliary charge pump unit 301 to improve the driving capability and prevent short-circuit loss. Finally, a voltage regulation module 6 is added to regulate the output voltage of the main charge pump unit 501 in a voltage-stabilizing manner, so that the system outputs a stable power supply voltage required by the load.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The micro-energy collection system using the on-chip photovoltaic cell is characterized by comprising an on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module, a continuous MPPT module, an auxiliary boost converter module, a control signal generation module, a main boost converter module and a voltage regulation module, wherein the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module is respectively connected with the continuous MPPT module, the auxiliary boost converter module and the main boost converter module;
the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module generates photovoltaic voltage V under the condition of ambient lightPDIs input to the continuous MPPT module to generate an offset voltage VBIAS(ii) a At a photovoltaic voltage VPDIs a power supply voltage according to a bias voltage VBIASControlling, assisting boost converter module to generate complementary clock signals phi and phi' and output voltage VCPAOutput voltage VCPAInput to the control signal generation module to generate output voltageSignal VENControlling the main boost converter module to start or stop to generate an output voltage signal VDISControlling the auxiliary boost converter module to start or close; the continuous MPPT module is based on the photovoltaic voltage VPDGenerating a high level output voltage to supply to the main boost converter module; main boost converter module with photovoltaic voltage VPDFor the input voltage, an output voltage V is generatedCPInput to a voltage regulation module which generates a stable output voltage VoutAnd supplying power to the load.
2. The micro energy collection system using the on-chip photovoltaic cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the continuous MPPT module comprises a voltage detection unit, a first level shifter and a self-adjusting reference current generation unit, wherein an output terminal of the voltage detection unit is connected to an input terminal of the first level shifter, and input terminals of the voltage detection unit and the self-adjusting reference current generation unit are connected to an output terminal of the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module; the auxiliary boost converter module comprises an auxiliary charge pump unit and an auxiliary oscillator unit, wherein the input end of the auxiliary charge pump unit is connected with the output end of the voltage detection unit, the input end of the auxiliary oscillator unit is connected with the output end of the self-regulation reference current generation unit, and the output end of the auxiliary oscillator unit is connected with the input end of the auxiliary charge pump unit; the output end of the first level shifter and the output end of the auxiliary charge pump unit are both connected with the input end of the control signal generation module, and one output end of the control signal generation module is connected with the input end of the auxiliary oscillator unit;
the main boost converter module comprises a main charge pump unit, a main oscillator unit, a second level shifter and a non-overlapping clock generation unit, wherein the input end of the main oscillator unit is connected with the other output end of the control signal generation module, the output end of the self-adjusting reference current generation unit, the output end of the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module and the output end of the voltage detection unit;
the input end of the voltage adjusting module is connected with the output end of the main charge pump unit, and the output end of the voltage adjusting module is connected with the load.
3. The micro energy collection system using the on-chip photovoltaic cell as claimed in claim 2, wherein the voltage detection unit comprises four level detectors with different trigger voltages, the trigger voltages are 0.25V, 0.31V, 0.37V and 0.42V, and the output terminals of the four level detectors with different trigger voltages are connected to the first level shifter;
each level detector divides the continuous MPPT module into five different working areas according to different trigger voltages and applies the working areas to photovoltaic voltage VPDDetecting, judging corresponding working regions, and respectively outputting mark voltages VT25、VT31、VT37、VT42And their reverse voltage V'T25、V′T31、V′T37、V′T42Then, these voltages are inputted to a first level shifter which outputs a high level output voltage VT25H、VT31H、VT37H、VT42H、V′T25H、V′T31H、V′T37H、V′T42HSupplying the driving voltage to the subsequent main boost converter module and the control signal generation module as the driving voltage of the switch tube and the switch;
the self-regulating reference current generation unit comprises a PMOS tube P1, an NMOS tube N1 and an NMOS tube N2, wherein the source electrode of the PMOS tube P1 receives a photovoltaic voltage VPDThe drain of PMOS transistor P1 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor N1, and the current on the connection line is the reference current IrefThe source of the NMOS transistor N1 is connected with the drain of the NMOS transistor N2, the source of the NMOS transistor N2 is grounded, the gates of the PMOS transistor P1, the NMOS transistor N1 and the NMOS transistor N2 are all connected, the drain of the PMOS transistor P1 is connected with the gate, and the voltage at the gate of the PMOS transistor P1 is the bias voltage VBIASIs offset fromVoltage VBIASTo the auxiliary boost converter module and the main boost converter module.
4. The micro-energy collection system using on-chip photovoltaic cells as claimed in claim 2, wherein the auxiliary charge pump unit is an eight-stage charge pump formed by Pelliconi charge pumps using switch bootstrap technique, each stage of charge pump receiving the photovoltaic voltage V outputted by the equivalent module of the on-chip photovoltaic cellsPDThe eighth order charge pump output voltage VCPA(ii) a The auxiliary oscillator unit generates complementary clock signals phi and phi 'and outputs the complementary clock signals phi and phi' to each stage of charge pump;
the circuit structure of each stage of charge pump is completely the same, and each stage of charge pump comprises four NMOS tubes numbered N, N ', Nb and N ' b, four PMOS tubes numbered P, P ', Pb and P ' b, two flying capacitors C, C ' and four flying capacitors numbered Cn、C’n、Cp、C’pAnd four NMOS transistors, Nb, N' b, C, numbered N3-N6n、C’nForm a capacitive level shifter, Pb, P' b, Cp、C’pConstituting another capacitive level shifter;
the source electrode of the NMOS tube N, the source electrode of the NMOS tube Nb, the drain electrode N 'of the NMOS tube and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N' b are all connected, the connection node is used as an input end to be connected with the charge pump of the previous stage, the grid electrode of the NMOS tube N is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Nb, and the grid electrode of the NMOS tube N 'is connected with the source electrode of the NMOS tube N' b; the source electrode of the PMOS tube P, the source electrode of the PMOS tube Pb, the drain electrode of the PMOS tube P 'and the drain electrode of the PMOS tube P' b are all connected, the connection node is used as an output end to be connected with a charge pump of the next stage, the grid electrode of the PMOS tube P is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS tube Pb, and the grid electrode of the PMOS tube P 'is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS tube P' b; the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS tube P and is respectively connected with the source electrode of the NMOS tube N3 and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N4 through a flying capacitor C; the source electrode of the NMOS tube N ' is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS tube P ' and is respectively connected with the source electrode of the NMOS tube N5 and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube N6 through a flying capacitor C '; the gates of the NMOS transistors N4 and N6 receive clock signals phi, and the gates of the NMOS transistors N3 and N5 receive clocksThe signal phi', the source electrode of the NMOS transistor N4 and the drain electrode of the NMOS transistor N5 both receive the photovoltaic voltage VPD。
5. The micro energy collection system using on-chip PV cells of claim 2, wherein the control signal generating module comprises a first switch K1, a first switch K2, an XOR gate YH1, an inverter F1, four two-out multiplexers XZ1 to XZ4 numbered sequentially, six level detectors V1 to V6 of different trigger voltages numbered sequentially, the input terminals of the level detectors V1 and V2, one terminal of the first switch K1, and one terminal of the first switch K2 all receiving the output voltage V of the auxiliary boost converter moduleCPAThe input ends of the level detector V3 and the level detector V4 are connected in parallel with the other end of the first switch K1, the trigger end of the first switch K1 is connected with the output end of the exclusive or gate YH1, and two input ends of the exclusive or gate YH1 respectively receive the high-level output voltage V output by the first level shifterT31HAnd VT37H(ii) a The input terminals of the level detector V5 and the level detector V6 are connected in parallel with the other terminal of the first switch K2, and the trigger terminal of the first switch K2 receives the high level output voltage V output by the first level shifterT37H；
A first input end of the multiplexer XZ1 is connected with an output end of the level detector V1, a first input end of the multiplexer XZ2 is connected with an output end of the level detector V2, a first input end of the multiplexer XZ3 is connected with an output end of the level detector V3, and a second input end of the multiplexer XZ3 is connected with an output end of the level detector V5; a first input terminal of the multiplexer XZ4 is connected to the output terminal of the level detector V4, and a second input terminal of the multiplexer XZ4 is connected to the output terminal of the level detector V6; the output end of the multiplexer XZ3 is connected with the second input end of the multiplexer XZ 1; the output end of the multiplexer XZ4 is connected with the second input end of the multiplexer XZ 2; the channel selection terminals of the multiplexers XZ1 and XZ2 both receive the high-level output voltage V output by the first level shifterT31H(ii) a The channel selection terminals of the multiplexers XZ3 and XZ4 both receive the high voltage output by the first level shifterFlat output voltage VT37H(ii) a The input end of the inverter F1 is connected with the output end of the multiplexer XZ2, and the output end of the inverter F1 outputs a voltage signal VDISThe output end of the multiplexer XZ1 outputs a voltage signal VEN。
6. The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the main charge pump unit comprises a six-stage reconfigurable charge pump, the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-stage reconfigurable charge pump are connected in sequence, the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump to the third-stage reconfigurable charge pump each comprise a first charge pump base unit and a plurality of enhanced switches, the fourth-stage reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-stage reconfigurable charge pump each comprise a second charge pump base unit and a plurality of enhanced switches, one enhanced switch is connected between the input end and the output end of each first charge pump base unit, and one enhanced switch is connected between the input end and the output end of each second charge pump base unit.
7. The micro energy collection system using the on-chip photovoltaic cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first charge pump basic unit comprises a first switch tube to a fourth switch tube and a first capacitor, wherein a source electrode of the first switch tube is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with a drain electrode of the second switch tube and a source electrode of the third switch tube, a drain electrode of the fourth switch tube is connected with a source electrode of the second switch tube, and a source electrode of the fourth switch tube is connected with a drain electrode of the first switch tube; an enhancement switch is connected between the source electrode and the drain electrode of each first switch tube; the drains of first switching tubes in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected together, the drains of third switching tubes in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected together, and the sources of fourth switching tubes in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected together; photovoltaic voltage V is input to a connecting line from the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump to the drain electrode of the first switching tube and the source electrode of the fourth switching tubePD；
The second charge pump basic unit comprises a fifth switching tube, a sixth switching tube and a second capacitor, one end of the second capacitor is connected with a source electrode of the fifth switching tube and a drain electrode of the sixth switching tube, the drain electrode of the fifth switching tube in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the drain electrode of the third switching tube in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump, and the source electrode of the sixth switching tube in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the source electrode of the fourth switching tube in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump; an enhanced switch is connected between the other end of the second capacitor in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump and the source electrode of the first switch tube in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump; in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump, the drain electrodes of all the fifth switching tubes are connected together, the source electrodes of all the sixth switching tubes are connected together, and an enhancement switch is connected between the other end of the second capacitor in each order reconfigurable charge pump and the other end of the second capacitor in the adjacent reconfigurable charge pump; the other end of the second capacitor in the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with an enhancement type switch.
8. The micro energy collection system using the on-chip photovoltaic cell as claimed in claim 7, wherein the enhancement switch comprises a seventh switch tube, an eighth switch tube and a ninth switch tube, wherein a drain of the seventh switch tube is connected to a drain of the eighth switch tube and connected to a gate of the ninth switch tube, and a source of the seventh switch tube is connected to a drain of the ninth switch tube; the source electrode of each first switch tube in the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the source electrode of the ninth switch tube, and the drain electrode of each first switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth switch tube; the source electrode of a ninth switching tube in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the source electrode of the ninth switching tube in the third-order reconfigurable charge pump, and the source electrode of each ninth switching tube in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with the drain electrode of an eighth switching tube in the next-order reconfigurable charge pump; in the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the source electrode of the seventh switch tube and the drain electrode of the ninth switch tube, and the source electrode of the ninth switch tube is used as the output end of the main charge pump unit to output the voltage VCP。
9. The micro energy collection system using the on-chip photovoltaic cell as claimed in claim 2, wherein the main charge pump unit further comprises a flying capacitor sub-circuit, the flying capacitor sub-circuit comprises a flying capacitor, a tenth switching tube and a driving switch, and one end of the driving switch is connected to the drain of the tenth switching tube through the flying capacitor; the second-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with one group of flying capacitor subcircuits, the third-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with two groups of flying capacitor subcircuits, one end of the first capacitor is connected with the other ends of the driving switches of the two groups of flying capacitor subcircuits, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the source electrode of the tenth switching tube of each group of flying capacitor subcircuits; the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump are connected with four groups of flying capacitor subcircuits, one end of a second capacitor is connected with the source electrode of the tenth switching tube of each group of flying capacitor subcircuits, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the other end of the driving switch of each group of flying capacitor subcircuits;
the main charge pump unit further comprises inter-polar plate parasitic capacitors and a second switch, the other end of each first capacitor from the first-order reconfigurable charge pump to the third-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with one end of one inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor, and the other end of each inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor is grounded; one end of each second capacitor in the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump to the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump is connected with one end of one inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor, and the other end of each inter-polar plate parasitic capacitor is grounded; a second switch is connected between one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the first-stage reconfigurable charge pump and one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the second-stage reconfigurable charge pump; a second switch is connected between one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the third-order reconfigurable charge pump and one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the fourth-order reconfigurable charge pump; and a second switch is connected between one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the fifth-order reconfigurable charge pump and one end of the parasitic capacitor between the polar plates of the sixth-order reconfigurable charge pump.
10. A method of using an on-chip photovoltaic cell micro energy harvesting system according to any of claims 1-9, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: the on-chip photovoltaic cell equivalent module generates photovoltaic voltage V under the condition of ambient lightPDIs input to the continuous MPPT module to generate an offset voltage VBIAS；
Step two: at a photovoltaic voltage VPDIs a power supply voltage according to a bias voltage VBIASControlling, assisting boost converter module to generate complementary clock signals phi and phi' and output voltage VCPA；
Step three: output voltage VCPAInput to the control signal generation module to generate an output voltage signal VENControlling the main boost converter module to start or stop to generate an output voltage signal VDISControlling the auxiliary boost converter module to start or close;
step four: the continuous MPPT module is based on the photovoltaic voltage VPDGenerating a high level output voltage to supply to the main boost converter module;
step five: main boost converter module with photovoltaic voltage VPDFor the input voltage, an output voltage V is generatedCP；
Step six: output voltage VCPInput to a voltage regulation module which generates a stable output voltage VoutAnd supplying power to the load.
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