CN111852381A - Fire-driving packer - Google Patents
Fire-driving packer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111852381A CN111852381A CN201910350035.0A CN201910350035A CN111852381A CN 111852381 A CN111852381 A CN 111852381A CN 201910350035 A CN201910350035 A CN 201910350035A CN 111852381 A CN111852381 A CN 111852381A
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- setting mechanism
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- piston
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 198
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 135
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/122—Multiple string packers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/128—Packers; Plugs with a member expanded radially by axial pressure
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fireflood packer which comprises a central pipe assembly, a driving mechanism, an upper setting mechanism and a lower setting mechanism, wherein the central pipe assembly is provided with a central pipe; the central pipe assembly comprises an upper joint, an inner central pipe, a lower joint and an outer central pipe, the upper end of the outer central pipe is connected with the driving mechanism, and the lower end of the outer central pipe is connected with the lower setting mechanism; the upper end of the driving mechanism is connected with the inner central tube through a deblocking pin, and the driving mechanism can respectively drive the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism to expand and set on the inner wall of the casing; the lower end of the lower setting mechanism is provided with a locking component capable of keeping the setting state of the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism, and the outer wall of the inner central tube is provided with an unlocking structure; when the inner central tube is lifted up to cut the unsealing pin, the inner central tube moves upwards relative to the outer central tube and enables the locking assembly to be in butt joint with the unlocking structure, the locking assembly is unlocked, and the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism both extend downwards and retract in the radial direction to unseal. The invention can realize smooth unsealing of the upper setting mechanism and the lower setting mechanism in various states.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an underground packer tool, in particular to a fireflood packer.
Background
The fireflood packer is a common downhole tool for heavy oil wells, wherein short-time steam injection process measures such as steam injection, layered steam injection and the like are integrated, and a slip-free packer is usually used to reduce the risk of well blockage. The fire-flooding packer is not generally provided with a deblocking mechanism, and a hard deblocking mode of a lifting pipe column is adopted, so that the situation of difficult deblocking easily occurs in special situations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fireflood packer, which can enable an upper setting mechanism and a lower setting mechanism to respectively generate relative motion with a central pipe assembly through operation, so that smooth deblocking of the upper setting mechanism and the lower setting mechanism is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a fireflood packer, which comprises a central pipe assembly, and a driving mechanism, an upper setting mechanism and a lower setting mechanism which are sequentially sleeved outside the central pipe assembly from top to bottom;
the central pipe assembly comprises an upper joint, an inner central pipe, a lower joint and an outer central pipe, wherein the upper joint, the inner central pipe, the lower joint and the outer central pipe are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the outer central pipe is sleeved on the outer side of the inner central pipe in a sliding manner, the upper end of the outer central pipe is detachably positioned and connected with the driving mechanism, and the lower end of the outer central pipe is detachably positioned and connected with the lower setting mechanism;
The upper end of the driving mechanism is connected with the inner central pipe in a positioning mode through a deblocking pin, the driving mechanism is provided with a first driving end connected with the lower setting mechanism and a second driving end connected with the upper setting mechanism, the driving mechanism downwards compresses the lower setting mechanism through the first driving end and radially expands and sets on the inner wall of the casing, and the driving mechanism downwards compresses the upper setting mechanism through the second driving end and radially expands and sets on the inner wall of the casing;
the lower end of the lower setting mechanism is provided with a locking assembly capable of keeping the setting state of the lower setting mechanism and the setting state of the upper setting mechanism, and an unlocking structure is arranged below the locking assembly on the outer wall of the inner central tube;
under the condition that the inner central pipe is lifted up to enable the unsealing pin to be sheared, the inner central pipe moves upwards relative to the outer central pipe and enables the locking assembly to be in butt joint with the unlocking structure, the locking assembly is unlocked, and the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism can extend downwards relative to the central pipe assembly and retract along the radial direction to be unsealed with the inner wall of the casing.
The fire-flooding packer comprises a cylinder cover, a cylinder sleeve, a piston and a cylinder main body, wherein the cylinder cover, the cylinder sleeve, the piston and the cylinder main body are of tubular structures which are communicated up and down;
the cylinder cover is sleeved on the inner central tube, the upper end of the cylinder cover is connected with the inner central tube in a positioning mode through the deblocking pin, and the lower end of the cylinder cover is detachably connected with the upper end of the outer central tube;
the cylinder body is slidably sleeved on the outer central tube, the lower end of the cylinder body is a first driving end which can be detachably positioned and connected with the lower setting mechanism, the upper setting mechanism is sleeved on the cylinder body, and the lower end of the upper setting mechanism is abutted with the upper end of the lower setting mechanism;
the upper end of the piston is slidably sleeved on the outer central pipe, the lower end of the piston is slidably sleeved on the cylinder main body, the lower end of the piston is a second driving end, and the lower end face of the piston is abutted to the upper end face of the upper setting mechanism;
the utility model discloses a piston cylinder cover, including cylinder cover, inner tube, outer center tube, piston, ring platform, outer center tube, cylinder cover, piston, cylinder cover, piston, inner wall epirelief, ring platform, outer center tube, cylinder cover, outer center tube, cylinder cover, the upper end of cylinder cover, the lower extreme face of cylinder cover is located with the upper end of piston can fix a position the meeting with disassembling and assembling, is located the lower extreme of cylinder cover with between the upper end of piston, be close to on the upper end of ring platform one side undercut forms annular.
The fireflood packer as above, wherein, the piston with be equipped with between the outer center tube and prevent the piston is relative outer center tube upward movement's first stopping ring, first stopping ring cover is located on the outer center tube, just be equipped with first group stopping tooth on the inner wall of first stopping ring, be equipped with on the inner wall of outer center tube can with first group stopping tooth matched with second group stopping tooth the cylinder liner drives the piston is relative outer center tube downward movement's in-process, first group stopping tooth with second group stopping tooth cooperation joint.
The fireflood packer as described above, wherein the lower setting mechanism comprises a cone cover, a cone, a lower sealing rubber cylinder, a sealing seat, a sealing ring and a lower baffle ring;
the cone cover is sleeved on the outer central pipe, the upper end of the cone cover is detachably positioned and connected with the cylinder main body, and the lower end of the upper setting mechanism is abutted against the upper end face of the cone cover;
the cone is sleeved on the outer central pipe, the upper end of the cone is detachably positioned and connected with the lower end of the cone cover, the diameter of the cone is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the lower end of the cone is positioned and connected with the outer central pipe through a lower shearing pin;
The sealing ring is sleeved on the inner central pipe in a sliding manner, and the upper end of the sealing ring is detachably positioned and connected with the outer central pipe;
the lower sealing rubber cylinder is sleeved on the sealing ring in a sliding manner, the upper end of the lower sealing rubber cylinder covers the lower end of the cone, and the outer surface of the cone and the inner surface of the lower sealing rubber cylinder are in sliding contact with each other;
the sealing seat is connected with the sealing ring in a positioning mode through the locking assembly, and the lower end of the lower sealing rubber cylinder is abutted with the upper end of the sealing seat;
the lower baffle ring is arranged between the lower end of the sealing seat and the inner central pipe, the outer side surface of the lower baffle ring is detachably positioned and connected with the inner surface of the sealing seat, the inner side surface of the lower baffle ring is in sliding contact with the outer surface of the inner central pipe, and the upper end surface of the lower baffle ring is abutted to the lower end surface of the sealing ring.
The fireflood packer as above, wherein, the locking subassembly is the locking piece, the locking piece inlays to be located inside the lateral wall of sealing ring, the edge of locking piece the radial size of sealing ring is greater than the lateral wall thickness of sealing ring, the concave confession that is equipped with on the inner wall of seal receptacle the caulking groove of locking piece embedding the cylinder cap passes through the deblocking pin with under the state that interior center tube location meets, the orientation of locking piece a side surface of interior center tube with interior center tube looks butt and with the inner wall parallel and level of sealing ring, just the orientation of locking piece a side surface protrusion of seal receptacle in the surface and the embedding of sealing ring in the caulking groove.
The fireflood packer comprises a cylinder cover, a sealing ring, a sealing seat, a sealing ring, a deblocking pin, an unlocking groove, a sealing seat and a lock block, wherein the unlocking groove is concavely arranged on the outer wall of the inner central tube, the cylinder cover is in a state of being positioned and connected with the inner central tube through the deblocking pin, the unlocking groove is correspondingly positioned below the locking block, the deblocking pin is sheared, the inner central tube moves upwards relative to the sealing ring, the locking block and the sealing seat synchronously move downwards relative to the inner central tube, the locking block and the unlocking groove are in a corresponding state, the inner wall of the sealing seat presses one side surface of the locking block, which faces the sealing seat, so that the locking block moves towards the direction close to the inner central tube and extends into the unlocking groove, the caulking groove and the locking block are staggered, and the locking between the sealing seat and the sealing ring is released.
The fireflood packer as above, wherein, the cone with be equipped with between the outer center tube and prevent the cone is relative outer center tube upward movement's second stopping ring, second stopping ring cover is located on the outer center tube, just be equipped with third group stopping tooth on the inner wall of second stopping ring, be equipped with on the inner wall of outer center tube can with third group stopping tooth matched with fourth group stopping tooth the cylinder liner drives the piston is relative in the process of outer center tube downstream, third group stopping tooth with fourth group stopping tooth cooperation joint.
The fireflood packer comprises a cylinder body, a piston, an upper setting component, a lower setting component and a lower sealing component, wherein the cylinder body is provided with a shearing ring and an upper sealing rubber cylinder, the shearing ring and the upper sealing rubber cylinder are sleeved on the cylinder body, the upper end surface of the shearing ring is abutted against the lower end surface of the piston, the lower end surface of the shearing ring is abutted against the upper end surface of the upper sealing rubber cylinder, the lower end surface of the upper sealing rubber cylinder is abutted against the upper end surface of the cone cover, and the shearing ring is positioned and connected with the cylinder body through an upper shearing pin.
The fireflood packer as described above, wherein the shear force required to shear the upper shear pin is greater than the shear force required to shear the lower shear pin.
The fireflood packer comprises an upper joint, a lower joint, a driving mechanism and a deblocking pin, wherein the upper joint is provided with an outer diameter close to the lower end of the upper joint, which is larger than the outer diameter of the inner central pipe, the lower joint is provided with an outer diameter close to the upper end of the lower joint, which is larger than the outer diameter of the inner central pipe, and a deblocking space is formed between the lower end of the lower setting mechanism and the upper end face of the lower joint in a state that the upper end of the driving mechanism is positioned and connected with the inner central pipe through the deblocking pin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the fireflood packer provided by the invention, the driving mechanism, the upper setting mechanism and the lower setting mechanism are mutually abutted, the driving mechanism can respectively drive the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism to be respectively set with the inner wall of a sleeve under the condition that the upper end of the driving mechanism is connected with the inner central tube in a positioning manner through the deblocking pin, and the lower end of the lower setting mechanism can keep the setting states of the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism through the locking assembly; when the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism extend downwards relative to the central pipe assembly and retract along the radial direction to perform deblocking on the inner wall of the sleeve, so that smooth deblocking of the upper setting mechanism and the lower setting mechanism can be realized in various states.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fireflood packer provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a full-section structure of the fireflood packer provided by the invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1. a central tube assembly;
11. an upper joint;
12. an inner center tube;
13. an outer center tube;
131. a second set of anti-backup teeth;
132. a fourth group of stopping teeth;
14. a lower joint;
2. a drive mechanism;
21. a cylinder cover;
22. a cylinder liner;
23. a piston;
231. a first anti-back ring;
24. a cylinder main body;
25. an upper baffle ring;
3. an upper setting mechanism;
31. a shear ring;
32. an upper sealing rubber cylinder;
33. shearing pins upwards;
4. a lower setting mechanism;
41. a cone cover;
42. a cone;
421. a second anti-back ring;
43. a lower sealing rubber cylinder;
44. a sealing seat;
45. a seal ring;
46. a lower baffle ring;
47. shearing off the pin;
5. unsealing the pin;
6. a locking assembly;
7. an unlocking structure.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical solution, the purpose and the effect of the present invention, a detailed description of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a fireflood packer, wherein the fireflood packer comprises a central tube assembly 1, and a driving mechanism 2, an upper setting mechanism 3 and a lower setting mechanism 4 sequentially sleeved outside the central tube assembly 1 from top to bottom;
the central tube assembly 1 comprises an upper joint 11, an inner central tube 12, a lower joint 14 and an outer central tube 13 which is sleeved outside the inner central tube 12 in a sliding manner, wherein the upper end of the outer central tube 13 is detachably positioned and connected with the driving mechanism 2, the lower end of the outer central tube 13 is detachably positioned and connected with the lower setting mechanism 4, the upper setting mechanism 3 is positioned and installed between the driving mechanism 2 and the lower setting mechanism 4, and when the outer central tube 13 slides relative to the inner central tube 12, the driving mechanism 2, the upper setting mechanism 3 and the lower setting mechanism 4 can be driven to move synchronously;
the upper end of the driving mechanism 2 is connected with the inner central tube 12 in a positioning mode through the deblocking pin 5, the driving mechanism 2 is provided with a first driving end connected with the lower setting mechanism 4 and a second driving end connected with the upper setting mechanism 3, the driving mechanism 2 downwards compresses the lower setting mechanism 4 through the first driving end and radially expands and sets on the inner wall of the casing, the driving mechanism 2 downwards compresses the upper setting mechanism 3 through the second driving end and radially expands and sets on the inner wall of the casing, namely the driving mechanism 2 respectively drives the lower setting mechanism 4 and the upper setting mechanism 3 through the first driving end and the second driving end, and setting between the lower setting mechanism 4 and the casing and between the upper setting mechanism 3 and the casing is achieved;
The lower end of the lower setting mechanism 4 is provided with a locking component 6 which can keep the setting state of the lower setting mechanism 4 and the upper setting mechanism 3, namely, under the state that the driving mechanism 2 is positioned and connected with the inner central tube 12 through the deblocking pin 5, when the lower setting mechanism 4 is pressed by the driving mechanism 2, the lower end of the lower setting mechanism 4 is always kept to be relatively static with the outer central tube 13, and the upper end moves downwards relative to the outer central tube 13 to realize the radial expansion of the lower setting mechanism 4, so as to ensure that the lower setting mechanism 4 can expand towards the radial direction to realize the setting after being pressed, avoid the situation that the lower driving mechanism 2 moves downwards integrally and cannot generate the radial expansion after being subjected to the downward acting force, and the unlocking structure 7 is arranged below the locking component 6 on the outer wall of the inner central tube 12, and when the unlocking structure 7 is butted with the locking component 6, the relative static between the lower end of the lower setting mechanism 4 and the outer central tube 13 can be released, the lower setting mechanism 4 and the upper setting mechanism 3 can extend downwards relative to the central tube assembly 1 and retract radially, so that the sleeve can be unsealed smoothly;
namely, under the condition that the inner central tube 12 is lifted up to cause the unsealing pin 5 to be sheared, the inner central tube 12 moves upwards relative to the outer central tube 13 and causes the locking assembly 6 to be in butt joint with the unlocking structure 7, the locking assembly 6 is unlocked, and both the lower setting mechanism 4 and the upper setting mechanism 3 can extend downwards relative to the central tube assembly 1 and retract along the radial direction to be unsealed with the inner wall of the casing.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fire-driving packer provided by the invention, wherein the driving mechanism 2 comprises a cylinder cover 21, a cylinder sleeve 22, a piston 23 and a cylinder main body 24 which are all of a tubular structure and are penetrated up and down;
the cylinder cover 21 is sleeved on the inner central tube 12, the upper end of the cylinder cover 21 is positioned and connected with the inner central tube 12 through the deblocking pin 5, the lower end of the cylinder cover 21 is detachably connected with the upper end of the outer central tube 13, specifically, a step through hole with a smaller upper inner diameter and a larger lower inner diameter is formed in the center of the cylinder cover 21, the part with the smaller upper diameter is sleeved on the inner central tube 12, the inner surface of the part with the larger lower diameter is slidably contacted with the outer surface of the inner central tube 12, the inner surface of the part with the larger lower diameter is detachably connected with the outer surface of the upper end of the outer central tube 13 through threads, and a downward step surface formed at a reducing part in the cylinder cover 21 is abutted against the upper end;
the cylinder body 24 can be slidably sleeved on the outer central tube 13, the lower end of the cylinder body 24 is a first driving end and can be detachably positioned and connected with the lower setting mechanism 4 (through threads), the upper setting mechanism 3 is sleeved on the cylinder body 24, the upper end of the upper setting mechanism 3 is positioned and connected with the cylinder body 24, and the lower end of the upper setting mechanism 3 is abutted with the upper end of the lower setting mechanism 4;
The upper end of the piston 23 is slidably sleeved on the outer central tube 13, the lower end of the piston 23 is slidably sleeved on the cylinder main body 24, the lower end of the piston 23 is a second driving end, and the lower end face of the piston 23 is abutted with the upper end face of the upper setting mechanism 3;
the upper end of the cylinder sleeve 22 is slidably sleeved outside the cylinder cover 21, the lower end of the cylinder sleeve 22 is detachably positioned and connected with the upper end of the piston 23 (through threads), a ring platform is convexly arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 22 between the lower end of the cylinder cover 21 and the upper end of the piston 23, the upper end surface of the ring platform is contacted with the lower end surface of the cylinder cover 21, the lower end surface of the ring platform is contacted with the upper end surface of the piston 23, one side, close to the inner central tube 12, of the upper end surface of the ring platform is downwards sunken to form an annular step, the outer surface of the outer central tube 13 and the lower end surface of the cylinder cover 21 are encircled to form an annular accommodating cavity;
when setting, the expanding agent expands, pushes the cylinder sleeve 22 downwards to drive the piston 23 to move downwards, because the lower end of the piston 23 is abutted against the upper end surface of the upper setting mechanism 3, the upper end of the upper setting mechanism 3 is positioned and connected with the cylinder main body 24, the lower end of the cylinder main body 24 is positioned and connected with the upper end of the lower setting mechanism 4, under the push of the piston 23, the upper setting mechanism 3 drives the cylinder main body 24 to move downwards and compress the lower setting mechanism 4 downwards, at the moment, the lower end of the lower setting mechanism 4 is connected with the outer central tube 13 in a positioning way, namely, under the action of the unsealing pin 5 and the locking component 6, the lower ends of the outer central tube 13 and the lower setting mechanism 4 are kept still, therefore, the distance between the upper end and the lower end of the lower setting mechanism 4 is reduced, the middle part of the lower setting mechanism is expanded along the radial direction of the lower setting mechanism and is finally set with the inner wall of the casing, and at the moment, the upper end of the lower setting mechanism 4 cannot continuously descend; after that, the piston 23 continues to move downwards under the driving of the expanding medicament and applies force to the upper end of the upper setting mechanism 3, when the upper end of the upper setting mechanism 3 is stressed to reach a preset value, the positioning connection between the upper setting mechanism 3 and the cylinder main body 24 is disconnected, the upper end of the upper setting mechanism 3 can move downwards relative to the cylinder main body 24, and the lower end of the upper setting mechanism 3 cannot move downwards due to being abutted against the upper end of the lower setting mechanism 4, at the moment, the distance between the upper end and the lower end of the upper setting mechanism 3 is reduced, the middle part of the upper setting mechanism is expanded along the radial direction of the upper setting mechanism and finally is set with the inner wall of the sleeve, and thus, the setting between the lower setting mechanism 4 and the upper setting mechanism 3 and the.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the fireflood packer provided by the present invention, a first anti-back ring 231 capable of preventing the piston 23 from moving upward relative to the outer central tube 13 is disposed between the piston 23 and the outer central tube 13, the first anti-back ring 231 is sleeved on the outer central tube 13, a first set of anti-back teeth is disposed on an inner wall of the first anti-back ring 231, a second set of anti-back teeth 131 capable of cooperating with the first set of anti-back teeth is disposed on an inner wall of the outer central tube 13, and the first set of anti-back teeth is in fit-engagement with the second set of anti-back teeth 131 when the cylinder sleeve 22 drives the piston 23 to move downward relative to the outer central tube 13, wherein the first anti-back ring 231 can be regarded as being embedded on an inner surface of the piston 23, and in order to implement installation of the first anti-back ring 231, a structure similar to an annular accommodating chamber for accommodating an expanding agent is recessed on the inner surface of the piston 23 to install, and an upper retaining ring 25 detachably connected with the piston 23 is arranged above the first anti-return ring 231 to axially limit the first anti-return ring 231, so that the first anti-return ring 231 is positioned and connected with the piston 23, the first set of anti-return teeth on the inner surface of the first anti-return ring 231 is arranged, and the second set of anti-return teeth 131 is correspondingly arranged on the outer central tube 13, so that the piston 23 can only move downwards relative to the outer central tube 13 but can not move upwards relative to the outer central tube 13, the piston 23 is ensured to always apply downward pressure to the lower setting mechanism 4 and the upper setting mechanism 3 after setting, the situation that the setting fails due to the fact that the piston 23 moves upwards after setting is avoided, and the setting effectiveness is ensured.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the fire-flooding packer provided by the invention, wherein the lower setting mechanism 4 comprises a cone cover 41, a cone 42, a lower sealing rubber sleeve 43, a sealing seat 44, a sealing ring 45 and a lower retaining ring 46;
the cone cover 41 is sleeved on the outer central tube 13, the upper end of the cone cover 41 is detachably positioned and connected with the cylinder main body 24 (through threads), and the lower end of the upper setting mechanism 3 is abutted against the upper end surface of the cone cover 41;
the cone 42 is sleeved on the outer central tube 13, the upper end of the cone 42 is detachably positioned and connected with the lower end of the cone cover 41 (through threads), the diameter of the cone 42 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the lower end of the cone 42 is positioned and connected with the outer central tube 13 through the lower shearing pin 47, during setting, the piston 23 moves downwards, the upper setting component drives the cylinder main body 24 to downwards push the cone cover 41 and apply downward thrust to the cone 42, and when the thrust reaches a preset value, the lower shearing pin 47 is sheared, and the cone 42 moves downwards;
the sealing ring 45 is slidably sleeved on the inner central tube 12, and the upper end of the sealing ring 45 is detachably positioned and connected with the outer central tube 13 (through threads);
the lower sealing rubber cylinder 43 is slidably sleeved on the sealing ring 45, the upper end of the lower sealing rubber cylinder 43 covers the lower end of the cone 42, the outer surface of the cone 42 is in sliding contact with the inner surface of the lower sealing rubber cylinder 43, wherein the inner surface of the upper end of the lower sealing rubber cylinder 43 can be a conical surface with a gradually enlarged diameter from bottom to top so as to be matched with the outer surface of the cone 42, so that the lower sealing rubber cylinder 43 can be smoothly radially expanded when the cone 42 moves downwards;
The sealing seat 44 is positioned and connected with the sealing ring 45 through the locking assembly 6, the lower end of the lower sealing rubber cylinder 43 is abutted with the upper end of the sealing seat 44, so that the sealing seat 44, the sealing ring 45 and the outer central tube 13 are kept in a relatively static state under the action of the locking assembly 6, after the upper end of the lower sealing rubber cylinder 43 is subjected to the downward acting force of the cone 42, the lower end of the lower sealing rubber cylinder 43 is kept still, and the upper end is stressed to be expanded to be seated with the inner wall of the sleeve;
the lower retaining ring 46 is arranged between the lower end of the sealing seat 44 and the inner central tube 12, the outer side surface of the lower retaining ring 46 is detachably positioned and connected with the inner surface of the sealing seat 44 (through threads), the inner side surface of the lower retaining ring 46 is in sliding contact with the outer surface of the inner central tube 12, the upper end surface of the lower retaining ring 46 is abutted to the lower end surface of the sealing ring 45, the lower retaining ring 46 is arranged to drive the sealing seat 44 to synchronously move downwards in the downward movement process of the outer central tube 13 relative to the inner central tube 12 after the unsealing pin 5 is cut off, so that a downward extending space is provided for the lower sealing rubber tube 43, and the lower sealing rubber tube 43 extends downwards and retracts radially to realize unsealing.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the fireflood packer provided by the invention is characterized in that the locking assembly 6 is a locking block, the locking block is embedded inside a side wall of the sealing ring 45, the radial dimension of the locking block along the sealing ring 45 is greater than the thickness of the side wall of the sealing ring 45, an embedding groove for embedding the locking block is concavely arranged on the inner wall of the sealing seat 44, in a state that the cylinder cover 21 is positioned and connected with the inner center tube 12 through the deblocking pin 5, one side surface of the locking block facing the inner center tube 12 is abutted against the outer surface of the inner center tube 12 and is flush with the inner wall of the sealing ring 45, and one side surface of the locking block facing the sealing seat 44 protrudes out of the outer surface of the sealing ring 45 and is embedded into the embedding groove, so that the sealing seat 44 is positioned and connected with the sealing ring 45, wherein the locking block may be provided in plurality, and the locking blocks.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fire-driving packer provided by the invention is characterized in that the unlocking structure 7 is an unlocking groove which is recessed on the outer wall of the inner central tube 12, under the state that the cylinder cover 21 and the outer central tube 13 are positioned and connected with the inner central tube 12 through the deblocking pin 5, the deblocking groove is correspondingly positioned below the locking block, during the process that the deblocking pin 5 is sheared and the inner central tube 12 moves upwards relative to the sealing ring 45, the locking block moves downwards relative to the inner central tube 12 synchronously with the sealing seat 44, in the state that the locking piece corresponds to the unlocking groove, the inner wall of the sealing seat 44 presses one side surface of the locking piece facing the sealing seat 44, so that the locking piece moves towards the direction close to the inner central tube 12 and extends into the unlocking groove, the caulking groove and the locking block are dislocated, the locking between the sealing seat 44 and the sealing ring 45 is released, and the lower sealing rubber barrel 43 radially retracts under the action of the elastic restoring force of the lower sealing rubber barrel and extends downwards to push the sealing seat 44 to move downwards to realize deblocking.
Preferably, in a state that a side surface of the locking piece facing the inner central tube 12 abuts against an outer surface of the inner central tube 12 and a side of the locking piece facing the sealing seat 44 is embedded in the caulking groove, a portion of the locking piece protruding out of an outer side surface of the sealing ring 45 is an arc convex surface, so that the locking piece can be smoothly retracted and separated from the caulking groove under the pressure of the inner wall of the sealing seat 44, and the situation that the locking piece is locked to cause incapability of unlocking is avoided.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the fireflood packer provided by the invention, a second anti-back ring 421 capable of preventing the cone 42 from moving upward relative to the outer central tube 13 is arranged between the cone 42 and the outer central tube 13, the second anti-back ring 421 is sleeved on the outer central tube 13, a third set of anti-back teeth is arranged on the inner wall of the second anti-back ring 421, a fourth set of anti-back teeth 132 capable of being matched with the third set of anti-back teeth is arranged on the inner wall of the outer central tube 13, and in the process that the cylinder sleeve 22 drives the piston 23 to move downward relative to the outer central tube 13, the third set of anti-back teeth is matched and clamped with the fourth set of anti-back teeth 132, and similar to the arrangement mode of the first anti-back ring 231, the second anti-back ring 421 is arranged to lock the setting state of the lower setting mechanism 4 after setting, so as to further ensure the effectiveness of setting of the lower setting mechanism 4.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fireflood packer provided by the invention comprises an upper setting component and an upper sealing rubber cylinder 32, wherein the upper setting component comprises a shearing ring 31 and an upper sealing rubber cylinder 32 which are sleeved on the cylinder main body 24, the upper end surface of the shearing ring 31 is abutted with the lower end surface of the piston 23, the lower end surface of the shearing ring 31 is abutted with the upper end surface of the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32, the lower end surface of the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32 is abutted with the upper end surface of the cone cover 41, and the shearing ring 31 is positioned and connected with the cylinder main body 24 through an upper shearing pin 33. After the lower setting mechanism 4 is set, the cone cover 41 can not move downwards any more even if being stressed, and the position of the cone cover 41 is basically fixed by the backstop action of the second backstop ring 421, at this time, the piston 23 continues to move downwards, and applies a downward acting force to the shearing ring 31, when the force applied to the shear ring 31 is larger than the shearing force required by the upper shear pin 33, the upper shear pin 33 is sheared, the shear ring 31 moves downwards under the action of the piston 23 and compresses the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32, at this time, because the lower end of the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32 is supported against the cone cover 41 and basically keeps still, under the push of the piston 23, the distance between the upper end and the lower end of the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32 is reduced and the middle part is expanded along the radial direction until the middle part is set with the inner wall of the sleeve, as can be understood from the above, the second anti-back-off ring 421 is mainly used for maintaining the setting of the lower packing rubber tube 43, and the first anti-back-off ring 231 is mainly used for maintaining the setting of the upper packing rubber tube 32; in the unsealing process, after the lower sealing rubber cylinder 43 extends downwards and retracts radially to unseal, an upward acting force is no longer provided for the lower end of the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32, the upper end of the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32 still receives a downward acting force from the piston 23, under the downward acting force and the elastic restoring force of the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32, the lower end of the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32 pushes downwards to abut against the lower setting mechanism 4, so that the lower setting mechanism 4 moves downwards integrally, and in the unsealing process, the upper sealing rubber cylinder 32 extends downwards and retracts radially to unseal.
Preferably, the fireflood packer provided by the invention is characterized in that the shearing force required for shearing the upper shearing pin 33 is larger than that required for shearing the lower shearing pin 47, so that the lower sealing rubber sleeve 43 is set firstly and the upper sealing rubber sleeve 32 is set later in the setting process.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fireflood packer provided by the invention is characterized in that the outer diameter of the upper joint 11 close to the lower end thereof is larger than the outer diameter of the inner central pipe 12, the outer diameter of the lower joint 14 close to the upper end thereof is larger than the outer diameter of the inner central pipe 12, and in a state that the upper end of the driving mechanism 2 is positioned and connected with the inner central pipe 12 through the deblocking pin 5, a deblocking space is formed between the lower end of the lower setting mechanism 4 and the upper end face of the lower joint 14, so that the driving mechanism 2, the upper setting mechanism 3 and the lower setting mechanism 4 can be kept between the upper joint 11 and the lower joint 14 during operation, and the driving mechanism 2, the upper setting mechanism 3 and the lower setting mechanism 4 are prevented from falling into a casing.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fire-driving packer provided by the invention has the outer surface at the lower end of the upper joint 11, the outer surface of the driving mechanism 2, the outer surface of the upper setting mechanism 3, the outer surface of the lower setting mechanism 4 and the outer surface at the upper end of the lower joint 14 which are basically flush so as to ensure that the tripping process is smooth.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the fireflood packer provided by the invention, sealing rings are arranged between the cylinder cover 21 and the inner central tube 12, between the cylinder cover 21 and the cylinder sleeve 22, between the piston 23 and the cylinder main body 24, between the joint between the cylinder main body 24 and the cone cover 41 and the outer central tube 13, and between the joint between the outer central tube 13 and the sealing ring 45 and the inner central tube 12, so as to ensure the sealing performance of the fireflood packer.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the fireflood packer provided by the invention, an upward step surface is formed on the outer surface of an inner central tube 12, a downward step surface is formed on the inner surface of an outer central tube 13, the downward step surface of the outer central tube 13 is positioned above the upward step surface of the inner central tube 12 in a state that a cylinder cover 21 is positioned and connected with the inner central tube 12 through a deblocking pin 5, and a gap is formed between the two step surfaces, when deblocking is performed, the inner central tube 12 is lifted up, after the deblocking pin 5 is sheared, the inner central tube 12 moves upward relative to the outer central tube 13 until the two step surfaces are connected, the outer central tube 13 moves upward under the driving of the inner central tube 12, namely, the lower setting mechanism 4 and the upper setting mechanism 3 move downward relative to the outer central tube 13 in sequence, so as to perform deblocking.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the fireflood packer provided by the invention, the driving mechanism, the upper setting mechanism and the lower setting mechanism are mutually abutted, the driving mechanism can respectively drive the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism to be respectively set with the inner wall of a sleeve under the condition that the upper end of the driving mechanism is connected with the inner central tube in a positioning manner through the deblocking pin, and the lower end of the lower setting mechanism can keep the setting states of the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism through the locking assembly; when the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism extend downwards relative to the central pipe assembly and retract along the radial direction to perform deblocking on the inner wall of the sleeve, so that smooth deblocking of the upper setting mechanism and the lower setting mechanism can be realized in various states.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fire flooding packer is characterized by comprising a central pipe assembly, and a driving mechanism, an upper setting mechanism and a lower setting mechanism which are sequentially sleeved outside the central pipe assembly from top to bottom;
the central pipe assembly comprises an upper joint, an inner central pipe, a lower joint and an outer central pipe, wherein the upper joint, the inner central pipe, the lower joint and the outer central pipe are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the outer central pipe is sleeved on the outer side of the inner central pipe in a sliding manner, the upper end of the outer central pipe is detachably positioned and connected with the driving mechanism, and the lower end of the outer central pipe is detachably positioned and connected with the lower setting mechanism;
the upper end of the driving mechanism is connected with the inner central pipe in a positioning mode through a deblocking pin, the driving mechanism is provided with a first driving end connected with the lower setting mechanism and a second driving end connected with the upper setting mechanism, the driving mechanism downwards compresses the lower setting mechanism through the first driving end and radially expands and sets on the inner wall of the casing, and the driving mechanism downwards compresses the upper setting mechanism through the second driving end and radially expands and sets on the inner wall of the casing;
the lower end of the lower setting mechanism is provided with a locking assembly capable of keeping the setting state of the lower setting mechanism and the setting state of the upper setting mechanism, and an unlocking structure is arranged below the locking assembly on the outer wall of the inner central tube;
Under the condition that the inner central pipe is lifted up to enable the unsealing pin to be sheared, the inner central pipe moves upwards relative to the outer central pipe and enables the locking assembly to be in butt joint with the unlocking structure, the locking assembly is unlocked, and the lower setting mechanism and the upper setting mechanism can extend downwards relative to the central pipe assembly and retract along the radial direction to be unsealed with the inner wall of the casing.
2. The fire-flooding packer as recited in claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a cylinder cover, a cylinder sleeve, a piston and a cylinder body which are all of a tubular structure which is through from top to bottom;
the cylinder cover is sleeved on the inner central tube, the upper end of the cylinder cover is connected with the inner central tube in a positioning mode through the deblocking pin, and the lower end of the cylinder cover is detachably connected with the upper end of the outer central tube;
the cylinder body is slidably sleeved on the outer central tube, the lower end of the cylinder body is a first driving end which can be detachably positioned and connected with the lower setting mechanism, the upper setting mechanism is sleeved on the cylinder body, and the lower end of the upper setting mechanism is abutted with the upper end of the lower setting mechanism;
the upper end of the piston is slidably sleeved on the outer central pipe, the lower end of the piston is slidably sleeved on the cylinder main body, the lower end of the piston is a second driving end, and the lower end face of the piston is abutted to the upper end face of the upper setting mechanism;
The utility model discloses a piston cylinder cover, including cylinder cover, inner tube, outer center tube, piston, ring platform, outer center tube, cylinder cover, piston, cylinder cover, piston, inner wall epirelief, ring platform, outer center tube, cylinder cover, outer center tube, cylinder cover, the upper end of cylinder cover, the lower extreme face of cylinder cover is located with the upper end of piston can fix a position the meeting with disassembling and assembling, is located the lower extreme of cylinder cover with between the upper end of piston, be close to on the upper end of ring platform one side undercut forms annular.
3. The fireflood packer of claim 2, wherein a first backstop ring capable of preventing the piston from moving upward relative to the outer center tube is arranged between the piston and the outer center tube, the first backstop ring is sleeved on the outer center tube, a first set of backstop teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the first backstop ring, a second set of backstop teeth matched with the first set of backstop teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the outer center tube, and the first set of backstop teeth are in matched clamping connection with the second set of backstop teeth in the process that the cylinder sleeve drives the piston to move downward relative to the outer center tube.
4. The fireflood packer of claim 2, wherein the lower setting mechanism comprises a cone cover, a cone, a lower sealing rubber sleeve, a sealing seat, a sealing ring and a lower retainer ring;
the cone cover is sleeved on the outer central pipe, the upper end of the cone cover is detachably positioned and connected with the cylinder main body, and the lower end of the upper setting mechanism is abutted against the upper end face of the cone cover;
the cone is sleeved on the outer central pipe, the upper end of the cone is detachably positioned and connected with the lower end of the cone cover, the diameter of the cone is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the lower end of the cone is positioned and connected with the outer central pipe through a lower shearing pin;
the sealing ring is sleeved on the inner central pipe in a sliding manner, and the upper end of the sealing ring is detachably positioned and connected with the outer central pipe;
the lower sealing rubber cylinder is sleeved on the sealing ring in a sliding manner, the upper end of the lower sealing rubber cylinder covers the lower end of the cone, and the outer surface of the cone and the inner surface of the lower sealing rubber cylinder are in sliding contact with each other;
the sealing seat is connected with the sealing ring in a positioning mode through the locking assembly, and the lower end of the lower sealing rubber cylinder is abutted with the upper end of the sealing seat;
The lower baffle ring is arranged between the lower end of the sealing seat and the inner central pipe, the outer side surface of the lower baffle ring is detachably positioned and connected with the inner surface of the sealing seat, the inner side surface of the lower baffle ring is in sliding contact with the outer surface of the inner central pipe, and the upper end surface of the lower baffle ring is abutted to the lower end surface of the sealing ring.
5. The fireflood packer of claim 4, wherein the locking assembly is a locking block, the locking block is embedded inside the side wall of the sealing ring, the radial dimension of the sealing ring along the locking block is greater than the thickness of the side wall of the sealing ring, an embedding groove for the locking block to be embedded is concavely formed in the inner wall of the sealing seat, the cylinder cover is in a state that the cylinder cover is positioned and connected with the inner central tube through the deblocking pin, one side surface of the locking block, which faces the inner central tube, is abutted against the inner central tube and is flush with the inner wall of the sealing ring, and one side surface of the locking block, which faces the sealing seat, protrudes out of the outer surface of the sealing ring and is embedded into the embedding groove.
6. The fireflood packer of claim 5, wherein the unlocking structure is an unlocking groove recessed on an outer wall of the inner base pipe, the unlocking groove is correspondingly positioned below the locking block under the state that the cylinder cover is connected with the inner central pipe in a positioning way through the unlocking pin, in the process that the deblocking pin is sheared off and the inner central pipe moves upwards relative to the sealing ring, the locking block and the sealing seat synchronously move downwards relative to the inner central pipe, under the state that the locking block corresponds to the unlocking groove, the inner wall of the sealing seat presses the surface of one side of the locking block, which faces the sealing seat, so that the locking block moves towards the direction close to the inner central pipe and extends into the unlocking groove, and the caulking groove and the locking block are staggered, and the locking between the sealing seat and the sealing ring is released.
7. The fireflood packer according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a second backstop ring capable of preventing the cone from moving upward relative to the outer center tube is arranged between the cone and the outer center tube, the second backstop ring is sleeved on the outer center tube, a third set of backstop teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the second backstop ring, a fourth set of backstop teeth capable of being matched with the third set of backstop teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the outer center tube, and the third set of backstop teeth and the fourth set of backstop teeth are in matched and clamped connection in the process that the cylinder sleeve drives the piston to move downward relative to the outer center tube.
8. The fireflood packer of claim 4, wherein the upper setting assembly comprises a shear ring and an upper sealing rubber barrel which are both sleeved on the cylinder body, an upper end surface of the shear ring abuts against a lower end surface of the piston, a lower end surface of the shear ring abuts against an upper end surface of the upper sealing rubber barrel, a lower end surface of the upper sealing rubber barrel abuts against an upper end surface of the cone cover, and the shear ring is in positioning connection with the cylinder body through an upper shear pin.
9. A fireflood packer as set forth in claim 8, wherein the shear force required to shear the upper shear pin is greater than the shear force required to shear the lower shear pin.
10. The fireflood packer of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the upper joint near the lower end of the upper joint is larger than the outer diameter of the inner central pipe, the outer diameter of the lower joint near the upper end of the lower joint is larger than the outer diameter of the inner central pipe, and a deblocking space is formed between the lower end of the lower setting mechanism and the upper end face of the lower joint in a state where the upper end of the driving mechanism is positioned in connection with the inner central pipe through the deblocking pin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910350035.0A CN111852381B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Fire-driving packer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910350035.0A CN111852381B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Fire-driving packer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111852381A true CN111852381A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
| CN111852381B CN111852381B (en) | 2022-08-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201910350035.0A Active CN111852381B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Fire-driving packer |
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| CN (1) | CN111852381B (en) |
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| GB1139585A (en) * | 1966-02-04 | 1969-01-08 | Deputy Minister Of Ministerul | Thermally set well packer |
| US5141053A (en) * | 1991-05-30 | 1992-08-25 | Otis Engineering Corporation | Compact dual packer with locking dogs |
| CN2637716Y (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2004-09-01 | 张子臣 | Hydraulic compression type washable well hydraulic sealing release packer |
| CN202832367U (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Packer |
| CN203685109U (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-07-02 | 曾正伟 | Double-rubber-sleeve-set packer |
| CN106121579A (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2016-11-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Bi-directional compression hydraulic setting is without anchoring packer and using method thereof |
| CN206071523U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Packer for fireflooding |
| CN107842338A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2018-03-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Expanded graphite thermal expansion packer |
| CN109281634A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of double Tubing Packers |
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2019
- 2019-04-28 CN CN201910350035.0A patent/CN111852381B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1139585A (en) * | 1966-02-04 | 1969-01-08 | Deputy Minister Of Ministerul | Thermally set well packer |
| US5141053A (en) * | 1991-05-30 | 1992-08-25 | Otis Engineering Corporation | Compact dual packer with locking dogs |
| CN2637716Y (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2004-09-01 | 张子臣 | Hydraulic compression type washable well hydraulic sealing release packer |
| CN202832367U (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Packer |
| CN203685109U (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-07-02 | 曾正伟 | Double-rubber-sleeve-set packer |
| CN206071523U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Packer for fireflooding |
| CN106121579A (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2016-11-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Bi-directional compression hydraulic setting is without anchoring packer and using method thereof |
| CN107842338A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2018-03-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Expanded graphite thermal expansion packer |
| CN109281634A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of double Tubing Packers |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111852381B (en) | 2022-08-05 |
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