CN111851598A - Construction method of anti-cracking wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating - Google Patents
Construction method of anti-cracking wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN111851598A CN111851598A CN202010764941.8A CN202010764941A CN111851598A CN 111851598 A CN111851598 A CN 111851598A CN 202010764941 A CN202010764941 A CN 202010764941A CN 111851598 A CN111851598 A CN 111851598A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
- C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
- C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method of a wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating. The method comprises the following steps: 1) the construction method of the anti-crack mortar layer comprises the following steps: 1.1) basal plane treatment: 1.2) taking cement-based anti-crack and wear-resistant mortar or cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack and wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing the mortar on the wall and the ground according to a common construction method of plastering mortar and ground mortar, trowelling and polishing, and surviving after drying thoroughly, so that the next step can be carried out; 2) construction of radon radiation shielding paint: 2.1) calculating the brushing times; 2.2) sequentially coating radon radiation shielding coatings according to the required times, wherein the next coating can be carried out only after the previous coating is dried completely, and after the coating is finished, the preparation of the anti-radon radiation shielding coating on the wall surface is finished; 3) taking the wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on the ground according to a common ground mortar construction method, trowelling and smoothing, and completely drying to finish the preparation of the anti-crack wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating. The bottom layer of the anti-crack mortar provided by the invention can resist the influence caused by cracking of the wall and the ground, and the wear-resistant layer on the ground radon radiation shielding coating can protect the radon radiation shielding coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radon radiation treatment of building engineering, particularly underground engineering, and particularly relates to a construction method of an anti-cracking wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating.
Background
The radon is a product of decay of radioactive elements uranium and radium, is a natural radioactive inert gas, can form radon daughter after decay, and exists in places with air. Because radon has high affinity to human body fat, when exposed to an environment with high radon concentration, the organism can have blood cell changes, and when combined with a nervous system, the harm is greater; meanwhile, because radon daughter is a solid radioactive particle and is easy to deposit on the tracheal wall or the lung lobe, alpha particles and beta particles generated during decay are irradiated in a human body for a long time to cause respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and bronchial cancer, the radon daughter is the most dangerous respiratory disease causing factor except smoking, and radon is listed as one of the most dangerous carcinogenic factors in international research center for cancer (IRC), china, the united states, sweden, the netherlands and other countries.
The source of radon in modern building environment mainly has the following three aspects:
1. the radon radiation of the foundation is different due to different regions, and the radon radiation values in most regions of China are larger, such as: famous in southThe indoor radon radiation level caused by the granite of the urban foundation can reach 1000-2000Bq/m3(ii) a The radiation of the radon of the ground in a certain area of the Beijing mountain area also enables the radiation of the radon in the room to reach the level; a Tibetan living area in West Sichuan has hot spring tourism resources, but the radon radiation of the foundation reaches tens of thousands of Bq/m3The radon radiation pollution is common and serious to houses in the first floor, underground malls, underground parking lots and the like.
2. The construction material, especially the construction material made of industrial waste such as fly ash and slag, has high radon radiation because radioactive elements in residual coal slag are highly concentrated after organic matters are removed by burning coal and the like, and radon generated after decay is greatly increased, and researches show that the release amount of a wall brick doped with 70% of fly ash can reach 2000Bq/m3On the left and right, the building material industry is the most main way to consume the slag, and the fly ash wall brick is light in weight and heat-insulating, so that the load of buildings, particularly high-rise buildings, can be reduced, and the fly ash wall brick is widely applied, and therefore, the radon pollution problem caused by building materials is universal.
3. In national defense and civil defense underground engineering, due to the fact that the engineering goes deep into the underground, the sealing performance is good, the ventilation capacity is poor, radon released by rocks, soil, underground water and the like is easy to accumulate to reach high concentration, serious radon radiation pollution is brought, and the radiation level of the engineering is generally thousands of Bq/m3Severe up to tens of thousands Bq/m3The health protection device brings serious health hazard to vast majority of warriors in underground working state for a long time.
In order to ensure physical and mental health of people, China has a certain number of mandatory regulations: GB9196-1988 (control standard of radon concentration in houses) stipulates that the annual average value of radon concentration of the houses built by the method is not higher than 200Bq/m3The annual average radon concentration of the newly-built housing is not higher than 100Bq/m3(ii) a GBZ116-2002 (standards for radon and daughter control in underground buildings)[10]The action level of the existing underground building is 400Bq/m3The design level of the underground building to be built is not higher than 200Bq/m3. Although, through appropriate addressing: when civil buildings, underground engineering and other places are built, radium content is avoided as much as possibleIn high-volume areas, building decoration materials meeting the requirement of GB6555-2011 (radionuclide limit of building materials for indoor decoration materials) are selected, proper ventilation is realized, some air purifying devices are used, and the like, so that the radon concentration can be remarkably reduced, but the measures are highly limited by places, energy sources and economic cost, so that the radon releasing module is isolated and blocked by selecting proper radon radiation shielding materials, and the problem that the radon concentration exceeds the standard is solved in essence, so that the radon releasing module is most economically and feasible[12]. Therefore, in recent years, a great deal of research on radon radiation shielding materials at home and abroad is carried out, and a series of results are obtained, but the problems of poor radon-proof performance, poor aging resistance, high content of toxic and harmful substances, large application place limitation and the like are still in urgent need of solution.
The research and application of radon radiation shielding material draws extensive attention at home and abroad and obtains better effect.
For example, Egypt adopts natural fiber materials, and uses furnace ash cement as precoating of the inner wall of a building, so that a good radon shielding effect is achieved; in patent WO0212796, zeolite molecular sieve is used to adsorb radon in the air, so that a good effect is achieved; in patent DE19645193, a radon radiation shielding plate with strong adsorption effect on radon is prepared by using polyolefin emulsion and not less than 20% of activated carbon powder. Patent US5331022 describes an aqueous solution, solvent ethylene-chloro-acrylate copolymer dispersion, having a good radon absorption capacity. The patent SE504135 develops and designs a radon radiation shielding and moisture-proof building material compound which has good radon prevention and treatment effects; in patent US5194158, a porous membrane developed by using a high molecular polymer film and silicone rubber has a good radon radiation shielding effect. Takriti and the like cover a layer of PE film on the surface of the cement building material, so that the radon concentration in the air is obviously reduced; K.N.YU and the like add a special radon radiation shielding functional material in Portland cement, thereby well preventing the diffusion of radon gas; the radon radiation shielding auxiliary agent is added into cement by B.M.F.Lan et al, so that the radon exhalation rate of buildings using the cement is reduced by 30% compared with buildings using common cement. Radon radiation shielding materialThe development of the method also achieves remarkable results in China, such as: 871 radon shielding paint researched by Liu Han Qin, Xiao ren Yi and the like has good color, high film forming speed, low price, convenient construction, wear resistance and water resistance, and the radon shielding efficiency of ground engineering with not very high radon concentration can reach more than 80 percent; j-99 radon radiation shielding paint developed by Zhang Bao Zhong, scholarynman and the like has high film forming degree, wear resistance, environmental protection and low cost, has the performance close to the effect of a polyurethane radon-proof material, and is suitable for being applied to ground engineering with the radon concentration exceeding the standard which is not serious; zhengtianliang and Liying adopt epoxy resin emulsion, single-component self-crosslinking acrylic acid emulsion and other film-forming base materials, scaly filler and nano SiO2The radon radiation shielding paint prepared by the equal-base raw materials has excellent radon shielding performance and better durability, and the radon radiation shielding efficiency in ground engineering application also reaches about 90 percent; shoudawa and the like successfully develop an environment-friendly radon radiation shielding coating with no toxicity, no smell, good adhesion, water resistance and excellent alkali resistance, the radon radiation shielding efficiency can still reach 87.1 percent after 3 years of ground engineering construction through measurement, and the radon radiation shielding performance and the durability are better; a green environment-friendly radon radiation shielding composite coating is developed by Yulixing, Xucatarons and the like at university of Zhejiang, the radon radiation shielding composite coating comprises an adsorption layer and an isolation layer, and has good adsorption and isolation effects on radon and daughters thereof, and engineering application shows that the radon radiation shielding composite coating has excellent radon radiation shielding performance, simple construction process and better durability; a radon radiation shielding coating with excellent film forming performance and excellent compactness is prepared by high and new technology development companies of the Central and south institute of technology, and the radon radiation shielding performance reaches more than 80 percent through determination, so that the application requirements of civil buildings are met; the RG waterproof material researched and developed by Beijing geological research institute not only has excellent waterproof performance, but also has certain radon radiation shielding performance, and can be applied to underground engineering, rock caves, mines and other places with not very high radon concentration due to easy drying in a humid environment, so that water seepage can be effectively prevented, and the radon exhalation rate of rocks can be reduced to a certain degree; the cement mortar prepared in patent CN-01106724 has a microstructure of an interpenetrating network structure which can prevent radon gas from passing through and is remarkableReducing the radon concentration in the indoor environment; the radon radiation shielding coating which takes epoxy resin emulsion as a main film forming base material and is developed and researched by the fourth design research institute of the general engineering soldier of the people liberation force of China and the university of Beijing aerospace and aviation has the radon prevention performance of about 95 percent, but has higher price and is not suitable for large-scale application.
In recent years, although the research and application of radon radiation shielding materials have achieved good results, there still exist some problems to be solved urgently:
1) in the building engineering, particularly underground building engineering, the wall surface and the ground are made of concrete and wall material materials, are easy to crack, can cause the cracking of a radon radiation shielding coating layer so as to lose the radon radiation shielding effect, and need a layer of bottom layer protection material with certain cracking resistance for protection, so as to resist the influence caused by the cracking of the wall surface and the ground;
2) the radon coating protection needs to be carried out on the radon radiation shielding coating in all directions in the building engineering, including the ground, so that a wear-resistant layer needs to be arranged on the radon radiation shielding coating on the ground to protect the radon radiation shielding coating, and personnel can conveniently step on the radon radiation shielding coating;
3) there is a need to invent novel aqueous environment-friendly radon radiation shielding coating materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a construction method of an anti-cracking and wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating consisting of a radon radiation shielding coating and anti-cracking and wear-resistant mortar, aiming at solving the technical problems in the background art.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the invention relates to a construction method of an anti-cracking wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) the construction method of the anti-crack mortar layer comprises the following steps:
1.1) basal plane treatment: removing rotten parts of the wall surface and the ground to be treated, roughening the wall surface and the ground, and cleaning;
1.2) construction of an anti-crack mortar layer:
taking cement glue powder-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar or cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on a wall surface and a ground according to a common construction method of plastering mortar and ground mortar, trowelling and polishing, and surviving after drying thoroughly, so that the next step can be carried out;
2) construction of radon radiation shielding paint:
2.1) the method for calculating the brushing pass:
the radon radiation shielding rate of each construction pass is about m, and the radon radiation shielding rate and the construction pass conform to the formula:
p＝1-mn(n is the number of construction passes);
according to p and m, the number of times n required to be constructed can be calculated;
2.2) construction of radon radiation shielding paint:
sequentially coating radon radiation shielding coatings according to the required times, wherein the next coating can be carried out only after the previous coating is completely dried, and after the coating is finished, the preparation of the anti-cracking radon radiation shielding coating on the wall surface is finished;
3) the construction method of the ground wear-resistant layer comprises the following steps:
taking the wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on the ground according to a common ground mortar construction method, trowelling and smoothing, and completely drying to finish the preparation of the anti-crack wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating.
Preferably, the radon radiation shielding paint in the step 2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55 to 25 percent of water, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of dispersant (the product production or sale enterprises are chemical industry of Chengdu, type: CB-1108, Shanghai Mingda chemical industry Co., Ltd., type: SN-5040, or Hentongheng chemical industry Co., Ltd., type: HL-5040, etc.), 0.1 to 0.3 percent of defoaming agent (the product production or sale enterprises are chemical industry Co., Ltd., type: LM-100, Beijing Jianbao New technology Co., type: Jianbao/150, or Chengdu Xiangjiang coating Co., type: W-W103, etc.), 0.3 to 1.0 percent of film-forming auxiliary agent (the product production or sale enterprises are Lijia trade Co., Ltd., type: SD-505, Shanghai Motian chemical Co., Ltd., type: ncp-2, or Shuangzhou Shuangchun trade Co., Ltd. The model is as follows: a coalescent of TEXANOL; etc.), 0.1% -0.3% of preservative (the product production or sale enterprises are: ks-250, chemical Limited, Kathon, Jinan; DL-T201, denudel blue chemical ltd; jinan Zhongsheng chemical Co., Ltd., ZT30), 0.1-0.5% of a thickener (product production or sale enterprises are: HY-307, Beijing Maier chemical engineering science and technology, Inc.; guandong Nanhui New Material Co., Ltd, CO-0029; guangzhou City Runchong chemical Co., Ltd., RM-8W), 1% -5% sericite (200 mesh-1500 mesh), 1% -5% glass powder (200 mesh-1500 mesh), 5% -10% titanium dioxide (product production or sale enterprises have: shandong Chi chemical Co., Ltd; henan Junsheng chemical products, Inc.; chengdu green guided technology ltd), 10-30% of heavy calcium powder (200-1500 meshes), 5-15% of 2% of hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution, 30-60% of acrylic emulsion (product production or sale enterprises are: jingning hongming chemical reagents ltd, E0503; ningjin luke environmental protection coatings ltd, LK 406; shenzhen, Jinfeng chemical Co., Ltd., AP-5036).
Preferably, the preparation method of the radon radiation shielding paint in the step 2) is as follows:
1) preparation of 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution:
according to the weight percentage of hydroxyethyl cellulose: measuring the water by 2:98, slowly adding hydroxyethyl cellulose (the product production or sale enterprises are hydroxyethyl cellulose of Sanliter trade company Limited in the area of cis and de in Fushan City, the model is HS10000YP2, Huixiang chemical company Limited in Guangzhou City, the model is HS30000YP2, or Shanghai Xianshen New Material company Limited, the model is HS60000YP2, and the like) under the condition of continuous stirring, stirring until the water is completely dissolved to form transparent colloid, thus obtaining 2 percent of hydroxyethyl cellulose water-soluble;
2) and (3) filler dispersion:
adding water, a dispersing agent, a defoaming agent, sericite, glass powder, titanium dioxide and coarse whiting powder filler in turn according to the proportion under the stirring state, and dispersing at a high speed until the materials are completely dispersed;
3) paint mixing:
and adding the hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution, the acrylic emulsion, the preservative and the thickening agent according to the proportion, and stirring at a low speed until the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain the radon radiation shielding paint.
Preferably, the cement-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar in the step 1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15 to 50 percent of ordinary portland cement (type: 425 cement; 325 cement), 1 to 5 percent of rubber powder (production enterprises comprise Shenzhen Bo Shunhuang chemical engineering Limited company, SWF-01; Beijing Jiamei Huake technical development Limited company, JMH-09; Shijia Kaixiang chemical engineering Limited company, kx-101), 40 to 83 percent of construction sand (fineness: 35 meshes to 60 meshes), 0.1 to 0.5 percent of dry powder water reducing agent (production enterprises comprise Shouguang Hongan engineering material Limited company, FDN-C; Shandong high-strength science and technology Limited company, GQ-206S1, Shandong 37075; Shandong Huanhuang novel building material Limited company, RM-MA), 0.1 to 0.3 percent of dispersing agent (product production or sale is Chengding chemical engineering enterprises, type: CB-1108, Shanghai Mingda chemical engineering Limited company, SN-5040, or Shandong Union Chemicals, Inc., model number: a dispersant of HL-5040; etc.), 0.1% to 0.3% of a defoaming agent (production enterprises have: "Nicoti Henxin chemical technology, Inc., THIX-568; south sea field chemical Limited, Foshan City, ST-60; SPJ-D30, Jiangsu Huajin chemical engineering technologies, ltd), 0.1% to 0.5% of a reinforcing fiber (length: 3mm-9 mm).
Preferably, the preparation method of the cement-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar in the step 1) is as follows:
1) drying the building sand: drying the building sand by an air drying or drying method until the building sand is dried completely;
2) adding various raw materials into a dry-mixed mortar machine, and mixing uniformly to obtain the cement powder-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar.
Preferably, the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar in the step 1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 16 to 50 percent of ordinary portland cement, 40 to 84 percent of construction sand and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of dry powder water reducing agent.
Preferably, the preparation method of the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar in the step 1) is as follows:
1) drying the building sand: drying the building sand by an air drying or drying method until the building sand is dried completely;
2) adding various raw materials into a dry-mixed mortar machine, and mixing uniformly to obtain a cement elastic emulsion-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar component A;
3) the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar B comprises elastic emulsion (production enterprises have: jingning hongming chemical reagents ltd, E0503; ningjin luke environmental protection coatings ltd, LK 406; shenzhen, Jinfeng chemical Co., Ltd, AP-5036), 50 parts of A and 1-5 parts of B are mixed for use on site during construction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
1) the anti-crack mortar bottom layer provided by the invention can resist the influence caused by cracking of the wall and the ground, and solves the problem of an engineering defect in the application of the radon radiation shielding coating;
2) the wear-resistant layer on the ground radon radiation shielding coating can protect the radon radiation shielding coating, so that personnel can conveniently step on the wear-resistant layer, and the technical problem of ground wear-resistant engineering in the coating radon radiation shielding engineering is solved.
3) Provides a novel radon radiation shielding function building material, which makes outstanding contribution to the structure adjustment and technical upgrade of the novel building material industry;
4) provides a novel reliable method for solving the problem of radon radiation shielding in building engineering.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention further, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and other insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art based on the teachings set forth herein are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The construction method of the anti-cracking wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating provided by the method comprises the following steps:
1) the construction method of the anti-crack mortar layer comprises the following steps:
1.1) basal plane treatment: removing rotten parts of the wall surface and the ground to be treated, roughening the wall surface and the ground, and cleaning;
1.2) construction of an anti-crack mortar layer:
taking cement glue powder-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar or cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on a wall surface and a ground according to a common construction method of plastering mortar and ground mortar, trowelling and polishing, and surviving after drying thoroughly, so that the next step can be carried out;
the cement powder based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15 to 50 percent of ordinary portland cement, 1 to 5 percent of rubber powder, 40 to 83 percent of building sand, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of dry powder water reducing agent, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of dispersant, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of defoamer and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of reinforcing fiber. The preparation method of the cement powder-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: drying the building sand: drying the building sand by an air drying or drying method until the building sand is dried completely;
the second step is that: adding various raw materials into a dry-mixed mortar machine, and mixing uniformly to obtain the cement powder-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar.
The cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 16 to 50 percent of ordinary portland cement, 40 to 84 percent of construction sand and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of dry powder water reducing agent.
The preparation method of the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: drying the building sand: drying the building sand by an air drying or drying method until the building sand is dried completely;
the second step is that: adding various raw materials into a dry-mixed mortar machine, and mixing uniformly to obtain a cement elastic emulsion-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar component A;
the third step: the component B of the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar is elastic emulsion, and 50 parts of A and 1-5 parts of B are mixed for use on site during construction.
2) Construction of radon radiation shielding paint:
2.1) the method for calculating the brushing pass:
the radon radiation shielding rate of each construction pass is about m, and the radon radiation shielding rate and the construction pass conform to the formula:
p＝1-mn(n is the number of construction passes);
according to p and m, the number of times n required to be constructed can be calculated;
2.2) construction of radon radiation shielding paint:
sequentially coating radon radiation shielding coatings according to the required times, wherein the next coating can be carried out only after the previous coating is completely dried, and after the coating is finished, the preparation of the anti-cracking radon radiation shielding coating on the wall surface is finished;
the radon radiation shielding paint comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 25 percent of water, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of dispersant, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of defoaming agent, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of film forming additive, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of preservative, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of thickening agent, 1 to 5 percent of sericite, 1 to 5 percent of glass powder, 5 to 10 percent of titanium dioxide, 10 to 30 percent of heavy calcium powder, 5 to 15 percent of 2 percent of hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution and 30 to 60 percent of acrylic emulsion.
The preparation method of the radon radiation shielding paint comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution;
according to the weight percentage of hydroxyethyl cellulose: measuring the amount of water to be 2:98, slowly adding the hydroxyethyl cellulose under the condition of continuous stirring, and stirring until the hydroxyethyl cellulose is completely dissolved to form transparent colloid, thus obtaining 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose water solution;
the second step is that: dispersing the filler;
adding water, a dispersing agent, a defoaming agent, sericite, glass powder, titanium dioxide and coarse whiting powder filler in turn according to the proportion under the stirring state, and dispersing at a high speed until the materials are completely dispersed;
the third step: mixing paint;
and adding the hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution, the acrylic emulsion, the preservative and the thickening agent according to the proportion, and stirring at a low speed until the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain the radon radiation shielding paint.
3) Construction method of ground wear-resistant layer
Taking the wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on the ground according to a common ground mortar construction method, trowelling and smoothing, and completely drying to finish the preparation of the anti-crack wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating.
The following are specific application examples of the present invention
Example 1:
a construction method of an anti-crack and wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. preparation of radon radiation shielding paint
The radon radiation shielding paint comprises the following components: 15% of water, 0.5% of dispersing agent, 0.2% of defoaming agent, 1.0% of film-forming additive, 0.1% of preservative, 0.1% of thickening agent, 3% of sericite, 3% of glass powder, 8% of titanium dioxide, 14% of heavy calcium carbonate powder, 10% of 2% of hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution and 45% of acrylic emulsion.
The preparation method of the radon radiation shielding paint comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation of 2% aqueous solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose
According to the weight percentage of hydroxyethyl cellulose: and (2) metering the water in a ratio of 2:98, slowly adding the hydroxyethyl cellulose under the condition of continuous stirring, and stirring until the hydroxyethyl cellulose is completely dissolved to form a transparent colloid, so that the 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose water solution is prepared.
The second step is that: filler dispersion
According to the formula, water, a dispersing agent, a defoaming agent, sericite, glass powder, titanium dioxide, coarse whiting powder and other fillers are sequentially added under the stirring state, and the high-speed dispersion is carried out until the complete dispersion is achieved.
The third step: paint mixing
Adding hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution, acrylic emulsion, preservative and thickening agent, stirring at low speed until the mixture is uniformly stirred, and obtaining the radon radiation shielding paint.
2. Preparation of anti-crack wear-resistant mortar
The preparation method of the cement powder-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar comprises the following steps:
the cement powder-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar comprises the following components:
35 percent of ordinary portland cement, 2 percent of rubber powder, 62.6 percent of construction sand (fineness: 35-60 meshes), 0.2 percent of dry powder water reducing agent, 0.2 percent of dispersing agent, 0.1 percent of defoaming agent and 0.3 percent of reinforcing fiber.
The preparation method of the cement powder based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: drying the building sand: and drying the construction sand by air drying or baking until the construction sand is completely dried.
The second step is that: adding various raw materials into a dry-mixed mortar machine, and mixing uniformly to obtain the cement powder-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar.
3. Construction method of anti-crack wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating
a. The construction method of the anti-crack mortar layer comprises the following steps:
first-step basal plane treatment: removing rotten parts of the wall surface and the ground surface to be treated, roughening the wall surface and the ground surface, and cleaning.
And a second step of constructing an anti-crack mortar layer:
taking cement glue powder based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on the wall surface and the ground according to a common construction method of plastering mortar and ground mortar, trowelling and smoothing, and surviving after drying completely, so that the next construction of radon radiation shielding paint can be carried out.
b. Construction of radon radiation shielding paint:
the first step of the calculation method of the brushing times comprises the following steps:
the radon radiation shielding rate of each construction pass is about m, and the radon radiation shielding rate and the construction pass conform to the formula:
p＝1-mn(n is the number of construction passes).
And calculating the pass n required to be constructed according to the p and the m.
The second step of radon radiation shielding coating construction:
and sequentially coating the radon radiation shielding coating according to the required times, wherein the next coating can be carried out only after the coating film of the previous time is completely dried, and after the coating is finished, the preparation of the anti-cracking radon radiation shielding coating is finished on the wall surface.
c. Construction method of ground wear-resistant layer
Taking the wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on the ground according to a common ground mortar construction method, trowelling and smoothing, and completely drying to finish the preparation of the anti-crack wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating.
Example 2:
a construction method of an anti-crack and wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. preparation of radon radiation shielding paint
The radon radiation shielding paint comprises the following components: 15% of water, 0.5% of dispersing agent, 0.2% of defoaming agent, 1.0% of film-forming additive, 0.1% of preservative, 0.1% of thickening agent, 3% of sericite, 3% of glass powder, 8% of titanium dioxide, 14% of heavy calcium powder, 10% of 2% of hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution and 45% of acrylic emulsion.
The preparation method of the radon radiation shielding paint comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation of 2% aqueous solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose
According to the weight percentage of hydroxyethyl cellulose: and (2) metering the water in a ratio of 2:98, slowly adding the hydroxyethyl cellulose under the condition of continuous stirring, and stirring until the hydroxyethyl cellulose is completely dissolved to form a transparent colloid, so that the 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose water solution is prepared.
The second step is that: filler dispersion
According to the formula, water, a dispersing agent, a defoaming agent, sericite, glass powder, titanium dioxide, coarse whiting powder and other fillers are sequentially added under the stirring state, and the high-speed dispersion is carried out until the complete dispersion is achieved.
The third step: paint mixing
Adding hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution, acrylic emulsion, preservative and thickening agent, stirring at low speed until the mixture is uniformly stirred, and obtaining the radon radiation shielding paint.
2. Preparation of anti-crack wear-resistant mortar
The preparation method of the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar comprises the following steps:
the component A of the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar comprises the following components:
40 percent of ordinary portland cement, 60 percent of construction sand and 0.2 percent of dry powder water reducing agent
The preparation method of the component A of the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: drying the building sand: and drying the construction sand by air drying or baking until the construction sand is completely dried.
The second step is that: adding various raw materials into a dry-mixed mortar machine, and mixing uniformly to obtain the component A of the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar.
The component B of the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar is elastic emulsion, and 50 parts of A and 2 parts of B are mixed for use on site during construction.
3. Construction method of anti-crack wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating
a. The construction method of the anti-crack mortar layer comprises the following steps:
first-step basal plane treatment: removing rotten parts of the wall surface and the ground surface to be treated, roughening the wall surface and the ground surface, and cleaning.
And a second step of constructing an anti-crack mortar layer:
taking the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar on the wall surface and the ground according to a common construction method of plastering mortar and ground mortar, trowelling and smoothing, and surviving after drying completely so as to carry out the next construction of radon radiation shielding paint.
b. Construction of radon radiation shielding paint:
the first step of the calculation method of the brushing times comprises the following steps:
the radon radiation shielding rate of each construction pass is about m, and the radon radiation shielding rate and the construction pass conform to the formula:
p＝1-mn(n is the number of construction passes).
And calculating the pass n required to be constructed according to the p and the m.
The second step of radon radiation shielding coating construction:
and sequentially coating the radon radiation shielding coating according to the required times, wherein the next coating can be carried out only after the coating film of the previous time is completely dried, and after the coating is finished, the preparation of the anti-cracking radon radiation shielding coating is finished on the wall surface.
c. Construction method of ground wear-resistant layer
Taking the wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on the ground according to a common ground mortar construction method, trowelling and smoothing, and completely drying to finish the preparation of the anti-crack wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating.
Examples 3 to 14:
the percentage contents of the dispersing agent, the defoaming agent, the film-forming assistant, the preservative and the thickening agent in the radon radiation shielding paint ingredient are mainly changed, the percentage content of water is changed, other raw materials and percentages are the same as those in example 1, and the related parameter changes are as follows:
examples 3-14 were prepared according to the same procedure as in example 1 to produce radon radiation shielding coatings.
Examples 15 to 27:
the percentage contents of sericite, glass powder and titanium dioxide in the radon radiation shielding paint ingredient are mainly changed, the percentage content of heavy calcium powder is changed, other raw materials and percentages are the same as those in example 1, and the related parameter changes are as follows:
examples 15-27 were prepared according to the same procedure as in example 1 to produce radon radiation shielding coatings.
Examples 28 to 31:
the percentage contents of acrylic emulsion and hydroxyethyl cellulose ether aqueous solution in the radon radiation shielding paint ingredient are mainly changed, the percentage content of water is changed, other raw materials and percentages are the same as those in example 1, and the related parameter changes are as follows:
examples 28-31 were prepared according to the same procedure as in example 1 to produce radon radiation shielding coatings.
Examples 32 to 38:
the percentage content of ordinary portland cement in the ingredients of the cement-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar is mainly changed, the percentage content of sand is changed, other raw materials and percentages are the same as those in example 1, and the related parameter changes are as follows:
the preparation method and the steps of the examples 32 to 38 are the same as those of the example 1, the cement-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar can be prepared, when the cement content is 15 to 30 percent, the cement content is low, and the cement-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar is suitable for office floors and floors through which pedestrians pass in underground engineering, and when the cement content is 30 to 50 percent, the cement content is high, and the cement-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar is suitable for pavements through heavy vehicles in underground engineering and floors needing to bear heavy weight.
Examples 39 to 42:
the percentage content of the rubber powder in the cement rubber powder based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar ingredient is mainly changed, the percentage content of the sand is changed, other raw materials and the percentage of the raw materials are the same as the example 1, and the related parameter changes are as follows:
| example numbering | Rubber powder (%) | Sand (%) |
| 39 | 1 | 64 |
| 40 | 3 | 62 |
| 41 | 4 | 61 |
| 42 | 5 | 60 |
The preparation method and the steps of the examples 39 to 42 are the same as those of the example 1, and the cement-based rubber powder anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar can be prepared.
Examples 43 to 54:
the percentage contents of a dry powder water reducing agent, a defoaming agent and polypropylene fibers in the ingredients of the cement-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar are mainly changed, the percentages of other raw materials and the raw materials are the same as those in example 1, and the related parameter changes are as follows:
the preparation method and the steps of the examples 43 to 54 are the same as those of the example 1, and the cement-based anti-cracking and wear-resisting mortar can be prepared.
Examples 55 to 61:
the percentage content of the component A of the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar, namely the ordinary portland cement, is changed, the percentage content of water is changed, other raw materials and the percentage of the raw materials are the same as the example 2, and the change of relevant parameters is as follows:
| example numbering | Cement (%) | Sand (%) |
| 55 | 16 | 84 |
| 56 | 20 | 80 |
| 57 | 25 | 75 |
| 58 | 30 | 70 |
| 59 | 40 | 60 |
| 60 | 45 | 55 |
| 61 | 50 | 50 |
The preparation method and the steps of the examples 55 to 61 are the same as those of the example 2, and the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack and wear-resistant mortar component A can be prepared, wherein when the cement content is 16 to 30 percent, the cement content is low, so that the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack and wear-resistant mortar component A is suitable for office floors and floors through which pedestrians pass in underground engineering, and when the cement content is 30 to 50 percent, the cement content is high, so that the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack and wear-resistant mortar component A is suitable for pavements through heavy vehicles in underground engineering and floors.
Examples 62 to 65:
the percentage content of the dry powder water reducing agent in the component A of the cement elastic emulsion based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar is mainly changed, other raw materials and the percentage of the raw materials are the same as the example 2, and the related parameter changes are as follows:
| example numbering | Water reducing agent (%) |
| 62 | 0.1 |
| 63 | 0.3 |
| 64 | 0.4 |
| 65 | 0.5 |
Examples 62-65 the preparation method and procedure of example 2 were the same, and the A component of the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack and wear resistant mortar was obtained.
Examples 66 to 69:
the parts of the component B of the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar are mainly changed, other raw materials and the percentages of the raw materials are the same as those in example 2, and the related parameter changes are as follows:
| example numbering | Component B |
| 66 | 1 |
| 67 | 3 |
| 68 | 4 |
| 69 | 5 |
The preparation method and the steps of the examples 66 to 69 are the same as those of the example 2, and the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack and wear-resistant mortar can be prepared.
Examples 70 to 75:
the mesh number of the sand in the ingredients is changed, other raw materials and the percentage of the raw materials are the same as the example 1, and the change of relevant parameters is as follows in the above examples:
examples 70-75 the same procedures and formulations as in example 1 were used to produce anti-crack and anti-wear mortars.
Example 76:
the reinforced fiber in the cement glue powder based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar can be wood fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber and the like.
All the raw materials are commercially available products
In the above embodiment: the percentage ratios used are weight (mass) percentage ratios.
In the above embodiment: the process parameters and the numerical values of the components in each step are in the range, and any point can be applicable.
The present invention and the technical contents not specifically described in the above embodiments are the same as the prior art.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented with the above-described advantageous effects.
Claims (7)
1. A construction method of an anti-crack wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) the construction method of the anti-crack mortar layer comprises the following steps:
1.1) basal plane treatment: removing rotten parts of the wall surface and the ground to be treated, roughening the wall surface and the ground, and cleaning;
1.2) construction of an anti-crack mortar layer:
taking cement glue powder-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar or cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on a wall surface and a ground according to a common construction method of plastering mortar and ground mortar, trowelling and polishing, and surviving after drying thoroughly, so that the next step can be carried out;
2) construction of radon radiation shielding paint:
2.1) the method for calculating the brushing pass:
the radon radiation shielding rate of each construction pass is about m, and the radon radiation shielding rate and the construction pass conform to the formula:
p＝1-mn(n is the number of construction passes);
according to p and m, the number of times n required to be constructed can be calculated;
2.2) construction of radon radiation shielding paint:
sequentially coating radon radiation shielding coatings according to the required times, wherein the next coating can be carried out only after the previous coating is completely dried, and after the coating is finished, the preparation of the anti-cracking radon radiation shielding coating on the wall surface is finished;
3) the construction method of the ground wear-resistant layer comprises the following steps:
taking the wear-resistant mortar, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to a state suitable for construction, constructing on the ground according to a common ground mortar construction method, trowelling and smoothing, and completely drying to finish the preparation of the anti-crack wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating.
2. The construction method of the anti-cracking and wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radon radiation shielding paint in the step 2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 25 percent of water, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of dispersant, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of defoaming agent, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of film forming additive, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of preservative, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of thickening agent, 1 to 5 percent of sericite, 1 to 5 percent of glass powder, 5 to 10 percent of titanium dioxide, 10 to 30 percent of heavy calcium powder, 5 to 15 percent of 2 percent of hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution and 30 to 60 percent of acrylic emulsion.
3. The construction method of the anti-cracking and wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the preparation method of the radon radiation shielding paint in the step 2) comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution:
according to the weight percentage of hydroxyethyl cellulose: measuring the amount of water to be 2:98, slowly adding the hydroxyethyl cellulose under the condition of continuous stirring, and stirring until the hydroxyethyl cellulose is completely dissolved to form transparent colloid, thus obtaining 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose water solution;
2) and (3) filler dispersion:
adding water, a dispersing agent, a defoaming agent, sericite, glass powder, titanium dioxide and coarse whiting powder filler in turn according to the proportion under the stirring state, and dispersing at a high speed until the materials are completely dispersed;
3) paint mixing:
and adding the hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution, the acrylic emulsion, the preservative and the thickening agent according to the proportion, and stirring at a low speed until the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain the radon radiation shielding paint.
4. The construction method of the anti-cracking and wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the cement-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar in the step 1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15 to 50 percent of ordinary portland cement, 1 to 5 percent of rubber powder, 40 to 83 percent of building sand, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of dry powder water reducing agent, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of dispersant, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of defoamer and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of reinforcing fiber.
5. The construction method of the anti-cracking and wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the preparation method of the cement-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
1) drying the building sand: drying the building sand by an air drying or drying method until the building sand is dried completely;
2) adding various raw materials into a dry-mixed mortar machine, and mixing uniformly to obtain the cement powder-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar.
6. The construction method of the anti-cracking and wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar in the step 1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 16 to 50 percent of ordinary portland cement, 40 to 84 percent of construction sand and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of dry powder water reducing agent.
7. The construction method of the anti-cracking and wear-resistant radon radiation shielding coating as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the preparation method of the cement elastic emulsion based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
1) drying the building sand: drying the building sand by an air drying or drying method until the building sand is dried completely;
2) adding various raw materials into a dry-mixed mortar machine, and mixing uniformly to obtain a cement elastic emulsion-based anti-cracking wear-resistant mortar component A;
3) the component B of the cement elastic emulsion-based anti-crack wear-resistant mortar is elastic emulsion, and 50 parts of A and 1-5 parts of B are mixed for use on site during construction.
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Application publication date: 20201030 |