CN111851390B - Device and method for preventing damage of freezing to wading building - Google Patents

Device and method for preventing damage of freezing to wading building Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111851390B
CN111851390B CN201910333770.0A CN201910333770A CN111851390B CN 111851390 B CN111851390 B CN 111851390B CN 201910333770 A CN201910333770 A CN 201910333770A CN 111851390 B CN111851390 B CN 111851390B
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net cage
fish
water
wading
fish culture
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CN111851390A (en
Inventor
梁崇谦
刘涛
冯亚辉
任卫军
张广扬
于清霖
赵心广
司晓青
张友飞
秦彩苗
刘志利
刘健夫
朱建勇
王利平
潘欢庆
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Hebei Jishui Planning And Design Co ltd
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Hebei Jishui Planning And Design Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B1/00Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
    • E02B1/003Mechanically induced gas or liquid streams in seas, lakes or water-courses for forming weirs or breakwaters; making or keeping water surfaces free from ice, aerating or circulating water, e.g. screens of air-bubbles against sludge formation or salt water entry, pump-assisted water circulation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • A01K61/65Connecting or mooring devices therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preventing a wading building from being damaged by icing, and the device comprises a fish culture net cage which is rectangular and is arranged adjacent to the wading building, wherein the fish culture net cage is fixedly arranged on the wading building through a fixing structure, the lower part of the fish culture net cage extends into the water below an ice layer, and the upper part of the fish culture net cage is exposed out of the top end surface of the ice layer above the water; the fish culture net cage is internally cultured with cold water fish with a certain density, and the cold water fish is used for driving water in the fish culture net cage to exchange heat with water below an ice layer by utilizing self-swimming in winter so as to prevent a wading building from freezing. The invention adopts a biological method to avoid the damage of freezing to the wading building without consuming electric power and other energy sources, and the cold water fish can utilize the self-swimming to drive the water in the fish-farming net cage to exchange heat with the water below the ice layer in winter by arranging the fish-farming net cage around the wading building and feeding the cold water fish in the fish-farming net cage, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing the wading building from freezing.

Description

Device and method for preventing damage of freezing to wading building
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building equipment, in particular to a device and a method for preventing a wading building from being damaged by icing.
Background
The foundation of a building in the south is mostly buried under water flow, and some buildings in the north are buried under the water flow, so that the water surface can be frozen in cold winter, and the ice pressure has great damage effect on the winter operation of the wading building, such as ice pressure, freeze-thaw damage and the like.
The following main types of protective measures are currently used to prevent damage to buildings from icing:
1. the pressure aeration method is to make the water surface layer and the lower layer to convect forcibly by compressed air to prevent the building from icing in front.
2. The pressure water filling method is to pump the lower water layer with high temperature to near the water surface with a submersible pump to stir and heat the surface water around the building to avoid freezing.
3. The ice breaking method is mainly to break ice manually or mechanically to avoid over-icing of the surrounding water body of the building.
4. Optimizing building materials or structures to resist ice loads.
The above main protection measures have the following drawbacks and disadvantages:
1. the inflation method and the water filling method need to be independently provided with relevant equipment and are matched with corresponding electric facilities, so that on one hand, the energy consumption is increased, and on the other hand, hidden dangers exist in areas with low power supply failure rate;
2. the ice breaking method increases the management cost, and corresponding management personnel and equipment need to be additionally equipped in low-temperature seasons;
3. common methods for optimizing building materials or structures are increasing the grade of the concrete, adding antifreeze agents or increasing the size of the structure, all of which increase the construction cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for preventing an icing from damaging a wading building, and aims to solve the problems that an icing method of an inflation method and a water inflation method increases energy consumption and has hidden danger, an icing method increases management cost, building materials or structures are optimized to increase construction cost, energy consumption and management cost are reduced, the icing condition of the wading building is effectively prevented, and the icing cost is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The device for preventing the damage of the freezing to the wading building comprises a fish culture net cage which is rectangular and is arranged adjacent to the wading building, wherein the fish culture net cage is fixedly arranged on the wading building through a fixing structure, the lower part of the fish culture net cage extends into the water below an ice layer, and the upper part of the fish culture net cage is exposed out of the top end surface of the ice layer above the water; the fish culture net cage is internally cultured with cold water fish with a certain density, and the cold water fish is used for driving water in the fish culture net cage to exchange heat with water below an ice layer by utilizing self-swimming in winter so as to prevent a wading building from freezing.
According to the technical scheme, the fish culture net cage comprises a net cage frame and net pieces which are arranged on the net cage frame in an enclosing mode and are sequentially connected into a rectangular box body structure with an open top, and water through holes used for enabling water in the fish culture net cage to be communicated with water are formed in the net pieces.
According to the technical scheme, the fixing structure comprises a plurality of anchor bolts fixedly arranged on the net cage frame adjacent to one side of the wading building and a bolt with a connecting hook, one end of the bolt is articulated with the anchor bolts, the other end of the bolt is fixed with the wading building, the bolt with the connecting hook is arranged corresponding to the anchor bolts, and the connecting hook end of the bolt with the connecting hook is hooked with the anchor bolts.
Further optimize technical scheme, the bottom of fish culture box with a net is fixed to the bottom through the stake.
According to the technical scheme, three side surfaces of the fish culture net cage, which are not fixed with a wading building, are floated on a water body through a net cage floating body; the net cage floating bodies are connected and arranged on the top or the side wall of the net cage frame through ropes, and the net cage floating bodies are arranged in a plurality.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the net cage floating body is a floating barrel, and the floating barrel is a reinforced plastic floating barrel.
According to the technical scheme, the net cage floating body is an air bag, and an inflation hole and an air release hole are formed in the air bag.
The method for preventing the damage of the freezing to the wading building is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, designing and manufacturing a fish-farming net cage;
the net sheets are arranged on the four side walls and the bottom end of the net cage frame in a surrounding way, and the net sheets and the net cage frame form a rectangular box body structure with an opening at the top;
step two, putting the fish-farming net cage into the water body before the ice-forming period every year;
firstly, fixedly arranging one end of a plurality of bolts with connecting hooks into a wading building wall body, exposing the connecting hook end of the bolt with the connecting hooks, welding a plurality of anchor bolts on one side wall of a net cage frame of the fish culture net cage, and correspondingly hooking the connecting hook end of each bolt with the connecting hooks and each anchor bolt;
the fixed net cage floating body part extends into the water body, and the part is exposed out of the water surface of the water body;
step three, arranging the fish-farming net cage into a fixed type or a floating type;
when the water depth of the water body is shallow, the bottom end of a net cage frame of the fish culture net cage is fixedly arranged at the water bottom through a wooden pile;
when the water depth is deeper, the net cage floating bodies are arranged on the fish-farming net cage, the net cage floating bodies are arranged on the top or the side wall of the net cage frame, the number of the net cage floating bodies is determined according to the length of the fish-farming net cage, and the distance between the two net cage floating bodies is 2-3 m;
step four, putting cold water fish into the fish-farming net cage before the ice-forming period every year;
the variety of the cold water fish is carp, crucian carp and silver carp cold-resistant fish, the fingerlings are healthy and disease-free, and the stocking density of the fingerlings is 2300 to 2600 fish/mu;
feeding the feed; feeding feed into the fish cage periodically by manpower;
step six, regularly checking whether the fish culture net cage is damaged;
and seventhly, after the icing period is finished, salvaging the cold water fish in the fish cage, and dismantling the fish cage.
According to the technical scheme, the height of the fish culture net cage is 1-1.5 m, the width of the fish culture net cage is 2m, the length of the fish culture net cage is the same as the length of a wading building in a water body, the length of the fish culture net cage is determined according to the anti-freezing range of the wading building, and the height of the fish culture net cage is determined according to the freezing thickness by referring to local air temperature statistical data.
According to the technical scheme, the depth of the fixed net cage floating body entering water is 0.5-1.0 m, and the height of the net cage floating body above water is 0.5 m.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the technical progress of the invention is as follows.
The invention adopts a biological method to avoid the damage of freezing to the wading building without consuming electric power and other energy sources, and the cold water fish in the fish culture net cage is communicated with the water below the ice layer by arranging the fish culture net cage around the wading building and culturing the cold water fish in the fish culture net cage, so that the cold water fish can utilize the self-swimming to drive the water in the fish culture net cage to exchange heat with the water below the ice layer in winter, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing the wading building from freezing.
The fish-farming net cages are installed before the icing period of each year, cold water fish is put into the fish-farming net cages, and the cold water fish is fed in a small amount in winter, so that bait casting is hardly needed, the operation cost is reduced, and water pollution is avoided.
The fish-farming net cage can be repeatedly used, cold water fish thrown in before the icing period can be thrown to the market after being caught in spring, the manpower input is limited, and the running cost is almost zero.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the fish-farming net cage and a wading building;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2.
Wherein: 1. wading buildings; 2. a fish culture net cage 21, a net cage frame 22 and a net sheet; 3. a cage float; 4. an anchor bolt; 5. a bolt with a coupling hook; 6. a body of water; 7. an ice layer; 8. and (5) cold water fish.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The device for preventing the damage of the wading building caused by the ice is shown in the figures 1 to 2 and comprises a fish culture net cage 2, wherein the fish culture net cage 2 is rectangular and is arranged adjacent to the wading building 1.
The fish culture net cage 2 comprises a net cage frame 21 and net pieces 22, the net pieces 22 are arranged on the net cage frame 21 in an enclosing mode and are sequentially connected into a rectangular box body structure with an open top, and water through holes are formed in the net pieces 22 and are used for enabling water in the fish culture net cage 2 to be communicated with a water body 6.
The fish culture net cage 2 is internally cultured with cold water fish 8 with certain density, and the cold water fish 8 is used for utilizing self-swimming to drive water in the fish culture net cage 2 to exchange heat with water 6 below an ice layer 7 in winter, so as to prevent the wading building 1 from freezing.
The fish culture net cage 2 is fixedly arranged on the wading building 1 through a fixing structure, and the fixing structure comprises an anchor bolt 4 and a bolt 5 with a connecting hook. The anchor bolts 4 are fixedly arranged on the net cage frame 21 adjacent to one side of the wading building 1, and a plurality of anchor bolts are arranged. One end of a bolt 5 with a connecting hook is hooked with the anchor bolt 4, the other end of the bolt is fixed with the wading building 1, the bolt 5 with the connecting hook is arranged corresponding to the anchor bolt 4, and the connecting hook end of the bolt 5 with the connecting hook is hooked with the anchor bolt 4.
The lower part of the fish culture net cage 2 extends into the water body 6 below the ice layer 7, and the upper part of the fish culture net cage 2 is exposed out of the top end surface of the ice layer 7 above the water body 6, so that the water body 6 below the ice layer 7 is communicated with the water in the fish culture net cage 2 in winter.
In this embodiment, the fish culture cage 2 is fixed, the bottom end of the fish culture cage 2 is fixed to the water bottom through a pile, and the pile can be a timber pile or a cement pile.
The principle that the invention can prevent the wading building from freezing is as follows: in winter, the outside atmosphere is lower than 0 ℃, the surface layer of the water body 6 is frozen, the culture density of the cold water fish in the fish culture net cage 2 is reasonable, the cold water fish has certain cold resistance, and the cold water fish can continuously move in the fish culture net cage 2 in winter. Because the water in the fish culture net cage 2 is communicated with the water body 6 below the ice layer 7, the cold water fish can continuously stir the water in the fish culture net cage 2 when moving, the water in the fish culture net cage 2 can enter the water body 6 by the moving of the cold water fish, and meanwhile, the water in the water body 6 can also enter the fish culture net cage 2. When the fish culture cage 2 is frozen in winter, water below an ice layer enters the fish culture cage 2, so that heat exchange between water in the water 6 and water in the fish culture cage 2 can be realized, the temperature of the water below the ice layer is higher than 0 ℃, and the temperature of the water below the ice layer is close to that of the water below the ice layer and higher than 0 ℃ due to the swimming of cold water fish. Therefore, water in the fish culture net cage 2 cannot be frozen in winter, the wading building 1 in the water body 6 cannot be frozen due to the freezing of the water body 6 due to the arrangement of the fish culture net cage 2, and meanwhile, the arrangement of the fish culture net cage 2 can also prevent impulsive force from being caused to the wading building 1 due to the increase of the surface volume of the water body freezing water body, so that the damage of the freezing of the water body to the wading building is effectively prevented.
The invention reasonably controls the culture density of the cold water fish under the condition of ensuring the survival rate of the cold water fish 8, and can achieve the purpose of preventing the water body from freezing.
The invention discloses a method for preventing a wading building from being damaged by icing, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, designing and manufacturing the fish-farming net cage 2.
The net sheets 22 are arranged around the four side walls and the bottom end of the net cage frame 21, and the net sheets 22 and the net cage frame 21 together form a rectangular box body structure with an open top. The height of the fish culture net cage 2 is 1-1.5 m, the width of the fish culture net cage 2 is 2m, the length of the fish culture net cage 2 is the same as the length of a wading building in a water body, the length of the fish culture net cage 2 is determined according to the anti-freezing range of the wading building, and the height of the fish culture net cage 2 is determined according to the freezing thickness by referring to local air temperature statistical data.
And step two, putting the fish-farming net cage 2 into the water body 6 before the ice-forming period every year.
Firstly, one end of a plurality of bolts 5 with connecting hooks is fixedly arranged in the wall body of the wading building 1, the connecting hook end of the bolt 5 with the connecting hook is exposed, then a plurality of anchor bolts 4 are welded on one side wall of the net cage frame 21 of the fish culture net cage 2, and the connecting hook end of each bolt 5 with the connecting hook corresponds to each anchor bolt 4 and is hooked.
The floating body 3 of the fixed net cage extends into the water body 6 and partially exposes out of the water surface of the water body 6. The depth of the fixed net cage floating body 3 entering water is 0.5-1.0 m, and the height above the water is 0.5 m. The depth of water entry is determined according to the thickness of ice on the surface of the local water body, the depth of water entry always ensures that the lower part of the fish culture net cage 2 is communicated with the water body below the ice layer, and further ensures that cold water fish can drive the water body below the ice layer to enter the fish culture net cage 2 when moving.
And step three, the fish-farming net cage 2 is fixedly arranged, and when the water depth of the water body is shallow, the bottom end of the net cage frame 21 of the fish-farming net cage 2 is fixedly arranged at the water bottom through a wooden pile.
Step four, putting cold water fish 8 into the fish culture net cage 2 before the ice-forming period every year;
the variety of the cold water fish 8 is carp, crucian carp and silver carp cold-resistant fish, the fingerlings are healthy and disease-free, and the stocking density of the fingerlings is 2300 to 2600 fish/mu;
feeding the feed; feeding is manually and periodically put into the fish culture net cage 2;
step six, regularly checking whether the fish culture net cage 2 is damaged;
and seventhly, after the icing period is finished, salvaging the cold water fish 8 in the fish cage 2, and dismantling the fish cage 2.
Example 2
Based on the embodiment 1, the difference between this embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that when the water depth is deep, the fish culture net cage 2 in step three is set to be floating, the bottom end of the fish culture net cage 2 is not fixed any more, and the fish culture net cage 2 is floated on the water surface of the water 6 through the net cage floating body 3, as shown in fig. 3. The net cage floating bodies 3 are arranged on the fish culture net cage 2, the net cage floating bodies 3 are connected and arranged on the top or the side wall of the net cage frame 21 through ropes, and a plurality of net cage floating bodies 3 are arranged. The number of the net cage floating bodies 3 is determined according to the length of the fish culture net cage 2, and the distance between the two net cage floating bodies 3 is 2-3 m.
The net cage floating body 3 can be a floating barrel, and the floating barrel is a reinforced plastic floating barrel. Or the net cage floating body 3 is arranged as an air bag, and an inflation hole and an air release hole are arranged on the air bag.
The net cage floating body 3 is arranged aiming at the water area with large water level change and is suitable for the water area with deep water level and small wind wave.

Claims (10)

1. Device that prevents to freeze and destroy wading building, its characterized in that: the wading structure comprises a rectangular fish-farming net cage (2) which is arranged close to a wading building (1), wherein the fish-farming net cage (2) is fixedly arranged on the wading building (1) through a fixing structure, the lower part of the fish-farming net cage (2) extends into a water body (6) below an ice layer (7), and the upper part of the fish-farming net cage (2) is exposed out of the top end surface of the ice layer (7) above the water body (6); the fish culture net cage (2) is internally cultured with cold water fish (8) with a certain density, which is used for driving water in the fish culture net cage (2) to exchange heat with water (6) below an ice layer (7) by utilizing self-swimming in winter so as to prevent the wading building (1) from freezing.
2. A device for preventing damage to a wading structure from ice formation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fish culture net cage (2) comprises a net cage frame (21) and net pieces (22) which are arranged on the net cage frame (21) in an enclosing mode and are sequentially connected into a rectangular box body structure with an open top, and water through holes used for enabling water in the fish culture net cage (2) to be communicated with a water body (6) are formed in the net pieces (22).
3. An apparatus for preventing ice from damaging a wading structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the fixing structure comprises a plurality of anchor bolts (4) fixedly arranged on a net cage frame (21) adjacent to one side of the wading building (1) and bolts (5) with connecting hooks, wherein one ends of the bolts (5) are hung with the anchor bolts (4) and the other ends of the bolts (5) are fixed with the wading building (1), the bolts (5) with the connecting hooks are arranged corresponding to the anchor bolts (4), and the connecting hook ends of the bolts (5) with the connecting hooks are hooked with the anchor bolts (4).
4. An apparatus for preventing ice from damaging a wading structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the bottom end of the fish culture net cage (2) is fixed to the water bottom through a pile.
5. An apparatus for preventing ice from damaging a wading structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: three side surfaces of the fish-farming net cage (2) which are not fixed with the wading building (1) are floated on a water body (6) through a net cage floating body (3); the net cage floating bodies (3) are connected and arranged on the top or the side wall of the net cage frame (21) through ropes, and a plurality of net cage floating bodies (3) are arranged.
6. An apparatus for preventing ice from damaging a wading structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the net cage floating body (3) is a floating barrel, and the floating barrel is a reinforced plastic floating barrel.
7. An apparatus for preventing ice from damaging a wading structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the net cage floating body (3) is an air bag, and an inflation hole and an air release hole are formed in the air bag.
8. The method for preventing the damage of the freezing to the wading building is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, designing and manufacturing a fish-farming net cage (2);
the net sheets (22) are arranged on the four side walls and the bottom end of the net cage frame (21) in a surrounding manner, and the net sheets (22) and the net cage frame (21) jointly form a rectangular box body structure with an open top;
step two, putting the fish-farming net cage (2) into the water body (6) before the ice-forming period every year;
firstly, fixedly arranging one end of a plurality of bolts (5) with connecting hooks into the wall body of the wading building (1), exposing the connecting hook end of the bolts (5) with the connecting hooks, welding a plurality of anchor bolts (4) on one side wall of a net cage frame (21) of the fish-farming net cage (2), and corresponding and hooking the connecting hook end of each bolt (5) with the connecting hooks with each anchor bolt (4);
the fixed net cage floating body (3) partially extends into the water body (6) and partially exposes out of the water surface of the water body (6);
step three, arranging the fish-farming net cage (2) to be fixed or floating;
when the water depth of the water body is shallow, the bottom end of a net cage frame (21) of the fish culture net cage (2) is fixedly arranged at the water bottom through a wooden pile;
when the water depth is deeper, the net cage floating bodies (3) are arranged on the fish-farming net cage (2), the net cage floating bodies (3) are arranged on the top or the side wall of the net cage frame (21), the number of the net cage floating bodies (3) is determined according to the length of the fish-farming net cage (2), and the distance between the two net cage floating bodies (3) is 2-3 m;
step four, putting cold water fish (8) into the fish-farming net cage (2) before the ice-forming period every year;
cold water fish (8) is put into the fish pond, the cold-resistant fish of carp, crucian carp and silver carp, the fish species are healthy and disease-free, and the stocking density of the fish species is 2300 to 2600 fish/mu;
feeding the feed; feeding is manually and periodically put into the fish culture net cage (2);
step six, regularly checking whether the fish-farming net cage (2) is damaged;
seventhly, after the icing period is finished, salvaging the cold water fish (8) in the fish culture net cage (2), and dismantling the fish culture net cage (2).
9. A method of protecting a wading building against ice formation according to claim 8, wherein: the height of the fish culture net cage (2) is 1-1.5 m, the width of the fish culture net cage (2) is 2m, the length of the fish culture net cage (2) is the same as the length of a wading building in a water body, the length of the fish culture net cage (2) is determined according to the anti-freezing range of the wading building, and the height of the fish culture net cage (2) is determined according to the freezing thickness by referring to local air temperature statistical data.
10. A method of protecting a wading building against ice formation according to claim 9, wherein: the depth of the fixed net cage floating body (3) in water is 0.5-1.0 m, and the height of the net cage floating body on water is 0.5 m.
CN201910333770.0A 2019-04-24 2019-04-24 Device and method for preventing damage of freezing to wading building Active CN111851390B (en)

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CN113737709B (en) * 2021-08-10 2022-07-26 南昌工程学院 Method and system for preventing icing in front of dam

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