CN111850559B - 一种提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111850559B
CN111850559B CN202010739058.3A CN202010739058A CN111850559B CN 111850559 B CN111850559 B CN 111850559B CN 202010739058 A CN202010739058 A CN 202010739058A CN 111850559 B CN111850559 B CN 111850559B
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米鹏博
田歌
宋磊磊
魏成霖
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Zhonghang Armoured Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层，包括从下至上依次设置在陶瓷基体上的金属层和网格层，网格层的网格轮廓线凹陷形成交织的沟槽，沟槽对陶瓷的裂纹扩展形成导向作用，以防止陶瓷大面积碎裂。本发明所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层通过热喷涂技术在陶瓷表面制备织构结构涂层，涂层与陶瓷具备高的结合强度，沟槽具备裂纹导向作用，使陶瓷沿着沟槽碎裂，减少陶瓷碎裂面积。

Description

一种提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防护技术领域，尤其是涉及一种提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着装备技术的进步，对装甲的重量和防弹能力提出了更高的要求，装甲向着更轻、防护能力更强的方向发展。为了提高装甲对弹头的破坏能力，同时减轻装甲质量，目前的轻质装甲选用陶瓷面板作为迎弹面。陶瓷具备极高的硬度，在弹头撞击时可以起到破坏弹头的作用，但是陶瓷的低韧性使其在受到冲击时发生大面积碎裂，影响其二次防护能力。
研究人员通过在陶瓷材料裂纹扩展方向预先设置“脆弱面”来改变裂纹扩展方向，延迟陶瓷碎裂时间，提高陶瓷防护性能(YADAV S,Penetration resistance of laminatedceramic/polymer structures.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2003,28(5):557-574)。但这种“脆弱面”制备困难，而且“脆弱面”制备不当将直接导致陶瓷损坏，成为其潜在的危险。为提高陶瓷抗多发弹能力，研究人员还将整块陶瓷改为陶瓷片拼接结构。中国专利“一种防弹陶瓷插板”(公开号：CN104390522A)通过排列组合方法使防弹陶瓷块的接缝相互错开，来提高防弹性能，但陶瓷片拼接位置形成的接缝是其薄弱环节，容易被击穿。
目前，轻质装甲中如何提高陶瓷的抗多发弹能力成为了亟待解决的问题。。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足，提高陶瓷抗多发弹能力，本发明提供了一种提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层及其制备方法，通过热喷涂技术在陶瓷表面制备织构结构涂层，涂层与陶瓷具备高的结合强度，织构结构具备裂纹导向作用，使陶瓷沿着织构碎裂，减少陶瓷碎裂面积。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层，包括从下至上依次设置在陶瓷基体上的金属层和网格层，网格层的网格轮廓线凹陷形成交织的沟槽，沟槽对陶瓷的裂纹扩展形成导向作用，以防止陶瓷大面积碎裂。
进一步，所述网格层的网格形状为多边形，多边形边长为20～40mm。
进一步，所述网格层的相邻层的网格错位排布。
本发明还提供了一种如上述所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
(1)陶瓷表面粗化处理：陶瓷基体在制备织构涂层前先进行喷砂粗化处理；
(2)陶瓷表面金属化处理：采用物理气相沉积技术在陶瓷基体表面沉积1-5μm的金属层；物理气相沉积技术通过溅射产生粒子，与陶瓷表面元素发生反应，可实现沉积金属和陶瓷离子间的结合，增大结合强度，从而提高陶瓷的防弹能力；
(3)织构涂层制备：在金属层的表面覆盖一层金属网，然后采用超音速火焰喷涂或等离子喷涂的方法将金属粉末喷涂在覆盖有金属网的陶瓷基体上，涂层厚度为500～700μm，喷涂完成后将金属网去除；
(4)涂层后处理：涂层在制备完成后置于真空箱中保温，以增大涂层和基体的结合强度。
进一步，所述步骤(1)采用喷砂设备对陶瓷表面喷砂粗化处理，喷砂压力为0.5～0.6MPa，砂粒选择棕刚玉，粒度为60～80目，喷砂距离为20～30cm，喷砂角度为45°～90°，喷砂时间为5～10s；喷砂处理后采用压缩空气清理表面浮尘，并用超声波清洗表面，之后用吹风机烘干。
进一步，所述金属层(2)为金属Ti层。
进一步，所述步骤(3)中采用的金属网的形状为多边形，多边形边长为20～40mm，以此来调控织构结构的疏密程度，织构结构的疏密决定了陶瓷断裂延伸的路径，从而影响防弹性能；金属丝的直径为1.0～2.0mm。
进一步，所述步骤(3)中喷涂的金属粉末为Ti粉或WC-Co粉。
进一步，所述步骤(3)中等离子喷涂工艺参数为：喷涂电流为400～600A，喷涂电压为40～70V，喷涂距离为100～130mm；超音速火焰喷涂工艺参数为：燃气(C2H2)流量为20～26L/min，氧气流量为200～230L/min，喷涂距离为150～300mm。
进一步，所述步骤(4)中保温温度为400～600℃，保温时长为1～5h。
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层及其制备方法具有以下优势：
(1)本发明所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层包括沉积在陶瓷基体表面积的金属层和在金属层表面喷涂的金属网格层；其中，金属层通过物理气相沉积技术通过溅射产生粒子，与陶瓷表面元素发生反应，可实现沉积金属和陶瓷离子间的结合，增大结合强度，从而提高陶瓷的防弹能力。金属网格层在陶瓷基体表面形成分块区域，网格层的网格轮廓线凹陷形成交织的沟槽，涂层与陶瓷具备强结合力，陶瓷在受到冲击时，裂纹在扩展到涂层时会沿着裂纹扩展能量消耗少的沟槽扩展，沟槽对陶瓷的裂纹扩展形成了导向作用，可防止陶瓷大面积碎裂。另外，该涂层结构对装甲整体的重量影响小，制备工艺简单。
(2)本发明所述的网格层采用边长为20～40mm的多边形结构，通过调整边长来调控织构结构的疏密程度，织构结构的疏密决定了陶瓷断裂延伸的路径，从而影响防弹性能。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明实施例1所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的结构图；
图2为本发明实施例2所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的结构图；
图3为本发明实施例2所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的电镜图；
图4为本发明实施例4所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的结构图。
附图标记说明：
1-陶瓷基体；2-金属层；3-网格层。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层，包括从下至上依次设置在陶瓷基体1上的金属层2和网格层3，网格层3的网格轮廓线凹陷形成交织的沟槽，沟槽对陶瓷的裂纹扩展形成导向作用，以防止陶瓷大面积碎裂，网格层3为正方形网格。
上述提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的制备方法：该方法包括如下步骤：
(1)陶瓷表面粗化处理：陶瓷基体1在制备织构涂层前先进行喷砂粗化处理；采用喷砂设备对陶瓷表面喷砂粗化处理，喷砂压力为0.5MPa，砂粒选择棕刚玉，粒度为60目，喷砂距离为25cm，喷砂角度为60°，喷砂时间为8s；喷砂处理后采用压缩空气清理表面浮尘，并用超声波清洗表面，之后用吹风机烘干；
(2)陶瓷表面金属化处理：采用物理气相沉积技术在陶瓷基体(1)表面沉积2μm的金属Ti层2；
(3)织构涂层制备：在金属层2的表面覆盖一层金属网，金属网的形状为正方形，边长为25mm，金属丝的直径为1.0mm；然后采用超音速火焰喷涂或等离子喷涂的方法将金属粉末喷涂在覆盖有金属网的陶瓷基体1上，涂层厚度为500μm，喷涂完成后将金属网去除；
等离子喷涂工艺参数为：喷涂电流为500A，喷涂电压为70V，喷涂距离为100mm；
超音速火焰喷涂工艺参数为：燃气(C2H2)流量为25L/min，氧气流量为200L/min，喷涂距离为270mm；
(4)涂层后处理：涂层在制备完成后置于真空箱中保温，温度为550℃，保温时长为3h，以增大涂层和基体的结合强度。
实施例2
如图2-3所示，在实施例1的基础上，金属网的形状为菱形，边长为25mm。
实施例3
在实施例1的基础上，金属网的形状为正方形，边长为35mm。
实施例4
如图4所示，在实施例1的基础上，上下相邻的网格错位排布以形成品字状网格。
实施例5
在实施例1的基础上，将B4C陶瓷基体改换成Al2O3陶瓷。
实施例6
在实施例1的基础上，将Ti粉末改换成WC-Co粉。
对比例1
采用没有任何涂层的B4C陶瓷
对比例2
采用没有任何涂层的Al2O3陶瓷
数据测试
针对实施例1-6制备的陶瓷板以及对比例1-2的陶瓷板进行抗弯强度和冲击韧性测试，结果如表1。
表1实施例1-6制备的陶瓷板以及对比例1-2的陶瓷板测试结果
抗弯强度/MPa 冲击韧性/kJ·m<sup>-2</sup>
实施例1 480 12.3
实施例2 485 12.1
实施例3 475 10.4
实施例4 488 13.1
实施例5 453 11.6
实施例6 513 10.5
对比例1 363 5.6
对比例2 387 4.3
通过实施例和对比例发现，陶瓷表面制备织构结构涂层，对于陶瓷的抗弯强度和冲击韧性有明显的提升效果。金属网的形状对裂纹扩展路径起决定性作用，其中正方形、菱形网形成的沟槽呈直线状，陶瓷断裂时裂纹扩展路径相对较短；品字状网形成的沟槽呈折线状，陶瓷断裂时裂纹扩展路径较长，其冲击韧性相对较高，而且裂纹扩展到折线弯折处时，裂纹只有随越过弯折才能继续扩展，但若裂纹的能量不够，弯折会阻碍裂纹继续扩展，进而避免陶瓷破碎。
金属网的边长对陶瓷表面的岛状涂层面积有重要影响，边长越大，岛状涂层面积越大，在陶瓷表面所形成的沟槽相对就会减少，陶瓷断裂时裂纹扩展路径相对较短，其冲击韧性相对较低。
选用不同材料为喷涂材料时，材料本身的性能对陶瓷基体的抗弯强度有重要影响，喷涂材料为金属时，金属的抗弯强度相对较小，所以对陶瓷的抗弯强度提高相对较小，喷涂材料为硬质合金时，硬质合金的抗弯前度相对较大，所以对陶瓷的抗弯强度提高相对较大。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层，其特征在于：包括从下至上依次设置在陶瓷基体(1)上的金属层(2)和网格层(3)，网格层(3)的网格轮廓线凹陷形成交织的沟槽，沟槽对陶瓷的裂纹扩展形成导向作用，以防止陶瓷大面积碎裂；
该织构涂层由如下方法制备得到：
(1)陶瓷表面粗化处理：陶瓷基体(1)在制备织构涂层前先进行喷砂粗化处理；
(2)陶瓷表面金属化处理：采用物理气相沉积技术在陶瓷基体(1)表面沉积1-5μm的金属层(2)；
(3)织构涂层制备：在金属层(2)的表面覆盖一层金属网，然后采用超音速火焰喷涂或等离子喷涂的方法将金属粉末喷涂在覆盖有金属网的陶瓷基体(1)上，涂层厚度为500～700μm，喷涂完成后将金属网去除；
(4)涂层后处理：涂层在制备完成后置于真空箱中保温，以增大涂层和基体的结合强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层，其特征在于：所述网格层(3)的网格形状为多边形，多边形边长为20～40mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层，其特征在于：所述网格层(3)的相邻层的网格错位排布。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：该方法包括如下步骤：
(1)陶瓷表面粗化处理：陶瓷基体(1)在制备织构涂层前先进行喷砂粗化处理；
(2)陶瓷表面金属化处理：采用物理气相沉积技术在陶瓷基体(1)表面沉积1-5μm的金属层(2)；
(3)织构涂层制备：在金属层(2)的表面覆盖一层金属网，然后采用超音速火焰喷涂或等离子喷涂的方法将金属粉末喷涂在覆盖有金属网的陶瓷基体(1)上，涂层厚度为500～700μm，喷涂完成后将金属网去除；
(4)涂层后处理：涂层在制备完成后置于真空箱中保温，以增大涂层和基体的结合强度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)采用喷砂设备对陶瓷表面喷砂粗化处理，喷砂压力为0.5～0.6MPa，砂粒选择棕刚玉，粒度为60～80目，喷砂距离为20～30cm，喷砂角度为45°～90°，喷砂时间为5～10s；喷砂处理后采用压缩空气清理表面浮尘，并用超声波清洗表面，之后用吹风机烘干。
6.根据权利要求4所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述金属层(2)为金属Ti层。
7.根据权利要求4所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中采用的金属网的形状为多边形，多边形边长为20～40mm，金属丝的直径为1.0～2.0mm。
8.根据权利要求4所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中喷涂的金属粉末为Ti粉或WC-Co粉。
9.根据权利要求4所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中等离子喷涂工艺参数为：喷涂电流为400～600A，喷涂电压为40～70V，喷涂距离为100～130mm；超音速火焰喷涂工艺参数为：燃气(C2H2)流量为20～26L/min，氧气流量为200～230L/min，喷涂距离为150～300mm。
10.根据权利要求4所述的提高陶瓷防弹能力的织构涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中保温温度为400～600℃，保温时长为1～5h。
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DE102006047110A1 (de) * 2006-09-27 2008-04-03 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Keramische Panzerung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer keramischen Panzerung
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CN111057988A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-24 中航装甲科技有限公司 一种增强陶瓷三维约束涂层的制备方法

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