CN111850244A - Preparation method of heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade - Google Patents
Preparation method of heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN111850244A CN111850244A CN202010756999.8A CN202010756999A CN111850244A CN 111850244 A CN111850244 A CN 111850244A CN 202010756999 A CN202010756999 A CN 202010756999A CN 111850244 A CN111850244 A CN 111850244A
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- temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/006—Making ferrous alloys compositions used for making ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade, which comprises the following steps: step 1, material selection: selecting steel materials and alloys for rough machining to obtain corresponding blade blanks, wherein the alloys comprise aluminum ingots, AL-Cu alloys, AL-Si alloys and Mn; step 2, blank processing: carrying out vacuum quenching treatment, tempering treatment and subzero treatment on the obtained blank; step 3, preheating: selecting a corresponding crucible, uniformly coating talcum powder and water glass, heating, and adding alloy preheated to 200-400 ℃ until the alloy is molten; step 4, melting gold: putting the alloy melted in the step 2 into a refining furnace, and pressing Mn by utilizing hot air to prepare an alloy casting; step 5, heat treatment: and (4) putting the casting prepared in the step (4) into a heat treatment furnace for solid melting, and quenching the finished casting after heat treatment into water at the temperature of 60-80 ℃. The invention greatly improves the mechanical strength, hardness and mechanical smoothness of the compressor blade, better matches the use of the compressor and meets the actual use requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade, and belongs to the technical field of compressor blade materials and processing.
Background
The air-conditioning compressor is the heart of the automobile air-conditioning refrigeration system and plays a role in compressing and conveying refrigerant vapor; the compressor is divided into: both non-variable displacement and variable displacement. The air displacement of the fixed displacement compressor is proportionally increased along with the increase of the rotating speed of the engine, the power output cannot be automatically changed according to the refrigeration requirement, the influence on the oil consumption of the engine is large, the control of the fixed displacement compressor is generally realized by acquiring a temperature signal of an air outlet of an evaporator, and when the temperature reaches a set temperature, an electromagnetic clutch of the compressor is loosened, and the compressor stops working; when the temperature rises, the electromagnetic clutch is combined, the compressor starts to work, the fixed displacement compressor is also controlled by the pressure of the air conditioning system, and when the pressure in the pipeline is overhigh, the compressor stops working. The variable displacement compressor can automatically adjust power output according to set temperature, an air conditioner control system does not collect temperature signals of an air outlet of an evaporator, but controls the compression ratio of the compressor to automatically adjust the temperature of the air outlet according to change signals of pressure in an air conditioner pipeline, the compressor always works in the whole refrigeration process, and the adjustment of the refrigeration intensity is completely controlled by a pressure adjusting valve arranged in the compressor; when the pressure at the high-pressure end in the air-conditioning pipeline is too high, the pressure regulating valve shortens the stroke of the piston in the compressor to reduce the compression ratio, so that the refrigeration intensity is reduced; when the pressure at the high pressure end is reduced to a certain degree and the pressure at the low pressure end is increased to a certain degree, the pressure regulating valve increases the stroke of the piston so as to improve the refrigeration intensity.
At present, in the prior art, the strength and hardness performance of a compressor blade can be improved through a nitriding technology, the influence caused by factors such as friction is reduced, the quality and the service life of the blade are improved, but a certain amount of residual austenite components exist after quenching and tempering treatment, the residual austenite components are transformed to martensite along with time, so that the volume change in phase transformation influences the fine size change of the blade, the precision of the blade is reduced, the phenomenon of 'locked rotor' of the compressor is caused, and the like. Therefore, a new preparation method needs to be designed, which can comprehensively overcome the defects of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade, which greatly improves the mechanical strength, hardness and mechanical smoothness of the compressor blade, better matches the use of the compressor and meets the actual use requirements.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting materials: selecting steel materials and alloys according to the size and performance requirements of the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade to perform rough machining to obtain a corresponding air conditioner compressor blade blank, wherein the alloys comprise aluminum ingots, AL-Cu alloys, AL-Si alloys and Mn;
step 2, blank processing: carrying out vacuum quenching treatment on the obtained blank, and carrying out tempering treatment after the vacuum quenching treatment is finished; carrying out subzero treatment after introduction of tempering treatment; after the subzero treatment, the normal temperature state is recovered, and then the subsequent work can be carried out;
step 3, preheating: selecting a corresponding crucible, uniformly coating talcum powder and water glass in the crucible, heating, adding an aluminum ingot, an AL-Cu alloy and an AL-Si alloy which are preheated to 200-400 ℃, and continuing to heat until the alloy is molten;
step 4, melting gold: placing the alloy melted in the step 2 into a refining furnace, pressing Mn preheated to 600-;
when the furnace temperature rises to 800-860 ℃, uniformly spraying a modifier preheated to 200-240 ℃ on the metal liquid surface, standing for 10-12 minutes, slowly and uniformly stirring for 8-12 minutes to prepare an alloy melt, and casting the alloy melt into a mold to prepare an alloy casting;
step 5, heat treatment: and (3) putting the casting prepared in the step (4) into a heat treatment furnace for solid melting, controlling the temperature between 550 ℃ and 580 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4-6 hours, performing water quenching and artificial aging to prepare a finished casting, and quenching the finished casting after heat treatment into water at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a finished blade, wherein the time from the discharge of the finished casting to the water entry is controlled within 20 seconds.
As an improvement of the above technical scheme, the temperature of the vacuum quenching in the step 2 is 1000-1200 ℃, the temperature of the tempering treatment is 550-650 ℃, and the tempering treatment time is 1-1.5 hours.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the cryogenic treatment in the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature is reduced to-80 to-60 ℃ by an indirect temperature reduction mode, and then liquid nitrogen is directly introduced into a cryogenic treatment system to reduce the temperature to-180 to-120 ℃ for cryogenic treatment for 3 to 5 hours.
As an improvement of the technical proposal, the temperature rising speed of the refining furnace in the step 4 is controlled to be 80-100 ℃/hour.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the artificial aging process in step 5 is: the temperature is 160 ℃ and 180 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4 to 6 hours, and air cooling is carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following implementation effects:
the preparation method of the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade has reasonable process design, greatly improves the mechanical strength, mechanical hardness and mechanical smoothness of the compressor blade, eliminates the internal stress of a finished product casting, prolongs the service life of the product, better matches the use of the compressor, and meets the actual use requirement.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described with reference to specific examples.
Specific example 1:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting materials: selecting steel materials and alloys according to the size and performance requirements of the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade to perform rough machining to obtain a corresponding air conditioner compressor blade blank, wherein the alloys comprise aluminum ingots, AL-Cu alloys, AL-Si alloys and Mn;
the selection of the corresponding steel material, into which the corresponding alloy is incorporated, provides for the subsequent preparation for improving the mechanical strength, mechanical hardness and mechanical gloss of the compressor blade.
Step 2, blank processing: carrying out vacuum quenching treatment on the obtained blank, and carrying out tempering treatment after the vacuum quenching treatment is finished; carrying out subzero treatment after introduction of tempering treatment; after the subzero treatment, the normal temperature state is recovered, and then the subsequent work can be carried out;
the blank after quenching and tempering can improve the physical property of the blank, facilitate the subsequent gold melting effect and improve the processing quality of the blade.
Step 3, preheating: selecting a corresponding crucible, uniformly coating talcum powder and water glass in the crucible, heating, adding an aluminum ingot, an AL-Cu alloy and an AL-Si alloy which are preheated to 200 ℃, and continuously heating until the alloy is molten;
step 4, melting gold: putting the alloy melted in the step 2 into a refining furnace, pressing Mn preheated to 300 ℃ into the refining furnace by using hot air when the furnace temperature is raised to 720 ℃, slowly heating, slowly and uniformly stirring after the Mn is slowly and completely melted, introducing inert gas into the refining furnace, removing gas generated in the refining process, eliminating internal stress, preliminarily improving the quality of molten metal liquid, preventing flaws from occurring and influencing the subsequent processing effect;
when the furnace temperature rises to 800 ℃, uniformly spraying a modifier preheated to 200 ℃ on the metal liquid surface, standing for 10 minutes, slowly and uniformly stirring for 8 minutes to prepare an alloy melt, and casting the alloy melt into a mold to prepare an alloy casting;
step 5, heat treatment: and (3) putting the casting prepared in the step (4) into a heat treatment furnace for solid melting, controlling the temperature to be 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, performing water quenching and artificial aging to prepare a finished casting, and quenching the finished casting after heat treatment into water at 60 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a finished blade, wherein the time from the discharge of the finished casting to the entry of the finished casting is controlled within 20 seconds.
Further, the temperature of the vacuum quenching in the step 2 is 1000 ℃, the temperature of the tempering treatment is 550 ℃, and the tempering treatment time is 1 hour.
Specifically, the cryogenic treatment in the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature is reduced to minus 80 ℃ by an indirect temperature reduction mode, and then liquid nitrogen is directly introduced into a cryogenic treatment system to reduce the temperature to minus 180 ℃ to carry out cryogenic treatment for hours.
Further, the temperature rising speed of the refining furnace in the step 4 is controlled to be 80-100 ℃/h.
Further, the man-hour efficiency process in the step 5 is as follows: keeping the temperature at 160 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling by air.
The invention has reasonable flow design, greatly improves the mechanical strength, mechanical hardness and mechanical smoothness of the compressor blade, eliminates the internal stress of a finished product casting, improves the compression resistance of the product, prolongs the service life of the product, better matches the use of the compressor and meets the actual use requirement.
Specific example 2:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting materials: selecting steel materials and alloys according to the size and performance requirements of the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade to perform rough machining to obtain a corresponding air conditioner compressor blade blank, wherein the alloys comprise aluminum ingots, AL-Cu alloys, AL-Si alloys and Mn;
the selection of the corresponding steel material, into which the corresponding alloy is incorporated, provides for the subsequent preparation for improving the mechanical strength, mechanical hardness and mechanical gloss of the compressor blade.
Step 2, blank processing: carrying out vacuum quenching treatment on the obtained blank, and carrying out tempering treatment after the vacuum quenching treatment is finished; carrying out subzero treatment after introduction of tempering treatment; after the subzero treatment, the normal temperature state is recovered, and then the subsequent work can be carried out;
the blank after quenching and tempering can improve the physical property of the blank, facilitate the subsequent gold melting effect and improve the processing quality of the blade.
Step 3, preheating: selecting a corresponding crucible, uniformly coating talcum powder and water glass in the crucible, heating, adding an aluminum ingot, an AL-Cu alloy and an AL-Si alloy which are preheated to 400 ℃, and continuously heating until the alloy is molten;
step 4, melting gold: putting the alloy melted in the step 2 into a refining furnace, pressing Mn preheated to 600 ℃ into the refining furnace by using hot air when the furnace temperature is raised to 760 ℃, slowly heating, slowly and uniformly stirring after the Mn is slowly and completely melted, introducing inert gas into the refining furnace, removing gas generated in the refining process, eliminating internal stress, preliminarily improving the quality of molten metal liquid, preventing flaws from occurring and influencing the subsequent processing effect;
when the furnace temperature is increased to 860 ℃, uniformly spraying a modifier preheated to 240 ℃ on the metal liquid surface, standing for 12 minutes, slowly and uniformly stirring for 12 minutes to prepare an alloy melt, and casting the alloy melt into a mold to prepare an alloy casting;
step 5, heat treatment: and (3) putting the casting prepared in the step (4) into a heat treatment furnace for solid melting, controlling the temperature to be 580 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6 hours, performing water quenching and artificial aging to prepare a finished casting, and quenching the finished casting after heat treatment into water of 80 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a finished blade, wherein the time from the discharge of the finished casting to the entry of the finished casting is controlled within 20 seconds.
Further, the temperature of the vacuum quenching in the step 2 is 1200 ℃, the temperature of the tempering treatment is 650 ℃, and the tempering treatment time is 1.5 hours.
Specifically, the cryogenic treatment in the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature is reduced to-60 ℃ by an indirect cooling mode, and then liquid nitrogen is directly introduced into a cryogenic treatment system to reduce the temperature to-120 ℃ for cryogenic treatment for 5 hours.
Further, the temperature rising speed of the refining furnace in the step 4 is controlled to be 80-100 ℃/h.
Further, the man-hour efficiency process in the step 5 is as follows: keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 6 hours, and cooling the mixture by air.
The invention has reasonable flow design, greatly improves the mechanical strength, mechanical hardness and mechanical smoothness of the compressor blade, eliminates the internal stress of a finished product casting, improves the compression resistance of the product, prolongs the service life of the product, better matches the use of the compressor and meets the actual use requirement.
Specific example 3:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting materials: selecting steel materials and alloys according to the size and performance requirements of the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade to perform rough machining to obtain a corresponding air conditioner compressor blade blank, wherein the alloys comprise aluminum ingots, AL-Cu alloys, AL-Si alloys and Mn;
the selection of the corresponding steel material, into which the corresponding alloy is incorporated, provides for the subsequent preparation for improving the mechanical strength, mechanical hardness and mechanical gloss of the compressor blade.
Step 2, blank processing: carrying out vacuum quenching treatment on the obtained blank, and carrying out tempering treatment after the vacuum quenching treatment is finished; carrying out subzero treatment after introduction of tempering treatment; after the subzero treatment, the normal temperature state is recovered, and then the subsequent work can be carried out;
the blank after quenching and tempering can improve the physical property of the blank, facilitate the subsequent gold melting effect and improve the processing quality of the blade.
Step 3, preheating: selecting a corresponding crucible, uniformly coating talcum powder and water glass in the crucible, heating, adding an aluminum ingot, an AL-Cu alloy and an AL-Si alloy which are preheated to 300 ℃, and continuously heating until the alloy is molten;
step 4, melting gold: putting the alloy melted in the step 2 into a refining furnace, pressing Mn preheated to 500 ℃ into the refining furnace by using hot air when the furnace temperature is increased to 740 ℃, slowly heating, slowly and uniformly stirring after the Mn is slowly and completely melted, introducing inert gas into the refining furnace, removing gas generated in the refining process, eliminating internal stress, preliminarily improving the quality of molten metal liquid, preventing flaws from occurring and influencing the subsequent processing effect;
when the furnace temperature is raised to 830 ℃, uniformly spraying a modifier preheated to 220 ℃ on the metal liquid surface, standing for 11 minutes, slowly and uniformly stirring for 10 minutes to prepare an alloy melt, and casting the alloy melt into a mold to prepare an alloy casting;
step 5, heat treatment: and (3) putting the casting prepared in the step (4) into a heat treatment furnace for solid melting, controlling the temperature to be 530 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, performing water quenching and artificial aging to prepare a finished casting, and quenching the finished casting after heat treatment into water at 70 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a finished blade, wherein the time from the discharge of the finished casting to the entry of the finished casting is controlled within 20 seconds.
Further, the temperature of the vacuum quenching in the step 2 is 1100 ℃, the temperature of the tempering treatment is 600 ℃, and the tempering treatment time is 1.25 hours.
Specifically, the cryogenic treatment in the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature is reduced to-70 ℃ by an indirect cooling mode, and then liquid nitrogen is directly introduced into a cryogenic treatment system to reduce the temperature to-150 ℃ for cryogenic treatment for 4 hours.
Further, the temperature rising speed of the refining furnace in the step 4 is controlled to be 80-100 ℃/h.
Further, the man-hour efficiency process in the step 5 is as follows: keeping the temperature at 170 ℃ for 5 hours, and cooling by air.
The invention has reasonable flow design, greatly improves the mechanical strength, mechanical hardness and mechanical smoothness of the compressor blade, eliminates the internal stress of a finished product casting, improves the compression resistance of the product, prolongs the service life of the product, better matches the use of the compressor and meets the actual use requirement.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the invention with reference to specific embodiments, and the practice of the invention is not to be construed as limited thereto. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting materials: selecting steel materials and alloys according to the size and performance requirements of the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade to perform rough machining to obtain a corresponding air conditioner compressor blade blank, wherein the alloys comprise aluminum ingots, AL-Cu alloys, AL-Si alloys and Mn;
step 2, blank processing: carrying out vacuum quenching treatment on the obtained blank, and carrying out tempering treatment after the vacuum quenching treatment is finished; carrying out subzero treatment after introduction of tempering treatment; after the subzero treatment, the normal temperature state is recovered, and then the subsequent work can be carried out;
step 3, preheating: selecting a corresponding crucible, uniformly coating talcum powder and water glass in the crucible, heating, adding an aluminum ingot, an AL-Cu alloy and an AL-Si alloy which are preheated to 200-400 ℃, and continuing to heat until the alloy is molten;
step 4, melting gold: placing the alloy melted in the step 2 into a refining furnace, pressing Mn preheated to 600-;
when the furnace temperature rises to 800-860 ℃, uniformly spraying a modifier preheated to 200-240 ℃ on the metal liquid surface, standing for 10-12 minutes, slowly and uniformly stirring for 8-12 minutes to prepare an alloy melt, and casting the alloy melt into a mold to prepare an alloy casting;
step 5, heat treatment: and (3) putting the casting prepared in the step (4) into a heat treatment furnace for solid melting, controlling the temperature between 550 ℃ and 580 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4-6 hours, performing water quenching and artificial aging to prepare a finished casting, and quenching the finished casting after heat treatment into water at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a finished blade, wherein the time from the discharge of the finished casting to the water entry is controlled within 20 seconds.
2. The method for preparing the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the vacuum quenching in the step 2 is 1000-1200 ℃, the temperature of the tempering treatment is 550-650 ℃, and the tempering treatment time is 1-1.5 hours.
3. The method for preparing the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: the subzero treatment in the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature is reduced to-80 to-60 ℃ by an indirect temperature reduction mode, and then liquid nitrogen is directly introduced into a cryogenic treatment system to reduce the temperature to-180 to-120 ℃ for cryogenic treatment for 3 to 5 hours.
4. The method for preparing the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, the temperature rise speed of the refining furnace is controlled to be 80-100 ℃/h.
5. The method for preparing the heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: the artificial aging process in the step 5 comprises the following steps: the temperature is 160 ℃ and 180 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4 to 6 hours, and air cooling is carried out.
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| CN202010756999.8A CN111850244A (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Preparation method of heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade |
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| CN202010756999.8A CN111850244A (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Preparation method of heat pump electric automobile air conditioner compressor blade |
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| CN104313404A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-28 | 无锡康柏斯机械科技有限公司 | Alloy material for fixed blade of axial flow compressor and preparation method of alloy material |
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| CN106498245A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-03-15 | 江苏大学 | A kind of high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy of subzero treatment reinforcing and its preparation technology |
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| CN1417477A (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2003-05-14 | 上荣精工（上海）有限公司 | Vane of rotary compressor and its making process |
| CN101905420A (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2010-12-08 | 台州市百达制冷有限公司 | Method for manufacturing special sliders for rotary compressors by adopting 9Cr18 or 9Cr18Mo stainless steel |
| CN102410225A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-04-11 | 上海西工压缩机配件有限公司 | Compressor blade and preparation technology thereof |
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