CN111849595A - 汽油机油及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种汽油机油及其制备方法,该汽油机油包括清净剂,其质量分数为2至4%;分散剂,其质量分数为2至4%;抗氧剂,其质量分数为0.5至2.5%;黏度指数改进剂,其质量分数为5至12%;摩擦改进剂,其质量分数为0.1至0.5%;降凝剂,其质量分数为0.1至0.4%;抗泡剂,其质量分数为0.001至0.005%;以及余量为基础油。本发明提供的汽油机油的具有良好的节油能力,节油率在2.3%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发动机机油领域,具体涉及一种汽油机油及其制备方法。
背景技术
21世纪以来,随着对机动车排放的要求不断提高,同时发动机小型化、增压化、直喷等技术的不断发展,对发动机油的节能环保效果提出了更高的要求,汽油机油、柴油机油进入规格快速升级阶段。发动机燃烧过程中因摩擦导致的能量损失占比达到燃烧产生有效能量的20-25%,提高汽机油的润滑性能可以降低油品的摩擦系数从而有效提高其节油性能。而能够降低摩擦面的摩擦系数的物质统称为摩擦改进剂。传统的硫磷型润滑油在高温下易分解,导致润滑效果降低,加速设备,缸体等设备磨损。经研究发现纳米微粒作为润滑油添加剂,具有良好的抗磨减摩性能、高承载能力、并且对磨损表面具有一定的自修复功能,减少发动机部件间的磨损,同时能够将摩擦间的滑动摩擦变为滚动摩擦有效降低摩擦系数,从而减少燃油消耗,提高发动机的动力性能。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的主要目的之一在于提出一种汽油机油及其制备方法,以期至少部分地解决上述技术问题中的至少之一。
为了实现上述目的,作为本发明的一个方面,提供了一种汽油机油,包括:
清净剂,其质量分数为2至4%;
分散剂,其质量分数为2至4%;
抗氧剂,其质量分数为0.5至2.5%;
黏度指数改进剂,其质量分数为5至12%;
摩擦改进剂,其质量分数为0.1至0.5%;
降凝剂,其质量分数为0.1至0.4%;
抗泡剂,其质量分数为0.001至0.005%;以及
余量为基础油。
作为本发明的另一个方面,还提供了一种汽油机油的制备方法,包括:将如上所述的汽油机油的组份除基础油外混合后在的一定温度下加入基础油中,搅拌后即得到所述汽油机油。
基于上述技术方案可知,本发明的汽油机油及其制备方法相对于现有技术至少具有以下优势之一:
1、本发明提供的汽油机油的具有良好的节油能力,节油率在2.3%以上;
2、本发明提供的汽油机油通过台架实验验证,与壳牌HX-6 10W-40产品对比,在实验中酸值最终增加值比壳牌低0.4mgKOH/g,实验中机油的铁元素的含量终值比壳牌低6mg/kg,同转速下比壳牌节油效果超过2%,显示出本发明具有更好的抗氧化性能,更好的抗磨性能以及更好的节能效果,具有很大的实用性、可行性及重大的经济价值。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
本发明公开了一种汽油机油,包括:
清净剂,其质量分数为2至4%;
分散剂,其质量分数为2至4%;
抗氧剂,其质量分数为0.5至2.5%;
黏度指数改进剂,其质量分数为5至12%;
摩擦改进剂,其质量分数为0.1至0.5%;
降凝剂,其质量分数为0.1至0.4%;
抗泡剂,其质量分数为0.001至0.005%;以及
余量为基础油。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述清净剂包括磺酸钙、硫化烷基酚钙、烷基水杨酸钙中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述分散剂包括聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、硼化丁二酰亚胺中的至少一种;
在本发明的一些实施例中,其中聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺的分子量为1000-2300。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述抗氧剂包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、烷基二苯胺、酚类抗氧剂中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述黏度指数改进剂包括乙丙共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述摩擦改进剂包括改性纳米氟化镧粒子。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述降凝剂为烷基萘、聚α-烯烃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述抗泡剂为硅类抗泡剂或复合抗泡剂中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述基础油为溶剂精制基础油、加氢精制基础油中的至少一种。
本发明还公开了一种汽油机油的制备方法,包括:
将上述汽油机油的组份除基础油外混合后在的一定温度下加入基础油中,搅拌后即得到所述汽油机油。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述搅拌时间为1至3h;
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述搅拌方法包括机械搅拌或脉冲搅拌;
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述一定温度为55至65℃。
在一个示例性实施例中,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种汽油机油的配方,各组分以重量百分比计,包括以下组分:
1)清净剂2-4%:所用的清净剂为合成磺酸钙、硫化烷基酚钙、烷基水杨酸钙中其中的一种或者两种及其以上的组合;清净剂用于发动机油中,中和氧化或燃烧中生成的酸性物质并将粘附在活塞上的漆膜和积碳清洗下来,保持部件干净;清净剂的含量例如为2%、2.1%、2.2%、2.3%、2.4%、2.5%、2.6%、2.7%、2.8%、2.9%、3.0%、3.1%、3.2%、3.3%、3.4%、3.5%、3.6%、3.7%、3.8%、3.9%、4%;
2)分散剂2-4%:所用的分散剂为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺无灰分散剂、硼化丁二酰亚胺中的至少一种,其分子量控制在1000-2300;分散剂用于发动机油中,将发动机油中易于生成油泥的固体颗粒物、氧化单体等物质增溶分散在润滑油中;分散剂的含量例如为2%、2.1%、2.2%、2.3%、2.4%、2.5%、2.6%、2.7%、2.8%、2.9%、3.0%、3.1%、3.2%、3.3%、3.4%、3.5%、3.6%、3.7%、3.8%、3.9%、4%;
3)抗氧剂0.5-2.5%:所用的抗氧剂为二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、烷基二苯胺、酚类抗氧剂中的至少一种;抗氧剂用于润滑油中,能提高油品的抗氧化性能,并延长润滑油使用寿命;抗氧剂的含量例如为0.5%、0.6%、0.7%、0.8%、0.9%、1.0%、1.2%、1.4%、1.6%、1.8%、2.0%、2.1%、2.2%、2.3%、2.4%、2.5%:
4)黏度指数改进剂5-12%:所用的黏度指数改进剂为乙丙共聚物,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物中的至少一种;黏度指数改进剂用于润滑油中,能够提高润滑油的粘度并改善润滑油的黏度指数;黏度指数改进剂的含量例如为5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%、11%、12%;
5)摩擦改进剂0.1%-0.5%:所用的摩擦改进剂为改性纳米氟化镧粒子;用于润滑油中,摩擦改进剂能够降低发动机摩擦面之间的摩擦系数;摩擦改进剂的含量例如为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%;
6)降凝剂0.1-0.4%:所用降凝剂为烷基萘、聚α-烯烃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或者两种及其以上的组合;降凝剂用于润滑油中,能够降低润滑油的倾点,改善油品低温流动性能;降凝剂的含量例如为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%;
7)基础油为余量:所选基础油为溶剂精制基础油及加氢精制基础油中的至少一种。
8)抗泡剂,其质量分数为0.001-0.005%,为硅类抗泡剂或复合抗泡剂中的一种;抗泡剂用于润滑油中,能够抑制或消除油品在应用中产生的泡沫,抗泡剂的含量例如为0.001%、0.002%、0.003%、0.004%、0.005%;
该汽油机油的制备方法为:将各添加剂组分按着一定比例在55-65℃的温度下加入基础油中,搅拌1-3h,使其完全溶解在基础油中,即可得到本发明。
该发明的搅拌方式可使用机械搅拌或脉冲搅拌。
以下通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步阐述说明。需要注意的是,下述的具体实施例仅是作为举例说明,本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
下述实施例中使用的化学药品和原料均为市售所得或通过公知的制备方法自制得到。
实施例1
本实施例中汽油机油的成分按着质量分数比例调和汽机油,粘度等级为15W-40,具体为:
II类基础油:粘度为150N,含量为47.1%;
II类基础油:粘度为600N,含量为37%;
粘度指数改进剂:乙丙胶型,含量为9%;
清净剂1:高碱值磺酸钙,碱值大于295mgKOH/g,含量为1.5%;
清净剂2:中碱值磺酸钙,碱值大于145mgKOH/g,含量为0.5%;
清净剂3:低碱值磺酸钙,碱值大于45mgKOH/g,含量为0.5%;
分散剂1:高分子无灰分散剂,含量为2.5%;
抗氧剂1:二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,含量为1%;
抗氧剂2:烷基二苯胺,含量为0.4%;
摩擦改进剂:改性纳米氟化镧粒子,含量为0.3%;
降凝剂:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,含量为0.2%;
抗泡剂:2号复合抗泡剂0.002%。
实施例2
本实施例中汽油机油的成分按着质量分数比例调和汽机油,粘度等级为5W-40,为:
II类基础油:粘度为150N,含量为37%;
II类基础油:粘度为500N,含量为5%;
III类基础油:粘度为100N,含量为40%:
粘度指数改进剂:聚氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯型,含量为11.1%
清净剂1:高碱值水杨酸钙,碱值大于265mgKOH/g,含量为1.3%;
清净剂2:中碱值硫化烷基酚钙,碱值大于145mgKOH/g,含量为0.7%;
清净剂3:低碱值磺酸钙,碱值大于45mgKOH/g,含量为0.6%;
分散剂1:硼化丁二酰亚胺,含量为2.3%;
抗氧剂1:二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,含量为1.1%;
抗氧剂2:烷基二苯胺,含量为0.5%;
摩擦改进剂:改性纳米氟化镧粒子,含量为0.2%;
降凝剂:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,含量为0.2%;
抗泡剂:2号复合抗泡剂0.002%。
实施例3
本实施例中汽油机油的成分按着质量分数比例调和汽机油,粘度等级为5W-30,为:
II类基础油:粘度为150N,含量为37.1%;
III类基础油:粘度为100N,含量为33%;
IV类基础油:聚α-烯烃PAO6,含量为10%;
V类基础油:双酯类基础油,含量为3%;
粘度指数改进剂:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,含量为10%;
清净剂1:高碱值磺酸钙,碱值大于265mgKOH/g,含量为1.2%;
清净剂2:中碱值水杨酸钙,碱值大于160mgKOH/g,含量为0.8%;
清净剂3:低碱值磺酸钙,碱值大于45mgKOH/g,含量为0.5%;
分散剂1:单挂聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺,含量为2%;
抗氧剂1:二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,含量为1.5%;
抗氧剂2:酚类抗氧剂,含量为0.5%;
摩擦改进剂:改性纳米氟化镧粒子,含量为0.2%;
降凝剂:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,含量为0.2%;
抗泡剂:2号复合抗泡剂0.002%。
以实施例1为例节能汽机油进行理化指标检测,具体结果见表1
表1:节能汽油机油指标测试结果表
通过台架实验对实施例1与参比油进行燃料消耗率对比检验数据如表2所示
表1等速燃料消耗率检验数据(单位:g/kW.h)
其中,样品油为本发明所提供的汽机油,参比油为市售壳牌同级别汽机油。
由表2可以看出在进行发动机台架试验中,发动机以1500r/min的转速运转时,节油率为3.4%,发动机以2500r/min的转速运转时,节油率为2.3%,发动机以3500r/min的转速运转时,节油率为2.6%,说明纳米微粒作为润滑油添加剂,有良好的抗磨减磨效果,将摩擦部件间的滑动摩擦变为滚动摩擦,有效降低摩擦系数,从而减少燃油消耗。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种汽油机油,包括:
清净剂,其质量分数为2至4%;
分散剂,其质量分数为2至4%;
抗氧剂,其质量分数为0.5至2.5%;
黏度指数改进剂,其质量分数为5至12%;
摩擦改进剂,其质量分数为0.1至0.5%;
降凝剂,其质量分数为0.1至0.4%;
抗泡剂,其质量分数为0.001至0.005%;以及
余量为基础油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽油机油,其特征在于,
所述清净剂包括磺酸钙、硫化烷基酚钙、烷基水杨酸钙中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的汽油机油,其特征在于,
所述分散剂包括聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、硼化丁二酰亚胺中的至少一种;
其中聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺的分子量为1000-2300。
4.根据权利要求1所述的汽油机油,其特征在于,
所述抗氧剂包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、烷基二苯胺、酚类抗氧剂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的汽油机油,其特征在于,
所述黏度指数改进剂包括乙丙共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的汽油机油,其特征在于,
所述摩擦改进剂包括改性纳米氟化镧粒子。
7.根据权利要求1所述的汽油机油,其特征在于,
所述降凝剂为烷基萘、聚α-烯烃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的汽油机油,其特征在于,
所述抗泡剂为硅类抗泡剂或复合抗泡剂中的至少一种;
所述基础油为石蜡基溶剂基础油、石蜡基加氢基础油中的至少一种。
9.一种汽油机油的制备方法,包括:
将权利要求1至8任一项所述的汽油机油的组份除基础油外混合后在的一定温度下加入基础油中,搅拌后即得到所述汽油机油。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述搅拌时间为1至3h;
所述搅拌方法包括机械搅拌或脉冲搅拌;
所述一定温度为55至65℃。
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