CN111847998A - Core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111847998A CN111847998A CN202010582461.XA CN202010582461A CN111847998A CN 111847998 A CN111847998 A CN 111847998A CN 202010582461 A CN202010582461 A CN 202010582461A CN 111847998 A CN111847998 A CN 111847998A
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Classifications
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/14—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
- B28B1/16—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted for producing layered articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/50—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
- B28B1/525—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement containing organic fibres, e.g. wood fibres
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
- C04B2201/52—High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete [RPC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard and a preparation process thereof, wherein the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and an ultrahigh-performance concrete shell; the core body is made of foam concrete, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 0.8MPa, and the volume water absorption rate is less than or equal to 10%; the ultra-high performance concrete shell is made of fiber reinforced cement-based composite materials. The invention adopts the core-pulling-free process to prepare the composite heat-insulating wallboard, and the thickness of the prepared wallboard is 100-200 mm, and the surface density is 80-120 kg/m3On the basis, the bending resistance load is more than or equal to 15 times, the fire resistance limit is more than or equal to 3 hours, and the heat transfer coefficient is less than or equal to 0.75W/(m)2K), the air acoustics weighting sound insulation quantity is more than or equal to 50 dB; meanwhile, the foam concrete core and the ultrahigh-performance concrete shell are integrally formed, so that the problem that the heat-insulating material is not firmly bonded or separated from the wallboard shell can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard and a preparation process thereof, belonging to the technical field of preparation of building materials.
Background
The use of wallboard in the building field can practice thrift the cost of labor, improves the efficiency of construction, reduces the comprehensive cost of construction cost of wall body, and the cost of accomplishing the work can reduce about 5 ~ 10% than the brick wall building. With the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization process, the heat insulation performance, the fire resistance and the like of house buildings attract the wide attention of people, and the nation vigorously promotes the development of novel composite heat insulation wallboards which are light in weight, high in strength, energy-saving and easy to industrially produce.
At present, when a composite thermal insulation wallboard is prepared, a core mould is firstly arranged in a mould, prepared slurry is poured into the mould, after the slurry is finally solidified, the core mould is pulled out, and the hollow wallboard is prepared after demoulding; and then pouring a heat-insulating material into the prepared hollow wallboard to prepare the composite heat-insulating wallboard. The process for producing the composite heat-insulating wallboard by adopting the process of core-pulling and pouring the heat-insulating material has the problems of complex process, low production efficiency, unstable product quality and the like.
In order to solve the problems, patent CN102505798B discloses a composite thermal insulation wallboard and a preparation method thereof, and patent CN104478354B discloses a cement foaming thermal insulation core material, an inorganic composite thermal insulation board, a manufacturing method and a mold. However, the composite thermal insulation wallboard in the invention has the problems of small volume proportion of the thermal insulation core, poor thermal insulation performance, infirm bonding between the thermal insulation core and the shell, heavy weight of the composite thermal insulation wallboard and the like. Therefore, a novel core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard and a preparation process thereof need to be developed to solve the problems and prepare a light composite heat-insulation wallboard with excellent mechanical property, heat-insulation performance, fire resistance and sound insulation performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides a core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard and a preparation process thereof. The core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard prepared by the method has the advantages of small surface density, excellent heat-insulation performance, good mechanical property and durability and the like; meanwhile, the problems of complex process, low production efficiency, unstable product quality and the like of the existing composite heat-insulating wallboard are solved.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and an ultrahigh-performance concrete shell; the core body is made of foam concrete, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 0.8MPa, and the volume water absorption rate is less than or equal to 10%; the ultra-high performance concrete shell is made of fiber reinforced cement-based composite materials.
The further technical proposal is that the heat conductivity coefficient of the foam concrete is less than or equal to 0.05W/(m.K), and the dry density is less than or equal to 250kg/m3The compressive strength of the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material is more than or equal to 80MPa, and the flexural strength is more than or equal to 20 MPa.
The further technical scheme is that the foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100-145 parts of cement, 10-30 parts of mineral admixture, 9-16 parts of foaming agent, 5-16 parts of aerogel powder, 40-60 parts of water and 1-3 parts of water reducing agent.
The further technical scheme is that the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1000-1350 parts of cement, 100-250 parts of mineral admixture, 18-35 parts of organic fiber, 275-480 parts of quartz sand, 0.2-0.8 part of water-retaining agent, 7-27 parts of water-reducing agent and 300-550 parts of water.
The further technical proposal is that the foaming agent comprises a foaming component, a foam stabilizing component and a hydrophobic component; the foaming component is one of a rosin resin foaming agent, a synthetic foaming agent, a protein active matter type foaming agent and a compound foaming agent; the foam stabilizing component is one of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; the hydrophobic component is one of sodium methyl silanol, calcium stearate and polypropylene emulsion.
The further technical proposal is that the density of the aerogel powder is less than or equal to 0.08g/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is less than or equal to 0.020W/(m.K).
The further technical scheme is that the organic fiber is one of polypropylene fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyethylene fiber and polyacrylonitrile fiber, the length-diameter ratio is 30:1 to 50:1, and the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 2.0 GPa.
The further technical scheme is that the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent is more than or equal to 20%, and the solid content is 10-50%.
The further technical scheme is that the volume of the core body in the core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard is more than or equal to 60%.
The further technical scheme is that the preparation process of the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) assembly of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard die
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) Preparation of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry;
(4) preparation of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the slurry is hardened to obtain the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard.
The further technical scheme is that the core body die is made of one of PVC and steel.
The further technical scheme is that the core body is fixed through preformed holes in side dies on two sides, the size of the preformed holes is slightly larger than the size of the section of the core body, and a bottom die and side dies are assembled to obtain the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard die.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the dry density of the foam concrete is less than or equal to 250kg/m3The volume water absorption rate is less than or equal to 10 percent, the heat conductivity coefficient is less than or equal to 0.050W/(m.K), and the volume proportion of the core body is more than or equal to 60 percent, so that the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard has excellent heat-insulation, waterproof, sound-insulation and fireproof performances;
(2) the compressive strength of the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material is more than or equal to 80MPa, the flexural strength is more than or equal to 20MPa, and the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material is used as an ultrahigh-performance concrete shell to enable the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard to have excellent mechanical properties;
(3) The core body and the ultra-high performance concrete shell are integrally formed, so that the problem that the heat insulation material is not firmly bonded or separated from the wallboard shell can be effectively avoided;
(4) the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard realizes excellent mechanical, heat-insulation, fireproof, waterproof and sound-insulation performances on the basis of light weight;
(5) the core-pulling-free preparation process is adopted to replace the traditional core-pulling process to prepare the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard, and the problems of complex process, low production efficiency, unstable product quality and the like in the existing core-pulling process for preparing the composite heat-insulation wallboard are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rib-free structure of a core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulating wall panel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a full rib structure of a core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulating wall panel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulating wall panel half-rib structure;
fig. 1-3 illustrate the construction of the core and the ultra high performance concrete shell in the present invention, but are not limited to these three ways. It should be noted that fig. 1-3 are only schematic diagrams for explaining the present invention, and the shapes, appearances and sizes of the core and the ultra-high performance concrete shell are not limited thereto.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and an ultrahigh-performance concrete shell, wherein the core body is made of foam concrete, and the ultrahigh-performance concrete shell is made of a fiber reinforced cement-based composite material; the volume of the core body in the core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard accounts for 60 percent. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100 parts of cement, 20 parts of mineral admixture, 8 parts of rosin resin foaming agent, 0.030 part of methyl cellulose, 4 parts of sodium methyl silanol, 16 parts of aerogel powder, 40 parts of water and 1 part of water reducing agent; the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1050 parts of cement, 250 parts of mineral admixture, 18 parts of polypropylene fiber, 7 parts of water reducing agent, 320 parts of water, 360 parts of quartz sand and 0.20 part of water-retaining agent.
The preparation process of the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) Assembly of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard die
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) preparation of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material;
(4) preparation of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the ultrahigh-performance concrete slurry is hardened to obtain the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard.
Example 2:
the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and an ultrahigh-performance concrete shell, wherein the core body is made of foam concrete, and the ultrahigh-performance concrete shell is made of a fiber reinforced cement-based composite material; the volume of the core body in the core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard accounts for 65 percent. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 120 parts of cement, 30 parts of mineral admixture, 7 parts of synthetic foaming agent, 0.035 part of ethyl cellulose, 3 parts of calcium stearate, 10 parts of aerogel powder, 45 parts of water and 2 parts of water reducing agent; the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1350 parts of cement, 100 parts of mineral admixture, 22 parts of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, 18 parts of water reducing agent, 300 parts of water, 275 parts of quartz sand and 0.60 part of water-retaining agent.
The preparation process of the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) assembly of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard die
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) preparation of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material;
(4) preparation of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the ultrahigh-performance concrete slurry is hardened to obtain the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard.
Example 3:
the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and an ultrahigh-performance concrete shell, wherein the core body is made of foam concrete, and the ultrahigh-performance concrete shell is made of a fiber reinforced cement-based composite material; the volume ratio of the core body in the core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard is 70%. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100 parts of cement, 15 parts of mineral admixture, 6 parts of protein active matter type foaming agent, 0.036 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 4 parts of polypropylene emulsion, 5 parts of aerogel powder, 2.2 parts of water reducing agent and 48 parts of water; the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1210 parts of cement, 120 parts of mineral admixture, 35 parts of polyethylene fiber, 335 parts of quartz sand, 0.30 part of water-retaining agent, 27 parts of water-reducing agent and 550 parts of water.
The preparation process of the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) assembly of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard die
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) preparation of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material;
(4) preparation of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the ultrahigh-performance concrete slurry is hardened to obtain the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard.
Example 4:
the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and an ultrahigh-performance concrete shell, wherein the core body is made of foam concrete, and the ultrahigh-performance concrete shell is made of a fiber reinforced cement-based composite material; the volume of the core body in the core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard accounts for 75 percent. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 145 parts of cement, 10 parts of mineral admixture, 12 parts of composite foaming agent, 0.060 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 3 parts of polypropylene emulsion, 12 parts of aerogel powder, 60 parts of water and 3 parts of water reducing agent; the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1000 parts of cement, 240 parts of mineral admixture, 34 parts of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 480 parts of quartz sand, 450 parts of water, 22 parts of water reducing agent and 0.80 part of water-retaining agent.
The preparation process of the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) assembly of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard die
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) preparation of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material;
(4) preparation of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the ultrahigh-performance concrete slurry is hardened to obtain the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard.
Control group 1:
the composite heat-insulation wallboard of the comparison group 1 consists of a hollow wallboard shell and a foam concrete core, wherein the volume percentage of the foam concrete core in the composite heat-insulation wallboard is 30%. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100 parts of portland cement, 25 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of water, 1.5 parts of a water reducing agent and 2 parts of a protein active substance type foaming agent. The hollow wallboard shell comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1320 portions of ceramsite, 380 portions of cement, 360 portions of fine aggregate and 2 portions of water reducing agent.
The composite thermal insulation wallboard of the control group 1 is prepared by adopting the traditional loose core and pouring foam concrete process. Firstly, a core mould is arranged in a mould, prepared concrete slurry is poured into the mould, after the slurry is finally set, the core mould is pulled out, and the hollow wallboard is prepared after demoulding; and then pouring foam concrete into the prepared hollow wallboard to prepare the composite heat-insulating wallboard.
After the forming is finished, the problem that the heat insulation material is not firmly bonded or separated from the wall plate shell is found in the composite heat insulation wall plate, and the stability of the product quality is influenced. Compared with the traditional core pulling-free pouring foam concrete process, the core pulling-free pouring foam concrete process has the advantages that the core pulling time is increased by 1-2 times, and the core pulling process is complex and the production efficiency is low.
Control group 2:
the composite heat-insulating wallboard in the comparison group 2 comprises a core body and an ultrahigh-performance concrete shell, wherein the core body is made of foam concrete, and the ultrahigh-performance concrete shell is made of a fiber reinforced cement-based composite material; the volume of the core body in the core-drawing-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard accounts for 75 percent. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 145 parts of cement, 10 parts of mineral admixture, 12 parts of composite foaming agent, 0.060 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 3 parts of polypropylene emulsion, 12 parts of aerogel powder, 60 parts of water and 3 parts of water reducing agent; the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1000 parts of cement, 240 parts of mineral admixture, 34 parts of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 480 parts of quartz sand, 450 parts of water, 22 parts of water reducing agent and 0.80 part of water-retaining agent.
The composite thermal insulation wallboard of the control group 2 is prepared by adopting the traditional loose core and pouring foam concrete process. Firstly, a core mould is arranged in a mould, prepared fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry is poured into the mould, after the slurry is finally set, the core mould is pulled out, and the hollow wallboard is prepared after demoulding; and then pouring foam concrete into the prepared hollow wallboard to prepare the composite heat-insulating wallboard.
After the forming is finished, the problem that the heat insulation material is not firmly bonded or separated from the wall plate shell is found in the composite heat insulation wall plate, and the stability of the product quality is influenced. Compared with the traditional core pulling-free pouring foam concrete process, the core pulling-free pouring foam concrete process has the advantages that the core pulling time is increased by 1-2 times, because the core pulling process is complex and the production efficiency is low.
Control group 3:
the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and a shell, wherein the core body is made of foam concrete, and the shell is made of a fiber reinforced cement-based composite material; the volume of the core body in the composite heat-insulation wallboard accounts for 70 percent. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100 parts of cement, 15 parts of mineral admixture, 6 parts of protein active substance type foaming agent, 0.036 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 4 parts of polypropylene emulsion, 2.2 parts of water reducing agent and 48 parts of water; the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1210 parts of cement, 120 parts of mineral admixture, 35 parts of polyethylene fiber, 335 parts of quartz sand, 0.30 part of water-retaining agent, 27 parts of water-reducing agent and 550 parts of water.
The composite heat-insulating wallboard of the control group 3 is prepared by adopting a core-pulling-free process, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) assembly of a mould
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) preparation of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material;
(4) preparation of composite heat-insulating wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into a mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the slurry is hardened to obtain the composite heat-insulating wallboard.
Control group 4:
the comparison group 4 composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and a shell body, wherein the core body is made of foam concrete, and the shell body is made of a fiber reinforced cement-based composite material; the volume of the core body in the composite heat-insulation wallboard accounts for 70 percent. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100 parts of cement, 15 parts of mineral admixture, 6 parts of protein active substance type foaming agent, 0.036 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 5 parts of aerogel powder, 2.2 parts of water reducing agent and 48 parts of water; the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1210 parts of cement, 120 parts of mineral admixture, 35 parts of polyethylene fiber, 335 parts of quartz sand, 0.30 part of water-retaining agent, 27 parts of water-reducing agent and 550 parts of water.
The control group 4 composite thermal insulation wallboard is prepared by adopting a core-pulling-free process, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) assembly of a mould
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) preparation of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material;
(4) preparation of composite heat-insulating wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into a mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the slurry is hardened to obtain the composite heat-insulating wallboard.
Control group 5:
the comparison group 5 composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and a shell body, wherein the core body is made of foam concrete, and the shell body is made of a cement-based composite material; the volume of the core body in the composite heat-insulation wallboard accounts for 70 percent. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100 parts of cement, 15 parts of mineral admixture, 6 parts of protein active matter type foaming agent, 0.036 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 4 parts of polypropylene emulsion, 5 parts of aerogel powder, 2.2 parts of water reducing agent and 48 parts of water; the cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1210 parts of cement, 120 parts of mineral admixture, 335 parts of quartz sand, 0.30 part of water-retaining agent, 27 parts of water-reducing agent and 550 parts of water.
The composite heat-insulation wallboard of the control group 5 is prepared by adopting a core-pulling-free process, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) assembly of a mould
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) preparation of cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the cement-based composite material;
(4) preparation of composite heat-insulating wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into a mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the slurry is hardened to obtain the composite heat-insulating wallboard.
Control group 6:
the comparison group 6 composite heat-insulation wallboard comprises a core body and a shell body, wherein the core body is made of foam concrete, and the shell body is made of a fiber reinforced cement-based composite material; the volume of the core body in the composite heat-insulation wallboard accounts for 70 percent. The foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100 parts of cement, 15 parts of mineral admixture, 6 parts of protein active matter type foaming agent, 0.036 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 4 parts of polypropylene emulsion, 5 parts of aerogel powder, 2.2 parts of water reducing agent and 48 parts of water; the cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1210 parts of cement, 120 parts of mineral admixture, 35 parts of polyethylene fiber, 0.30 part of water-retaining agent, 27 parts of water reducing agent and 550 parts of water.
The composite heat-insulation wallboard of the control group 5 is prepared by adopting a core-pulling-free process, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) assembly of a mould
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) preparation of cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the cement-based composite material;
(4) preparation of composite heat-insulating wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into a mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the slurry is hardened to obtain the composite heat-insulating wallboard.
And (3) performance detection: the performance of the ultra-high performance concrete is detected according to GB/T50081-2002 ordinary concrete mechanical property test method and GB/T50080-2016 ordinary concrete mixture performance test method, wherein the mechanical property is detected by adopting a 40mm multiplied by 160mm test piece, and the viscosity coefficient of the ultra-high performance concrete slurry is detected by adopting an RHM-5000ICAR Plus rheometer of Denmark GERMANN company. The performance of the foam concrete core material is detected according to JG/T266-2011 foam concrete, wherein the compression strength is detected by adopting a test piece of 100mm multiplied by 100 mm. The performance of the composite heat-insulating wall boards prepared in the embodiments 1-4 and the control groups 1-6 is detected according to GB/T23450-2009 heat-insulating batten for building partition walls.
Table 1 items and results of performance test of fiber reinforced cement-based composite materials in examples 1 to 4
| Detecting items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| 28 days compressive strength (MPa) | 90.1 | 94.3 | 80.3 | 84.5 |
| 28 days rupture strength (MPa) | 20.5 | 22.7 | 26.5 | 25.3 |
| Slump (mm) | 270 | 275 | 280 | 270 |
| Extension degree (mm) | 650 | 660 | 670 | 665 |
| Coefficient of viscosity (Pa. s) | 60 | 45 | 38 | 32 |
Table 2 comparative group 1-6 related detection items and results of composite heat-insulating wallboard shell base material
Table 3 test items and results of foam concrete performances in examples 1 to 4
| Detecting items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Dry density (kg/m)3) | 198 | 209 | 217 | 187 |
| 28 days compressive strength (MPa) | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m.K)) | 0.041 | 0.047 | 0.048 | 0.044 |
| Volume Water absorption (%) | 7.8 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 7.9 |
Table 4 shows the performance test items and results of the foam concrete in the control groups 1-6
Table 5 detection items and results of core-pulling-free high-performance composite thermal insulation wall boards in embodiments 1 to 4
| Detecting items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Areal density (kg/m)2) | 86 | 92 | 99 | 108 |
| Thickness (mm) | 100 | 120 | 160 | 200 |
| Compressive strength (MPa) | 77.8 | 74.1 | 70.9 | 73.2 |
| Impact resistance (times) | 26 | 30 | 24 | 23 |
| Bending load (dead weight of plate) | 18.3 times of | 17.9 times of | 16.7 times of | 15.3 times of |
| Limit of fire resistance (hours) | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 3.4 |
| Combustion performance | A1Stage | A1Stage | A1Stage | A1Stage |
| Coefficient of heat transfer (W/(m)2·K)) | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.56 |
| Air sound weighting sound insulation quantity (dB) | 50 | 53 | 55 | 58 |
TABLE 6 test items and results of comparison groups 1-6 composite thermal insulation wallboard
Compared with the detection items and results of the composite heat-insulation wallboard in the control group and the embodiment, the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard disclosed by the invention has excellent mechanical property, heat-insulation performance, fire resistance and sound insulation performance on the basis of light weight compared with the traditional composite heat-insulation wallboard. And adopt and exempt from to take out core preparation technology to replace traditional technique of loosing core and prepare and exempt from to loose core high performance composite insulation wallboard, can solve present technique of loosing core and prepare composite insulation wallboard and have the technology complicacy, production efficiency is low, product quality is unstable scheduling problem, adopt various components in this scheme, synergy between all kinds of components for the mechanical properties of wallboard, thermal insulation performance are extremely outstanding, and utilize and exempt from to take out core preparation technology and practiced thrift manufacturing cost greatly, promoted product quality, compare prior art, have apparent progress.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard is characterized by comprising a core body and an ultrahigh-performance concrete shell; the core body is made of foam concrete, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 0.8MPa, and the volume water absorption rate is less than or equal to 10%; the ultra-high performance concrete shell is made of fiber reinforced cement-based composite materials.
2. The core-pulling-free high-performance composite thermal insulation wallboard of claim 1, wherein the foam concrete thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 0.05W/(m.K), and the dry density is less than or equal to 250kg/m3The compressive strength of the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material is more than or equal to 80MPa, and the flexural strength is more than or equal to 20 MPa.
3. The core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard of claim 1, wherein the foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100-145 parts of cement, 10-30 parts of mineral admixture, 9-16 parts of foaming agent, 5-16 parts of aerogel powder, 40-60 parts of water and 1-3 parts of water reducing agent.
4. The core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard of claim 1, wherein the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1000-1350 parts of cement, 100-250 parts of mineral admixture, 18-35 parts of organic fiber, 275-480 parts of quartz sand, 0.2-0.8 part of water-retaining agent, 7-27 parts of water-reducing agent and 300-550 parts of water.
5. The core-pulling-free high-performance composite thermal insulation wallboard of claim 3, wherein the foaming agent comprises a foaming component, a foam stabilizing component and a hydrophobic component; the foaming component is one of a rosin resin foaming agent, a synthetic foaming agent, a protein active matter type foaming agent and a compound foaming agent; the foam stabilizing component is one of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; the hydrophobic component is one of sodium methyl silanol, calcium stearate and polypropylene emulsion; the density of the aerogel powder is less than or equal to 0.08g/cm 3The thermal conductivity coefficient is less than or equal to 0.020W/(m.K).
6. The core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard of claim 4 is characterized in that the organic fiber is one of polypropylene fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyethylene fiber and polyacrylonitrile fiber, the length-diameter ratio is 30:1 to 50:1, the elastic modulus is larger than or equal to 2.0GPa, the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent is larger than or equal to 20%, and the solid content is 10% -50%.
7. The core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard of claim 1, wherein the volume of the core body in the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard is more than or equal to 60%.
8. The core-pulling-free high-performance composite thermal insulation wallboard of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the core
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry for later use; foaming the foaming agent to obtain stable and uniform foam; adding foam into the slurry, uniformly stirring to obtain foam concrete slurry, pouring the foam concrete slurry into a core body mould, and removing the mould after hardening to obtain a foam concrete core body;
(2) assembly of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard die
Putting the core body prepared in the step (1) into a wallboard forming die, and sealing the periphery and two ends of the wallboard forming die;
(3) preparation of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry
Weighing the components according to the mass parts of the raw materials, adding the components into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry;
(4) preparation of core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard
And (3) injecting the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material slurry into the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard mould by adopting a grouting process, and removing the mould after the slurry is hardened to obtain the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard.
9. The preparation process of the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard according to claim 8, wherein the core body mold is made of one of PVC and steel.
10. The preparation process of the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard according to claim 8, wherein the core body is fixed through a preformed hole in the side dies at two sides, wherein the size of the preformed hole is slightly larger than the size of the cross section of the core body, and a bottom die and a side die are assembled to obtain the core-pulling-free high-performance composite heat-insulation wallboard die.
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| CN115110651A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-27 | 四川正源新型材料科技有限公司 | Fiber concrete heat-insulation wall panel and preparation method thereof |
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