CN111846141A - Method for hoisting high-load liquefied gas carrier tank by using crane with low hoisting capacity - Google Patents
Method for hoisting high-load liquefied gas carrier tank by using crane with low hoisting capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CN111846141A CN111846141A CN202010477426.1A CN202010477426A CN111846141A CN 111846141 A CN111846141 A CN 111846141A CN 202010477426 A CN202010477426 A CN 202010477426A CN 111846141 A CN111846141 A CN 111846141A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/20—Building or assembling prefabricated vessel modules or parts other than hull blocks, e.g. engine rooms, rudders, propellers, superstructures, berths, holds or tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/60—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms characterised by the use of specific tools or equipment; characterised by automation, e.g. use of robots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/04—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
- B66C13/08—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for depositing loads in desired attitudes or positions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/16—Applications of indicating, registering, or weighing devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for hoisting a tank body of a high-load liquefied gas transport ship by using a crane with low hoisting capacity, which is used for hoisting a liquefied gas tank by using a 300-ton portal crane and a crawler crane in a combined hoisting manner on the basis of not purchasing a high-tonnage crane. The invention innovating the hoisting mode of the tank body of the liquefied gas transport ship, reduces the requirement of the same type of ship to the ship platform crane, and makes the selection of the ship platform more flexible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ship manufacturing, and particularly relates to a tank body hoisting process of a liquefied gas carrier.
Background
The maximum weight of the liquefied gas tank is 345 tons, and the weight exceeds the lifting capacity of a single 300-ton portal crane in Nanjing factory.
The applicant expects that the lifting of the liquefied gas tank can be realized by using a 300-ton portal crane and a crawler crane for combined lifting on the basis of no purchase of a high-tonnage crane. The following difficulties need to be overcome: the front and rear pressure-bearing woods of the tank body are required to be hoisted into a saddle of the tank body of the ship body structure, the single sides of the gaps between the front and rear pressure-bearing woods and the saddle are only 18mm respectively, the hoisting precision requirement is high, the hoisting is divided into 1 membrane pressing and falling position, then 2 times of membrane pressing and falling position, and the position of the 2 nd time of membrane pressing and falling position is required to be consistent with the position of the 1 membrane pressing and falling position. The coordinated synchronization of the 300-ton crane and the crawler crane is a key point, the two cranes have different lifting frequencies, and the positions of two-time falling positions need to be ensured to be consistent.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the background technology, in order to meet the requirement of hoisting the tank body, the invention adopts a 300-ton gantry crane and a crawler crane to carry out combined hoisting, and provides a complete hoisting method.
Technical scheme
A method for hoisting a tank body of a high-load liquefied gas carrier by using a crane with low hoisting capacity comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the hoisting load of the crawler crane, and selecting a proper crawler crane model;
s2, determining the working radius and the arm length according to the model of the crawler crane, performing site arrangement according to the working radius and the site working condition of the crawler crane, determining the offset distance of the central line of the main hull structure of the liquefied gas carrier, and positioning and folding the central line so as to avoid a pipe ditch and shorten the hoisting center distance;
s3, drawing a positioning position line of the crawler crane on the folded slipway by taking the positioning line of the tank body on the main hull structure as a reference;
s4, the crawler crane and the crane are jointly hoisted, the tank hoisting action is simulated, and a hazard source and corresponding measures are analyzed;
s5, hoisting simulated loads for lifting and walking after the crawler is hoisted into a factory;
s6, determining the real tank hoisting action according to the test hoisting data and conditions;
s7, preparation before hoisting: before hoisting, rechecking whether the distance and radian between the tank body pressure-bearing wood and the structural saddle are matched;
S8, grinding the contact position of the surface of the saddle of the ship body and epoxy for multiple times 24 hours before tank lifting;
s9, arranging 2-4 traction ropes on the floating stop blocks at the four corners of the tank body, adjusting the alignment of the central line when the tank body is placed according to the central line of the tank body and the central line released by the hull structure, and controlling the error within the range of +/-15 mm, namely meeting the precision control requirement;
s10, confirming that four corners of the tank body are horizontal;
s11, discharging the center line of the tank body on the surface of the tank body, and simultaneously discharging the center line of the structure at the saddle position of the ship structure;
s12, detecting whether the two central lines are in the same vertical position or not through the two central lines on the tank body and the hull structure when the tank body is in the position, and ensuring that the central line of the tank body is consistent with the central line of the hull; punching holes on the arc end part of the saddle panel along the rib position direction, arranging a detection marker post at the corresponding rib position, and detecting the rib position alignment of the flat iron on the tank body to ensure that the gap between the pressure-bearing wood and the barrier strip in the saddle is even;
s13, after the tank body is lifted and adjusted in place, the transverse alignment rib is guaranteed to meet the requirements.
Preferably, in S1, calculating the hoisting capacity of the crawler crane based on the stress condition of the crawler crane and in combination with the safety load factor; and selecting a proper crawler crane model according to the crawler crane working condition performance table.
Preferably, in S2, the working radius of the crawler crane is equal to the distance from the center of the crawler crane to the front wheel, the width of the duct channel, the distance from the installation center of the tank to the ship side, and the safety distance.
Preferably, in S2, the offset distance is obtained by:
s2-1, acquiring the linear distance between the crawler crane and the center line of the ship body, the distance between the center line of the ship body and the ship side, the distance between the crawler crane side and the ship platform side, and the distance between the ship platform center line and the ship platform side;
s2-2, acquiring the distance between the ship edge and the crawler crane, namely the distance between the crawler crane and the center line of the ship body and the distance between the center line of the ship body and the ship edge;
s2-3, acquiring the distance between the ship side and the ship platform side, namely the distance between the crawler crane side and the ship platform side and the distance between the ship side and the crawler crane;
s2-4, acquiring the distance between the center of the ship body and the side of the ship platform, namely the distance between the center line of the ship body and the side of the ship and the distance between the side of the ship and the side of the ship beyond the side of the ship platform;
s2-5, acquiring the distance between the center line of the slipway and the center line of the ship body, namely the distance between the center line of the slipway and the side of the slipway and the distance between the center of the ship body and the side of the slipway;
and S2-6, wherein the offset distance of the central line of the main hull structure is equal to the distance between the central line of the slipway and the central line of the hull.
Preferably, in S3, the line of location of the main hull structure is based on the lateral position of the saddle on the main hull structure.
Preferably, in S5, the process of simulating the tank body lifting for 2 meters after film pressing and the process of simulating the tank body descending for the last 0.3 meter after epoxy casting is finished, the crawler crane and the crane are lifted for 2 meters/descended for 0.3 meter at the same time, and data are recorded; after the lifting of the hoisting tank is simulated, the crane and the crawler crane simultaneously move 3 meters to the north, and data is recorded.
Preferably, in S6, the solid tank lifting action is as follows:
the tank body descends from 1.5 meters to 1 meter, and the gourd is hooked;
reducing the height from 1 meter to 0.2 meter, and synchronously adjusting the front, back, left and right positions through a hoist;
when the position is 0.2 m, the position of the tank body is accurately adjusted;
the height of the rear baffle is 0.2 m, the rear baffle is 20mm away from the baffle, and the front, rear, left and right positions are synchronously adjusted through a hoist;
and after the adjustment is in place, the actual tank is placed, and the hoisting is finished.
Preferably, in the step S8, the place where the surface of the saddle of the ship body is contacted with the epoxy is pre-ground 24 hours before the tank is hung; and polishing once again on the 2 nd day, and requiring no oil, no ash and smooth finish.
Preferably, in S10, a horizontal position detection line is drawn and marked on the surface of the tank body and in the cabin of the ship body by taking a 6-meter horizontal line of the ship body as a reference, and the relative distance between the tank body and the horizontal center line of the tank body is detected by a total station during hoisting of the tank body, so that the four corners of the tank body are kept horizontal.
Preferably, in S13, the inspection marker post is butted with the transverse T-shaped material by using 25 × 150 × 1000 flat iron, in order to ensure that the marker post is vertical, the side surface is additionally provided with 15 × 100 × 1200 anti-tilting reinforcement, and after the tank body is lifted and adjusted in place, the inspection horizontal ruler is used for detecting whether the marker post and the tank body flat iron are on the same horizontal plane to ensure the requirement of transverse rib alignment.
The invention has the advantages of
The invention innovating the hoisting mode of the tank body of the liquefied gas transport ship, reduces the requirement of the same type of ship to the ship platform crane, and makes the selection of the ship platform more flexible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hoisting objective in the background art
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a 300 ton gantry crane and a crawler crane for jointly hoisting a liquefied gas tank
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the working radius and the site layout of the crawler crane
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of horizontal position detection lines on the surface of a tank body and in a ship cabin
FIG. 5 is a side view of the line of gravity of the saddle position of the hull structure
FIG. 6 is a top view of the gravity center line of the saddle position of the hull structure
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a flat iron structure of a tank
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, without limiting the scope of the invention:
the invention takes practical operation as an example to describe the operation steps of the invention:
s1, determining the hoisting load of the crawler crane, and selecting a proper crawler crane model;
the weight of the tank body is 345 tons, and the simultaneous stress of the 300-ton crane and the crawler crane is respectively 300 tons of 143 tons and 202 tons of crawler crane through calculation. Considering that the two-vehicle combined crane is combined with the figure 2, the safe load is 0.8, and the crawler crane needs the lifting capacity of 253 tons at least; according to the working condition performance table of the crawler crane, selecting crawler crane parameters and a linked crane schematic as follows:
Arm length: 48m
Working radius: 19m
Maximum hoisting weight: 291 ton
S2, according to the working radius of the crawler crane and the arrangement of the site, in order to avoid a pipe ditch and shorten the distance between hoisting centers, the center line of the main hull structure of the liquefied gas carrier moves 7.5m to the south for positioning and folding, as shown in figure 3:
crawler crane 19m working radius, the effective ship track width that moves of slipway 27m, slipway pipeline ditch width 2m apart from most limit track 5m, the fluid reservoir is 9m apart from the ship limit in hull structure's mounted position, and crawler crane is from growing length 11m to crawler crane moves pipeline ditch limit calculation working radius: 6m (the length of the center of the crawler crane from the front wheel) +2m (the width of a pipeline ditch) +9m (the distance between the installation center of the liquid tank and the ship side) +2m safe distance is 19m, and according to the size requirements, the center line of the main hull structure of the liquefied gas transport ship moves 7.5m to the south for positioning and folding.
The method for acquiring the offset distance comprises the following steps:
s2-1, acquiring the linear distance between the crawler crane and the center line of the ship body, the distance between the center line of the ship body and the ship edge, the distance between the crawler crane edge and the ship platform edge, and the distance between the center line of the ship platform and the ship platform edge, wherein the linear distance is 11.75m, the distance between the crawler crane edge and the ship platform edge is 9m, the distance between the crawler crane edge and the ship platform edge is;
s2-2, acquiring the distance between the ship edge and the crawler crane, namely the linear distance between the crawler crane and the center line of the ship body is 11.75m, and the distance between the center line of the ship body and the ship edge is 9m, namely 2.75 m;
S2-3, acquiring the distance between the ship edge and the ship platform edge, namely 6.5m between the crawler crane edge and the ship platform edge, and the distance between the ship edge and the crawler crane 2.75m, namely 3.75 m;
s2-4, acquiring the distance between the center of the ship body and the side of the ship platform, namely the distance between the center line of the ship body and the side of the ship is 9m, and the distance between the side of the ship exceeding the side of the ship platform is 3.75m, namely 5.25 m;
s2-5, acquiring the distance between the center line of the ship platform and the center line of the ship body, namely the distance between the center line of the ship platform and the side of the ship platform is 12.75m, and the distance between the center of the ship body and the side of the ship platform is 5.25m, namely 7.5 m;
and S2-6, wherein the offset distance of the central line of the main hull structure is 7.5m between the central line of the slipway and the central line of the hull.
S3, drawing a positioning position line of the crawler crane on the folded slipway by taking the positioning line of the tank body on the main hull structure as a reference;
the track crane positioning line is drawn on the slipway by taking the transverse position of the saddle of the liquid tank on the hull structure as a reference.
S4, connecting two vehicles for lifting, simulating the tank lifting action, and analyzing a hazard source and corresponding measures;
synchronous measurement is carried out on a 300-ton crane, measurement shows that a hook head of a 3#300 ton crane descends by 3-4 mm in the point descending process, the minimum synchronous error is 0-1 mm, and measurement data are as follows:
the actions are simulated and analyzed, and meanwhile, a risk control method is determined, and the following table is shown:
s5, hoisting simulated loads for lifting and walking after the crawler is hoisted into a factory;
The simulation tank body has been finished pressing the membrane and has risen 2 meters, and the epoxy is poured and is descended and finally 0.3 meters process synchronization, has risen 2 meters/descends 0.3 meters with two cranes simultaneously, and the data is shown in the following table:
2 measuring points are respectively selected before and after the test hoisting of the load, the two cranes hoist for 2 meters simultaneously, the error of one side of the gantry crane is 12mm, and the error of one side of the crawler crane is 21 mm; the two cranes descend by 0.3m at the same time, the error of one side of the gantry crane is 4mm, and the error of one side of the crawler crane is 6 mm. The error of lifting by 1m is large, and the short-distance error meets the synchronous requirement of tank body hoisting.
After the simulation of lifting the hook of the tank, the 300-ton trolley and the crawler crane simultaneously travel 3 meters to the north, and the data are shown in the following table:
the walking error is 44mm, and the walking speed of the two vehicles needs to be continuously adjusted in the walking process.
S6, determining the real tank hoisting action according to the test hoisting data and conditions;
when the rice is lowered to 1 meter from 1.5 meters, the gourd is hooked; the four corners of the tank body and the hull structure are adjusted and positioned by the hoist
Reducing the height from 1 meter to 0.2 meter, and synchronously adjusting the front, back, left and right positions through a hoist; the pressure-bearing wood on the surface of the liquid tank falls into the baffle strip of the saddle panel
When the position is 0.2 m, the position of the tank body is accurately adjusted; ensure the center of the tank body and the center of the saddle to be at the same position
The height of the rear baffle is 0.2 m, the rear baffle is 20mm away from the baffle, and the front, rear, left and right positions are synchronously adjusted through a hoist; the gap between the bearing wood and the barrier strip meets the single-side 5mm position standard
And after the adjustment is in place, the actual tank is placed, and the hoisting is finished.
S7, rechecking whether the distance and the radian between the tank body bearing wood and the structural saddle are matched before preparation for hoisting before hoisting;
and S8, pre-polishing the contact part of the surface of the saddle of the ship body and the epoxy 24 hours before the tank is hung. Polishing once on day 2, and requiring oil-free, ash-free and smooth;
s9, arranging 2-4 traction ropes on the floating stop blocks at the four corners of the tank body, and adjusting the center line alignment when the tank body is in a falling position;
s10, with reference to the figure 4, drawing horizontal position detection lines on the surface of the tank body and in the ship cabin, marking the horizontal position detection lines, detecting the relative distance between the liquid tank and the horizontal central line of the liquid tank when the liquid tank is hoisted, and ensuring that the four corners of the liquid tank are horizontal;
s11, with reference to the figures 5 and 6, discharging the center line of the tank body on the surface of the tank body, and simultaneously discharging the center line of the structure at the saddle position of the ship structure;
s12, punching holes on the arc end of the saddle panel along the rib position direction, arranging inspection mark poles on the corresponding rib positions, and inspecting the rib positions of the flat iron and the rib positions on the tank body to ensure that the gap between the pressure-bearing wood and the barrier strip in the saddle is even;
and S13, combining the graph 7, the inspection marker post uses 25 × 150 × 1000 flat iron to be in butt joint with the transverse T-shaped section bar, in order to ensure that the marker post is vertical, the side surface is added with 15 × 100 × 1200 anti-tilting reinforcement, and after the tank body is lifted and adjusted in place, the inspection horizontal ruler is used for detecting whether the marker post and the tank body flat iron are on the same horizontal plane to ensure the requirement of transverse rib alignment.
After the tank body is placed, the central line and the gap between the barrier strips are detected, the rib is transversely aligned, the requirements are met, and the hoisting is completed.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for hoisting a tank body of a high-load liquefied gas transport ship by using a crane with low hoisting capacity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the hoisting load of the crawler crane, and selecting a proper crawler crane model;
s2, determining the working radius and the arm length according to the model of the crawler crane, performing site arrangement according to the working radius and the site working condition of the crawler crane, determining the offset distance of the central line of the main hull structure of the liquefied gas carrier, and positioning and folding the central line so as to avoid a pipe ditch and shorten the hoisting center distance;
s3, drawing a positioning position line of the crawler crane on the folded slipway by taking the positioning line of the tank body on the main hull structure as a reference;
s4, the crawler crane and the crane are jointly hoisted, the tank hoisting action is simulated, and a hazard source and corresponding measures are analyzed;
S5, hoisting simulated loads for lifting and walking after the crawler is hoisted into a factory;
s6, determining the real tank hoisting action according to the test hoisting data and conditions;
s7, preparation before hoisting: before hoisting, rechecking whether the distance and radian between the tank body pressure-bearing wood and the structural saddle are matched;
s8, grinding the contact position of the surface of the saddle of the ship body and epoxy for multiple times 24 hours before tank lifting;
s9, arranging 2-4 traction ropes on the floating stop blocks at the four corners of the tank body, adjusting the alignment of the central line when the tank body is placed according to the central line of the tank body and the central line released by the hull structure, and controlling the error within the range of +/-15 mm, namely meeting the precision control requirement;
s10, confirming that four corners of the tank body are horizontal;
s11, discharging the center line of the tank body on the surface of the tank body, and simultaneously discharging the center line of the structure at the saddle position of the ship structure;
s12, detecting whether the two central lines are in the same vertical position or not through the two central lines on the tank body and the hull structure when the tank body is in the position, and ensuring that the central line of the tank body is consistent with the central line of the hull; punching holes on the arc end part of the saddle panel along the rib position direction, arranging a detection marker post at the corresponding rib position, and detecting the rib position alignment of the flat iron on the tank body to ensure that the gap between the pressure-bearing wood and the barrier strip in the saddle is even;
S13, after the tank body is lifted and adjusted in place, the transverse alignment rib is guaranteed to meet the requirements.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the hoisting capacity of the crawler crane is calculated based on the stress condition of the crawler crane and in combination with the safety load factor; and selecting a proper crawler crane model according to the crawler crane working condition performance table.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in S2, the working radius of the crawler crane is equal to the distance from the center of the crawler crane to the front wheel + the width of the pipe duct + the distance from the tank installation center to the ship side + the safety distance.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the offset distance is obtained by:
s2-1, acquiring the linear distance between the crawler crane and the center line of the ship body, the distance between the center line of the ship body and the ship side, the distance between the crawler crane side and the ship platform side, and the distance between the ship platform center line and the ship platform side;
s2-2, acquiring the distance between the ship edge and the crawler crane, namely the distance between the crawler crane and the center line of the ship body and the distance between the center line of the ship body and the ship edge;
s2-3, acquiring the distance between the ship side and the ship platform side, namely the distance between the crawler crane side and the ship platform side and the distance between the ship side and the crawler crane;
s2-4, acquiring the distance between the center of the ship body and the side of the ship platform, namely the distance between the center line of the ship body and the side of the ship and the distance between the side of the ship and the side of the ship beyond the side of the ship platform;
S2-5, acquiring the distance between the center line of the slipway and the center line of the ship body, namely the distance between the center line of the slipway and the side of the slipway and the distance between the center of the ship body and the side of the slipway;
and S2-6, wherein the offset distance of the central line of the main hull structure is equal to the distance between the central line of the slipway and the central line of the hull.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein in S3 the main hull structure alignment line is referenced to the lateral position of the saddle on the main hull structure.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the process of simulating 2 m lifting of the tank after film pressing and 0.3 m lowering of the tank after epoxy pouring is completed, the crawler crane and the crane are lifted simultaneously for 2 m/0.3 m lowering, and data are recorded; after the lifting of the hoisting tank is simulated, the crane and the crawler crane simultaneously move 3 meters to the north, and data is recorded.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S6, the solid can lifting action is:
the tank body descends from 1.5 meters to 1 meter, and the gourd is hooked;
reducing the height from 1 meter to 0.2 meter, and synchronously adjusting the front, back, left and right positions through a hoist;
when the position is 0.2 m, the position of the tank body is accurately adjusted;
the height of the rear baffle is 0.2 m, the rear baffle is 20mm away from the baffle, and the front, rear, left and right positions are synchronously adjusted through a hoist;
and after the adjustment is in place, the actual tank is placed, and the hoisting is finished.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S8, the place where the surface of the saddle of the ship hull contacts with the epoxy is pre-ground 24 hours before the tank is hung; and polishing once again on the 2 nd day, and requiring no oil, no ash and smooth finish.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in S10, based on a 6 m horizontal line of the hull, a horizontal detection line is drawn and marked on the surface of the tank and in the cabin of the hull, and the distance between the tank and the horizontal center line of the tank is detected by a total station during the hoisting process of the tank, so as to ensure that the four corners of the tank are horizontal.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in S13, the inspection marker post is butted with the transverse T-shaped bar by using 25 x 150 x 1000 flat iron, and in order to ensure that the marker post is vertical, the side face is added with 15 x 100 x 1200 anti-tilting reinforcement, and after the tank body is lifted and adjusted in place, the inspection level bar is used to detect whether the marker post and the tank body flat iron are on the same horizontal plane to ensure the requirement of transverse rib alignment.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114857432A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-05 | 中船广西船舶及海洋工程有限公司 | Reinforcing method for hydraulic test of liquid tank |
| CN115959260A (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-04-14 | 招商局金陵鼎衡船舶(扬州)有限公司 | Full-pressure type LPG transport ship cargo tank integrity hoisting construction process |
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| CN114857432A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-05 | 中船广西船舶及海洋工程有限公司 | Reinforcing method for hydraulic test of liquid tank |
| CN115959260A (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-04-14 | 招商局金陵鼎衡船舶(扬州)有限公司 | Full-pressure type LPG transport ship cargo tank integrity hoisting construction process |
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