CN111837654B

CN111837654B - Corn kernel direct-harvesting threshing and separating device and combine harvester

Info

Publication number: CN111837654B
Application number: CN202010752249.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐立章; 王振玉; 刘君钰; 苗丰凯; 柴晓玉; 李耀明
Original assignee: Jiangsu University
Current assignee: Jiangsu University
Priority date: 2020-07-30
Filing date: 2020-07-30
Publication date: 2022-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-30
Also published as: CN111837654A

Abstract

The invention provides a corn kernel direct-harvesting threshing separation device and a combine harvester, comprising a longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder and an adjustable combined concave sieve; the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder comprises a cylinder shaft, a feeding head, a cylinder body and a threshing element; the feeding head and the cylinder body are arranged on the roller shaft, and the threshing element is arranged on the cylinder body; the barrel comprises a front-section barrel, a middle-section barrel and a rear-section barrel; the threshing element comprises spike teeth and a short thread rod; the short threaded rods are arranged on the front section cylinder body and the middle section cylinder body, the short threaded rods on the middle section cylinder body are higher than the short threaded rods on the front section cylinder body, and the nail teeth are arranged on the rear section cylinder body; the adjustable combined concave plate sieve is arranged below the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder. The closed short-threaded rod-spike tooth roller has the advantages of small vortex formed by ambient air during rotation, low power consumption and reduced breakage rate. The gasket is adopted to adjust the threshing gap suitable for different moisture contents of the corn, so as to achieve better threshing and separating effects and realize threshing with high efficiency, high threshing performance and low crushing rate.

Description

Corn kernel direct-harvesting threshing and separating device and combine harvester

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a corn kernel direct-harvesting threshing separation device and a combined harvester.

Background

When the corn harvester directly collects corn grains is operated, the operations of ear picking, peeling, threshing, cleaning and the like of the corn are completed at one time, links such as secondary transportation, secondary airing and the like of the corn ears in the ear picking type corn harvester are omitted, the working efficiency is improved, the number of workers is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the development direction of the whole-course mechanization of the corn is more met. In recent two years, the direct-harvesting corn harvester for domestic grains is developed rapidly from the inexistence.

It is described that direct grain harvest was achieved in the united states as early as 80 s in the last century. In China, the research on direct harvesting of corn kernels starts around 2007. With the severe shortage of rural labor, in the past few years, foreign corn harvester varieties and harvesters have been introduced in some places, but foreign machinery is not suitable in China. Most of foreign corn harvesting mechanical products are standardized and serialized, the adaptability to domestic corn harvesting is very limited, the mechanical efficiency is difficult to give full play, and the popularization and the promotion are not facilitated.

The corn threshing and separating device has various designs, but the research on the corn harvesting with different water contents is less for the corns with slightly different water contents in a certain area. The existing threshing and separating device rarely aims at harvesting corns with uneven maturity, can not completely thresh the corns with different water contents, is difficult to simultaneously meet the operation requirements of various corn varieties in various regions, and has the problems of difficult guarantee of threshing rate and higher breakage rate. Therefore, with the development of the combined harvesting machine becoming faster and faster, in order to improve the utilization rate, the corn harvesting with uneven maturity and low threshing rate of different corn varieties is researched. In order to achieve the goal of threshing corn with high efficiency, high threshing performance and low breaking rate, innovative design and improvement on key components are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a corn kernel direct harvesting, threshing and separating device, which realizes threshing with high efficiency, high threshing performance and low crushing rate.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a corn kernel direct-harvesting threshing separation device comprises a longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder and an adjustable combined concave sieve; the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder comprises a cylinder shaft, a feeding head, a cylinder body and a threshing element; the feeding head and the cylinder body are arranged on the roller shaft, and the threshing element is arranged on the cylinder body; the cylinder comprises a front section cylinder, a middle section cylinder and a rear section cylinder; the threshing element comprises spike teeth and a short thread rod; the short threaded rods are arranged on the front section cylinder body and the middle section cylinder body, the short threaded rods on the middle section cylinder body are higher than the short threaded rods on the front section cylinder body, and the spike teeth are arranged on the rear section cylinder body; the adjustable combined concave plate sieve is arranged below the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder.

In the above scheme, the threshing element further comprises a toothed bar supporting seat and a rectangular toothed bar; the nail teeth and the short threaded rods are respectively arranged on the rectangular toothed rods, the rectangular toothed rods are arranged on the toothed rod supporting seats, and the toothed rod supporting seats are arranged on the barrel body.

Further, the device also comprises a gasket; the gasket is located between the toothed bar supporting seat and the barrel, and the toothed bar supporting seat is connected with the barrel through a bolt.

Further, the gasket is an E-shaped gasket.

In the scheme, the front section cylinder, the middle section cylinder and the rear section cylinder are connected in sequence through the middle spoke disc; the feeding head is connected with the front section cylinder through a tail spoke plate; the tail end of the rear section cylinder body is also provided with a tail spoke plate.

Furthermore, the short threaded rod on the middle section cylinder body is 10-20 mm higher than the short threaded rod on the front section cylinder body.

In the scheme, the adjustable combined concave sieve comprises a front threshing concave plate, a front limit baffle, a rear threshing concave plate, a rear limit baffle and a separation concave plate which are sequentially connected;

the front threshing concave plate comprises two grid sieves, a radian concave plate sieve and an adjusting mechanism; the two grid sieves are respectively arranged on two sides of the arc concave sieve, one side of the arc concave sieve is connected with one grid sieve, the other side of the arc concave sieve is connected with the other grid sieve through an adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism adjusts the gap between the arc concave sieve and the threshing element.

Furthermore, the radian concave screen adopts a right spiral circular pipe, the rear threshing concave 302 is a straight circular pipe, and the separating concave 303 is of a common grid type.

Furthermore, the adjusting mechanism comprises a round rod, a supporting block, a connecting rod and a connecting block;

the round bar is connected with one end of the supporting block, the other end of the supporting block is hinged with one end of the connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the connecting block, the connecting block is connected with the radian concave screen through the connecting plate, the grid screen on the side is provided with the guide rod, the connecting plate is installed on the guide rod, the round bar is used for being connected with the driving device, and the driving device drives the round bar to drive the connecting block and the connecting plate to move up and down along the guide rod to adjust the gap between the radian concave screen and the threshing element.

The invention also provides a combined harvester comprising the corn kernel direct-harvesting threshing and separating device, in particular to a crawler-type combined harvester.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the direct corn grain harvesting, threshing and separating device, the short threaded rods of the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder are arranged on the front section cylinder body and the middle section cylinder body, the short threaded rods on the middle section cylinder body are higher than the short threaded rods on the front section cylinder body, the spike teeth are arranged on the rear section cylinder body to form the closed short threaded rod-spike teeth cylinder, the eddy formed by ambient air during rotation is small, power consumption is low, and the crushing rate is reduced.

2. The corn kernel direct-harvesting threshing separation device adopts the E-shaped gasket, adjusts the threshing gap suitable for different moisture contents of corn, has definite function segmentation, can adapt to different maturity characteristics, and achieves better threshing separation effect.

3. According to the direct corn grain harvesting, threshing and separating device, the adjustable combined concave plate sieve adopts a right-handed spiral circular pipe plus grid-straight circular pipe-grid type, and the adjustable right-handed spiral circular pipe increases friction, enhances conveying capacity, reasonably adjusts threshing gaps, reduces crushing rate and ensures threshing efficiency.

4. The corn kernel direct harvesting threshing separation device has the advantages that the rectangular toothed bar and the toothed bar support seat are stable in structure, convenient to disassemble and convenient to repair and replace, and the utilization rate is increased.

5. The polygonal breadth plate of the invention increases the strength, reduces the vibration in the threshing process and prolongs the service life of the machine.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a corn kernel direct-harvesting threshing and separating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a broken-away schematic cross-sectional view of a longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of a longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an E-shaped gasket construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an adjustable combination concave screen according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a front threshing concave according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1-longitudinal axis flow-closed threshing cylinder, 101-cylinder shaft, 102-feeding head, 1021-helical blade, 1022-reinforcing bar, 1023-reinforcing plate, 103-cylinder, 1031-shell, 1032-tail spoke disk, 1033-middle spoke disk, 1034-viewing port cover plate, 1035-front cylinder, 1036-middle cylinder, 1037-rear cylinder, 104-threshing element, 1041-rack supporting seat, 1042-rectangular rack, 1043-spike and 1044-spike; 2-a gasket; 3-adjustable combined concave plate sieve, 301-front threshing concave plate, 3011-grid sieve, 3012-radian concave plate sieve, 3013-connecting plate, 302-rear threshing concave plate, 303-separation concave plate, 304-front limiting baffle, 305-rear limiting baffle, 306-adjusting mechanism, 3061-round rod, 3062-supporting block, 3063-connecting rod, 3064-connecting block and 307-guide rod.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Example 1

Fig. 1, 2 and 3 show a preferred embodiment of the corn kernel direct-harvesting threshing and separating device, which comprises a longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder 1 and an adjustable combined concave sieve 3; the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder 1 comprises a cylinder shaft 101, a feeding head 102, a cylinder body 103 and a threshing element 104; the feeding head 102 and the cylinder 103 are sequentially arranged on the cylinder shaft 101 from front to back along the feeding direction, and the threshing element 104 is detachably arranged on the cylinder 103; the cylinder 103 is a polygonal cylinder, and includes a front cylinder 1035, a middle cylinder 1036, and a rear cylinder 1037. The adjustable combined concave sieve 3 is arranged below the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder 1.

The front section cylinder 1035, the middle section cylinder 1036 and the rear section cylinder 1037 are connected through a middle spoke disk 1033 in sequence; the feeding head 102 is connected with the front section cylinder 1035 through a tail spoke plate 1032; the tail end of the rear section cylinder 1037 is also provided with a tail spoke disk 1032, the strength of the polygonal spoke disk is increased, vibration in the threshing process is reduced, and the service life of the threshing machine is prolonged. The feeding head 102 is provided with a spiral blade 1021, the outer edge of the spiral blade 1021 is provided with a reinforcing strip 1022 which can reinforce the feeding of materials, and the reinforcing strip 1022 is additionally provided with a reinforcing plate 1023. The spiral vane 1021 is coaxially connected to the drum shaft 101, the intermediate spoke plate 1033, and the rear spoke plate 1032.

As shown in fig. 4, the threshing element 104 comprises a rack support 1041, a rectangular rack 1042, spike teeth 1043 and a short threaded rod 1044; the short threaded rods 1044 are arranged on the front section cylinder 1035 and the middle section cylinder 1036, the short threaded rods 1044 on the middle section cylinder 1036 are higher than the short threaded rods 1044 on the front section cylinder 1035, and the spikes 1043 are arranged on the rear section cylinder 1037; the spike teeth 1043 and the short threaded rod 1044 are respectively installed on the rectangular toothed bar 1042, the rectangular toothed bar 1042 is installed on a toothed bar support base 1041, and the toothed bar support base 1041 is installed on the shell 1031 of the cylinder 103. The rectangular rack bar 1042 and the rack bar supporting seat 1041 are stable in structure, convenient to disassemble, convenient to repair and replace, and capable of increasing the utilization rate. A gasket 2 is arranged between the rack bar supporting seat 1041 and the cylinder 103, and the gasket 2 is an E-shaped gasket, as shown in fig. 5. The ratch supporting seat 1041 is connected with the cylinder body 103 through a bolt, preferably, the thickness of the gasket is 1-5 mm, the E-shaped gasket can be inserted into and detached from the cylinder through the tightness of the bolt to change the diameter of the cylinder, the threshing gap for adjusting the corn maturity is small and uneven rapidly, the moisture content of the corn is different, and the thickness of the stacked gasket is different.

The short rasp bar 1044 on the middle cylinder 1036 is 10-20 mm higher than the short rasp bar 1044 on the front cylinder 1035, and is suitable for directly harvesting corn grains.

When the housing 1031 and the rack bar support block 1041 are connected by bolts, if the housing 1031, the rack bar support block 1041 and the spoke plate are connected together at the position of the middle spoke plate 1033 or the tail spoke plate 1032, the strength is increased; if not at the position of the middle spoke plate 1033 or the rear spoke plate 1032, the housing 1031 and the rack bar support base 1041 are both connected.

As shown in fig. 6, the adjustable combined concave sieve 3 comprises a front threshing concave 301, a front limit baffle 304, a rear threshing concave 302, a rear limit baffle 305 and a separation concave 303 which are connected in sequence from front to back along the crop feeding direction; the adjustable combined concave sieve 3 is arranged below the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder 1, and the front threshing concave 301 is arranged at a position closer to the feeding side of the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder 1. The front threshing concave plate 301 comprises two grid sieves 3011, a radian concave plate sieve 3012 and an adjusting mechanism 306; the two grid sieves 3011 are respectively arranged on two sides of the arc concave plate sieve 3012, one side of the arc concave plate sieve 3012 is connected with one grid sieve 3011, and the other side of the arc concave plate sieve 3012 is connected with the other grid sieve 3011 through the adjusting mechanism 306, so that the corn kernel direct harvesting device is suitable for direct harvesting of corn kernels. On the premise that the threshing rate meets the national standard, the circular rod 3061 in the adjusting mechanism 306 moves up and down to drive the supporting block 3062, the connecting rod 3063, the connecting block 3064 and the connecting plate 3013 to move up and down together, and the gap between the arc concave plate sieve 3012 and the threshing element 104 is adjusted.

The radian concave plate sieve 3012 is a right-handed spiral circular pipe, the back threshing concave plate 302 is a straight circular pipe, and the separation concave plate 303 is a common grid type. The grid screen 3011 is of a reinforced grid type, the arc concave plate screen 3012 is a right spiral circular pipe, the right spiral circular pipe can be adjusted to increase friction, conveying capacity is improved, threshing gaps are reasonably adjusted, breaking rate is reduced, and threshing efficiency is guaranteed. Preferably, in order to make the grains threshed in the threshing process leak from the sieve holes, the diameter of the circular pipes is not less than 16 mm and not more than 18 mm, the distance between the circular pipes is not less than 30 mm and not more than 40 mm, and the distance between the holes of the grids is not more than 25 mm x50 mm. In order to improve threshing performance, the clearance between the threshing element and the concave plate, especially the distance between the tooth tip of the threshing tooth rod and the inner arc surface of the concave plate is limited in a certain range. Specifically, the clearance between the short rasp bar 1044 or the spike teeth 1043 and the front threshing concave 301 is not more than 45 mm. Further, a clearance between the threshing element and the concave is not less than 20 mm and not more than 45 mm.

As shown in fig. 7, the adjusting mechanism 306 includes a circular rod 3061, a support block 3062, a connecting rod 3063, and a connecting block 3064; the round rod 3061 is connected with one end of a supporting block 3062, the other end of the supporting block 3062 is hinged with one end of a connecting rod 3063, the other end of the connecting rod 3063 is hinged with a connecting block 3064, the connecting block 3064 is connected with the arc concave plate sieve 3012 through a connecting plate 3013, a guide rod 307 is arranged on the grid sieve 3011 on the side, the connecting plate 3013 is arranged on the guide rod 307, the round rod 3061 is used for being connected with a driving device, and the driving device drives the round rod 3061 to drive the connecting block 3064 and the connecting plate 3013 to move up and down along the guide rod 307 together to adjust the gap between the arc concave plate sieve 3012 and the threshing element 104.

The barrel 103 is provided with four observation ports which are positioned at two sides of the barrel 103, the four observation ports are arranged in a pairwise symmetrical manner, so that the toothed bars can be conveniently mounted and dismounted, and the nuts for slotting the opening covers are welded nuts, so that the observation port cover plates 1034 can be conveniently mounted.

The working process of the corn kernel direct harvesting, threshing and separating device comprises the following steps: starting the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder 1, rotating the cylinder shaft 101, feeding corn cobs to be threshed from the feeding head 102, enabling the corn cobs to enter a threshing section by utilizing the movement of the spiral blades 1021 on the feeding head 102, driving the supporting block 3062 and the connecting rod 3063 to rotate by the rotary movement of the round rod 3061 in the adjusting mechanism 306, and driving the connecting block 3064 and the connecting plate 3013 to move up and down together along the guide rod 307 to adjust a threshing gap between the arc concave plate sieve 3012 and the short thread rod. Under the combined action of the short rasp bar 1044 and the right-handed spiral round pipe and the grids, the seeds and the sundries enter the sorting screen through the screen holes of the front threshing concave 301; stalks and seeds enter the rear threshing concave plate 302 through friction conveying, the height of the stalks is increased, the threshing gap is reduced, and the threshing is accelerated; the stalks and partial seeds enter the separation concave plate 303, then threshing and separation are carried out by the striking action of the spike teeth 1043 and the separation concave plate 303, and the separated seeds penetrate through the grid sieve holes of the separation concave plate 303.

Example 2

A combine harvester, comprising the direct corn kernel harvesting, threshing and separating device of embodiment 1, and therefore having the advantages of embodiment 1, which will not be described herein again.

It should be understood that although the present description has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein may be combined as suitable to form other embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A corn kernel direct harvesting threshing separation device is characterized by comprising a longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder (1) and an adjustable combined concave sieve (3);

the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder (1) comprises a cylinder shaft (101), a feeding head (102), a cylinder body (103) and a threshing element (104); the feeding head (102) and the cylinder body (103) are arranged on the cylinder shaft (101), and the threshing element (104) is arranged on the cylinder body (103); the cylinder (103) comprises a front section cylinder (1035), a middle section cylinder (1036) and a rear section cylinder (1037); the threshing element (104) comprises spikes (1043) and a short rasp bar (1044); the short threaded rod (1044) is arranged on the front section cylinder (1035) and the middle section cylinder (1036), the short threaded rod (1044) on the middle section cylinder (1036) is 10-20 mm higher than the short threaded rod (1044) on the front section cylinder (1035), and the nail teeth (1043) are arranged on the rear section cylinder (1037); the adjustable combined concave plate sieve (3) is arranged below the longitudinal axial flow closed threshing cylinder (1);

the threshing element (104) also comprises a toothed bar supporting seat (1041) and a rectangular toothed bar (1042); the spike teeth (1043) and the short threaded rod (1044) are respectively installed on the rectangular toothed bar (1042), the rectangular toothed bar (1042) is installed on a toothed bar supporting seat (1041), and the toothed bar supporting seat (1041) is installed on the barrel body (103);

the front section cylinder (1035), the middle section cylinder (1036) and the rear section cylinder (1037) are connected through a middle spoke disk (1033) in sequence; the feeding head (102) is connected with the front section cylinder (1035) through a tail spoke plate (1032); the tail end of the rear section cylinder body (1037) is also provided with a tail spoke disk (1032).

2. The corn kernel direct harvesting threshing and separating device of claim 1, further comprising a gasket (2); the gasket (2) is located between the rack support seat (1041) and the cylinder (103), and the rack support seat (1041) is connected with the cylinder (103) through a bolt.

3. The corn kernel direct harvesting threshing and separating device of claim 2, wherein the spacer (2) is an E-shaped spacer.

4. The corn kernel direct harvesting threshing and separating device of claim 1, wherein the adjustable combined concave sieve (3) comprises a front threshing concave (301), a front limit baffle (304), a rear threshing concave (302), a rear limit baffle (305) and a separation concave (303) which are connected in sequence;

the front threshing concave plate (301) comprises two grid sieves (3011), a radian concave plate sieve (3012) and an adjusting mechanism (306); the two grid sieves (3011) are respectively arranged on two sides of the arc concave plate sieve (3012), one side of the arc concave plate sieve (3012) is connected with one grid sieve (3011), the other side of the arc concave plate sieve is connected with the other grid sieve (3011) through an adjusting mechanism (306), and the adjusting mechanism (306) adjusts the gap between the arc concave plate sieve (3012) and the threshing element (104).

5. The corn kernel direct harvesting threshing and separating device of claim 4, wherein the arc concave screen (3012) adopts a right-handed spiral circular pipe, the rear threshing concave (302) is a straight circular pipe, and the separating concave (303) is a common grid type.

6. The corn kernel direct harvesting threshing and separating device of claim 4, wherein the adjusting mechanism (306) comprises a round bar (3061), a support block (3062), a connecting bar (3063) and a connecting block (3064);

the circular rod (3061) is connected with one end of the supporting block (3062), the other end of the supporting block (3062) is hinged to one end of the connecting rod (3063), the other end of the connecting rod (3063) is hinged to the connecting block (3064), the connecting block (3064) is connected with the arc concave plate sieve (3012) through the connecting plate (3013), a guide rod (307) is arranged on the grid sieve (3011) on the side, the connecting plate (3013) is installed on the guide rod (307), the circular rod (3061) is used for being connected with a driving device, the driving device drives the circular rod (3061) to drive the connecting block (3064) and the connecting plate (3013) to move up and down along the guide rod (307) to adjust the gap between the arc concave plate sieve (3012) and the threshing element (104).

7. A combined harvester, which is characterized in that the combined harvester comprises the corn kernel direct-harvesting, threshing and separating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.