CN110741814A

CN110741814A - Combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device and method and corn kernel harvester

Info

Publication number: CN110741814A
Application number: CN201911038653.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邸志峰; 张华�; 周进; 崔中凯; 姜伟; 李娜; 魏训成; 李涛
Original assignee: Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences
Current assignee: Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences
Priority date: 2019-10-29
Filing date: 2019-10-29
Publication date: 2020-02-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device, a method and a corn kernel harvester, which solve the problems that the prior art cannot fully thresh and the kernel crushing rate is difficult to control, and have the advantages of low kernel loss rate, long cluster threshing time, full threshing and low kernel crushing rate. The technical scheme is as follows: the threshing cylinder comprises a cylinder body, wherein a plurality of threaded rod blocks and threshing spikes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the cylinder body along a spiral line, the threaded rod blocks are fixed on the front half section of the cylinder body, and the threshing spikes are fixed on the rear half section of the cylinder body; the threshing concave plate is arranged below the roller body, the ears can be threshed under the combined action of the rasp bar block and the threshing concave plate, and the mixture formed after threshing can complete seed separation under the disturbance action of the threshing spike teeth.

Description

Combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device and method and corn kernel harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device and method and a corn kernel harvester.

Background

The corn is the first large grain crop in China, the summer sowing corn in China is mainly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai regions, the most concentrated corn production region in China, the sowing area is about 1.6 hundred million acres, and the sowing area accounts for more than 30% of the total area of the corn in China. The area adopts a planting mode of twice-harvest in one year, large-area continuous planting is realized, and mechanized combined harvesting operation is easy to realize. The harvesting time of the corn is generally in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, the water content of corn grains is generally over 35 percent during harvesting, and the direct threshing is easy to generate large crushing, so that the quality of the corn is reduced, and the corn is mildewed in the later period to cause large loss. In recent years, some grain harvesters modified from wheat harvesters appear in the market, and mainly adopt transverse axial flow threshing, and the crushing rate of grains is difficult to control because a roller is short and the threshing principle is mainly hit by spike teeth; some enterprises develop a corn kernel harvester for threshing by longitudinal axial flow, but most of the corn kernel harvesters adopt a striking threshing principle, the crushing rate is difficult to meet the requirement, and the products are rarely put into the market.

The existing corn kernel harvester mainly has two types, one type is to improve a threshing cylinder of a wheat harvester and simultaneously adjust working parameters of the threshing cylinder to directly harvest corn kernels; the other is a special large-sized longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder, the threshing element is a toothed bar, and the corn ears are threshed by the striking of the toothed bar. The inventor finds that the main technical problems of the current corn kernel separating and harvesting machine are as follows:

(1) the transverse axial flow threshing cylinder is limited by the structure of the original wheat harvester, the threshing cylinder is short, cannot be fully threshed, and is mainly beaten by spike teeth for threshing, so that the seed crushing rate is difficult to control;

(2) most of threshing elements of the longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder are spike teeth or flat toothed bars, and rubber sleeves are additionally arranged on the spike teeth and the flat toothed bars, but the rubber sleeves are quickly worn and have no obvious effect on reducing the breakage rate, the threshing principle is still that the threshing elements strike ears, and the grain breakage rate is still difficult to control;

(3) the separation concave plate is mainly used as a grid concave plate of the wheat harvester, and the partition plates between every two grids can cause great damage to corn kernels, so that the kernel crushing rate is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device which can realize the threshing of corn, the separation of kernels, cobs and bracts and the discharge of cobs, bracts and impurities.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a working method of the combined type longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device, which can improve the threshing rate and reduce the harvest loss.

The invention aims to provide a corn kernel harvester which is low in kernel loss rate, long in ear threshing time, sufficient in threshing and low in kernel crushing rate.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device comprises a roller body, wherein a plurality of threaded rod blocks and threshing spike teeth are uniformly distributed on the surface of the roller body along a spiral line, the threaded rod blocks are fixed on the front half section of the roller body, and the threshing spike teeth are fixed on the rear half section of the roller body; the threshing concave plate is arranged below the roller body, the ears can be threshed under the combined action of the rasp bar block and the threshing concave plate, and the mixture formed after threshing can complete seed separation under the disturbance action of the threshing spike teeth.

Furthermore, the threaded rod block is fixedly connected with the roller body through a threaded rod seat, and the threshing spike teeth are fixedly connected with the roller body through a threshing spike tooth seat.

Furthermore, the threshing concave comprises a plurality of supporting plates which are arranged at intervals, and the supporting plates are connected through a plurality of connecting rods which are vertical to the supporting plates.

Furthermore, two ends of the supporting plate are connected together through a mounting plate respectively.

Furthermore, the cross section of the support plate is arc-shaped, and an inner circular arc line of the support plate passes through the center of the connecting rod.

Furthermore, the front end of the roller body is connected with a front half shaft head, the rear end of the roller body is connected with a rear half shaft head, and a helical blade is arranged between the front half shaft head and the roller body.

Furthermore, helical blade locates on the horn mouth of drum body front end, the horn mouth end installation retaining ring.

A combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device works, wherein a front half shaft head provides power, fruit ears are guided into the threshing and separating device through spiral blades during operation, and the fruit ears at the front section of a roller body are extruded and rubbed between a threaded rod block and a connecting rod on a threshing concave plate and are extruded, rubbed and threshed; the threshing spike teeth at the rear half section of the roller body disturb the mixture of the removed grains, the cob and the bracts so as to thoroughly separate the grains from the cob and the bracts, meanwhile, the threshing spike teeth thresh the unerased fruit ears at the front half section of the roller body, and the cob and the bracts are discharged from the rear side of the roller body.

A corn kernel harvester comprises the combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device, and the combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device is connected with a driving device.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the corn ear threshing machine adopts a combined installation structure of the grain rod block and the threshing spike teeth, the grain rod block is installed on the front half section of the roller body, the threshing spike teeth are installed on the rear half section of the roller body, the grain rod block is matched with the threshing concave plate to extrude and rub corn ears for threshing, the breaking rate of grains can be effectively reduced, the threshing spike teeth on the rear half section disturb sundries such as grains, cobs and bracts, so that the grains are thoroughly separated from sundries such as cobs and bracts, meanwhile, the threshing spike teeth thresh the unpeeled corn ears on the front half section of the roller body, and the sundries such as the cobs and the bracts are discharged from the rear side of the roller body, so that the threshing rate can be improved, and the harvesting loss can;

(2) the threshing concave plate comprises a supporting plate, a connecting rod and a mounting plate, wherein the connecting rod is vertically arranged with the supporting plate, an inner circular arc line of the connecting rod passes through the center of the round steel, and the connecting rod is in contact with corn ears during working, so that grains cannot be damaged.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a threshing concave according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a view of the threshing concave A according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of a threshing concave B according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of threshing elements according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

the threshing mechanism comprises a front half shaft head, a retainer ring, a spiral blade, a roller body, a threaded rod block, a fastener I, a threaded rod seat 7, a threshing nail tooth 8, a threshing nail tooth seat 9, a fastener II, a rear half shaft head 11, a threshing concave plate 12-1, a supporting plate 12-2, a connecting rod 12-3 and a mounting plate 6.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;

for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in this application, if any, merely indicate correspondence with the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application.

The terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like in the present application should be understood broadly, and for example, the terms "mounted", "connected", and "fixed" may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.

As introduced by the background art, the defects that the prior art cannot fully thresh and the grain breakage rate is difficult to control exist, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device, a method and a corn grain harvester.

The first embodiment is as follows:

the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and specifically, the structure is as follows:

the embodiment provides a combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device which comprises a roller body 4, a helical blade 3, a front half shaft head 1, a rear half shaft head 11, a threshing concave plate 12, a threaded rod block 5 and threshing spikes 8, wherein the helical blade 3 and the front half shaft head 1 are installed at the front end (taking the feeding direction as reference) of the roller body 4, the rear half shaft head 11 is installed at the rear end of the roller body 4, and the power of the roller body 4 is provided by the front half shaft head 1.

Specifically, the front end of the drum body 4 is provided with a bell mouth 13, the end part of the bell mouth 13 is fixed with a retaining ring 2, and in the embodiment, the retaining ring 2 is welded with the bell mouth of the drum body 4 to prevent the shaft head from winding grass. The helical blades 3 are distributed at the position of a bell mouth 13 of the roller body 4, and the front half shaft head 1 and the rear half shaft head 11 are respectively connected with the roller body 4 through a second fastening piece 10.

A plurality of threaded rod blocks 5 and threshing spike teeth 8 are uniformly distributed on the surface of the roller body 4 along a spiral line, the threaded rod blocks 5 are fixed on the front half section of the roller body 4, and the threshing spike teeth 8 are fixed on the rear half section of the roller body 4. The roller body 4 is developed as shown in fig. 5, and in the present embodiment, a threshing element (including a threshing rod block 5 and threshing teeth 8) mounting spiral is arranged at intervals of 120 ° at the central angle.

A threshing concave plate 12 is arranged below the roller body 4, when the threshing device works, the ears at the front half section of the roller body 4 mainly lean on the squeezing and rubbing of the grain rod block 5 and the threshing concave plate 12 and the squeezing, rubbing and threshing of the ears and the ears, and the threshing spike teeth 8 at the rear half section mainly play a role in disturbing the mixture to complete the separation of grains and have the threshing function.

Further, the rasp bar block 5 is fixedly connected with a rasp bar seat 7 through a first fastener 6, and the first fastener 6 can be a bolt, a screw and the like. The rasp bar seats 7 are welded with the roller body 4, and the distance between the adjacent rasp bar seats 7 is equal. The threshing spike teeth 8 are fixedly connected with the roller body 4 through threshing spike tooth seats 9, and the distance between every two adjacent threshing spike tooth seats 9 is equal.

As shown in fig. 2-4, the threshing concave 12 includes a supporting plate 12-1, a connecting rod 12-2, and a mounting plate 12-3, the supporting plates 12-1 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the drum body 4, and the cross section of the supporting plate 12-1 is arc-shaped, and has a certain width, including an inner arc line and an outer arc line.

The support plates 12-1 are connected to each other by a plurality of connecting rods 12-2 perpendicular thereto, and the inner circular arc of the support plate 12-1 passes through the center of the connecting rod 12-2. The connecting rods 12-2 are uniformly distributed, and the distance between every two adjacent connecting rods 12-2 can allow the corn kernels to pass through. In this embodiment, the connecting rod 12-2 is round steel, so that corn grains are not damaged when the corn is extruded and rubbed. The two ends of the supporting plate 12-1 are respectively connected together through a mounting plate 12-3.

The combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device can complete feeding of corn ears, corn threshing, separation of grains, cobs and bracts, discharge of cobs, bracts and sundries, after the corn ears are guided into the roller body 4 under the action of the spiral blades 3, most of the corn ears are extruded and rubbed by the rasp blocks 5 and the threshing concave plates 12 at the front half section of the roller body 4 and are threshed by extruding and rubbing the corn ears and the corn ears, and partial grains enter the cleaning device after passing through the threshing concave plates 12.

The threshing spike teeth 8 are arranged at the rear half section of the roller body 4 to realize the separation of seeds, cobs, bracts and sundries, and have the threshing function, the threshing spike teeth 8 can thresh the non-completely threshed fruit ears at the front half section, the loss rate of the seeds is lower, the threshing time of the fruit ears is long, the threshing is full, and the breaking rate of the seeds is low.

Example two:

this embodiment provides a maize seed grain harvester, including embodiment one the combination formula is indulged axial compressor and is threshed separator, combination formula axis of ordinates threshes separator and connects drive arrangement, and drive arrangement is maize seed grain harvester's current structure, and the here is no longer repeated.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device is characterized by comprising a roller body, wherein a plurality of threaded rod blocks and threshing spikes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the roller body along a spiral line, the threaded rod blocks are fixed on the front half section of the roller body, and the threshing spikes are fixed on the rear half section of the roller body; the threshing concave plate is arranged below the roller body, the ears can be threshed under the combined action of the rasp bar block and the threshing concave plate, and the mixture formed after threshing can complete seed separation under the disturbance action of the threshing spike teeth.

2. The combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device of claim 1, wherein the rasp bar block is fixedly connected with the roller body through a rasp bar seat, and the threshing spike teeth are fixedly connected with the roller body through a threshing spike tooth seat.

3. The combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device of claim 1 wherein said threshing concave includes a plurality of spaced support plates connected by a plurality of connecting bars perpendicular to the support plates.

4. The combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device of claim 3 wherein the two ends of said support plate are connected together by a mounting plate.

5. The combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device of claim 4 wherein the cross section of the support plate is circular and the inner circular arc of the support plate passes through the center of the connecting rod.

6. The combined type longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the roller body is connected with a front half shaft head, the rear end of the roller body is connected with a rear half shaft head, and a helical blade is arranged between the front half shaft head and the roller body.

7. The combined type longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device of claim 6, wherein the helical blade is arranged on a bell mouth at the front end of the roller body, and a retainer ring is arranged at the end part of the bell mouth.

8. The working method of the combined type longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the front half shaft head provides power, the ears are guided into the threshing and separating device through the helical blades during operation, the ears at the front section of the roller body are squeezed and rubbed between the threaded rod block and the connecting rod on the threshing concave plate, and the ears are squeezed and rubbed for threshing; the threshing spike teeth at the rear half section of the roller body disturb the mixture of the removed grains, the cob and the bracts so as to thoroughly separate the grains from the cob and the bracts, meanwhile, the threshing spike teeth thresh the unerased fruit ears at the front half section of the roller body, and the cob and the bracts are discharged from the rear side of the roller body.

9. A corn kernel harvester comprising the combined longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the combined longitudinal axial threshing and separating device is connected to a driving device.