CN111830137B - Testing system and evaluation method for underwater vibration isolation effect of vibration isolator - Google Patents
Testing system and evaluation method for underwater vibration isolation effect of vibration isolator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111830137B CN111830137B CN202010717035.2A CN202010717035A CN111830137B CN 111830137 B CN111830137 B CN 111830137B CN 202010717035 A CN202010717035 A CN 202010717035A CN 111830137 B CN111830137 B CN 111830137B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/12—Analysing solids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
Abstract
The invention relates to a test system and an evaluation method for underwater vibration isolation effect of a vibration isolator, wherein the test system comprises a water tank, the vibration isolator, a mass block, a vibration exciter, an S1 acceleration sensor, an S2 acceleration sensor and a data acquisition analyzer; the water tank simulates an underwater environment; the vibration isolator is fixed at the bottom of the water tank; the mass block is arranged on the vibration isolator to simulate the mass of the acoustic array, the vibration exciter is arranged above the mass block to send out an excitation signal, and the S1 acceleration sensor acquires an input response acceleration signal of the mass block; s2, the acceleration sensor acquires an output response acceleration signal of the vibration isolator; the data acquisition analyzer is connected with the two acceleration sensors and is used for carrying out low-pass digital filtering on the acceleration response signals. The invention simulates an actual installation environment, obtains the acceleration of a sensor at an excitation input point in a certain frequency band and the acceleration of the sensor after passing through a vibration isolator by building a large-scale acoustic array mass spring system in an underwater environment, and obtains the vibration isolation effect under different working frequency bands through calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration reduction and noise reduction, in particular to a single vibration isolator underwater vibration isolation effect measurement system and a vibration isolation effect evaluation method for simulating an installation environment.
Background
The acoustic array mainly undertakes the tasks of target detection, positioning, tracking, identification, underwater acoustic communication and the like of platforms such as ships and warships, and the performance of the acoustic array is closely related to factors such as sonar technology, overall arrangement, platform noise and the like. A certain sonar is firstly applied in China, is a novel large acoustic array, has a wide frequency range, an irregular array type and a large load, and has strict requirements on vibration fundamental frequency, resonance frequency, swing amplitude and vibration isolation effect, so that the vibration isolation effect requirement of the vibration isolator is firstly put forward. The requirement on the vibration isolation effect is high, and in order to ensure that vibration noise of the platform is effectively isolated and the requirement is met after the large acoustic array is installed, a set of effective test system and a detection test method need to be designed urgently to verify the vibration isolation performance of the vibration isolator.
The vibration isolation effect is a performance index firstly proposed for the acoustic array of the ship platform, is influenced by the bearing load, rubber hardness and the like of the vibration isolator, and comprehensively reflects the performance of the vibration isolator, so the following technical problems need to be solved:
1) The vibration isolation system under the ship environment needs to be built in practice, namely the vibration isolation system and the installation environment need to be simulated; meanwhile, because the difference between the air and underwater vibration isolation performance is large, an underwater environment needs to be simulated;
2) Selecting proper excitation sources and acceleration sensors according to the characteristics of the novel acoustic array and the characteristics of the platform, and establishing a reasonable vibration isolation response test system;
3) And (3) forming a vibration isolation effect calculation method by combining actually measured data and theory, and effectively evaluating whether the vibration isolation performance reaches the standard or not.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system and a method for testing the underwater vibration isolation effect of a vibration isolator aiming at the blank in the prior art, which are combined with the actual working environment of the vibration isolator, build a simulation test platform under the condition of a water tank, can accurately obtain the vibration isolation effect in different frequency bands, and guide the development of the vibration isolator and the product inspection.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a vibration isolator underwater vibration isolation effect test system comprises a water tank, a vibration isolator, a mass block, a vibration exciter, an S1 acceleration sensor, an S2 acceleration sensor and a data acquisition analyzer;
the water tank is filled with water and used for simulating an underwater environment; the vibration isolator is a device to be tested and is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the water tank; the mass block is arranged on the vibration isolator to enable the vibration isolator to be in a compression state, the mass block is used for simulating the mass of the acoustic array, and the mass block is wholly immersed in water; the vibration exciter is arranged above the mass block and used for sending an excitation signal with a certain working frequency band, and the excitation signal acts on the mass block to simulate the vibration of an acoustic array; the S1 acceleration sensor is arranged on the mass block and close to the vibration exciter and used for acquiring an input response acceleration signal of the mass block; the S2 acceleration sensor is arranged on the water tank bottom plate and close to the vibration isolator and used for acquiring an output response acceleration signal of the vibration isolator; and the data acquisition analyzer is connected with the two acceleration sensors and is used for performing low-pass digital filtering on the acceleration response signals.
In the scheme, the mass block mass W of the mass system constructed by a single vibration isolator is determined according to the total load L of the large acoustic array and the number n of the vibration isolators bearing the large acoustic array, wherein W = L/n.
In the scheme, the range of the vibration exciter is determined according to the working frequency bands F1-F2 and F3-F4 of the acoustic array and the mass W of the excited mass block, and the vibration exciter capable of ensuring that the signal noise of a measurement result is 10-15dB higher than the background noise is selected.
In the scheme, the acceleration sensor is determined according to the vibration magnitude of the vibration exciter, the measuring range is covered by the range, and the sensitivity reaches the measuring signal-to-noise ratio.
In the above scheme, the test system further comprises an installation plate, the vibration isolator is fixed to the bottom of the water tank through the installation plate, and the S2 acceleration sensor is installed on the installation plate.
In the scheme, the vibration exciter is arranged at the central shaft of the mass block through the ejector rod.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a method for evaluating the underwater vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolator, which comprises the following steps:
SP1, constructing the underwater vibration isolation effect test system of the vibration isolator according to claim 1;
SP2, measuring a response signal of the acceleration sensor;
SP3, vibration isolation effect calculation and evaluation
The underwater vibration isolation effect calculation method of the vibration isolator comprises the following steps:
the integral of the acceleration sensor response acceleration with respect to frequency at the excitation input point S1 is:
in the formula, P A For S1 acceleration sensor response acceleration, A 0 Frequency response of origin, f 0 ，f 1 Respectively calculating an initial frequency and a cut-off frequency;
the integral of the response acceleration of the acceleration sensor S2 on the bottom plate of the water tank with respect to the frequency is as follows:
in the formula, P B For S2 acceleration sensor response acceleration, B 0 Is the acceleration frequency response on the water tank bottom plate, f 0 ，f 1 Respectively, a start frequency and a cut-off frequency;
the base origin vibration isolation effect can be expressed as:
in the formula, dB represents decibel;
and editing and realizing vibration isolation effect calculation programs of formulas (1), (2) and (3) through MATLAB software, importing the sensor response acceleration obtained by the data acquisition analyzer in the previous step into the MATLAB calculation program, and respectively calculating to obtain the vibration isolation effect in the current working frequency range.
In the above method, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
SP2.1, setting parameters of a data acquisition analyzer: setting a sampling frequency capable of covering the working frequency band according to the working frequency band of the acoustic array; setting frequency resolution and sampling duration according to required measurement accuracy;
and SP2.2, outputting an excitation signal of a required frequency band by using a vibration exciter, and acquiring response signals of 2 acceleration sensors by using a data acquisition analyzer to obtain the input response acceleration of the mass block and the output response acceleration on the vibration isolator.
In the above method, after step SP3, the n-degree value averaging is performed on the test result to eliminate the influence of the external interference.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the vibration isolator underwater vibration isolation effect test system and the evaluation method provided by the invention simulate an actual installation environment, obtain the acceleration of a sensor at an excitation input point in a certain frequency band and the acceleration of the sensor after passing through the vibration isolator by constructing a large-scale acoustic array mass spring system in the underwater environment, and obtain the vibration isolation effect under different working frequency bands through calculation. The method can be used for analyzing the large-scale acoustic array vibration isolation effect of platforms such as ships and warships, checking the performance of the vibration isolator and guiding the design optimization of the large-scale acoustic array vibration isolator.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an underwater vibration isolation effect testing system of the vibration isolator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a response signal of the acceleration sensor of the present invention for frequency bands F1-F2;
FIG. 3 shows the response signals of the acceleration sensors of the present invention in frequency bands F3-F4.
In the figure: 10. a water tank; 20. a vibration isolator; 30. a mass block; 40. a vibration exciter; 50. s1, an acceleration sensor; 60. s2, an acceleration sensor; 70. a data acquisition analyzer; 80. a watertight cable; 90. and (7) mounting the plate.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for testing underwater vibration isolation effect of a vibration isolator provided by the present invention includes a water tank 10, a vibration isolator 20, a mass block 30, a vibration exciter 40, an S1 acceleration sensor 50, an S2 acceleration sensor 60, and a data acquisition analyzer 70. Tap water is filled in the water tank 10 to simulate an underwater environment. The vibration isolator 20 is a tested device and is a large-scale acoustic array vibration isolator 20, the mass block 30 with a certain tonnage is fixed on the upper end surface of the vibration isolator through a bolt and a screw to simulate the mass of a large-scale acoustic array, the lower end surface of the vibration isolator is connected with the mounting plate 90 on the bottom plate of the water tank 10 through a mounting bolt, and water is injected into the water tank 10 until the mass block 30 is completely submerged, so that a mass spring system is formed. The vibration exciter 40 is vertically installed above the central shaft of the mass block 30 through a top rod and is used for sending a white noise excitation signal with a certain working frequency band, and the excitation signal acts on the mass block 30 to simulate the vibration of an acoustic array. The installation mode and the bearing direction of the whole test system are both in a vertical state. The S1 acceleration sensor 50 is mounted on the mass block 30 near the exciter 40, and is configured to acquire an input response acceleration signal of the mass block 30. The S2 acceleration sensor 60 is mounted on the bottom plate of the water tank 10 near the vibration isolator 20, and is configured to obtain an output response acceleration signal of the vibration isolator 20. The data acquisition analyzer 70 is respectively connected with the two acceleration sensors through a watertight cable 80, and performs low-pass digital filtering on the acceleration response signals.
In the test system, the mass W of the mass block 30 of the mass system constructed by a single vibration isolator 20 is determined according to the total load L of the large acoustic array and the number n of the vibration isolators 20 bearing the large acoustic array, wherein W = L/n. Selecting a vibration exciter 40 with a range capable of ensuring that the signal-to-noise ratio of a measurement result is 10-15dB higher than that of background noise according to the working frequency bands F1-F2 and F3-F4 of the acoustic array and the mass W of the excited mass block 30; according to the vibration magnitude of the vibration exciter 40, an acceleration sensor with a measuring range covering the measuring range and sensitivity reaching the measuring signal-to-noise ratio is selected, and a data acquisition analyzer 70 is adopted for data acquisition.
Further optimizing, the two acceleration sensor soaking parts are designed with corresponding watertight structures to ensure the watertight performance of the acceleration sensor and the coaxial cable.
Correspondingly, the invention further provides an evaluation method for the underwater vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolator 20, which specifically comprises the following steps:
SP1 and set up test system
Based on the underwater vibration isolation effect test system of the vibration isolator 20, the mass spring system of the underwater environment of the vibration isolator 20 is built according to the actual ship-loading environment, so that the mass block 30 is immersed in water in the water tank 10, and the water tightness of the sensor and the cable is ensured.
SP2, measuring acceleration sensor response signal
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
SP2.1, setting parameters of the data acquisition analyzer 70: setting a sampling frequency capable of covering the working frequency band according to the working frequency band of the large acoustic array; the frequency resolution and the sampling duration are set according to the required measurement accuracy.
SP2.2, using a vibration exciter 40 to output white noise excitation signals of required frequency bands F1-F2 (or F3-F4), using a data acquisition analyzer 70 to acquire 2 acceleration sensor response signals, obtaining the input response acceleration of the mass block 30 and the output response acceleration on the vibration isolator 20, and drawing acceleration response graphs under different frequency bands as shown in figures 2 and 3, wherein the input is the acceleration of the sensor at an excitation input point in a certain frequency band, and the output is the acceleration of the sensor after passing through the vibration isolator in the certain frequency band.
SP3, vibration isolation effect calculation and evaluation
The underwater vibration isolation effect calculation method of the vibration isolator 20 comprises the following steps:
the acceleration sensor 50 at the excitation input point S1 integrates the response acceleration with respect to frequency as:
in the formula, P A In response to acceleration, A, of the acceleration sensor 50S 1 0 Frequency response of origin, f 0 ，f 1 Respectively calculating an initial frequency and a cut-off frequency;
the integral of the acceleration sensor 60 on the floor of the tank 10 in response to acceleration with respect to frequency is:
in the formula, P B For S2 the acceleration sensor 60 to respond to acceleration, B 0 Is the acceleration frequency response on the bottom plate of the water tank 10, f 0 ，f 1 Respectively, a start frequency and a cut-off frequency;
the base origin vibration isolation effect can be expressed as:
in the formula, dB represents decibel;
and editing and realizing a vibration isolation effect calculation program of the vibration isolators 20 of the formulas (1), (2) and (3) through MATLAB software, introducing the sensor response acceleration obtained by the data acquisition analyzer 70 in the previous step into the MATLAB calculation program, and respectively calculating to obtain the vibration isolation effect within the current 2 working frequency ranges. And averaging the test results by 8 times to eliminate the influence of external interference.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for evaluating the underwater vibration isolation effect of a vibration isolator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
SP1, building a vibration isolator underwater vibration isolation effect test system; the underwater vibration isolation effect test system of the vibration isolator comprises a water tank, the vibration isolator, a mass block, a vibration exciter, an S1 acceleration sensor, an S2 acceleration sensor and a data acquisition analyzer; the water tank is filled with water and used for simulating an underwater environment; the vibration isolator is a device to be tested and is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the water tank; the mass block is arranged on the vibration isolator to enable the vibration isolator to be in a compression state, the mass block is used for simulating the mass of the acoustic array, and the mass block is wholly immersed in water; the vibration exciter is arranged above the mass block and used for sending an excitation signal with a certain working frequency band, and the excitation signal acts on the mass block to simulate the vibration of the acoustic array; the S1 acceleration sensor is arranged on the mass block and close to the vibration exciter and used for acquiring an input response acceleration signal of the mass block; the S2 acceleration sensor is arranged on the water tank bottom plate and close to the vibration isolator and used for acquiring an output response acceleration signal of the vibration isolator; the data acquisition analyzer is connected with the two acceleration sensors and is used for performing low-pass digital filtering on the acceleration response signals;
SP2, measuring a response signal of the acceleration sensor;
SP3, vibration isolation effect calculation and evaluation
The underwater vibration isolation effect calculation method of the vibration isolator comprises the following steps:
the integral of the acceleration sensor response acceleration with respect to frequency at the excitation input point S1 is:
in the formula, P A For S1 acceleration sensor response acceleration, A 0 Is the origin frequency response, f is the frequency, f 0 ，f 1 Respectively calculating an initial frequency and a cut-off frequency;
the integral of the response acceleration of the acceleration sensor S2 on the bottom plate of the water tank with respect to the frequency is as follows:
in the formula, P B For S2 acceleration sensor response acceleration, B 0 Is the acceleration frequency response on the bottom plate of the water tank, f is the frequency, f 0 ，f 1 Respectively, a start frequency and a cut-off frequency;
the base origin vibration isolation effect is then expressed as:
in the formula, beta represents the base original point vibration isolation effect, and dB represents decibel;
and editing and realizing the vibration isolation effect calculation programs of the formulas (1), (2) and (3) through MATLAB software, importing the sensor response acceleration obtained by the data acquisition analyzer in the previous step into the MATLAB calculation program, and respectively calculating to obtain the vibration isolation effect in the current working frequency range.
2. The method for evaluating the underwater vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolator according to claim 1, wherein step S2 specifically comprises the steps of:
SP2.1, setting parameters of a data acquisition analyzer: setting a sampling frequency capable of covering the working frequency band according to the working frequency band of the acoustic array; setting frequency resolution and sampling duration according to required measurement accuracy;
and SP2.2, outputting an excitation signal of a required frequency band by using a vibration exciter, and acquiring response signals of 2 acceleration sensors by using a data acquisition analyzer to obtain the input response acceleration of the mass block and the output response acceleration on the vibration isolator.
3. The method for evaluating the underwater vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolator according to claim 1, wherein after the step SP3, the test results are averaged for n times to eliminate the influence of external interference.
4. The method for evaluating the underwater vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolator according to claim 1, wherein the mass W of the mass system constructed by a single vibration isolator is determined according to the total load L of the large acoustic array and the number n of the vibration isolators bearing the large acoustic array, wherein W = L/n.
5. The method for evaluating the underwater vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolator according to claim 4, wherein the range of the vibration exciter is determined according to the working frequency bands F1 to F2 and F3 to F4 of the acoustic array and the quality W of the excited mass block, and the vibration exciter capable of ensuring that the signal-to-noise ratio of a measurement result is 10-15dB higher than the background noise is selected.
6. The method for evaluating the underwater vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolator according to claim 5, wherein the acceleration sensor is determined according to the vibration magnitude of the vibration exciter, and the acceleration sensor with the measuring range covered and the sensitivity reaching the measuring signal-to-noise ratio is selected.
7. The method for evaluating the underwater vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolator according to claim 1, wherein the test system further comprises a mounting plate, the vibration isolator is fixed at the bottom of the water tank through the mounting plate, and the S2 acceleration sensor is mounted on the mounting plate.
8. The method for evaluating the underwater vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolator according to claim 1, wherein the vibration exciter is installed at the central axis of the mass block through a top rod.
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