CN112729734B - Method for measuring transfer characteristics of series-type vibration isolator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for testing the transfer characteristics of a series vibration isolation system, wherein a test device for testing comprises a vibration excitation system, a test and monitoring system, a vibration isolation system and a vibration isolated system, and the vibration isolation system and the vibration isolated system simulate the working states of vibration isolators of different helicopter types and under different gross flight weights. The force and displacement transfer rate of the tandem type vibration isolator under the working frequency can be further calculated through measuring the acceleration and the force under the constant-frequency excitation, the change rule of the transfer rate of the tandem type vibration isolator along with the excitation frequency can be obtained through frequency sweep measurement, and the effectiveness of the tandem type vibration isolator in the test frequency range is further verified. The method can adapt to different working states of the vibration isolator, provides a test research method for the performance and characteristic research of the series type vibration isolator, provides support for verifying the feasibility and the dynamic characteristic of the series type vibration isolator, and has great significance for the vibration reduction design of the straightening elevator of the series type vibration isolator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration control, and particularly relates to a method for measuring transmission characteristics of a series-type vibration isolator.
Background
The basis of the vibration isolation design is to study the problem of transmission of vibration between objects. The vibration of the helicopter mainly comes from periodic excitation of the rotor wing, the structure bearing the vibration is an airframe, and the main reducing mechanism not only plays a role in transmitting static load when connecting the rotor wing and the airframe, but also transmits the vibration to the airframe. The series-type vibration isolator is connected in series with the main drag reducing support rod to reduce the exciting force transmitted from the rotor wing to the machine body, such as a liquid-elastic vibration isolator.
In order to verify the vibration isolation performance of the tandem type vibration isolator, the relevant dynamic characteristics of the vibration isolator need to be tested. The traditional idea is to carry out a dynamic stiffness test method, wherein the dynamic stiffness test method is mainly carried out by fixing one end of the vibration isolator, applying an alternating dynamic force to the other end of the vibration isolator and obtaining the dynamic stiffness characteristic of the vibration isolator through the measured time domain response of the exciting force and the displacement; although the method is relatively simple to implement, the requirements on the output exciting force and the measurement precision of test equipment are high due to the high rigidity of the vibration isolator and the special requirement on the exciting frequency, the rapid test is not facilitated, and meanwhile, the method cannot directly measure the transmission characteristic of the series connection type vibration isolation system and only indirectly reflects the transmission characteristic of the series connection type vibration isolation system.
The test method in the scheme directly simulates the actual working state of the vibration isolator, the vibration sources and the machine body at two ends of the vibration isolator are respectively simulated by using certain counterweight mass, and the sensors are used for respectively measuring the response at two ends of the vibration isolator, so that the transfer characteristic of the vibration isolator can be more effectively obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to test the transmission characteristic of the tandem type vibration isolator connected in series with the main support reducing rod in the use state and obtain the vibration isolation efficiency of the vibration isolator, the test method suitable for the transmission rate test of the tandem type vibration isolator is provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in order to achieve the above object, a method for testing the transmission characteristics of a tandem type vibration isolation system is provided, in which a test apparatus 100 for testing includes:
the excitation system comprises a pressure sensor 107 and an excitation platform 108 and is used for providing external excitation for the test device and matching the weight of the simulation excitation end;
the testing and monitoring system comprises an acceleration sensor a109, an acceleration sensor b110, a terminal system 111 and an acquisition system 112, and is used for measuring the dynamic response of an excitation end and a vibration-isolated object and providing system safety monitoring data;
the vibration isolation and isolation system comprises a first additional mass 101, a bracket top plate 102, a bracket bottom plate 106, a fixed bracket 104 and a second additional mass 105; the serial-type vibration isolator is used for simulating the mass of an object to be isolated and is connected with a serial-type vibration isolator 103 to be tested;
the pressure sensor 107 is mounted on the upper end face of the excitation platform 108; the lower part of the bracket bottom plate 106 is connected with the pressure sensor 107; the upper end of the fixed support 104 is connected with the support top plate 102, the lower end of the fixed support is connected with the support bottom plate 106, the first additional mass 101 is installed above the support top plate 102, the series-type vibration isolator 103 to be tested is hung below the support top plate 102, and the second additional mass 105 is connected to the lower part of the series-type vibration isolator 103 to be tested; the acceleration sensor a109 is mounted on the lower end face of the support top plate 102, the acceleration sensor b110 is mounted on the upper end face of the second additional mass 105, the pressure sensor 107, the acceleration sensor a109 and the acceleration sensor b110 are respectively electrically connected with the acquisition system 112, and the terminal system 111 is electrically connected with the acquisition system 112;
the test method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mounting a serial type vibration isolator 103 to be tested on the test device 100, wherein the serial type vibration isolator 103 to be tested is vertical to the vibration excitation platform 108 and is not in contact with the side edge of the fixed support 104, so that the vibration isolator can vertically move in the test device 100 to carry out vibration isolation;
s2: carrying out test loading to enable a test part on the excitation platform (108) to do vertical simple harmonic motion under an applied load, controlling the displacement output of the excitation platform (108) by a real-time acquisition and recording terminal system (111) through an acquisition system (112), and transmitting acceleration through an acceleration sensor a (109) and accelerationAcceleration response amplitude a of first additional mass (101) at the upper end and the lower end of the series-type vibration isolator (103) to be tested, which is obtained by the sensor b (110) respectively a The acceleration response amplitude a of the second additional mass (105) b Simultaneously recording the output force of the excitation platform (108) obtained by the pressure sensor (107);
the excitation platform (108) is controlled through the terminal system (111), and vertical stable sine periodic displacement vibration is output by the excitation platform (108);
carrying out sine scanning excitation within the vibration isolation frequency range of the serial vibration isolator (103) to be tested by using the terminal system (111);
s3: the displacement output of the excitation platform 108 is controlled by the real-time acquisition and recording terminal system 111 through the acquisition system 112, and the acceleration response amplitude a of the first additional mass 101 at the upper end and the lower end of the series-connected vibration isolator 103 to be tested, which is obtained through the acceleration sensor a109 and the acceleration sensor b110 respectively, is obtained through the acceleration sensor a109 a Second additional mass 105 acceleration response amplitude a b And simultaneously recording the output force of the excitation platform 108 obtained by the pressure sensor 107, and recording the output force as F 0 ；
S4: calculating the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the tandem type vibration isolator 103 under different frequencies, and converting the experimental force and acceleration signals into the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the tandem type vibration isolator 103 under a certain excitation frequency through calculation so as to obtain the performance parameters of the vibration isolator;
the specific calculation process of the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate is as follows:
the output force of the excitation platform 108 at different frequencies is obtained by the pressure sensor 107 and is marked as F 0 The acceleration response amplitude a of the second additional mass 105 is obtained by the acceleration sensor b110 b The load transferred to the second additional mass 105 can be obtained according to newton's law, the magnitude of which is denoted F T The load transmissibility T at a certain frequency value under the working state of the tandem type vibration isolator 103 can be calculated according to the following formula I fx Comprises the following steps:
T fx ＝F T /F 0 is like
Wherein, F T ＝m 2 ×a b ,m 2 Is the mass of the second additional mass 105;
obtaining the acceleration response amplitude a of the first additional mass 101 from the acceleration sensor a109 a And the acceleration sensor b110 obtains the acceleration response amplitude a of the second additional mass 105 b Respectively calculating the displacement response amplitude under specific frequency by adopting the following formula:
S a ＝∫∫a a d 2 t| S b ＝∫∫a b d 2 t formula II
Wherein, a a Is the acceleration response amplitude of the first added mass 101, t is the test duration, ^ d 2 t is the double integral over time, S a Is the magnitude of the displacement response of the first additional mass 101, a b Is the acceleration response amplitude, S, of the second additional mass 105 b The magnitude of the displacement response for the second additional mass 105;
according to the following equation three, the magnitude of the displacement response S by the second additional mass 105 b Magnitude of displacement response S with first additional mass 101 a The ratio of (a) to (b) yields the displacement transmissibility of the series vibration isolator 103:
T sx ＝S b /S a formula III
S5: by changing the output frequency of the excitation platform 108, the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the tandem type vibration isolator 103 to be tested under different frequencies can be obtained, and the characteristic curves of the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the corresponding tandem type vibration isolator 103 changing along with the excitation frequency are respectively drawn to be used as important bases for judging the effectiveness of the tandem type vibration isolator in the excitation frequency range.
In a possible embodiment, in step S1, the total mass of the fixing bracket 104 and the first additional mass 101 is 1/N of the total mass of the helicopter rotor system, the total mass of the second additional mass 105 is 1/N of the mass of the helicopter body, and N is the number of struts included in the helicopter main reducing system.
In one possible embodiment, in the step S1, the static tension displacement range of the tandem type vibration isolator 103 is 1-2mm under the action of the second additional mass 105 of the tandem type vibration isolator 103.
In one possible embodiment, in the step S1, the tandem type vibration isolator 103 is tightly connected to the testing apparatus 100, and is left for a standing time not less than 3min and not more than 12H, and the tandem type vibration isolator 103 can move vertically in the installation space without lateral displacement.
In a possible embodiment, in the step S2, the amplitude of the vertical steady-state sinusoidal periodic displacement ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.5mm, and the vibration duration is not less than 20S.
In a possible embodiment, in said step S2, the lateral displacement acceleration of said second additional mass (105) should be less than 0.01g.
In a possible embodiment, in said step S2, the total weight of said acceleration sensors a109, b110 should be less than 0.5% of the second additional mass 105, the temperature variation during the whole test is less than ± 3 degrees celsius, and there is no strong electromagnetic interference.
In one possible embodiment, in step S4, the step size of the output frequency change of the excitation platform 108 should be in the range of 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for testing the transfer characteristics of a tandem type vibration isolation system, which comprises a vibration excitation system, a testing and monitoring system, a vibration isolation system and a vibration isolated system, wherein the working states of vibration isolators of different helicopter types and different total flying weights can be simulated by changing the weights of a first additional mass and a second additional mass. The force and displacement transfer rate of the series-type vibration isolator under the working frequency can be obtained by measuring the acceleration and the force under the constant-frequency excitation, the change rule of the transfer rate of the series-type vibration isolator along with the excitation frequency can be obtained by measuring the frequency sweep, and the effectiveness of the series-type vibration isolator in the test frequency range can be further proved. The method can adapt to different working states of the vibration isolator, provides a test research method for the performance and characteristic research of the series type vibration isolator, provides support for verifying the feasibility and the dynamic characteristic of the series type vibration isolator, and has great significance for the vibration reduction design of the series type vibration isolator for installing the helicopter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the testing apparatus 100 of the present invention
Wherein:
100-test device, 101-first additional mass, 102-support top plate, 106-support bottom plate, 104-fixed support, 105-second additional mass, 107-pressure sensor, 108-vibration excitation platform, 109-acceleration sensor a, 110-acceleration sensor b, 111-terminal system, 112-acquisition system, 103-serial vibration isolator to be tested
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A test device 100 for testing the transfer characteristic of a series vibration isolation system is shown in FIG. 2 and comprises:
the excitation system comprises a pressure sensor 107 and an excitation platform 108 and is used for providing external excitation for the test device and matching the weight of the simulation excitation end;
the testing and monitoring system comprises an acceleration sensor a109, an acceleration sensor b110, a terminal system 111 and an acquisition system 112, and is used for measuring the dynamic response of an excitation end and an object to be subjected to vibration isolation and providing system safety monitoring data;
the vibration isolation and isolation system comprises a first additional mass 101, a bracket top plate 102, a bracket bottom plate 106, a fixed bracket 104 and a second additional mass 105; the device is used for simulating the mass of an object to be isolated and is connected with the serial-type vibration isolator 103 to be tested;
the pressure sensor 107 is mounted on the upper end face of the excitation platform 108; the lower part of the bracket bottom plate 106 is connected with the pressure sensor 107; the upper end of the fixed support 104 is connected with the support top plate 102, the lower end of the fixed support is connected with the support bottom plate 106, the first additional mass 101 is installed above the support top plate 102, the series-type vibration isolator 103 to be tested is hung below the support top plate 102, and the second additional mass 105 is connected to the lower part of the series-type vibration isolator 103 to be tested; the acceleration sensor a109 is mounted on the lower end face of the support top plate 102, the acceleration sensor b110 is mounted on the upper end face of the second additional mass 105, the pressure sensor 107, the acceleration sensor a109 and the acceleration sensor b110 are respectively electrically connected with the acquisition system 112, and the terminal system 111 is electrically connected with the acquisition system 112;
as shown in fig. 1, the testing method specifically includes the following steps:
s1: mounting a series-type vibration isolator 103 to be tested on a test device 100;
s2: carrying out test loading;
the excitation platform 108 is controlled through the terminal system 111, and vertical stable sine periodic displacement vibration is output by the excitation platform 108;
performing sine scanning excitation within the vibration isolation frequency range of the serial vibration isolators 103 to be tested by using a terminal system 111;
the displacement output of the excitation platform 108 is controlled by a real-time acquisition and recording terminal system 111 through an acquisition system 112, and the acceleration response a of the first additional mass 101 at the upper end and the lower end of the series-connected vibration isolator 103 to be tested is respectively obtained through an acceleration sensor a109 and an acceleration sensor b110 a Second additional mass 105 acceleration response a b Simultaneously recording the output force of the excitation platform 108 obtained by the pressure sensor 107;
s3: calculating the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the series-type vibration isolator 103 under different frequencies;
the output force of the excitation platform 108 at different frequencies is obtained by the pressure sensor 107 and is marked as F 0 The acceleration response amplitude of the second additional mass 105 is obtained by the acceleration sensor b110Value a b The load transferred to the second additional mass 105 can be obtained according to newton's law, the magnitude of which is denoted F T Therefore, the load transfer rate T at a certain frequency value under the working state of the series vibration isolator 103 can be calculated according to the following formula I fx Comprises the following steps:
T fx ＝F T /F 0 is like
Wherein, F T ＝m 2 ×a b ,m 2 Mass of the second additional mass 105;
obtaining the acceleration response amplitude a of the first additional mass 101 according to the acceleration sensor a109 a And the acceleration sensor b110 obtains the acceleration response amplitude a of the second additional mass 105 b Respectively calculating the displacement response amplitude under specific frequency by adopting the following formula:
S a ＝∫∫a a d 2 t| S b ＝∫∫a b d 2 t formula II
Wherein, a a Is the acceleration response amplitude of the first added mass 101, t is the test duration, ^ d 2 t is the double integral over time, S a Is the magnitude of the displacement response of the first additional mass 101, a b Is the acceleration response amplitude, S, of the second additional mass 105 b The magnitude of the displacement response for the second additional mass 105;
the magnitude S of the displacement response of the second additional mass 105 b Magnitude of displacement response S with first additional mass 101 a The ratio of (a) to (b) is the displacement transfer rate of the series type vibration isolator 103:
T sx ＝S b /S a formula III
S4: by changing the output frequency of the excitation platform 108, the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the serial vibration isolator 103 to be tested under different frequencies can be obtained, and the characteristic curves of the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the corresponding serial vibration isolator 103 changing along with the excitation frequency are respectively drawn;
in the step S1, the total mass of the fixed bracket 104 and the first additional mass 101 is 1/N of the total mass of the helicopter rotor system, the total mass of the second additional mass 105 is 1/N of the mass of the helicopter body, and N is the number of struts included in a helicopter main reducing system;
in the step S1, under the action of the second additional mass 105, the static tensile displacement range of the tandem type vibration isolator 103 is 1-2mm;
in the step S1, the tandem type vibration isolator 103 is closely connected to the test device 100, the standing time is not less than 3min and not more than 12H, and the tandem type vibration isolator 103 can move vertically in the installation space without lateral displacement;
in the step S2, the range of the displacement amplitude of the vertical stable sine cycle is 0.1-0.5mm, and the vibration duration is not less than 20S;
in said step S2, the lateral displacement acceleration of said second additional mass (105) should be less than 0.01g;
in the step S2, the total weight of the acceleration sensor a109 and the acceleration sensor b110 should be less than 0.5% of the second additional mass (105), the temperature change is less than ± 3 ℃ in the whole test process, and no strong electromagnetic interference exists;
in step S4, the step of changing the output frequency of the excitation stage 108 should be in the range of 0.1 to 1 Hz.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. The scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention will be covered by the scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A test method for transfer characteristics of a series vibration isolation system is provided, wherein a test device (100) for testing comprises:
the excitation system comprises a pressure sensor (107) and an excitation platform (108) and is used for providing external excitation for the test device and matching the weight of the simulation excitation end;
the testing and monitoring system comprises an acceleration sensor a (109), an acceleration sensor b (110), a terminal system (111) and an acquisition system (112), and is used for measuring the dynamic response of an excitation end and an object to be subjected to vibration isolation and providing system safety monitoring data;
the vibration isolation and isolation system comprises a first additional mass (101), a support top plate (102), a support bottom plate (106), a fixed support (104) and a second additional mass (105); the device is used for simulating the mass of an object to be subjected to vibration isolation and is connected with a series-type vibration isolator (103) to be tested;
the test method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps that a serial-type vibration isolator (103) to be tested is installed on a test device (100), the serial-type vibration isolator (103) to be tested is perpendicular to a vibration excitation platform (108) and is not in contact with the side edge of a fixed support (104), and the vibration isolator can vertically move in the test device (100) to carry out vibration isolation;
s2: carrying out test loading to enable a test part on the excitation platform (108) to do vertical simple harmonic motion under an applied load, acquiring and recording the displacement output of the excitation platform (108) by the terminal system (111) through the acquisition system (112), and acquiring the acceleration response amplitude a of the first additional mass (101) at the upper end and the lower end of the serial vibration isolator (103) to be tested through the acceleration sensor a (109) and the acceleration sensor b (110) respectively a The acceleration response amplitude a of the second additional mass (105) b Simultaneously recording the output force of the excitation platform (108) obtained by the pressure sensor (107);
the excitation platform (108) is controlled through the terminal system (111), and vertical stable sine periodic displacement vibration is output by the excitation platform (108);
carrying out sine scanning excitation within the vibration isolation frequency range of the serial vibration isolator (103) to be tested by using the terminal system (111);
s3: calculating the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the series-type vibration isolator (103) under different frequencies, and converting the experimental measured force and acceleration signals into the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the series-type vibration isolator (103) under a certain excitation frequency through calculation so as to obtain the performance parameters of the vibration isolator;
the specific calculation process of the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate is as follows:
the output force of the excitation platform 108 at different frequencies is obtained by the pressure sensor 107 and is marked as F 0 The acceleration response amplitude a of the second additional mass 105 is obtained by the acceleration sensor b110 b The load transferred to the second additional mass 105 can be obtained according to newton's law, the magnitude of which is denoted F T The load transfer rate T at a certain frequency value under the working state of the series type vibration isolator 103 can be calculated according to the following formula I fx Comprises the following steps:
T fx ＝F T /F 0 is like
Wherein, F T ＝m 2 ×a b ,m 2 Is the mass of the second additional mass 105;
obtaining the acceleration response amplitude a of the first additional mass 101 from the acceleration sensor a109 a And the acceleration sensor b110 obtains the acceleration response amplitude a of the second additional mass 105 b Respectively calculating the displacement response amplitude under specific frequency by adopting the following formula:
S a ＝|∫∫a a d 2 t| S b ＝|∫∫a b d 2 t | formula two
Wherein, a a Is the acceleration response amplitude of the first added mass 101, t is the test duration, ^ d 2 t is the double integral over time, S a Is the magnitude of the displacement response of the first additional mass 101, a b Is the acceleration response amplitude, S, of the second additional mass 105 b The magnitude of the displacement response for the second additional mass 105;
according to the following equation three, the magnitude of the displacement response S by the second additional mass 105 b Magnitude of displacement response S with first additional mass 101 a Obtaining the displacement transmission rate of the series type vibration isolator 103 by the ratio of:
T sx ＝S b /S a formula III
S4: by changing the output frequency of the excitation platform (108), the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the series type vibration isolator (103) to be tested under different frequencies can be obtained, and the characteristic curves of the load transfer rate and the displacement transfer rate of the corresponding series type vibration isolator (103) changing along with the excitation frequency are respectively drawn out and serve as important basis for the effectiveness of the series type vibration isolator in the excitation frequency range.
2. The method for testing the transfer characteristic of the tandem type vibration isolation system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor (107) is installed on the upper end surface of the excitation platform (108); the lower part of the bracket bottom plate (106) is connected with the pressure sensor (107); the upper end of the fixed support (104) is connected with the support top plate (102), the lower end of the fixed support is connected with the support bottom plate (106), the first additional mass (101) is installed above the support top plate (102), the serial vibration isolator (103) to be tested is hung below the support top plate (102), and the second additional mass (105) is connected to the lower part of the serial vibration isolator (103) to be tested; the acceleration sensor a (109) is installed on the lower end face of the support top plate (102), the acceleration sensor b (110) is installed on the upper end face of the second additional mass (105), the pressure sensor (107), the acceleration sensor a (109) and the acceleration sensor b (110) are electrically connected with the acquisition system (112) respectively, and the terminal system (111) is electrically connected with the acquisition system (112).
3. The method for testing the transfer characteristic of the tandem type vibration isolation system according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the total mass of the fixed bracket (104) and the first additional mass (101) is 1/N of the total mass of the helicopter rotor system, the total mass of the second additional mass (105) is 1/N of the mass of the helicopter body, and N is the number of struts included in the helicopter main reducing system.
4. The method for testing the transfer characteristic of the series vibration isolation system according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the static tensile displacement range of the series vibration isolator (103) is 1-2mm under the action of the second additional mass (105) of the series vibration isolator (103).
5. The method for testing the transfer characteristic of a series vibration isolation system according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the series vibration isolator (103) is closely connected with the test device (100) and is kept still for not less than 3min and not more than 12H, and the series vibration isolator (103) can move vertically in the installation space without lateral displacement.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the amplitude of the vertical steady-state sinusoidal periodic displacement ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.5mm, and the vibration duration is not less than 20S.
7. The method for testing the transfer characteristic of a tandem type vibration isolation system according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the lateral displacement acceleration of the second additional mass (105) is less than 0.01g.
8. The method for testing the transfer characteristic of a tandem type vibration isolation system according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the total weight of the acceleration sensors a (109) and b (110) is less than 0.5% of the second additional mass (105), the temperature change is less than ± 3 ℃ during the whole test, and no strong electromagnetic interference exists.
9. The method for testing the transfer characteristic of a tandem type vibration isolation system according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the step of changing the output frequency of the vibration exciting platform (108) is within the range of 0.1-1 Hz.
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