CN111828195B - Stirling engine system coupled with thermoelectric power generation and operation method - Google Patents
Stirling engine system coupled with thermoelectric power generation and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111828195B CN111828195B CN202010694903.XA CN202010694903A CN111828195B CN 111828195 B CN111828195 B CN 111828195B CN 202010694903 A CN202010694903 A CN 202010694903A CN 111828195 B CN111828195 B CN 111828195B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/045—Controlling
- F02G1/047—Controlling by varying the heating or cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/053—Component parts or details
- F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1815—Rotary generators structurally associated with reciprocating piston engines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a Stirling engine system for coupling thermoelectric power generation and an operation method thereof, which are mainly applied to the field of reactor power systems and the like and can be used as a movable island power supply above kilowatt level for supplying power in remote areas. The system comprises a small reactor heat source, a circulating pump, a flow dividing valve, a Stirling engine, a generator, a temperature difference power generation system, a storage battery and a collecting three-way valve. The system can operate in three operation modes, the output power of the Stirling engine and the thermoelectric power generation system is distributed according to the external load requirement by adjusting the opening of the flow divider valve, so that the Stirling engine bears stable basic load, the output power change caused by small-amplitude fluctuation change of the external load is borne by the rapid response characteristic of the thermoelectric power generation system, and the variable-load operation flexibility of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Stirling engine system, in particular to a Stirling engine system for coupling thermoelectric power generation and an operation method.
Background
The Stirling engine adopts closed circulation and is a piston type power machine which is heated by an external heat source, compresses and expands a gas working medium and converts heat energy into mechanical energy. The Stirling engine has the advantages of strong heat source adaptability, high cycle efficiency, low noise, long service life and the like, so the Stirling engine has wide application prospect in the fields of solar photo-thermal power generation, waste heat utilization, ship power and the like. The Stirling engine is combined with a small-sized integrated reactor, and the reactor can be used as a movable island power supply above kilowatt level for supplying power to remote areas. For a constant temperature heat source driven stirling engine system, the change in stirling engine output power is achieved by changing the speed of rotation as the external load demand changes. Correspondingly, the flow of the working medium at the high-temperature side of the Stirling engine and the flow of the cooling working medium need to be changed to adapt to the variable load requirement. Therefore, the Stirling engine has certain hysteresis phenomenon in the load changing process and cannot meet the requirement of rapidly changing external load. Furthermore, frequent changes in rotational speed will have an effect on stirling engine component life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a Stirling engine system coupled with thermoelectric power generation and an operation method thereof, aiming at improving the flexibility of the Stirling engine system during variable-load operation and avoiding the problem of component service life caused by frequent fluctuation and change of external load, and the Stirling engine system and the operation method can realize rapid variable-load operation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the Stirling engine system for coupling the thermoelectric power generation comprises a small reactor heat source 1, a circulating pump 2, a flow dividing valve 3, a Stirling engine 4, a generator 5, a collecting three-way valve 6, a thermoelectric power generation system 7 and a storage battery 8;
the outlet end of a heat source 1 of the small reactor is connected with the inlet end of a circulating pump 2, the outlet end of the circulating pump 2 is connected with the inlet of a flow dividing valve 3, the flow dividing valve 3 divides a high-temperature working medium entering a temperature difference power generation system 7 to flow out, and the high-temperature working medium is conveyed to the inlet end of the high-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation system 7 from a second outlet 3.2 of the flow dividing valve 3, the outlet end of the high-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation system 7 is connected with a second inlet 6.2 of a collecting three-way valve 6, cooling water is introduced into the low-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation system 7 to cool, the flow direction of the cooling water is opposite;
the first outlet 3.1 of the flow divider 3 is connected with the inlet end of the high-temperature side of the Stirling engine 4, the outlet end of the high-temperature side of the Stirling engine 4 is connected with the first inlet 6.1 of the collecting three-way valve 6, the cold end of the Stirling engine 4 is introduced with cooling water for cooling, the power output by the Stirling engine 4 drives the generator 5 to generate electric energy, and the outlet of the collecting three-way valve 6 is connected with the inlet end of the heat source 1 of.
According to the Stirling engine system coupled with the thermoelectric power generation, the flow distribution of the high-temperature working medium between the Stirling engine and the thermoelectric power generation system is changed through the flow dividing valve 3, and the system can start different operation modes under different load requirements. The system can operate in three operating modes: under the condition of low external load demand or no load demand, the Stirling engine 4 and the generator 5 are stopped, a small amount of circulating working medium is heated by using the small reactor heat source 1, and the working medium is introduced into the temperature difference power generation system 7 and outputs a small amount of electric energy to be directly used or stored in the storage battery 8; secondly, under the conditions of high external load demand and stable load, the Stirling engine 4 is started alone to drive the generator 8 to generate electricity; and thirdly, when the external load demand is unstable, in order to meet the external load demand which changes frequently in a fluctuating way, the Stirling power generation system and the temperature difference power generation system 7 are started to generate power, when the load demand changes, the flow of the working medium flowing into the temperature difference power generation system 7 is changed by changing the opening degree of the second outlet 3.2 of the flow dividing valve 3, the flow of the working medium entering the Stirling engine 4 is kept unchanged, the quick change of the output power of the system is realized by utilizing the quick response characteristic of the temperature difference power generation system 7, and the fluctuating external load demand is met.
The system flexibly switches three operation modes of generating power by the thermoelectric power generation and the Stirling engine driving the generator to generate power, and realizes the self-adaption flexible operation of the system under all working conditions; under the condition of low load demand, the system operates in an operation mode (I), the flow divider valve 3 only opens the second outlet 3.2, and the high-temperature working medium is controlled to flow into the temperature difference power generation system 7 for power generation; when the load demand rises and the output power of the thermoelectric power generation system cannot meet the external demand, a first outlet 3.1 of a flow divider 3 is opened to control a high-temperature working medium to flow into a Stirling engine 4 to drive a generator 5 to generate power; when the external load requirement is stable, the second outlet 3.2 of the flow divider 3 is gradually closed, the first outlet 3.1 of the flow divider 3 is opened, the flow of the working medium flowing into the thermoelectric power generation system 7 is transferred to the circulation loop where the Stirling engine 4 is located, and the system can be maintained in the operation mode (II), so that the generator 5 bears the external stable load. And (3) partially opening the opening degree of a second outlet 3.2 of the flow divider valve 3, and maintaining the operation of the thermoelectric power generation system 7, wherein the system is in the operation mode (III). At the moment, the flow of the first outlet 3.1 of the flow divider 3 is kept unchanged, the output power of the Stirling engine 4 is kept stable, the generator 5 bears most of basic load, and the temperature difference power generation system 7 bears less load; when the external load demand is changed rapidly in a small range, the output power of the thermoelectric generation system 7 can be changed rapidly by changing the opening degree of the second outlet 3.2 of the flow dividing valve 3, so that the thermoelectric generation system 7 bears the rapid change part of the external load, the output power of the Stirling engine 4 is kept unchanged, the operation flexibility of the system is improved when the load is changed, the external load change demand can be met, the rotating speed of the Stirling engine can be prevented from being changed frequently, and the service life of components is prevented from being influenced.
The semiconductor temperature difference power generation system utilizes the Seebeck effect, utilizes temperature difference to directly generate electromotive force in a semiconductor, and converts heat energy into electric energy. The invention brings the following benefits:
(1) according to the Stirling engine system for coupling the temperature difference power generation, two power generation modes are combined, three operation modes can be switched according to different load requirements, and the adaptability and flexibility of variable working conditions are improved;
(2) the system can also improve the response speed of the system to the load change and enhance the flexibility of the system by changing the output power of the thermoelectric power generation system under the condition that the external load requirement changes frequently;
(3) the system is suitable for a small reactor heat source, has the advantage of compact structure, can be used as a miniaturized mobile power supply of kilowatt level or more in various occasions to supply power to a local power grid in a remote area, and meets the requirement of frequently-changed load.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Stirling engine system coupled to thermal thermoelectric power generation.
In the figure: the system comprises a small reactor heat source 1, a circulating pump 2, a flow dividing valve 3, a Stirling engine 4, a generator 5, a collecting three-way valve 6, a temperature difference power generation system 7 and a storage battery 8.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment of the present invention will be described, wherein a stirling engine system for coupling thermoelectric power generation according to the present embodiment includes: the system comprises a small reactor heat source 1, a circulating pump 2, a separating valve 3, a Stirling engine 4, a generator 5, a collecting three-way valve 6, a thermoelectric power generation system 7 and a storage battery 8.
The entry end of circulating pump 2 is connected to the exit end of small-size reactor heat source 1, the entry of 2 exit ends of circulating pump and flow divider 3 links to each other, flow divider 3 will get into the high temperature working medium of thermoelectric generation system 7 and shunt out, and export 3.2 from the second of flow divider 3 and carry to the entry end of 7 high temperature sides of thermoelectric generation system, the exit end of 7 high temperature sides of thermoelectric generation system is connected and is assembled the second entry 6.2 of three-way valve 6, the low temperature side of thermoelectric generation system 7 lets in the cooling water cooling, the cooling water flow is opposite with high temperature working medium, at the inside difference in temperature and the production current that forms of 7 thermoelectric generation systems, the electric energy of production is stored in battery.
The first outlet 3.1 of the flow divider 3 is connected with the inlet end of the high-temperature side of the Stirling engine 4, the outlet end of the high-temperature side of the Stirling engine 4 is connected with the first inlet 6.1 of the collecting three-way valve 6, the cold end of the Stirling engine 4 is introduced with cooling water for cooling, the power output by the Stirling engine 4 drives the generator 5 to generate electric energy, and the outlet of the collecting three-way valve 6 is connected with the inlet end of the heat source 1 of the.
According to the Stirling engine system coupled with the thermoelectric power generation, the flow distribution of the high-temperature working medium between the Stirling engine and the thermoelectric power generation system is changed through the flow dividing valve 3, and the system can start different operation modes under different load requirements. The system can operate in three operating modes: under the condition of low external load demand or no load demand, the Stirling engine 4 and the generator 5 are stopped, a small amount of circulating working medium is heated by using the small reactor heat source 1, and the working medium is introduced into the temperature difference power generation system 7 and outputs a small amount of electric energy to be directly used or stored in a storage battery; secondly, under the conditions of high external load demand and stable load, the Stirling engine 4 is started alone to drive the generator 8 to generate electricity; and thirdly, when the external load demand is unstable, in order to meet the external load demand which changes frequently, the Stirling power generation system and the temperature difference power generation system 7 are started to generate power, when the load demand changes, the flow of the working medium flowing into the temperature difference power generation system 7 is changed by changing the opening degree of the second outlet 3.2 of the flow dividing valve 3, the flow of the working medium entering the Stirling engine 4 is kept unchanged, the external load gap is filled by utilizing the quick response characteristic of the temperature difference power generation system 7, and the quick change of the output power of the system is realized.
The system flexibly switches three operation modes of temperature difference power generation and the generation of the generator driven by the Stirling engine, and realizes the self-adaption and flexible operation of the system under all working conditions. Under the condition of low load demand, the system operates in an operation mode (I), the flow divider valve 3 only opens the second outlet 3.2, and the high-temperature working medium is controlled to flow into the temperature difference power generation system 7 for power generation; when the load demand rises and the output power of the thermoelectric power generation system cannot meet the external demand, a first outlet 3.1 of a flow divider 3 is opened to control a high-temperature working medium to flow into a Stirling engine 4 to drive a generator 5 to generate power; when the external load requirement is stable, the second outlet 3.2 of the flow divider 3 is gradually closed, the first outlet 3.1 of the flow divider 3 is opened, the flow of the working medium flowing into the thermoelectric power generation system 7 is transferred to the circulation loop where the Stirling engine 4 is located, and the system can be maintained in the operation mode (II), so that the generator 5 bears the external stable load. And (3) partially opening the opening degree of the second outlet 3.2 of the flow dividing valve 33 to maintain the operation of the thermoelectric power generation system 7, wherein the system is in the operation mode (III). At the moment, the flow of the first outlet 3.1 of the flow divider 3 is kept unchanged, the output power of the Stirling engine 4 is kept stable, the generator 5 bears most of basic load, and the temperature difference power generation system 7 bears less load; when the external load demand is changed rapidly in a small range, the output power of the thermoelectric generation system 7 can be changed rapidly by changing the opening degree of the second outlet 3.2 of the flow dividing valve 3, so that the thermoelectric generation system 7 bears the rapid change part of the external load, the output power of the Stirling engine 4 is kept unchanged, the operation flexibility of the system is improved when the load is changed, the external load change demand can be met, the rotating speed of the Stirling engine can be prevented from being changed frequently, and the service life of components is prevented from being influenced.
Claims (1)
1. A running method of a Stirling engine system for coupling thermoelectric power generation comprises a small reactor heat source (1), a circulating pump (2), a flow dividing valve (3), a Stirling engine (4), a power generator (5), a collecting three-way valve (6), a thermoelectric power generation system (7) and a storage battery (8);
the outlet end of a small reactor heat source (1) is connected with the inlet end of a circulating pump (2), the outlet end of the circulating pump (2) is connected with the inlet of a flow dividing valve (3), the flow dividing valve (3) divides a high-temperature working medium entering a temperature difference power generation system (7) and transmits the high-temperature working medium to the inlet end of the high-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation system (7) from a second outlet (3.2) of the flow dividing valve (3), the outlet end of the high-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation system (7) is connected with a second inlet (6.2) of a collecting three-way valve (6), the low-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation system (7) is filled with cooling water for cooling, the cooling water flows in a direction opposite to the flow direction of the high-temperature working medium, temperature difference is;
a first outlet (3.1) of the flow divider (3) is connected with an inlet end of a high-temperature side of the Stirling engine (4), an outlet end of the high-temperature side of the Stirling engine (4) is connected with a first inlet (6.1) of the three-way collecting valve (6), cooling water is introduced into a low-temperature side of the Stirling engine (4) for cooling, the Stirling engine (4) outputs power to drive a generator (5) to generate power, and an outlet of the three-way collecting valve (6) is connected with an inlet end of a heat source (1) of the;
the thermoelectric power generation system (7) adopts a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation system, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation system utilizes the Seebeck effect and utilizes the temperature difference to directly generate electromotive force in a semiconductor, so that heat energy is converted into electric energy, and the thermoelectric power generation system has the advantage of quick response;
the method is characterized in that: the operation method of the Stirling engine system for coupling the thermoelectric power generation has three operation modes: under the condition of low or no external load demand, a Stirling engine (4) and a generator (5) are stopped, a small amount of circulating working medium is heated by a small reactor heat source (1), and the circulating working medium is introduced into a temperature difference power generation system (7) and outputs a small amount of electric energy to be directly used or stored in a storage battery (8); secondly, under the conditions of high external load demand and stable load, the Stirling engine (4) is independently started to drive the generator (8) to generate electricity; when the external load demand is unstable, in order to meet the external load demand which fluctuates frequently, the Stirling power generation system and the temperature difference power generation system (7) are started to generate power, when the load demand changes, the flow of the working medium flowing into the temperature difference power generation system (7) is changed by changing the opening degree of the second outlet (3.2) of the flow dividing valve (3), the flow of the working medium entering the Stirling engine (4) is kept unchanged, the quick response characteristic of the temperature difference power generation system (7) is utilized to realize the quick change of the output power of the system, and the fluctuating external load demand is met;
the generator is driven to generate electricity through the temperature difference electricity generation and the Stirling engine, the three operation modes are flexibly switched, and the system can adaptively and flexibly operate under all working conditions; under the condition of low load demand, the system operates in an operation mode I, the flow dividing valve (3) only opens the second outlet (3.2) and controls the high-temperature working medium to flow into the temperature difference power generation system (7) for power generation; when the load demand rises and the output power of the thermoelectric power generation system cannot meet the external demand, a first outlet (3.1) of a flow divider valve (3) is opened to control a high-temperature working medium to flow into a Stirling engine (4) to drive a generator (5) to generate electricity; when the external load requirement is stable, gradually closing the second outlet (3.2) of the flow divider valve (3), opening the first outlet (3.1) of the flow divider valve (3), transferring the working medium flow flowing into the thermoelectric power generation system (7) to a circulation loop where the Stirling engine (4) is located, and maintaining the system in the operation mode II to enable the generator (5) to bear the external stable load; partially opening the opening degree of a second outlet (3.2) of the flow divider valve (3) to maintain the operation of the thermoelectric power generation system (7), wherein the system is in a third operation mode; at the moment, the flow of the first outlet (3.1) of the flow divider is kept unchanged, the output power of the Stirling engine (4) is kept stable, the generator (5) bears most of basic load, and the temperature difference power generation system (7) bears less of load; when the external load demand is changed rapidly in a small range, the flow is adjusted by changing the opening degree of the second outlet (3.2) of the flow dividing valve (3), the output power of the temperature difference power generation system (7) is changed rapidly, so that the temperature difference power generation system (7) bears the rapid change part of the external load, the output power of the Stirling engine (4) is kept unchanged, the operation flexibility of the system is improved when the load is changed, the external load change requirement can be met, the frequent change of the rotating speed of the Stirling engine can be avoided, and the service life of components is influenced.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102182583A (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2011-09-14 | 北京理工大学 | Combined-type residual heat recovery system suitable for internal combustion engine |
| CN110284949A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-27 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of automobile with exhaust heat stepped power generator |
| CN111403059A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-07-10 | 西安交通大学 | Multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7877999B2 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2011-02-01 | Cool Energy, Inc. | Power generation and space conditioning using a thermodynamic engine driven through environmental heating and cooling |
| US20110049908A1 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-03 | Chung Randall M | Systems and Methods for Providing Multi-Purpose Renewable Energy Storage and Release |
| WO2013125003A1 (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-29 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Energy extraction apparatus, and energy extraction method |
| US9391254B2 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2016-07-12 | Daniel Lessard | Electric power generation |
| CN104500264B (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-04-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of open-close formula Stirling heat to power output mechanism |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102182583A (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2011-09-14 | 北京理工大学 | Combined-type residual heat recovery system suitable for internal combustion engine |
| CN110284949A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-27 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of automobile with exhaust heat stepped power generator |
| CN111403059A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-07-10 | 西安交通大学 | Multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply |
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