CN111403059A - Multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply - Google Patents
Multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111403059A CN111403059A CN202010209966.1A CN202010209966A CN111403059A CN 111403059 A CN111403059 A CN 111403059A CN 202010209966 A CN202010209966 A CN 202010209966A CN 111403059 A CN111403059 A CN 111403059A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- thermoelectric conversion
- heat pipe
- power supply
- heat exchanger
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D7/00—Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions
- G21D7/04—Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions using thermoelectric elements or thermoionic converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply, wherein one end of a plurality of heat pipes is inserted into a heat pipe reactor core, the other end of the plurality of heat pipes penetrates through a shielding body and is inserted into a heat exchanger, parts of the plurality of heat pipes inserted into the heat pipe reactor core are covered with a thermionic converter, the hot end of a Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with the heat exchanger, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with a water-cooling jacket, and finally waste heat is transmitted into cooling water in; the heat generated by fission of the nuclear fuel is conducted to the thermionic converter by the reactor core of the heat pipe reactor, and then is guided into the heat exchanger by the heat pipe, and the thermionic converter forms temperature difference inside and outside and generates electric energy by static acting; the heat exchanger uniformly transfers heat to the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is cooled by the water-cooling jacket, the heat exchanger and the water-cooling jacket form temperature difference at two ends of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device, and dynamic work is performed to generate electric energy; the dual modes of static and dynamic thermoelectric conversion are adopted, so that the reliability of the power supply is improved, the output power of the power supply is increased, and the power supply can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactor design, in particular to a multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply
Background
With the development of space exploration, aerospace equipment systems put great demands on space nuclear reactor power supplies, and reliable and safe space nuclear reactor power supplies are the main direction of future space exploration.
At present, a space nuclear reactor power supply is designed by single static or dynamic conversion, the static conversion efficiency is low, the mass ratio power is high, and the future aerospace requirements are difficult to meet; the dynamic conversion device has high conversion efficiency, but is easy to lose efficacy after long-time operation in a severe space environment due to the moving parts.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-purpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply which can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-purpose double-conversion-mode nuclear reactor power supply comprises a heat pipe reactor core 1, a thermionic converter 2, a plurality of heat pipes 3, a radiation shield 4, a heat exchanger 5, a Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6 and a water cooling jacket 7; one end of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 is inserted into the heat pipe reactor core 1, the other end of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 penetrates through the shielding body 4 and is inserted into the heat exchanger 5, the part of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 inserted into the heat pipe reactor core 1 is covered with the thermionic converter 2, namely, the heat pipe reactor core 1 and the heat pipe 3 are separated by the thermionic converter 2, the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6 is connected with the heat exchanger 5, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with the water-cooling jacket 7, and the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device; the heat generated by fission of the nuclear fuel is conducted to the thermionic converter 2 from the reactor core 1 of the heat pipe reactor, and then is led into the heat exchanger 5 by the heat pipe 3, so that the temperature difference is formed inside and outside the thermionic converter 2, and the heat is statically applied to generate electric energy; the heat exchanger 5 uniformly transfers heat to the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is cooled by the water-cooling jacket 7, the heat exchanger 5 and the water-cooling jacket 7 form temperature difference at two ends of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, and dynamic work is performed to generate electric energy; the dual modes of static thermoelectric conversion and dynamic thermoelectric conversion are adopted, so that the reliability of the power supply is improved, the output power of the power supply is increased, and the power supply can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.
The working medium in the heat pipe 3 is alkali metal.
The heat exchanger 5 is made of high-thermal-conductivity metal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the nuclear power supply nuclear fuel of the traditional thermionic space nuclear reactor is positioned in the thermionic converter, the liquid metal is adopted for cooling the thermionic converter, the structure is complex, the safety is low, the problems of coolant leakage and single-point failure are easily caused, the advantages of the heat pipe stack are utilized, the nuclear fuel is placed outside the thermionic converter, the heat pipe for cooling is placed inside the thermionic converter, the structure is simpler, the problem of single-point failure is avoided due to the adoption of the heat pipe as the cooling medium, and the reliability of the power supply is improved.
The invention utilizes the characteristic of high working temperature of the thermionic converter (the working temperature of the hot end is 2000K, the working temperature of the cold end is 1000K), adds the second-stage dynamic converter (the Stirling converter) after the first-stage static converter (the thermionic converter) (the conversion efficiency is 25 percent), solves the defect of low pure thermionic conversion efficiency (less than 7 percent) and improves the conversion efficiency of the power supply.
A heat exchanger 5 is added between the heat pipe 3 and the stirling converter 6. According to the invention, under the condition that the thermionic converter 2 and the heat pipe 3 are invalid, the Stirling converter 6 is not lost, and the temperature of the heat pipe 3 can be controlled by controlling the power of the reactor, so that the temperature of the heat exchanger 5 can be readjusted to achieve the optimal output power.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a power supply structure diagram of a nuclear reactor with a dynamic and static conversion space.
In the figure: 1-heat pipe reactor core; 2-a thermionic converter; 3-a heat pipe; 4-a shield; 5-a heat exchanger; 6-stirling thermoelectric conversion devices; 7-Water-cooled jacket.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, its operating principles will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a multi-purpose dual conversion mode nuclear reactor power supply includes a heat pipe reactor core 1, a thermionic converter 2, a plurality of heat pipes 3, a radiation shield 4, a heat exchanger 5, a stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, and a water-cooling jacket 7; one end of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 is inserted into the heat pipe reactor core 1, the other end of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 penetrates through the shielding body 4 and is inserted into the heat exchanger 5, the part of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 inserted into the heat pipe reactor core 1 is covered with the thermionic converter 2, namely, the heat pipe reactor core 1 and the heat pipe 3 are separated by the thermionic converter 2, the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6 is connected with the heat exchanger 5, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with the water-cooling jacket 7, and the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device; the heat generated by fission of the nuclear fuel is conducted to the thermionic converter 2 from the reactor core 1 of the heat pipe reactor, and then is led into the heat exchanger 5 by the heat pipe 3, so that the temperature difference is formed inside and outside the thermionic converter 2, and the heat is statically applied to generate electric energy; the heat exchanger 5 uniformly transfers heat to the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is cooled by the water-cooling jacket 7, the heat exchanger 5 and the water-cooling jacket 7 form temperature difference at two ends of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, and dynamic work is performed to generate electric energy; the dual modes of static thermoelectric conversion and dynamic thermoelectric conversion are adopted, so that the reliability of the power supply is improved, the output power of the power supply is increased, and the power supply can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermionic converter 2 is located between the heat pipe stack core 1 and the heat pipes 3, and the heat pipe stack core and the heat pipes are used for cooling, so as to avoid the problem of single-point failure of the power supply.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the working medium in the heat pipe 3 is alkali metal, which can meet the working temperature of the heat pipe 3. .
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger 5 is made of a high thermal conductivity metal, and transfers the heat of the heat pipe 3 to the hot end of the stirling converter uniformly, so that when a failure problem occurs in the thermionic converter 2 or the heat pipe 3, a failure of one stirling converter is not caused, and the output power of the power supply is reduced.
Claims (3)
1. A multipurpose double-conversion-mode nuclear reactor power supply is characterized by comprising a heat pipe reactor core (1), a thermionic converter (2), a plurality of heat pipes (3), a radiation shield (4), a heat exchanger (5), a Stirling thermoelectric conversion device (6) and a water cooling jacket (7); one end of each heat pipe (3) is inserted into the heat pipe reactor core (1), the other end of each heat pipe (3) penetrates through the shielding body (4) and is inserted into the heat exchanger (5), the part of each heat pipe (3) inserted into the heat pipe reactor core (1) is wrapped with the thermionic converter (2), namely, the heat pipe reactor core (1) and the heat pipe (3) are separated through the thermionic converter (2), the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device (6) is connected with the heat exchanger (5), the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with the water-cooling jacket (7), cooling is carried out through cooling water in the water-cooling jacket (7), and finally waste heat is; the heat generated by fission of the nuclear fuel is conducted to the thermionic converter (2) by the reactor core (1) of the heat pipe reactor, and then is guided into the heat exchanger (5) by the heat pipe (3), so that the thermionic converter (2) forms temperature difference between the inside and the outside, and generates electric energy by static acting; the heat exchanger (5) uniformly transfers heat to the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device (6), the cold end is cooled by the water-cooling jacket (7), the heat exchanger (5) and the water-cooling jacket (7) form temperature difference at the two ends of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device (6), and dynamic work is performed to generate electric energy; the dual modes of static thermoelectric conversion and dynamic thermoelectric conversion are adopted, so that the reliability of the power supply is improved, the output power of the power supply is increased, and the power supply can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.
2. A multi-purpose dual mode nuclear reactor power supply as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the working fluid in the heat pipe (3) is an alkali metal.
3. A multi-purpose dual mode nuclear reactor power supply as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger (5) material is a high thermal conductivity metal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010209966.1A CN111403059A (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2020-03-23 | Multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010209966.1A CN111403059A (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2020-03-23 | Multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply |
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| CN111403059A true CN111403059A (en) | 2020-07-10 |
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| CN202010209966.1A Pending CN111403059A (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2020-03-23 | Multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111828195A (en) * | 2020-07-18 | 2020-10-27 | 西安交通大学 | Stirling engine system coupled with thermoelectric power generation and operation method |
| CN112943477A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Novel compact space nuclear reactor power supply |
| CN113096844A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Novel thermionic nuclear reactor power supply |
| CN113567879A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-29 | 西安交通大学 | Dynamic and static conversion small nuclear power supply experimental device |
| CN113669174A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-19 | 西安交通大学 | Multipurpose heat pipe pile prototype model machine |
| CN113776869A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Non-nuclear on-orbit verification method for space nuclear power platform |
| CN114121315A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | Heat management system for cooling reactor by pulsating heat pipe |
| WO2022248418A1 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-12-01 | Soletanche Freyssinet S.A.S. | Thermal power reactor |
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2020
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111828195A (en) * | 2020-07-18 | 2020-10-27 | 西安交通大学 | Stirling engine system coupled with thermoelectric power generation and operation method |
| CN111828195B (en) * | 2020-07-18 | 2021-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Stirling engine system coupled with thermoelectric power generation and operation method |
| CN112943477A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Novel compact space nuclear reactor power supply |
| CN113096844A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Novel thermionic nuclear reactor power supply |
| CN113096844B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2023-02-03 | 西安交通大学 | Novel thermionic nuclear reactor power supply |
| WO2022248418A1 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-12-01 | Soletanche Freyssinet S.A.S. | Thermal power reactor |
| CN113567879A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-29 | 西安交通大学 | Dynamic and static conversion small nuclear power supply experimental device |
| CN113567879B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2022-05-06 | 西安交通大学 | Dynamic and static conversion small nuclear power supply experimental device |
| CN113669174A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-19 | 西安交通大学 | Multipurpose heat pipe pile prototype model machine |
| CN113776869A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Non-nuclear on-orbit verification method for space nuclear power platform |
| CN114121315A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | Heat management system for cooling reactor by pulsating heat pipe |
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