CN111827910B - Experimental device and experimental method for exploring formation of detritus bed in horizontal well drilling - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for exploring formation of detritus bed in horizontal well drilling Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 25
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
An experimental device for exploring formation of a detritus bed in horizontal well drilling comprises a simulation shaft, a detritus feeding tank and a drilling fluid stirring tank; the simulation shaft comprises a vertical section, an inclined section and a horizontal section, wherein the vertical section is connected with the horizontal section through the inclined section; the drill rod penetrates through the liquid outlet device and is arranged in the simulated shaft, and the part of the drill rod in the vertical section is connected with the part of the drill rod in the horizontal section through an umbrella-shaped gear arranged in the deflecting section; one end of the horizontal section is respectively provided with a rotating shaft and a liquid inlet device; the liquid inlet device is communicated with the inside of the simulation shaft and is connected with the drilling fluid stirring tank through a liquid inlet pipeline, and the drilling fluid stirring tank is connected with the liquid inlet device and the simulation shaft through the liquid inlet pipeline; the drilling fluid stirring tank is connected with a liquid outlet device through a liquid return pipeline; the inclination of the simulated shaft can be adjusted at will, and the state of the horizontal well can be accurately simulated according to the experimental requirements, so that the structural distribution of the experimental drill rod in the simulated shaft is similar to that of the drill rod in actual underground construction, and an accurate cuttings bed evaluation result is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling experiment simulation, and particularly relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for exploring formation of a detritus bed in horizontal well drilling.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of petroleum exploration and development technology and drilling technology, the drilling depth is deeper and deeper, on the other hand, in order to improve economic and technical benefits, the drilled oil and gas wells are more and more large-inclination large-displacement directional wells and horizontal wells, a plurality of oil and gas reservoirs can be covered, and one well can be used for multiple production. One of the major technical difficulties faced by the horizontal well is that cuttings are difficult to carry and are easy to accumulate to form a cuttings bed, and the drilling efficiency is greatly reduced, so that it is necessary to evaluate and research the problems in the aspects of cuttings bed characteristics, formation reasons of cuttings beds and the like in the drilling process of the horizontal well.
Chinese patent CN109209337A discloses a horizontal well drilling lubricity experiment device and an experiment method considering a detritus bed, the device uses a horizontally arranged simulated shaft to simulate a horizontal well, drilling fluid circulation is formed between the simulated shaft and a mud trough and a liquid pipeline, a driving mechanism and a rotating mechanism are arranged outside the horizontal well to drive a horizontal drill rod to move in the simulated shaft, and a hydraulic pump is used for adjusting the inclination of the simulated shaft, so that the effect of measuring the drilling fluid lubrication coefficient between the drill rod and rocks, mud cakes and the detritus bed is achieved.
However, the above-mentioned patent relates to the study of the problem that the device is mainly used for the influence of the formation bed formed during drilling on the operation of the drill rod, and the cause of the formation bed is not investigated. Therefore, an experimental device which can be fitted to the production process of the detritus bed in the large-displacement drilling well under the actual condition as much as possible is needed, and the formation reason of the detritus bed in the horizontal well drilling well is analyzed and researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an experimental device and an experimental method for exploring formation of a rock debris bed in horizontal well drilling, which can effectively simulate formation of the rock debris bed in an actual horizontal well drilling construction state and realize research on the formation reason of the rock debris bed in the horizontal well under the condition of comprehensively considering related factors such as the rotation speed of a drill rod, the simulation of the inclination angle of a wellbore, the discharge amount of drilling fluid, the size and the shape of rock debris particles, and the unit time entry amount of the rock debris particles.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an experimental device for exploring formation of a detritus bed in horizontal well drilling comprises a rotary driving mechanism, a simulation shaft, a high-pressure pump A, a detritus feeding tank, a drilling fluid stirring tank and a calculation display unit; the simulation shaft comprises a vertical section, an inclined section and a horizontal section, wherein the vertical section is vertically arranged, the horizontal section is horizontally arranged, and the vertical section is connected with the horizontal section through the inclined section; the top of the vertical section is provided with a liquid outlet device which is communicated with the inside of the simulation shaft, a rotary driving mechanism is arranged above the vertical section, a drill rod is connected below the rotary driving mechanism, the drill rod penetrates through the liquid outlet device and is arranged in the simulation shaft, the part of the drill rod in the vertical section is connected with the part of the drill rod in the horizontal section through an umbrella-shaped gear arranged in the deflecting section, and a torque sensor is arranged on the drill rod outside the simulation shaft; the deflecting section consists of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipe, and the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipe is respectively connected with the vertical section and the horizontal section in a sealing way through a sealing rubber ring; a movable ultrasonic probe is arranged on the outer wall of the shaft of the horizontal section, and a rotating shaft and a liquid inlet device are respectively arranged at one end of the horizontal section; a movable hanger rail is arranged above the simulation shaft, a hydraulic cylinder is vertically hung on the movable hanger rail, a plunger of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the rotating shaft, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with an external hydraulic pump pipeline; the liquid inlet device is communicated with the inside of the simulation shaft and is connected with the drilling fluid stirring tank through a liquid inlet pipeline, and the rock debris feeding tank and the high-pressure pump A are sequentially arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline from the drilling fluid stirring tank to the liquid inlet device; the drilling fluid stirring tank is communicated with the liquid outlet device through a liquid return pipeline, and the liquid return pipeline is provided with a delivery pump A and a cooling and depressurizing device respectively. The calculation display unit is arranged outside the simulated shaft and is respectively and electrically connected with the torque sensor and the movable ultrasonic probe.
Furthermore, the vertical section and the horizontal section of the simulation shaft are made of temperature-resistant pressure-resistant transparent materials.
Further, the cooling and pressure reducing device comprises a stop valve, a throttle valve, an electric pressure reducing valve, a check valve, a cooling tank, a cooling pipe, a safety valve, a pressure gauge, a thermometer, a differential pressure transmitter B, a cooling liquid cooling tank, a high-pressure pump B, a delivery pump B and a controller, the stop valve, the throttle valve, the electric pressure reducing valve, the check valve, the cooling tank, the safety valve, the pressure gauge and the thermometer are respectively arranged on the liquid return pipeline, the cooling pipe connected with the liquid return pipeline is arranged in the cooling tank, the high-pressure pump B, the cooling liquid cooling tank and the delivery pump B are respectively arranged on the cooling circulation pipeline, the cooling circulation pipeline is communicated with a cavity for accommodating the cooling pipe inside the cooling tank, the measuring points of the differential pressure transmitter B are respectively arranged on the liquid return pipelines before the stop valve and after the thermometer, and the controller is respectively electrically connected with the electric pressure reducing valve and the differential pressure transmitter B.
Furthermore, a heating mechanism is arranged at one end of the horizontal section of the simulation shaft, the heating mechanism comprises an electric heating sleeve, a temperature sensor and a temperature controller, the electric heating sleeve is tightly attached to the outer wall of the horizontal section, the electric heating sleeve is respectively electrically connected with the temperature sensor and the temperature controller, and the temperature sensor and the temperature controller are respectively electrically connected with the calculation display unit.
Furthermore, flowmeters are respectively arranged on the liquid return pipeline and the liquid inlet pipeline; the liquid inlet pipeline is also provided with a pressure sensor; the flowmeter and the pressure sensor are respectively electrically connected with a calculation display unit.
Furthermore, a rock debris recovery sieve is arranged at the joint of the drilling fluid stirring tank and the liquid return pipeline.
Furthermore, a differential pressure transmitter A is arranged outside the simulation shaft, a probe of the differential pressure transmitter A penetrates through the outer walls of the shaft of the horizontal section and the vertical section respectively and extends into the simulation shaft, and the differential pressure transmitter A is electrically connected with the calculation display unit.
Furthermore, circulation holes are formed in the bottom surface of the liquid outlet device and distributed annularly along the edge of the bottom surface, a liquid return pipeline is arranged on the side surface of the liquid outlet device, and a sealing gasket is arranged at the contact position of the top surface and the drill rod; the bottom surface of the liquid inlet device is provided with circulation holes which are distributed annularly along the edge of the bottom surface, and a sealing gasket is arranged at the contact part of the top surface of the liquid inlet device and the liquid inlet pipeline.
Furthermore, the horizontal section of the simulated shaft can change the inclination in a stepless way, and the change angle is 0-90 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
1. the deviation-making section of the simulation shaft is a temperature-resistant pressure-resistant rubber pipe, so that the inclination of the horizontal section can be adjusted at will under the combined action of the hydraulic cylinder and the deviation-making section, the state of the horizontal well is accurately simulated according to the experimental requirement, the structural distribution of the experimental drill rod in the simulation shaft can be kept highly similar to the structural distribution of the actual drill rod in underground construction, and the accurate evaluation result of the formation of the rock debris bed is obtained under the condition of the device.
2. The two ends of the simulated shaft are respectively provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the drilling fluid enters the simulated shaft in an annular inflow mode through the liquid inlet, so that the drilling fluid more conforms to the flowing of the drilling fluid in an annular space in the shaft in the actual working condition; the drilling fluid sequentially passes through the horizontal section, the deflecting section and the vertical section of the simulated shaft, and finally enters the fluid return pipeline in an annular outflow mode at the annular fluid inlet and outlet at the tail end of the vertical section, so that the dynamic circulation of the drilling fluid in the drilling process of the horizontal well is better met.
3. Through the valve size of control detritus pay-off mouth, the volume that steerable detritus got into the simulation pit shaft in unit interval reaches the purpose of the detritus volume that drilling fluid can carry in the quantitative control pit shaft to in can simulating operating condition better, the condition of the produced different detritus volume when the drill bit rotary drilling.
4. The thickness of the detritus bed at different positions is measured by the movable ultrasonic probe, and the formation of the detritus bed can be deeply and effectively explored.
5. Under the combined action of the circulation of the drilling fluid and the drill rod, the experiment can also simulate the movement process of rock debris particles after the formation of a rock debris bed, so that the movement form of the rock debris particles after the formation of the rock debris bed can be known.
6. The device establishes an evaluation method of drilling speed of a drill rod, discharge capacity of drilling fluid, rock debris particles and unit quantity-rock debris bed-formation factors, utilizes the drill rod rotation speed, the drilling fluid formula, the discharge capacity of the drilling fluid and the well inclination angle which are most easily obtained in site construction as main indexes for evaluating formation of the rock debris bed, and can reflect the formation of the rock debris bed and the relation between the formation of the rock debris bed and the rock debris bed according to the change conditions of the drill rod speed, the discharge capacity of the drilling fluid, the particle size of the rock debris and the entry quantity of the unit time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the cooling and depressurizing device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the liquid outlet device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the liquid inlet device of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 a rotary driving mechanism, 2 a torque sensor, 3 drill rods, 4 liquid outlet devices, 5 sealing rubber rings, 6 high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipes, 7 bevel gears, 8 liquid inlet devices, 9 simulation shafts, 10 rotating shafts, 11 electric heating sleeves, 12 temperature sensors, 13 temperature control instruments, 14 hydraulic cylinders, 15 liquid inlet pipelines, 16 pressure sensors, 17 flow meters, 18 high-pressure pumps A, 19 rock debris feeding tanks, 20 drilling fluid stirring tanks, 21 rock debris recovery sieves, 22 delivery pumps A, 23 liquid return pipelines, 24 movable ultrasonic probes, 25 differential pressure transmitters A, 26 temperature and pressure reduction devices, 27 a calculation display unit, 28 circulation holes and 29 sealing gaskets are arranged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it may not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1 to 4, an experimental apparatus for exploring formation of a cutting bed in drilling of a horizontal well is provided, in which a simulated shaft 9 includes a vertical section, an inclined section and a horizontal section, the vertical section is vertically arranged, the horizontal section is horizontally arranged, and the vertical section and the horizontal section are connected through the inclined section, so that the height of the formed simulated shaft 9 is similar to that of a shaft in actual construction;
the top of the vertical section is provided with a liquid outlet device 4, the liquid outlet device 4 is communicated with the inside of a simulation shaft 9, a rotary driving mechanism 1 is arranged above the vertical section, a drill rod 3 is connected below the rotary driving mechanism 1, the drill rod 3 penetrates through the liquid outlet device 4 and is arranged in the simulation shaft 9 to form the drill rod 3 with a bending part, the part of the drill rod 3 in the vertical section is connected with the part of the drill rod 3 in the horizontal section through an umbrella-shaped gear 7 arranged in an inclined section, the drill rod 3 outside the simulation shaft 9 is provided with a torque sensor 2, the arrangement of the umbrella-shaped gear 7 enables the drill rod 3 in the inclined section to realize transmission, the power generated by the rotary driving mechanism 1 is smoothly transmitted to the part of the drill rod 3 in the horizontal section, the normal rotation of the drill rod 3 in the whole bent simulation shaft 9 is ensured, and the torque sensor 2 monitors the power provided by the rotary driving mechanism 1 in a torque mode, the rotating speed of the drill rod 3 is convenient to control, and because the generation of the rock debris bed needs to be under the rotating drilling working condition, in actual construction, the traveling speed of the drill rod in the horizontal direction is far less than the fluid speed, and the drill rod is kept static relative to the fluid, the displacement of the drill rod in the horizontal direction can be not considered in experimental research, so that the design of the rotary driving mechanism 1 for driving the drill rod 3 can be well used for simulating the formation of the rock debris bed under the actual working condition;
the deflecting section consists of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipe 6, and the deflecting section is provided with the capabilities of bending, stretching and bearing high-temperature and high-pressure drilling fluid, so that the rotary drilling working conditions of different simulated well angles are met, the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipe 6 is respectively in sealing connection with the vertical section and the horizontal section through a sealing rubber ring 5, the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipe 6 and the simulated shaft 9 are respectively tightly hooped by the sealing rubber ring 5 in the embodiment, and sealing connection is formed by using a sealant;
a movable ultrasonic probe 24 is arranged on the outer wall of the shaft of the horizontal section so as to monitor the thickness of rock debris at different positions in the horizontal direction of the simulated shaft 9; one end of the horizontal section is respectively provided with a rotating shaft 10 and a liquid inlet device 8, the rotating shaft 10 and the liquid inlet device 8 are both arranged on the horizontal section and positioned on one side of the horizontal section, which is contacted with the deflecting section, the rotating shaft 10 is directly arranged on the wall of the well bore and is close to the end part of the horizontal section, and the liquid inlet device 8 is arranged at the end part of the horizontal section;
a movable hanger rail is arranged above the simulation shaft 9, a hydraulic cylinder 14 is vertically hung on the movable hanger rail, a plunger of the hydraulic cylinder 14 is hinged with a rotating shaft 10, the hydraulic cylinder 14 is connected with an external hydraulic pump pipeline, the hydraulic cylinder 14 slides on the movable hanger rail to determine the position in the horizontal direction, and the external hydraulic pump can control the vertical position of the plunger of the hydraulic cylinder 14, so that the rotating shaft 10 hinged with the plunger rotates in an arc line by taking one point on an inclined section as the center of a circle and drives the horizontal section to steplessly change the inclination angle in the range of 0-90 degrees, thereby realizing the purpose of adjusting the angle of the horizontal section;
the liquid inlet device 8 is communicated with the inside of the simulation shaft 9 and is connected with the drilling fluid stirring tank 20 through a liquid inlet pipeline 15, the pipeline forms a liquid injection pipeline of the whole device, the drilling fluid is conveyed to the inside of the simulation shaft 9 through the liquid inlet pipeline 15 and the liquid inlet device 8, a stirrer in the drilling fluid stirring tank 20 is used for stirring the drilling fluid in real time, the drilling fluid injected into the simulation shaft 9 is guaranteed to be fully mixed, and uniform experimental performance is obtained; the rock debris feeding tank 19 and the high-pressure pump A18 are sequentially arranged on a liquid inlet pipeline 15 from the drilling fluid stirring tank 20 to the liquid inlet device 8, so that the high-pressure pump A18 can provide power for the input of drilling fluid, the pressure in the simulation shaft 9 can be adjusted by controlling the conveying power of the high-pressure pump A18, and when rock debris needs to be introduced into the simulation shaft 9, rock debris with different lithology, sizes and structures is added into the liquid inlet pipeline 15 from the rock debris feeding tank 19, the opening degree of a valve between the rock debris feeding tank 19 and the liquid inlet pipeline 15 is adjusted, and the rock debris feeding speed is changed;
the drilling fluid stirring tank 20 is communicated with the liquid outlet device 4 through a liquid return pipeline 23, the liquid return pipeline 23 is respectively provided with a conveying pump A22 and a cooling and pressure reducing device 26, so that the simulation shaft 9, the liquid inlet pipeline 15, the liquid return pipeline 23 and the drilling fluid stirring tank 20 form a closed drilling fluid circulation system, a large amount of simulation rock debris are accumulated in the simulation shaft 9 after multiple circulation, the flow rate of the drilling fluid flowing back through the liquid return pipeline 23 is reduced, the blockage of the liquid return pipeline 23 is easily caused, a group of conveying pumps A22 is additionally arranged to improve the circulation power of the drilling fluid, the temperature of the drilling fluid can be changed in an experiment, the influence of the high-temperature drilling fluid entering the drilling fluid stirring tank 20 on a subsequent experiment is avoided, and the group of cooling and pressure reducing devices 26 are also arranged on the liquid return pipeline 23 to ensure the smooth proceeding of the experiment.
The calculation display unit 27 is arranged outside the simulated shaft 9 and is used for forming a control and data collection terminal of each electronic component in the device, and the torque sensor 2 and the movable ultrasonic probe 24 are electrically connected with the calculation display unit 27.
The vertical section and the horizontal section of the simulation shaft 9 are made of temperature-resistant pressure-resistant transparent materials, so that the sealing performance of the simulation shaft under the action of the drilling fluid at high temperature and high pressure can be ensured.
The stop valve 2601, the throttle valve 2602, the electric pressure reducing valve 2603, the check valve 2604, the cooling tank 2605, the safety valve 2607, the pressure gauge 2608 and the thermometer 2609 are set separately on the liquid return pipeline 23, the cooling pipe 2606 connected to the liquid return pipeline 23 is set inside the cooling tank 2605, the high pressure pump B2612, the cooling liquid cooling tank 2611 and the delivery pump B2613 are set separately on the cooling circulating pipelines, the cooling circulating pipeline is communicated with the cavity inside the cooling tank 2605 for holding the cooling pipe 2606, the pressure difference transducer B2610 has measuring points set separately on the liquid return pipeline 23 before the stop valve 2601 and after the thermometer 2609, the controller 2614 is connected electrically to the electric pressure reducing valve 2603 and the pressure difference transducer B2610 separately, during drilling, drilling fluid flows back to the mud tank, and the temperature is lowered greatly, but the return distance of the device is short, and it cannot cool naturally and after passing through special cooling mechanism, the experiment accords with actual conditions more, therefore after each valve body and cooling tank 2605 in the liquid pipeline 23 that returns is passed through to high temperature drilling fluid, through throttle effect and heat exchange temperature decline, the cooling medium in cooling tank 2611 keeps the low temperature through cooling cycle pipeline, temperature gauge 2609 shows the temperature variation before and after the drilling fluid cooling, and pressure difference transmitter B2610 is used for monitoring the drilling fluid pressure variation before and after the cooling to with electronic relief valve 2603 together through controller 2614 control operation.
One end of the horizontal section of the simulated shaft 9 is provided with a heating mechanism, the heating mechanism comprises an electric heating sleeve 11, a temperature sensor 12 and a temperature controller 13, the electric heating sleeve 11 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the horizontal section, the electric heating sleeve 11 is respectively and electrically connected with the temperature sensor 12 and the temperature controller 13, the temperature sensor 12 and the temperature controller 13 are respectively and electrically connected with a calculation display unit 27, the electric heating sleeve 11 is used for heating the horizontal section, the heating process is monitored by the temperature sensor 12 and controlled by the connected calculation display unit 27, and the heating temperature of the electric heating sleeve is adjusted, so that the temperature in the simulated shaft 9 is controlled, and the high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the deep well drilling is simulated.
The liquid return pipeline 23 and the liquid inlet pipeline 15 are respectively provided with a flowmeter 17, the liquid inlet pipeline 15 is also provided with a pressure sensor 16, and the flowmeter 17 and the pressure sensor 16 are respectively electrically connected with a calculation display unit 27, so that the drilling fluid flow and the liquid inlet pressure of the drilling fluid in the liquid return pipeline 23 and the liquid inlet pipeline 15 are monitored.
And a rock debris recovery screen 21 is arranged at the joint of the drilling fluid stirring tank 20 and the liquid return pipeline 23 and is used for collecting rock debris brought into the liquid return pipeline 23 and ensuring the quality of the drilling fluid in the circulating process.
The simulation shaft 9 is externally provided with a differential pressure transmitter A25 for monitoring the pressure change of the drilling fluid in the circulation process after the formation of rock debris, the probes of the differential pressure transmitter A25 penetrate through the outer walls of the shaft of the horizontal section and the vertical section respectively and extend into the simulation shaft 9, and the differential pressure transmitter A25 is electrically connected with the calculation display unit 27.
The bottom surface of the liquid outlet device 4 is provided with circulation holes 28, the circulation holes 28 are annularly distributed along the edge of the bottom surface so as to better receive circulation flowing around the drill rod 3, the side surface of the liquid outlet device 4 is provided with a liquid return pipeline 23, drilling liquid received by the circulation holes 28 enters the liquid return pipeline 23, and the contact part of the top surface and the drill rod is provided with a sealing gasket 29 so as to ensure that the drilling liquid and the pressure of the drill rod cannot leak out when the drill rod rotates in the simulated wellbore 9; the bottom surface of the liquid inlet device 8 is provided with circulation holes 28, the circulation holes 28 are annularly distributed along the edge of the bottom surface, so that drilling fluid enters the liquid inlet device from the liquid inlet pipeline 15 and enters the simulation shaft 9 through the circulation holes 28 annularly distributed along the edge of the bottom surface, circulation flowing around the drill rod 3 is formed, the flowing mode of the drilling fluid is closer to the flowing mode of the drilling fluid in actual construction, the accuracy of an experiment is improved, and a sealing gasket 29 is arranged at the contact position of the top surface of the liquid inlet device 8 and the liquid inlet pipeline 15 to prevent the drilling fluid and pressure from leaking through the contact position.
The specific implementation method of the embodiment is as follows:
the vertical section, the deflecting section and the horizontal section of the simulation shaft 9 are tightly bound and combined into a horizontal well model through a sealing rubber ring 5, then hydraulic oil is added into a hydraulic cylinder 14 through an external hydraulic pump, a plunger is pushed out downwards, the tail end of the horizontal section of the simulation shaft 9 descends, the well body of the horizontal section of the simulation shaft 9 begins to be inclined downwards, the oblique angle of the horizontal section changes, after the plunger stops moving, the hydraulic cylinder 14 is dragged to move horizontally on a movable hanger rail, and the plunger and the hydraulic cylinder 14 are repeatedly moved in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction until the oblique angle is adjusted to 60 degrees, so that a stable horizontal well structure is obtained.
And then fixing the angle positions of the vertical section and the horizontal section, disassembling the sealing rubber ring 5, taking down the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipe 6, adjusting the position of the drill rod 3 in the simulated shaft 9 to enable the structure and position distribution of the drill rod in the simulated shaft 9 to be as close as possible to the state of the drill rod in the horizontal well in actual construction, reusing the rubber sealing ring 5 to tightly hoop the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipe 6 to the horizontal section and the vertical section after adjustment, and applying temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant adhesive on the contact part, thereby forming the sealed and pressure-resistant simulated shaft 9.
The prepared drilling fluid system is added into the drilling fluid stirring tank 20 and is fully stirred, then the high-pressure pump A18 is opened, the drilling fluid is pressed into the liquid inlet pipeline 15, the power and the discharge capacity of the high-pressure pump A18 are adjusted, the indication number of the flow meter 17 on the calculation display unit 27 is 16L/min, and the indication number of the pressure sensor 16 on the calculation display unit 27 is 3.0 MPa.
The drilling fluid enters the horizontal section of the simulated shaft 9 in an annular flow state through the circulation hole 28 of the liquid inlet device 8, flows through the deflecting section and the vertical section, finally flows into the liquid return pipeline 23 from the liquid outlet device 4 at the tail end of the vertical section, and is cooled and depressurized through the cooling and depressurizing device 26, so that the temperature of the returned drilling fluid is reduced to room temperature, and the pressure is reduced to be near the normal pressure to avoid splashing. The flow meter 17 in the return line 23 also counts around 16L/min, indicating that the entire circulation system is not clogged.
And adjusting the temperature controller 13, heating the simulated shaft 9 through the electric heating jacket 11, setting the heating temperature to be 50 ℃, controlling the rotation driving mechanism 1 to start on the calculation display unit 27 after the temperature in the shaft is measured by the temperature sensor 12 to reach the preset temperature, and keeping the mechanical rotation speed of the rotation driving mechanism 1 to be 50 r/min.
Opening a valve of a funnel below the rock debris feeding tank 19, controlling the amount of rock debris falling into a liquid inlet pipeline in unit time according to experimental requirements, putting red glass balls with corresponding particle sizes into the rock debris feeding tank 19 in advance to serve as simulated rock debris, carrying the simulated rock debris into a horizontal section of the simulated shaft 9 by drilling fluid pushed by a high-pressure pump A18, enabling the drilling fluid to flow in an annular space between the simulated shaft 9 and the drill rod 3, enabling part of the simulated rock debris to be accumulated on the inner wall of the horizontal section after being in contact with the rotary drill rod 3, forming a rock debris bed after continuous testing for 15min, returning the other part of the simulated rock debris to the drilling fluid stirring tank 20 while drilling fluid and being collected by a rock debris recovery sieve 21, then measuring the thickness of the formed rock debris bed by using a movable ultrasonic probe 24, and then recording experimental data of various relevant factors displayed on the calculation display unit 27.
In order to explain the function of the device in the research experiment of formation factors of the rock debris layer in the drilling process, the device is utilized to research the relation between the formation of the rock debris layer and the factors under the experimental conditions of different drilling fluid flow rates, drill rod rotating speeds, rock debris particle sizes and rock debris entering amount in unit time;
during the experiment, the formula A is used for forming the drilling fluid;
the formula A is as follows: 3% soil slurry + 0.3% NaOH + 1% Redu1+ 1% Redu SH + 2% WN 2-1.
Discharge amount of drilling fluid:
under the condition that other parameters are not changed, the discharge volumes of the drilling fluid are respectively adjusted to be 16L/min and 22L/min, and experimental data and results are measured.
TABLE 1 detritus bed thickness at different drilling fluid displacement
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that increasing the discharge capacity of the drilling fluid can significantly improve the rock-carrying efficiency of the drilling fluid, so that the thickness of the detritus bed is reduced by 20.48%.
The rotation speed of the drill rod is as follows:
under the condition that other parameters are not changed, the rotating speed of the drill rod is respectively regulated to be 50r/min and 100r/min, and experimental data and results are measured.
TABLE 2 detritus bed thickness at different drill rod rotation speeds
From the data in table 2, it can be seen that increasing the drill rod rotation speed reduces the thickness of the rock debris bed, but the impact of the rotation speed on the rock debris formation is small, only 7.22%.
The particle size of the rock debris is as follows:
under the condition that other parameters are not changed, the particle sizes of the rock debris are changed to be 2.0mm and 3.0mm, and experimental data and results are measured.
TABLE 3 rock fragment bed thickness at different rock fragment particle sizes
From the data in table 3, it can be seen that the thickness of the rock debris bed formed by a certain amount of rock debris with larger particle size is rather thinner, the rock debris transportation efficiency is higher, and the thickness of the rock debris bed is reduced by 22.89%.
The entering amount of rock debris in unit time:
under the condition that other parameters are not changed, the rock debris entering amount per unit time is changed to be 3kg/min and 7kg/min, and experimental data and results are measured.
TABLE 4 detritus bed thickness at different detritus entry rates per unit time
From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that the amount of rock debris entering per unit time is small, the thickness of the rock debris bed is thinner, and the thickness of the rock debris bed is reduced by 33.73%.
Therefore, the device can be effectively applied to the research on the factors related to the formation of the rock debris bed.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the embodiments of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental device for exploring formation of a detritus bed in horizontal well drilling is characterized by comprising a rotary driving mechanism (1), a simulated wellbore (9), a high-pressure pump A (18), a detritus material conveying tank (19), a drilling fluid stirring tank (20) and a calculation display unit (27);
the simulation shaft (9) comprises a vertical section, an inclined section and a horizontal section, wherein the vertical section is vertically arranged, the horizontal section is horizontally arranged, and the vertical section is connected with the horizontal section through the inclined section;
the top of the vertical section is provided with a liquid outlet device (4), the liquid outlet device (4) is communicated with the inside of a simulation shaft (9), a rotary driving mechanism (1) is arranged above the vertical section, a drill rod (3) is connected below the rotary driving mechanism (1), the drill rod (3) penetrates through the liquid outlet device (4) and is arranged in the simulation shaft (9), the part of the drill rod (3) in the vertical section is connected with the part of the drill rod (3) in the horizontal section through an umbrella-shaped gear (7) arranged in an inclined section, and a torque sensor (2) is arranged on the drill rod (3) outside the simulation shaft (9);
the deflecting section consists of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipe (6), and the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber pipe (6) is respectively connected with the vertical section and the horizontal section in a sealing way through a sealing rubber ring (5);
a movable ultrasonic probe (24) is arranged on the outer wall of the shaft of the horizontal section, and a rotating shaft (10) and a liquid inlet device (8) are respectively arranged at one end of the horizontal section, which is far away from the vertical section;
a movable hanger rail is arranged above the simulation shaft (9), a hydraulic cylinder (14) is vertically hung on the movable hanger rail, a plunger of the hydraulic cylinder (14) is hinged with the rotating shaft (10), and the hydraulic cylinder (14) is connected with an external hydraulic pump pipeline;
the liquid inlet device (8) is communicated with the inside of the simulation shaft (9) and is connected with the drilling fluid stirring tank (20) through a liquid inlet pipeline (15), and the rock debris feeding tank (19) and the high-pressure pump A (18) are sequentially arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline (15) from the drilling fluid stirring tank (20) to the liquid inlet device (8);
the drilling fluid stirring tank (20) is communicated with the fluid outlet device (4) through a fluid return pipeline (23), the fluid return pipeline (23) is respectively provided with a delivery pump A (22) and a cooling and depressurizing device (26),
the calculation display unit (27) is arranged outside the simulated shaft (9) and is electrically connected with the torque sensor (2) and the movable ultrasonic probe (24) respectively.
2. The experimental device for exploring formation of the detritus bed in the drilling of the horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical section and the horizontal section of the simulation shaft (9) are made of temperature-resistant pressure-resistant transparent materials.
3. The experimental device for exploring formation of the detritus bed in the drilling of the horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling and pressure reducing device (26) comprises a stop valve (2601), a throttle valve (2602), an electric pressure reducing valve (2603), a check valve (2604), a cooling tank (2605), a cooling pipe (2606), a safety valve (2607), a pressure gauge (2608), a thermometer (2609), a pressure difference transmitter B (2610), the cooling liquid cooling tank (2611), a high-pressure pump B (2612), a delivery pump B (2613) and a controller (2614), wherein the stop valve (2601), the throttle valve (2602), the electric pressure reducing valve (2603), the check valve (2604), the cooling tank (2605), the safety valve (2607), the pressure gauge (2608) and the thermometer (2609) are respectively arranged on a liquid return pipeline (23), the cooling pipe (2606) connected to the liquid return pipeline (23) is arranged in the cooling tank (2605), and the high-pressure pump B (2612), the cooling liquid cooling tank (1) and the delivery pump B (3) are respectively arranged on a cooling circulation pipeline, the cooling circulation pipeline is communicated with a cavity, accommodating a cooling pipe (2606), in the cooling tank (2605), measuring points of the differential pressure transmitter B (2610) are respectively arranged on a liquid return pipeline (23) in front of the stop valve (2601) and behind the thermometer (2609), and the controller (2614) is respectively electrically connected with the electric pressure reducing valve (2603) and the differential pressure transmitter B (2610).
4. The experimental device for exploring formation of the detritus bed in the drilling of the horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the one end that vertical section was kept away from to the horizontal segment of simulation pit shaft (9) is provided with heating mechanism, heating mechanism includes electrical heating cover (11), temperature sensor (12), accuse temperature appearance (13), horizontal section outer wall is hugged closely in electrical heating cover (11), electrical heating cover (11) respectively with temperature sensor (12) with accuse temperature appearance (13) electricity is connected, and temperature sensor (12) and temperature controller (13) are connected with calculation display element (27) electricity respectively.
5. The experimental device for exploring formation of the detritus bed in the drilling of the horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid return pipeline (23) and the liquid inlet pipeline (15) are respectively provided with a flowmeter (17); a pressure sensor (16) is also arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline (15); the flowmeter (17) and the pressure sensor (16) are respectively electrically connected with a calculation display unit (27).
6. The experimental device for exploring formation of the detritus bed in the drilling of the horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: and a rock debris recovery sieve (21) is arranged at the joint of the drilling fluid stirring tank (20) and the liquid return pipeline (23).
7. The experimental device for exploring formation of the detritus bed in the drilling of the horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the simulation shaft (9) is externally provided with a differential pressure transmitter A (25), a probe of the differential pressure transmitter A (25) penetrates through the shaft outer walls of the horizontal section and the vertical section respectively to stretch into the simulation shaft (9), and the differential pressure transmitter A (25) is electrically connected with the calculation display unit (27).
8. The experimental device for exploring formation of the detritus bed in the drilling of the horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom surface of the liquid outlet device (4) is provided with circulation holes (28), the circulation holes (28) are annularly distributed along the edge of the bottom surface, the side surface of the liquid outlet device (4) is provided with a liquid return pipeline (23), and the contact part of the top surface and the drill rod is provided with a sealing gasket (29); the bottom surface of the liquid inlet device (8) is provided with circulation holes (28), the circulation holes (28) are annularly distributed along the edge of the bottom surface, and a sealing gasket (29) is arranged at the contact position of the top surface of the liquid inlet device (8) and the liquid inlet pipeline (15).
9. The experimental device for exploring formation of the detritus bed in the drilling of the horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the horizontal section of the simulated shaft (9) can change the inclination in a stepless way, and the change angle is 0-90 degrees.
10. The use method of the experimental device for exploring formation of the detritus bed in horizontal well drilling according to claim 3, comprises the following steps:
changing the liquid injection amount by using an external hydraulic pump, adjusting the telescopic length of a plunger of a hydraulic cylinder (14) and the position of the plunger on a movable hanger rail, pulling the inclination angle of a horizontal well section of a simulated well bore (9) to change, disassembling and assembling the simulated well bore (9) to adjust an inner drill rod (3) to be adaptive to the structure of the well bore under the condition of keeping the inclination angle of the well bore, and then sealing the simulated well bore (9) again;
secondly, the drilling fluid material is poured into a drilling fluid stirring tank (20) for full stirring, and the drilling fluid is injected into the tail end of the horizontal well section of the simulated pitshaft (9) through a liquid inlet device (8) in a liquid inlet pipeline (15) through a high-pressure pump A (18);
thirdly, the high-pressure drilling fluid entering the simulated shaft (9) flows into a fluid return pipeline (23) from a fluid outlet device (4) at the upper end of the vertical well section, flows through a temperature reduction and pressure reduction device (26), a flowmeter (17) and a delivery pump A (22), returns to the drilling fluid stirring tank (20), and enters the simulated shaft (9) again after being stirred to form circulation of the drilling fluid;
fourthly, a high-pressure pump B (2612) in the cooling and depressurizing device (26) is started, so that the cavity in the cooling tank (2605) is filled with cooling medium, after the cooling tank (2605) is filled with cooling medium, a valve below the cooling tank is opened, a delivery pump B (2613) is started, so that the cooling medium circulates between the cooling liquid cooling tank (2611) and the cavity in the cooling tank (2605), meanwhile, the pressure value collected by a pressure difference transmitter B (2610) to a controller (2614) is observed, the opening degree of an electric reducing valve (2603) is adjusted by the controller (2614), and the pressure of drilling fluid flowing through the cooling and depressurizing device (26) is kept stable;
stabilizing the working flow of the high-pressure pump A (18), and adjusting the parameters of a heating mechanism through a temperature controller (13) to ensure that the temperature and the pressure of the drilling fluid reach preset values required by an experiment;
sixthly, starting the rotary driving mechanism (1) to drive the drill rod (3) to rotate in the simulated shaft (9) and simulate the actual working state of the drill rod in the well;
seventhly, opening a hopper valve of a rock debris feeding tank (19) to enable rock debris to uniformly enter a liquid inlet pipeline (15), enter a simulation shaft (9) along with the drilling fluid in circulation, contact a drill rod (3) to generate a simulated rock debris layer, then collect the rock debris entering a liquid return pipeline (23) by a rock debris recovery sieve (21), and enable the drilling fluid to flow into a drilling fluid stirring tank (20) below for continuous circulation;
(eight) observing and recording experiment related operation data in the whole device circulation collected by the differential pressure transmitter A (25), the pressure sensor (16), the movable ultrasonic probe (24), the flowmeter (17), the torque sensor (2), the temperature sensor (12) and the temperature controller (13) from the calculation display unit (27), and taking the experiment related operation data as the representation of the formation condition of rock debris under the simulated drilling working condition.
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