CN111826112B - Anti-cracking technical wood veneer layer, preparation method thereof and modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive - Google Patents
Anti-cracking technical wood veneer layer, preparation method thereof and modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive Download PDFInfo
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- CN111826112B CN111826112B CN202010710663.8A CN202010710663A CN111826112B CN 111826112 B CN111826112 B CN 111826112B CN 202010710663 A CN202010710663 A CN 202010710663A CN 111826112 B CN111826112 B CN 111826112B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
- B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
- B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L5/00—Manufacture of veneer ; Preparatory processing therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/08—Macromolecular additives
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a cracking-resistant technical wood veneer layer, which comprises the following steps: coating a modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive on a veneer, assembling blanks, cold pressing and slicing; the preparation method of the modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of water-based polyurethane adhesive, 1-10 parts by weight of thickener, 15-50 parts by weight of humectant and 2-25 parts by weight of reinforcing agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wood processing and manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an anti-cracking technical wood veneer layer and a modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive.
Background
Impregnated bond paper veneer plywood and laminated wood board are commonly called ecological boards, and are boards obtained by taking a plywood or a laminated wood board as a base material and carrying out hot pressing on the surface of the base material by impregnated bond paper. The ecological plate is a novel decorative plate which is rapidly developed in the last decade in China, and the ecological plateThe production process technology is obtained by improving and innovating shaving boards and fiber boards decorated by impregnated bond paper by using for reference. According to statistics, the yield of the ecological plate in 2019 reaches 1500 ten thousand meters3The yield reaches 500 hundred million.
At present, a key problem restricting the healthy development of the ecological plate industry is as follows: the ecological plate produced in the south is easy to crack in the dry climate in winter in the north, especially in the north of yellow river. The root cause of cracking is two-fold: firstly, the hot pressing process of the ecological plate is low temperature and low pressure (0.7 MPa and 125 ℃), and the process determines that the strength of the cured impregnated paper is inferior to that of the paper cured at high temperature and high pressure (3 MPa and 180 ℃); and secondly, the ecological board base material mostly uses poplar bark or technical wood bark as a balance layer, and then the impregnated bond paper is pressed and pasted, wherein the poplar bark and the technical wood bark are all anisotropic materials and are easy to shrink and crack in a dry and hot state. In order to adapt to the dry climate in the north and avoid cracking, some manufacturers use ultrathin fiberboards with the thickness of 1.0-1.2 mm to replace poplar barks and technical woods, but the market reaction is weak, because consumers who select ecological boards cannot accept the fiberboards; some manufacturers replace the impregnated bond paper veneer with a fireproof plate in the early stage, but the design, visual effect, touch effect and the like are difficult to meet the rapidly changing market demands, and the cost is high. The problem of easy cracking of ecological boards has been the focus of industrial research, for example, patent CN201822006029.7 "an anti-cracking ecological board", patent CN 201710254261.X "an anti-cracking multifunctional impregnated bond paper veneer artificial board and a manufacturing method thereof", patent CN 201910918037.5 "an anti-cracking ecological board and a production process thereof", patent CN 201920478148.4 "an aldehyde-cleaning antibacterial anti-cracking ecological board", and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a cracking-resistant technical wood veneer, which comprises the following steps: coating a modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive on a veneer, assembling blanks, cold pressing and slicing; the preparation method of the modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of water-based polyurethane adhesive, 1-10 parts by weight of thickener, 15-50 parts by weight of humectant and 2-25 parts by weight of reinforcing agent.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the single plate is 0.5 to 1.2 mm; if the thickness of the veneer exceeds 1.2mm, the adhesive is difficult to permeate into the veneer, and the cracking resistance of the cracking-resistant technical wood is affected.
In some embodiments, the viscosity of the aqueous polyurethane adhesive is 50-300 cP, the solid content is 38-45%, and the pH is 7.5-8.0; the flexibility and the strength of a glue layer formed after the aqueous polyurethane adhesive is cured are obviously superior to those of urea-formaldehyde resin glue used by the traditional technical wood.
In some embodiments, the thickener is a mixture of one or more of flour, anionic polyacrylamide, hydroxymethyl cellulose; the thickening agent has the function of improving the viscosity of the waterborne polyurethane, so that the coating performance is ensured, and the excessive penetration of glue is prevented.
In some embodiments, the humectant is a mixture of one or more of diethylene glycol, butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, hexylene glycol, xylitol, polypropylene glycol, sorbitol; the traditional ecological plate is easy to crack in the north, and the external factor is air drying, so that the plate loses water and shrinks, poplar bark or technical wood bark cracks, and finally facing paper cracks. The humectant contains hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and has the anti-drying performance similar to that of water, and the inventor finds that the addition of the humectant can effectively prevent the ecological plate from cracking due to water loss in practice. However, the humectant needs to be used together with high-strength glue, and the addition of the humectant into the conventional urea glue causes the sharp reduction of the bonding strength, which makes it difficult to meet the bonding requirements.
In some embodiments, the enhancer is a latent isocyanate compound, preferably WANHUA CHEMICAL CW-20; the addition of the humectant can cause the curing efficiency and the bonding strength of the aqueous polyurethane adhesive to be rapidly reduced, the reinforcing agent must be added to meet the efficiency and the strength of normal production, the activity of the conventional isocyanate curing agent is too high, the conventional isocyanate curing agent can rapidly react with water in the adhesive after being added, cold pressing and gluing can be completed within half an hour, the operation is difficult, the reaction time of isocyanate groups and water can be prolonged by the latent isocyanate compound, the gluing and cold pressing operation time can be prolonged to 2 hours, and the production operation is easy.
In some embodiments, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(I) coating the single board with the modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive, wherein the single-side glue application amount is 90-150 g/square meter, and obtaining a glued single board;
(II) carrying out homodromous embryo combination on the glued veneer obtained in the step (I);
(III) starting cold pressing after the group of blanks reach a preset height, wherein the unit pressure is 1.0-2.5 MPa, and the time is 7-10 days, so that the anti-cracking technical batten is obtained;
(IV) cutting the technical battens obtained in the step (III) into technical veneers with the thickness of 0.25-1.0 mm to obtain the anti-cracking technical veneer layer.
The cracking-proof technical wood veneer is obtained according to the method.
The invention also provides a modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive, which consists of 100 parts by weight of waterborne polyurethane adhesive, 1-10 parts by weight of thickening agent, 15-50 parts by weight of humectant and 2-25 parts by weight of reinforcing agent.
In some embodiments, the thickener is a mixture of one or more of flour, anionic polyacrylamide, hydroxymethyl cellulose;
the humectant is one or a mixture of more of diethylene glycol, butanediol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, hexanediol, xylitol, polypropylene glycol and sorbitol; the reinforcing agent is a latent isocyanate compound, and is preferably Wanhua chemical CW-20.
The invention further provides an anti-cracking ecological plate, which comprises the following preparation steps:
(I) coating PUR hot melt adhesive or PVC special veneering adhesive on two sides of a substrate, wherein the coating amount is 80-150 g per square meter per single side, and obtaining a sizing substrate;
(II) placing anti-cracking technical veneers on two surfaces of the sizing base material obtained in the step (I), cold pressing for 2 hours under the condition that the unit pressure is 0.3MPa, and curing for 24 hours to obtain an anti-cracking base material;
and (III) placing the impregnated bond paper on two sides of the anti-cracking base material obtained in the step (II), and carrying out hot pressing for 5.5-8 min under the conditions that the unit pressure is 0.6-0.8 MPa and the temperature is 125-130 ℃, thus obtaining the anti-cracking ecological plate.
The reason for using the PUR hot melt adhesive or the special adhesive for sticking the surface of the PVC is as follows: the anti-cracking technical wood veneer obtained by the invention is difficult to bond by using the conventional urea-formaldehyde glue or the soybean protein glue, and a glue layer formed by the PUR hot melt adhesive or the PVC special veneering adhesive has high strength, so that the problem that the anti-cracking technical wood veneer is difficult to bond can be solved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention creatively invents the cracking-proof technical veneer which is used for replacing the traditional technical veneer or poplar bark and solves the industrial problem that the ecological plate is easy to crack in dry areas in the north;
2. the anti-cracking effect of the technical wood veneer is improved by adding the humectant into the waterborne polyurethane adhesive, and the problem of bonding strength reduction caused by the humectant is solved by using a latent curing agent enhancement technology.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments, and is determined by the claims. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1) Preparing a modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive:
sequentially adding 100 parts by weight of waterborne polyurethane, 1 part by weight of anionic polyacrylamide, 30 parts by weight of glycerol and 15 parts by weight of latent isocyanate compound (Wanhua chemical CW-20) into a stirring kettle, and stirring and mixing for 10min to be uniform to obtain the modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive;
2) preparing the cracking-proof technical veneer:
i: coating the single board with the prepared modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive, wherein the single-side glue application amount is 120g per square meter, so as to obtain a glued single board;
II: performing homodromous embryo assembly on the glued single board obtained in the step (I);
III: cold pressing the assembled blank to a preset height, wherein the unit pressure is 1.5MPa, and the time is 7 days, so that the anti-cracking technical batten is obtained;
IV: cutting the technical flitch obtained in the step (III) into a technical veneer with the thickness of 0.45mm to obtain the anti-cracking technical veneer layer;
the transverse tensile strength test was carried out on the obtained technical wood skin layer for preventing cracking according to GB/T12914 paper and paperboard tensile strength test, the test piece size was 100mm 15mm, the number was 10, all the test pieces were taken in the transverse direction, and the test result was 3.6N/mm. The transverse dimension shrinkage was measured according to the method of GB/T17657 and 4.34 in 2013 (treatment in a forced air drying oven at 70 ℃ for 24 hours) and was 0.02%.
3) Preparing the anti-cracking ecological plate:
i: coating PUR hot melt adhesive on two sides of a substrate, wherein the coating weight is 80g per square meter on one side, and obtaining a sizing substrate;
II: placing anti-cracking technical wood veneers on two sides of the sizing base material obtained in the step (I), cold pressing for 2 hours under the condition that the unit pressure is 0.3MPa, and then curing for 24 hours to obtain an anti-cracking base material;
III: and (3) placing milk white impregnated bond paper with the base paper gram weight of 100g on two sides of the anti-cracking base material obtained in the step (II), and carrying out hot pressing for 8min under the conditions that the unit pressure is 0.7MPa and the temperature is 127 ℃ to obtain the anti-cracking ecological plate.
According to the method of 4.16 in GB/T17657-2013, the surface bonding strength test of the anti-cracking base material is 2.1 MPa; according to the method of 4.36 in GB/T17657-2013 (treating for 24 hours in a 70 ℃ air-blast drying box), the cracking resistance of the cracking-resistant ecological plate is tested to reach level 5 (no crack on the surface is observed by using a 6-time magnifier).
Example 2
The implementation steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, the PUR hot melt adhesive prepared in the embodiment 1 is changed into a PVC special-purpose facing adhesive, and the coating quantity is changed from single side 80 g/square meter to single side 120 g/square meter.
According to the method of 4.16 in GB/T17657-2013, the surface bonding strength of the anti-cracking base material is tested to be 2.6 MPa; according to the method of 4.36 in GB/T17657-2013 (treating for 24 hours in a 70 ℃ air-blast drying box), the cracking resistance of the cracking-resistant ecological plate is tested to reach level 5 (no crack on the surface is observed by using a 6-time magnifier).
Example 3
1) Preparing a modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive:
sequentially adding 100 parts by weight of waterborne polyurethane, 8 parts by weight of flour, 40 parts by weight of diethylene glycol and 20 parts by weight of latent isocyanate compound (Wanhua chemical CW-20) into a stirring kettle, and stirring and mixing for 10min until uniform to obtain the modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive;
2) preparing the cracking-proof technical veneer: the procedure is as in example 1.
The transverse tensile strength test was carried out on the obtained technical wood skin layer for preventing cracking according to GB/T12914 paper and paperboard tensile strength test, the test piece size was 100mm 15mm, the number was 10, all the test pieces were taken in the transverse direction, and the test result was 2.5N/mm. The transverse dimension shrinkage was measured according to the method of GB/T17657 and 4.34 in 2013 (treatment in a forced air drying oven at 70 ℃ for 24 hours) and was 0.02%.
3) Preparing the anti-cracking ecological plate: the procedure is as in example 1.
According to the method of 4.16 in GB/T17657-2013, the surface bonding strength test of the anti-cracking base material is 1.8 MPa; according to the method of 4.36 in GB/T17657-2013 (treating for 24 hours in a 70 ℃ air-blast drying box), the cracking resistance of the cracking-resistant ecological plate is tested to reach 5 grade (no cracks on the surface are observed by using a 6-time magnifier).
Comparative example 1
Preparation of conventional ecological plate # 1:
i: coating the two sides of the base material with the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, wherein the coating amount is 220g per square meter on a single side, and obtaining a sizing base material;
II: placing conventional technical veneers with the thickness of 0.45mm on two sides of the sizing base material obtained in the step (I), cold-pressing for 30 minutes under the condition that the unit pressure is 0.7MPa, and then hot-pressing for 12 minutes at 120 ℃ and 0.7MPa to obtain a conventional technical veneer facing base material;
III: and (3) placing milk white impregnated bond paper with the base paper gram weight of 100g on two sides of the conventional technical wood veneer facing base material obtained in the step (II), and carrying out hot pressing for 8min under the conditions that the unit pressure is 0.7MPa and the temperature is 127 ℃ to obtain the conventional ecological board.
According to GB/T12914 paper and paperboard tensile strength test, the conventional technical wood skin layer is subjected to transverse tensile strength test, the test piece size is 100mm 15mm, the test piece number is 10, all the test pieces are transversely taken, and the test result is 0.03N/mm. The transverse dimension shrinkage was measured according to the method of GB/T17657 and 4.34 in 2013 (treatment in a forced air drying oven at 70 ℃ for 24 hours) and was found to be 3.2%.
According to the method of 4.16 in GB/T17657-2013, the surface bonding strength test is carried out on the conventional scientific and technical wood veneer facing base material, and the surface bonding strength is 1.6 MPa; according to the method of 4.36 in GB/T17657-2013 (treating for 24 hours in a blast drying box at 70 ℃), the cracking resistance of the cracking-resistant ecological plate is tested to be level 1 (the whole plate surface is covered with long cracks).
Comparative example 2
Preparation of conventional ecological plate # 2: the "milky white impregnated bond paper having a base paper weight of 100 g" in comparative example 1 was replaced with "pattern paper having a base paper weight of 85 g", and the rest was the same as in comparative example 1.
According to the method of 4.36 in GB/T17657-2013 (treating for 24 hours in a blast drying box at 70 ℃), the cracking resistance of the cracking-resistant ecological plate is tested to be level 2 (the whole plate surface is covered with long cracks).
Comparative example 3
The conventional technical veneer in comparative example 1 was replaced with the cracking-resistant technical veneer obtained in example 1, and the other steps were the same as in comparative example 1.
Test example
According to the method of 4.16 in GB/T17657-2013, the obtained cracking-proof scientific wood veneer facing base material is subjected to a surface bonding strength test, wherein the surface bonding strength test is 0.6 MPa; according to the method of 4.36 in GB/T17657-2013 (treating for 24 hours in a 70 ℃ air-blast drying box), the cracking resistance of the cracking-resistant ecological plate is tested to reach level 5 (no crack on the surface is observed by using a 6-time magnifier).
TABLE 1 comparison of transverse tensile strength of technical veneer with cracking resistance of ecological plate
The data in table 1 show that the transverse tensile strength of the common technical veneer is only 0.03N/mm, but the strength of the cracking-proof technical veneer obtained by the invention is greatly improved, and the transverse tensile strength is as high as more than 2.5N/mm. The transverse dimension shrinkage rate of the common technical wood veneer is 3.2%, which shows that the ecological plate is easy to crack due to water loss shrinkage in a dry and hot environment, and the transverse dimension shrinkage rate of the crack-proof technical wood veneer obtained by the invention is only 0.02%, which shows that the addition of the humectant improves the dimensional stability of the technical wood veneer, thereby solving the problem of surface cracking of the ecological plate. In addition, the bonding force of the anti-cracking technical veneer and the base material is greatly improved by the PUR hot melt adhesive or the special laminating adhesive for PVC. The cracking resistance test of the anti-cracking ecological plate obtained by the invention can reach 5 grades.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the cracking-resistant technical wood veneer is characterized by comprising the following steps: coating a modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive on a veneer, assembling blanks, cold pressing and slicing; the preparation method of the modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of aqueous polyurethane adhesive, 1-10 parts by weight of thickener, 15-50 parts by weight of humectant and 2-25 parts by weight of reinforcing agent;
the reinforcing agent is a latent isocyanate compound;
the thickening agent is one or a mixture of more of flour, anionic polyacrylamide and hydroxymethyl cellulose;
the humectant is one or more of diethylene glycol, butanediol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, hexanediol, xylitol, polypropylene glycol and sorbitol.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the single plate is 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
3. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous polyurethane adhesive has a viscosity of 50-300 cP, a solid content of 38-45%, and a pH of 7.5-8.0.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the latent isocyanate compound is Wanhua chemical CW-20.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(I) coating a single plate with a modified aqueous polyurethane adhesive, wherein the single-side glue application amount is 90-150 g/m2Obtaining a glued veneer;
(II) carrying out homodromous embryo assembly on the glued veneers obtained in the step (I);
(III) starting cold pressing after the group of blanks reach a preset height, wherein the unit pressure is 1.0-2.5 MPa, and the time is 7-10 days, so that the anti-cracking technical batten is obtained;
(IV) cutting the technical wood square obtained in the step (III) into a technical wood veneer with the thickness of 0.25-1.0 mm by planing to obtain the anti-cracking technical wood veneer.
6. Crack-resistant technical wood veneer prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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