CN111823673A - 具有高弹性和高刚性的用于车辆的底罩及其制造方法 - Google Patents
具有高弹性和高刚性的用于车辆的底罩及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111823673A CN111823673A CN201911227220.7A CN201911227220A CN111823673A CN 111823673 A CN111823673 A CN 111823673A CN 201911227220 A CN201911227220 A CN 201911227220A CN 111823673 A CN111823673 A CN 111823673A
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- nonwoven
- layers
- melting point
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- polyethylene terephthalate
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- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了具有高弹性和高刚性的用于车辆的底罩及其制造方法。具有高弹性和高刚性的用于车辆的底罩可以包括针刺非织造物,所述针刺非织造物具有毡层的多层结构,所述毡层包括第一PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维,并且每个毡层均可以具有改善的拉伸强度和优化的纤维排列,由此改善纤维之间的结合,机械刚性和弹性,以及减少部件的重量,改善耐久性并确保无害性和在线可加工性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有高刚性的用于车辆的底罩(undercover)及其制造方法,所述底罩包括针刺非织造物,所述针刺非织造物具有毡层的多层结构,所述毡层包含PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维,每个毡层均具有改善的拉伸强度和优化的纤维排列。
背景技术
在现有技术中,底罩安装在车辆的底部,并且起到保护安装在车辆底侧中的包括发动机和变速器的部件的作用。底罩还起到防止异物在行驶时从车辆底部进入车辆的作用。另外,底罩在吸收和阻挡车辆(特别是发动机和变速器)产生的噪声方面起着重要的作用,从而防止噪声传播到车辆外部。
用于底罩的常规材料包括:诸如聚丙烯和玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的材料。然而,这些材料由于其过高的重量而具有燃料效率低和NVH(噪声、振动、平顺度)性能差的缺点。特别地,玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料具有玻璃纤维粉尘的相关问题以及抵抗外部冲击的耐久性低的缺点。
为了解决技术领域中的这些问题,已经将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯材料用于制造底罩。然而,这种聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯材料具有比常规材料小的弯曲刚性,因此需要被制造得更硬从而改善在线可加工性。
公开于该背景技术部分的上述信息仅仅提供用于加深对发明背景的理解,因此其可以包括的信息并不构成在本国已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
在优选方面,提供了由于改善了纤维之间的结合力而具有高弹性和高刚性的用于车辆的底罩以及一种制造用于车辆的底罩的方法,该方法可以减轻部件的重量,改善耐久性,并确保无害性(安全)和在线可加工性。
本发明的目的不限于上述那些。从以下描述中将清楚地理解本发明的目的,并且可以通过权利要求中限定的手段及其组合来实现本发明的目的。
在一方面,提供了具有高弹性和高刚性的用于车辆的底罩。底罩可以包括:针刺非织造物,其通过针刺第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层而形成,所述第一非织造物层包括一个或更多个第一毡层,所述第二非织造物层在所述第一非织造物层上形成并且包括一个或更多个第二毡层。优选地,第一毡层和第二毡层均可以包括纤维网,以纤维网的总重量计,所述纤维网包括约1重量%至40重量%量的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和约60重量%至99重量%量的低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维。
第一毡层和第二毡层可以相同或不同。第一毡层和第二毡层可以相同,例如,具有相同的成分和含量。第一毡层和第二毡层可以不同,例如,具有至少一个或更多个不同的成分或至少一个或更多个成分的不同的含量。
如果第一毡层和第二毡层不同,则合适的是,第一毡层组合物的至少约1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、10重量%、15重量%或20重量%是不同于第二层组合物。
优选地,第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层均可以包括:层压为两层或三层的多层结构的第一毡层和第二毡层。例如,第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层均可以包括层压为两层的多层结构的第一毡层和
第二毡层。而且,第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层均可以包括:层压为三层的多层结构的第一毡层和第二毡层。
第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层均可以包括纤维网,所述纤维网包括以水平排列和竖直排列随机混合的第一毡层和第二毡层的纤维。
第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层可以适当地具有约300g/m2至750g/m2的单位面积重量。
第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层可以重复地层压为三至五层的多层结构。例如,第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层可以重复地层压为三层、四层或五层的多层结构。
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维(“第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维”)可以适当地具有约240℃至270℃的熔点,约48mm至76mm的纤维长度以及约3g/De至4g/De的拉伸强度。
低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维可以适当地具有约105℃至180℃的熔点,约48mm至76mm的纤维长度以及约3g/De至4g/De的拉伸强度。在任何方面,低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维的熔点比第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维的熔点低约5度、10度、20度或30度。
针刺非织造物可以适当地具有约600g/m2至1,500g/m2的单位面积重量。
针刺非织造物的针刺次数可以适当地为约20至80刺/cm2。
在另一方面,提供了一种制造具有高弹性和高刚性的用于车辆的底罩的方法。所述方法可以包括以下步骤:i)提供熔点为约240℃至270℃的第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和熔点为约105℃至180℃的低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维,ii)通过梳理基于纤维网的总重量计的约1重量%至40重量%量的第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和约60重量%至99重量%量的低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维来形成纤维网,iii)通过结合和热压纤维网来形成第一毡层和第二毡层中的每一者,iv)通过将第一毡层和第二毡层层压为两层至三层来形成第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层中的每一者,以及v)通过将第二非织造物层层压在第一非织造物层上,接着进行针刺来生产针刺非织造物。
第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维可以适当地具有约48mm至76mm的纤维长度和约3g/De至4g/De的拉伸强度。
低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维可以适当地具有约48mm至76mm的纤维长度和约3g/De至4g/De的拉伸强度。
在形成第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层中的每一者的过程中,可以通过将纤维网重复地层压为三层至五层的多层结构来形成第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层中的每一者。
在生产针刺非织造物的过程中,针刺非织造物可以适当地具有约600g/m2至1,500g/m2的单位面积重量。
在生产针刺非织造物的过程中针刺的次数可以适当地为约20至80刺/cm2。
还提供了包括本文所述的底罩的车辆。
下面讨论本发明的其它方面和优选实施方案。
附图说明
接下来将参照由所附附图显示的本发明的某些示例性实施方案来详细地描述本发明的以上及其它特征,这些附图在下文中仅以显示的方式给出,因而对本发明是非限定性的,在这些附图中:
图1是示出根据本发明示例性实施方案的示例性地用于车辆的底罩的示例性针刺非织造物的横截面图;和
图2示出了根据本发明的针刺非织造物的示例性纤维网在水平和竖直方向上随机排列的结构。
具体实施方式
参考附图,从以下优选实施方案将清楚地理解本发明的上述目的以及其他目的、特征和优点。然而,本发明不限于这些实施方案,并且可以以不同的形式实施。建议实施方案仅提供对所公开的上下文的全面和完整的理解,并且充分地告知本领域技术人员本发明的技术构思。
在整个附图的描述中,相同的数字表示相同的元件。在附图中,为了清楚起见,夸大了结构的尺寸。应当理解,尽管本文可以使用术语“第一”,“第二”等来描述各种元件,但是这些元件不应该被解释为受这些术语的限制,这些术语仅用于区分一个元件和另一个元件。例如,在由本发明限定的范围内,“第一”元件可以称为“第二”元件,并且类似地,“第二”元件可以称为“第一”元件。除非上下文另有明确说明,否则单数形式也旨在包括复数形式。
应当进一步了解,当在本说明书中使用术语包含和/或具有指定所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组分、或其组合的存在,但不排除一种或多种其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组分,或其组合的存在或添加。此外,应理解,当诸如层、膜、区域或衬底的元件称为在另一元件“上”时,其可以直接在另一元件上,或者也可以存在中间元件。还应理解,当诸如层、膜、区域或衬底的元件称为在另一元件“下”时,其可以直接在另一元件下,或者也可以存在中间元件。
除非上下文另有明确说明,否则本说明书中使用的代表成分,反应条件,聚合物组成和混合物的量的所有数值,数字和/或表达都是近似值,其反映了在获得这些数字时除了其他方面测量固有发生的各种不确定性。出于这个原因,应该理解,在所有情况下,术语“约”的所有数值,数字和/或表达,除非上下文另有明确说明,否则本说明书中使用的代表成分,反应条件,聚合物组成和混合物的量的术语表达都是平均偏差,或者从上下文看,如本文所用,说明书中所用的代表成分,反应条件,聚合物组成和混合物的量的术语表达是反映各种不确定性的近似值。
应当理解,此处所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语一般包括机动车辆,例如包括运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、大客车、卡车、各种商用车辆的乘用汽车,包括各种舟艇和船舶的船只,航空器等等,并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、可插式混合动力电动车辆、氢动力车辆以及其它替代性燃料车辆(例如源于非石化的能源的燃料)。正如此处所提到的,混合动力车辆是具有两种或更多动力源的车辆,例如汽油动力和电力动力两者的车辆。
另外,除非另外限定,否则当在说明书中公开数值范围时,这些范围是连续的并且包括从最小值到最大值(包括每个范围内的最大值)的所有数值。此外,除非另外限定,否则当范围指的是整数时,它包括从最小值到最大值(包括该范围内的最大值)的所有整数。
在整个说明书中,以下,将第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(图2中的110)称为“常规PET”、“第一PET”或“PET”,低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(图2中的120)称为“低熔点PET”。
特别地,本文所用的术语“常规PET”、“第一PET”或“PET”是指未改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,其熔点通常在约230℃至280℃的范围内,或特别是在约240℃至270℃的范围内,或在约250℃至260℃的范围内。如本文所用,术语“低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯”或“低熔点PET”是指,例如,通过引入不同的单体(例如环己烷二甲醇)代替聚合物链中的乙二醇单体以干扰PET的结晶并降低其熔融温度(熔点或“m.p.”)从而改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。优选的低熔点PET的熔点可以在约90℃至200℃的范围内,在约100℃至190℃的范围内,或特别是在约105℃至180℃范围内。
在下文中,将更详细地描述本发明的各种示例性实施方案。
根据本发明示例性实施方案的用于车辆的底罩材料可以包括单一的PET材料,而不是使用诸如碳纤维和玻璃纤维的具有高刚性的增强纤维(所述增强纤维通常用于底罩),但通过将纤维的强度、含量和纤维排列调整至最佳范围来提高刚性和弹性。
用于车辆的底罩可以通过使用第一毡层和第二毡层来确保机械强度,所述第一毡层和所述第二毡层包括常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维,该常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维均具有改善的拉伸强度。另外,通过改善毡层的内部结合结构,可以使因负荷引起的应变(变形)最小化,因此可以减小部件的重量,并且可以改善耐久性。
另外,可以对包括第一毡层和第二毡层的第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层进行针刺,并且可以使针刺的次数最小化,从而优化常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的纤维排列,并改善纤维之间的结合强度和弹性。另外,由于用于车辆的底罩可以仅包含PET纤维并且不包含任何玻璃纤维,因此可以确保无害性和在线可加工性,并且其优点在于可以容易地回收PET。
本发明提供了用于车辆的底罩,其包括针刺非织造物,所述针刺非织造物通过针刺第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层而形成,所述第一非织造物层包括第一毡层,所述第二非织造物层包括在第一非织造物层上形成的第二毡层。第一毡层和第二毡层均可以适当地包括纤维网,以纤维网的总重量计,所述纤维网包含约1重量%至40重量%量的常规PET纤维和约60重量%至99重量%量的低熔点PET纤维。
图1是根据本发明示例性实施方案的示例性地用于车辆的底罩的示例性针刺非织造物的横截面图。如图1所示,针刺非织造物包括第一非织造物层150和在第一非织造物层150上形成的第二非织造物层160。第一非织造物层150和第二非织造物层160均可以包括第一毡层130和第二毡层140,所述第一毡层130和所述第二毡层140层压为两层或三层的多层结构。当第一毡层和第二毡层形成为具有大于三层的多层结构时,毡层中的纤维的水平排列可能变差,因此强度可能降低。
第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层可以是纤维网,其中第一毡层和第二毡层的纤维以水平和竖直排列随机混合。第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层均可以包括纤维网,其中第一毡层和第二毡层中的常规PET纤维(例如,图2中的110)和低熔点PET纤维(例如,图2中的120)通过梳理而水平排列,并且水平排列和竖直排列通过针刺可以随机混合。
即,当水平排列的第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层通过针刺组合时,针刺非织造物会使由针刺引起的纤维的物理混合最小化。图2是示出示例性结构的横截面图,其中示例性的针刺非织造物的示例性纤维在水平和竖直方向上均随机地排列。如图2所示,针刺非织造物具有以下优点:当纤维在水平和竖直方向排列时(如图2所示),因负荷而导致的材料变形较小,并且与方向相关的强度差较小。
第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层可各自具有约300g/m2至750g/m2的单位面积重量。当第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层的单位面积重量小于约300g/m2时,生产率可能变差并且成本竞争力可能因此下降。另一方面,当第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层的单位面积重量大于约750g/m2时,可以改善生产率,但是物理性质可能小于期望的值。优选地,单位面积重量可以为约360g/m2至650g/m2。
第一毡层和第二毡层包括纤维网,以纤维网的总重量计,所述纤维网包括:约1重量%至40重量%量的常规PET纤维和约60重量%至99重量%量的低熔点PET纤维。
可以通过重复层压以形成三层至五层的多层结构来形成第一毡层和第二毡层。可以通过将常规PET纤维与低熔点PET纤维混合,然后进行梳理,来生产出单位面积重量为约40g/m2至50g/m2的纤维网。
另外,由于将纤维网层压为三至五层的多层结构,因此可以将常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的纤维水平排列以生产轻质的非织造物。在本发明中,通过梳理然后多次交叉折叠形成单位面积重量为约40g/m2至50g/m2的纤维网,并且通过重复地层压所形成的纤维网,可以将第一毡层和第二毡层形成为多层结构。
常规PET纤维可以具有优异的耐热性并且可以赋予毡形态稳定性。常规PET纤维可以具有约240℃至270℃的熔点,约48mm至76mm的纤维长度以及约3g/De至4g/De的拉伸强度。
低熔点PET纤维由于其优异的低温粘合性而可以改善毡的刚性。特别地,低熔点PET纤维可以包含约20重量%至50重量%量的皮层和约50重量%至80重量%量的芯层,所述皮层包含经改性以具有低熔点和改善的粘合性的PET树脂(1),所述芯层包含(常规)PET树脂(2)。经改性以具有低熔点和改善的粘合性的PET树脂(1)可以具有约105℃至180℃的熔点,并且常规PET树脂可以具有约240℃至270℃的熔点。当低熔点PET树脂的含量小于约20重量%时,则可能会发生粘合不均匀,并且当低熔点PET树脂的含量大于约50重量%时,则可能会发生过度的热变形和强度变差。
当低熔点PET纤维的含量小于约60重量%时,则毡的强度可能会变差。另一方面,当低熔点PET纤维的含量大于约99重量%时,可以改善毡的刚性,但是当其超过一定水平时,则该材料可能会转变为易碎的脆性材料,并且强度可能会变差。低熔点PET纤维可以具有约105℃至180℃的熔点,约48mm至76mm的纤维长度以及约3g/De至4g/De的拉伸强度。当低熔点PET纤维的熔点小于约105℃时,则耐热耐久性可能会变差。另一方面,当熔点大于约180℃时,则可模塑性可能会变差。
特别地,当常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的拉伸强度小于约3g/De时,则纤维的强度可能会变弱并且弯曲刚性和弯曲模量可能会显著降低。另一方面,当常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的拉伸强度大于约4g/De时,则由于原料的较差(不良)混合,物理性能可能会变差。优选地,拉伸强度可以为约3.2g/De至3.7g/De。
针刺非织造物可以具有约600g/m2至1,500g/m2的单位面积重量。当针刺非织造物的单位面积重量小于约600g/m2时,则强度可能会不足以应用于轮罩或底罩上。另一方面,当针刺非织造物的单位面积重量大于约1,500g/cm2时,则成本竞争力可能会不足以应用于轮罩或底罩,并且可能会抑制车辆的重量减轻。优选地,针刺非织造物可以具有约1,100g/m2至1,300g/m2的单位面积重量。
针刺非织造物的针刺次数可以为约20至80刺/cm2。当进行针刺的次数小于约20刺/cm2时,则由于梳理网的结合力不足而可能会难以合适地生产针刺非织造物。另一方面,当针刺的次数大于约80刺/cm2时,则纤维的排列在竖直方向上得到改善,并且因负荷而施加至材料上的应变量可能会增加。与常规方法相比,针刺非织造物可以使在第一非织造物层和第二非织物层上进行针刺的次数最小化,从而减少了由于负荷而引起的材料变形(应变)。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了一种制造用于车辆的底罩的方法,所述方法包括:提供(例如,制备)熔点为约240℃至270℃的PET纤维和熔点为约105℃至180℃的低熔点PET纤维;通过梳理基于纤维网的总重量计的约1重量%至40重量%量的常规PET纤维和约60重量%至99重量%量的低熔点PET纤维来形成纤维网;通过结合和热压纤维网来形成第一毡层和第二毡层中的每一者;通过将第一毡层和第二毡层层压为两层至三层来形成第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层中的每一者,以及通过将第二非织造物层层压在第一非织造物层上,然后进行针刺来生产针刺非织造物。
在制备常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的过程中,可以通过纺丝、拉伸和卷曲工艺来生产常规PET纤维,使得常规PET纤维可以具有约48mm至76mm的纤维长度和约3g/De至4g/De的拉伸强度。以与上述相同的方式,可以生产低熔点PET纤维,使得低熔点PET纤维具有约48mm至72mm的纤维长度和约3g/De至4g/De的拉伸强度
在形成第一毡层和第二毡层的过程中,可以将纤维网层压为三层至五层的多层结构,以形成第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层。
在生产针刺非织造物的过程中,针刺非织造物可以具有约720g/m2至1,200g/m2的单位面积重量。
在生产针刺非织造物的过程中,可以通过竖直移动配备有数千个针的针板来进行针刺,其中,进行针刺的次数可以为约20刺/cm2至80刺/cm2。
在下文中,将参考实施例更详细地描述本发明。然而,以下实施例不应解释为限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1
生产常规PET纤维,使得其具有250℃的熔点和64mm的纤维长度。生产低熔点PET纤维,使其具有180℃的熔点和52mm的纤维长度。另外,如下表1所示调整常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的拉伸强度。
然后,将20重量%的常规PET纤维与80重量%的低熔点PET纤维混合,随后进行梳理,以形成单位面积重量为200g/m2的纤维网。然后,将纤维网层压为三层,然后在190℃的温度下热压以形成第一毡层和第二毡层。将第一毡层和第二毡层分别层压为两层的多层结构,以形成单位面积重量为1,200g/m2的第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层,从而生产用于车辆的底罩。
实施例2至6和对比实施例1至11。
除了如下表1所示改变纤维的拉伸强度以外,以与实施例1相同的方式制造实施例2和对比实施例1至6的用于车辆的底罩。
如下表2所示,除了改变常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的混合比以外,以与实施例1相同的方式制造实施例3以及对比实施例7和8的用于车辆的底罩。
除了如下表3所示,改变毡层的层叠结构和针刺次数以外,以与实施例1相同的方式制造实施例4至6和对比实施例9至11的用于车辆的底罩。
实验实施例1:取决于常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的拉伸强度的物理性能的评估
实施例1和2以及对比实施例1至6中制得的用于车辆的底罩的、取决于常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的拉伸强度的性能均评估了两次。结果示于下表1中。此时,根据ASTMD5034评估拉伸强度,并且根据ISO 178A方法评估弯曲强度和弯曲模量。
表1
表1中所示的结果表明,在实施例1和2中,当常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的拉伸强度落在3g/De至4g/De的范围内时,针刺非织造物的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量总体上是优异的,并且随着纤维的拉伸强度的增加,针刺非织造物的刚性和弹性增加。
另一方面,表1的结果表明,在对比实施例1至3、5和6中,常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的特定的拉伸强度范围均不令人满意,因此针刺非织造物的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量显著变差。
另外,在对比实施例4中,当纤维的拉伸强度超过4g/De时,针刺非织造物的拉伸强度维持在适当的水平,但是针刺非织造物的弯曲强度和弯曲模量因原料混合不良(较差)而降低。
实验实施例2:取决于常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维混合比的物理性能的评估
实施例1和3以及对比实施例7和8中制得的用于车辆的底罩的、取决于常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维的混合比的物理性能均评估了两次,并且结果示于下表2中。
表2
表2的结果表明,在实施例1和3中,常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维以适当的比例混合,则拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量总体上优异。
另一方面,在对比实施例7和8中,当低熔点PET纤维的相对含量降低时,由于纤维之间的粘合性不足,则刚性和弹性迅速降低。
实验实施例3:取决于针刺非织造物的层压结构和针刺次数的性能的评估
在实施例1和4至6以及对比实施例9至11中制得的用于车辆的底罩的、取决于针刺非织造物的层压结构和针刺次数的物理性能评估了两次,并且结果示于下表3中。
表3
表3的结果表明,取决于层压结构和针刺操作次数,实施例1和4至6的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均优于其它针刺非织造物。
另一方面,与实施例1和5相比,在对比实施例9中,针刺的次数过高,例如90刺/cm2,并且纤维之间的竖直排列增加,使得拉伸强度和弯曲模量降低。
与实施例4和6相比,在对比实施例10中,针刺的次数过少,例如10刺/cm2,使得纤维间的结合变差,因此拉伸强度和弯曲强度降低。
在对比实施例11中,包括均形成为单层的第一毡层和第二毡层的针刺非织造物因纤维的低水平排列比而具有相对较低的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量。而且,这些物理性能不满足底罩所需的性能。
根据本发明各种示例性实施方案的用于车辆的底罩利用第一毡层和第二毡层(所述第一毡层和所述第二毡层均包括常规PET纤维和低熔点PET纤维并且具有改善的拉伸强度),从而确保了底罩的机械刚性,降低的部件重量以及改善的耐久性。
根据本发明各种示例性实施方案的用于车辆的底罩可以包括第一非织物层和第二非织物层(均包括第一毡层和第二毡层),对所述第一非织物层和所述第二非织物层可以进行针刺,并且进行针刺的次数可以最小化,从而可以优化常规PET和低熔点纤维的排列,并且可以改善纤维之间的结合和弹性。
另外,根据本发明各种示例性实施方案的用于车辆的底罩可以不包含玻璃纤维,而可以仅包含PET纤维,从而确保无害性和在线可加工性,并且有利于回收PET。
本发明的效果不限于上述那些。应该理解,本发明的效果包括可以从本发明的描述推断出的所有效果。
参考本发明的示例性实施方案详细描述了本发明。然而,应理解,下本领域技术人员可以对这些实施方案作出改变而不脱离本发明的原理和精神,本发明的范围限定在所附权利要求其等同方案中。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于车辆的底罩,包括:
针刺非织造物,其通过针刺第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层而形成,所述第一非织造物层包括一个或更多个第一毡层,所述第二非织造物层在所述第一非织造物层上形成并包括一个或更多个第二毡层,
其中,第一毡层和第二毡层均包括纤维网,以纤维网的总重量计,所述纤维网包括1重量%~40重量%量的第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和60重量%~99重量%量的低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的底罩,其中,第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层均包括第一毡层和第二毡层,所述第一毡层和所述第二毡层层压为两层或三层的多层结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的底罩,其中,第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层均包括纤维网,所述纤维网包括以水平排列和竖直排列随机混合的第一毡层和第二毡层的纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的底罩,其中,第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层均具有300g/m2~750g/m2的单位面积重量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的底罩,其中,第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层重复地层压为三至五层的多层结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的底罩,其中,第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维具有240℃~270℃的熔点,48mm~76mm的纤维长度以及3g/De~4g/De的拉伸强度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的底罩,其中,低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维具有105℃~180℃的熔点,48mm~76mm的纤维长度以及3g/De~4g/De的拉伸强度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的底罩,其中,针刺非织造物具有600g/m2~1500g/m2的单位面积重量。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的底罩,其中,针刺非织造物的针刺次数为20~80刺/cm2。
10.一种制造具有高弹性和高刚性的用于车辆的底罩的方法,所述方法包括:
提供熔点为240℃~270℃的第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和熔点为105℃~180℃的低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维;
通过梳理基于纤维网的总重量计的1重量%~40重量%量的第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和60重量%~99重量%量的低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维来形成纤维网;
通过结合和热压纤维网来形成第一毡层和第二毡层中的每一者;
通过将第一毡层和第二毡层层压为两层至三层来形成第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层中的每一者;以及
通过将第二非织造物层层压在第一非织造物层上,接着进行针刺来生产针刺非织造物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维具有48mm~76mm的纤维长度和3g/De~4g/De的拉伸强度。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维具有48mm~76mm的纤维长度和3g/De~4g/De的拉伸强度。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,在形成第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层中的每一者时,通过将纤维网重复地层压为三层至五层的多层结构来形成第一非织造物层和第二非织造物层中的每一者。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,在生产针刺非织造物时,针刺非织造物具有600g/m2~1500g/m2的单位面积重量。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,在生产针刺非织造物时,针刺的次数为20~80刺/cm2。
16.一种车辆,其包括根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的底罩。
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US11560105B2 (en) | 2023-01-24 |
US12043186B2 (en) | 2024-07-23 |
KR20200123570A (ko) | 2020-10-30 |
US20200331412A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
US20230120866A1 (en) | 2023-04-20 |
CN111823673B (zh) | 2024-02-27 |
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