CN111818533A - Wireless communication system design method based on intelligent reflecting surface - Google Patents

Wireless communication system design method based on intelligent reflecting surface Download PDF

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CN111818533A
CN111818533A CN202010500147.2A CN202010500147A CN111818533A CN 111818533 A CN111818533 A CN 111818533A CN 202010500147 A CN202010500147 A CN 202010500147A CN 111818533 A CN111818533 A CN 111818533A
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reflecting surface
base station
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intelligent reflecting
wireless communication
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CN111818533B (en
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钟财军
王俊伟
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/18—Network planning tools
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a wireless communication system based on an intelligent reflecting surface, which comprises the steps that the wireless communication system comprises a base station, the intelligent reflecting surface and a user, and the design method of the wireless communication system comprises the following steps: the base station is provided with M antennas, and signals are transmitted to users after being precoded by using the channel state information of the antennas; the intelligent reflecting surface is provided with N reflecting units, and signals from the base station are reflected to a user after phase coding is carried out on the signals by utilizing channel state information of the reflecting units; and jointly designing the signal precoding of the base station and the phase coding of the intelligent reflecting surface, and optimally updating a precoding vector and a diagonal phase shift matrix to determine a user receiving signal by taking the maximum traversal capacity as a target. Therefore, the communication quality of the wireless communication system when the line-of-sight path is lost or bad can be greatly improved, and the defect of high energy consumption of the traditional relay is overcome.

Description

Wireless communication system design method based on intelligent reflecting surface
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a wireless communication system design method based on an intelligent reflecting surface.
Background
Current fifth generation mobile communication technologies, such as massive antenna technologies, have made it possible to achieve extremely high spectral efficiency and throughput in wireless communication systems. However, the presence of obstacles in the propagation path of the signal still causes a significant degradation in communication quality, especially for millimeter wave communication, because both path loss and penetration loss of millimeter waves are large. In order to solve the problem, a relay is added to a place where the signal is poor to forward the signal, but the relay digitally processes the received signal, so that the relay has higher data processing capability requirement and higher power consumption.
The intelligent reflecting surface technology appeared in recent years receives extensive attention from the industry. It is envisaged that in future scenarios, man-made buildings will become more and more intelligent, with their surface integrating electronics technology to serve wireless communication. The intelligent reflecting surface is a relatively cheap artifact, can reflect electromagnetic waves and modulate the phase of incident electromagnetic waves in the process, thereby achieving better communication performance. It is worth mentioning that the small passive reflection unit in the intelligent reflection surface only adjusts the phase of the incident signal without encoding, decoding and forwarding, so that the low power consumption characteristic of the intelligent reflection surface is superior to that of the traditional relay, the communication quality can be greatly improved under the condition of the missing line-of-sight path, and the coverage range of the millimeter wave signal is improved.
The existing communication system using the intelligent reflecting surface comprises: the patent application with the application publication number of CN110830097A discloses an active and passive mutual-benefit symbiotic transmission communication system based on a reflecting surface, which comprises a single-antenna transmitting base station, an intelligent reflecting surface and a single-antenna active and passive cooperative receiver, wherein the intelligent reflecting surface comprises a plurality of independently controllable reflecting units, and the intelligent reflecting surface is connected with a sensor; the single antenna emission base station and the intelligent reflection surface form a reciprocal symbiotic communication system emission part which respectively emits active signals and passive signals; the single antenna cooperative receiver simultaneously receives the active signal and the passive signal and respectively demodulates the active information from the base station and the passive information from the sensor connected with the intelligent reflecting surface, wherein the passive information is indicated through the time delay length of a wireless channel.
For another example, as disclosed in patent application with publication number CN111181615A, the system for the method includes multiple cooperative cells, where the cooperative cells are provided with an intelligent reflecting surface, and each cooperative cell has a base station and a user terminal; the method comprises the following steps: a user terminal transmits pilot signals to base stations in each cooperative cell, each base station estimates and shares channel state information, acquires global channel state information and formulates a transmitting beam forming model; and the intelligent reflecting surface formulates a reflecting beam forming model, and the coefficients of transmitting beam forming and reflecting beam forming are obtained through modeling solution, so that interference suppression signals are formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wireless communication system design method based on an intelligent reflecting surface aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a design method of a wireless communication system based on an intelligent reflecting surface comprises the steps that the wireless communication system comprises a base station, the intelligent reflecting surface and a user, and the design method of the wireless communication system comprises the following steps:
the base station is provided with M antennas, and signals are transmitted to users after being precoded by using the channel state information of the antennas;
the intelligent reflecting surface is provided with N reflecting units, and signals from the base station are reflected to a user after phase coding is carried out on the signals by utilizing channel state information of the reflecting units;
the method for jointly designing the signal precoding of the base station and the phase coding of the intelligent reflecting surface comprises the following steps:
the base station sends a signal s, and a user received signal r is:
Figure BDA0002524401140000031
where P is the transmit power of signal s; f is an element of C1×MIs a pre-coding vector of the base station and satisfies | | f | | non-calculation2＝1；g∈C1×MIs a channel between a base station and a user; h1∈CN×MIs a channel between the base station and the intelligent reflecting surface; h is2∈C1×NIs a channel between the intelligent reflecting surface and a user;
Figure BDA0002524401140000032
is a diagonal phase shift matrix of the intelligent reflecting surface, phinE [0,2 π) is the phase shift introduced by the nth reflection unit;
Figure BDA0002524401140000033
is complex gaussian noise, σ is the variance of gaussian noise; superscript H represents conjugate transpose; h1，h2G is the Rice channel;
and optimizing and updating a precoding vector f and a diagonal phase shift matrix phi to determine a user received signal r by taking the maximum traversal capacity as a target.
Wherein H1，h2G satisfies:
Figure BDA0002524401140000034
Figure BDA0002524401140000035
Figure BDA0002524401140000036
wherein alpha is1,β1，α2,β2，α3,β3Are all parameters of the rice channel and,
Figure BDA0002524401140000037
in order to be a line-of-sight path component,
Figure BDA0002524401140000038
for non-line-of-sight path components, the line-of-sight path components are represented by a uniform linear array of channels, let aN(θ)＝[1,ej θ,…,ej(N-1)θ]，aM(θ)＝[1,ejθ,…,ej(M-1)θ]N and M are natural numbers, then
Figure BDA0002524401140000039
Figure BDA00025244011400000310
θAoA,1Representing the equivalent angle of incidence, θ, of the antenna at the intelligent reflectorAoD,1Representing the equivalent launch angle, theta, from the base station to the intelligent reflecting surfaceAoD,2Representing the equivalent emission angle, θ, of the intelligent reflecting surface to the userAoD,3Representing the equivalent transmission angle from the base station to the user,
Figure BDA00025244011400000311
each element in (a) follows a gaussian distribution with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1, and is independent of each other.
With the maximum traversal capacity as an objective, the following optimization problems need to be solved:
Figure BDA0002524401140000041
Figure BDA0002524401140000042
||f||2＝1
wherein the capacity is traversed
Figure BDA0002524401140000043
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002524401140000044
The optimization method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002524401140000045
v is decomposed by singular values of a matrix H-U ∑ VHIs obtained in which
Figure BDA0002524401140000046
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the design method of the wireless communication system based on the intelligent reflecting surface optimizes the precoding vector and the diagonal phase shift matrix by the joint design of the signal precoding of the base station and the phase coding of the intelligent reflecting surface with the aim of maximum traversal capacity so as to determine the signal received by the user. Therefore, the communication quality of the wireless communication system when the line-of-sight path is lost or bad can be greatly improved, and the defect of high energy consumption of the traditional relay is overcome.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a wireless communication system based on an intelligent reflector according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the convergence rate of the algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a performance comparison graph of the algorithm-optimized design and the random design according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a wireless communication system based on an intelligent reflector, which is composed of a base station Bs, an intelligent reflector LIS and a User. Wherein the base station Bs is provided with a large-scale uniform linear array comprising M antenna elements serving a single antenna subscriber, and an intelligent reflector comprising N reflector elements is set up between the base station Bs and the subscriber, wherein the reflector elements are arranged in the uniform linear array. In FIG. 1, f ∈ C1×MSatisfy | f tintas beamforming vector of base station2＝1；g∈C1×MIs a direct channel between the base station and the user, possibly blocked by obstacles; h1∈CN×MIs a channel between the base station and the intelligent reflecting surface; h is2∈C1×NIs a channel between the intelligent reflecting surface and a user; the transmitted signal is s, and E { | s-21. The signal r received by the user is then:
Figure BDA0002524401140000051
where P is the transmit power;
Figure BDA0002524401140000061
is a diagonal phase shift matrix of the intelligent reflecting surface, phinE [0,2 π) is the phase shift introduced by the nth reflection unit;
Figure BDA0002524401140000062
is complex gaussian noise; (.)HRepresents a conjugate transpose;
H1，h2and g is a Rice channel, and satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002524401140000063
Figure BDA0002524401140000064
Figure BDA0002524401140000065
wherein alpha isi,βiAre parameters of the rice channel and are,
Figure BDA0002524401140000066
in order to be a line-of-sight path component,
Figure BDA0002524401140000067
is a non-line-of-sight path component. Uniform linear array for line-of-sight path componentsChannel representation of the column, let aN(θ)＝[1,ejθ,…,ej(N-1)θ]Then, then
Figure BDA0002524401140000068
Figure BDA0002524401140000069
Figure BDA00025244011400000610
Each element in (a) follows a gaussian distribution with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1, and is independent of each other.
With the goal of maximizing traversal capacity, the following optimization problem [1] needs to be solved:
Figure BDA00025244011400000611
Figure BDA00025244011400000612
||f||2＝1
wherein the capacity is traversed
Figure BDA00025244011400000613
Is composed of
Figure BDA00025244011400000614
Then problem [1] can be approximated as the following problem [2 ]:
Figure BDA0002524401140000071
Figure BDA0002524401140000072
||f||2＝1
to solve the problem [2], first of all
Figure BDA0002524401140000073
Wherein x is1Is a constant; for i ═ 2, 3, 4, 5, E { xi0. And because of
Figure BDA0002524401140000074
And
Figure BDA0002524401140000075
the elements in (1) are all expected to be 0, and independently of each other, can result in:
Figure BDA0002524401140000076
it can be deduced that:
Figure BDA0002524401140000077
Figure BDA0002524401140000078
Figure BDA0002524401140000079
Figure BDA00025244011400000710
adding the above to obtain:
Figure BDA00025244011400000711
therefore, now, the problem [2] is equivalent to the following problem [3 ]:
Figure BDA00025244011400000712
Figure BDA00025244011400000713
||f||2＝1
in which can be found
Figure BDA0002524401140000081
Figure BDA0002524401140000082
Therefore, problem [3] is equivalent to problem [4 ]:
Figure BDA0002524401140000083
Figure BDA0002524401140000084
||f||2＝1
the problem is then solved [4] by an alternating iteration, i.e. phi and f are optimized alternately in an iterative process until convergence.
And (4) optimizing phi: when f is fixed, problem [4] becomes the following:
Figure BDA0002524401140000085
Figure BDA0002524401140000086
wherein a isM(θAoD,1)fHAnd
Figure BDA0002524401140000087
is a complex constant which is a function of the time,
Figure BDA0002524401140000088
thus, z (Φ) is a phase-tunable complex number whose mode has a maximum value of Nα2α1. Therefore, it is necessary to find a phi to maximize the modulus of z (phi) and let z (phi) aM(θAoD，1)fHAnd
Figure BDA0002524401140000091
with the same phase:
Figure BDA0002524401140000092
and f, optimization: when Φ is fixed, the problem [4] becomes the following problem:
Figure BDA0002524401140000093
st||f||2＝1
it is equivalent to
Figure BDA0002524401140000094
s.t.||f||2＝1
Wherein
Figure BDA0002524401140000095
This problem can be solved by singular value decomposition, H ═ U Σ VH(the singular values in Σ are arranged in descending order) and then can be obtained
fopt＝V(：，1)H
Where V (: 1) represents the first column of the matrix V.
Joint optimization of Φ and f: since both Φ and f are optimized, the overall problem [3] can be solved by an alternate iteration method, which comprises the following specific steps:
Figure BDA0002524401140000101
the performance effect of the intelligent reflector-based wireless communication system design method is proved by simulation results. The embodiment achieves the technical effects that:
fig. 2 shows the convergence rate of the alternating iterative algorithm proposed by the present invention, and the simulation conditions are as follows: order to
Figure BDA0002524401140000102
K1＝K2＝K g2, M32, N16, SNR 0dB, statistical averaging was performed with 10,000 monte carlo results. It can be seen that the algorithm can achieve convergence within 5 iterations, with high efficiency.
Fig. 3 is a performance comparison graph of an alternating iterative algorithm design and a random design, with the abscissa being the dimension of the intelligent reflecting surface and the ordinate being the achieved traversal capacity. The simulation conditions are as follows: order to
Figure BDA0002524401140000103
K1＝K2＝K g2, M64, SNR 0 dB. It can be seen that the proposed alternate iterative design method has a very high performance gain.
The design method of the wireless communication system based on the intelligent reflecting surface optimizes a precoding vector and a diagonal phase shift matrix by the joint design of signal precoding of a base station and phase coding of the intelligent reflecting surface with the aim of maximum traversal capacity so as to determine the signals received by a user. Therefore, the communication quality of the wireless communication system when the line-of-sight path is lost or bad can be greatly improved, and the defect of high energy consumption of the traditional relay is overcome.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, additions, equivalents, etc. made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A design method of a wireless communication system based on an intelligent reflecting surface comprises the steps that the wireless communication system comprises a base station, the intelligent reflecting surface and a user, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the base station is provided with M antennas, and signals are transmitted to users after being precoded by using the channel state information of the antennas;
the intelligent reflecting surface is provided with N reflecting units, and signals from the base station are reflected to a user after phase coding is carried out on the signals by utilizing channel state information of the reflecting units;
the method for jointly designing the signal precoding of the base station and the phase coding of the intelligent reflecting surface comprises the following steps:
the base station sends a signal s, and a user received signal r is:
Figure FDA0002524401130000011
where P is the transmit power of signal s; f is an element of C1×MIs a pre-coding vector of the base station and satisfies | | f | | non-calculation2＝1；g∈C1×MIs a channel between a base station and a user; h1∈CN×MIs a channel between the base station and the intelligent reflecting surface; h is2∈C1×NIs a channel between the intelligent reflecting surface and a user;
Figure FDA0002524401130000012
is a diagonal phase shift matrix of the intelligent reflecting surface, phinE [0,2 π) is the phase shift introduced by the nth reflection unit;
Figure FDA0002524401130000013
is complex gaussian noise, σ is the variance of gaussian noise; superscript H represents conjugate transpose; h1，h2G is the Rice channel;
and optimizing and updating a precoding vector f and a diagonal phase shift matrix phi to determine a user received signal r by taking the maximum traversal capacity as a target.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein H is H1，h2G satisfies:
Figure FDA0002524401130000021
Figure FDA0002524401130000022
Figure FDA0002524401130000023
wherein alpha is1,β1，α2,β2，α3,β3Are all parameters of the rice channel and,
Figure FDA0002524401130000024
in order to be a line-of-sight path component,
Figure FDA0002524401130000025
for non-line-of-sight path components, the line-of-sight path components are represented by a uniform linear array of channels, let aN(θ)＝[1,ejθ,…,ej(N -1)θ]，aM(θ)＝[1,ejθ,…,ej(M-1)θ]N and M are natural numbers, then
Figure FDA0002524401130000026
Figure FDA0002524401130000027
θAoA,1Representing the equivalent angle of incidence, θ, of the antenna at the intelligent reflectorAoD,1Representing the equivalent launch angle, theta, from the base station to the intelligent reflecting surfaceAoD,2Representing the equivalent emission angle, θ, of the intelligent reflecting surface to the userAoD,3Representing the equivalent transmission angle from the base station to the user,
Figure FDA0002524401130000028
each element in (a) follows a gaussian distribution with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1, and is independent of each other.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the following optimization problem [1] needs to be solved for maximum traversal capacity:
Figure FDA0002524401130000029
Figure FDA00025244011300000210
||f||2＝1
wherein the capacity is traversed
Figure FDA00025244011300000211
Is composed of
Figure FDA00025244011300000212
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the problem [1] can be approximated as the following problem [2 ]:
Figure FDA0002524401130000031
Figure FDA0002524401130000032
||f||2＝1
to solve the problem [2], first of all
Figure FDA0002524401130000033
Wherein x is1Is a constant; for i ═ 2, 3, 4, 5, E { xi0, again because
Figure FDA0002524401130000034
And
Figure FDA0002524401130000035
the elements in (1) are all expected to be 0, and independently of each other, can result in:
Figure FDA0002524401130000036
it can be deduced that:
Figure FDA0002524401130000037
Figure FDA0002524401130000038
Figure FDA0002524401130000039
Figure FDA00025244011300000310
adding the above to obtain:
Figure FDA00025244011300000311
5. a method for designing a wireless communication system based on intelligent reflecting surfaces as claimed in claim 4, wherein the problem [2] is now equivalent to the following problem [3 ]:
Figure FDA00025244011300000312
Figure FDA00025244011300000313
||f||2＝1
in which is found
Figure FDA0002524401130000041
Figure FDA0002524401130000042
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the problem [3] is equivalent to the problem [4 ]:
Figure FDA0002524401130000043
Figure FDA0002524401130000044
||f||2＝1
the problem is then solved [4] by an alternating iteration, i.e. phi and f are optimized alternately in an iterative process until convergence.
7. The intelligent reflector-based wireless communication system design method of claim 6, wherein Φ optimization: when f is fixed, problem [4] becomes the following:
Figure FDA0002524401130000045
Figure FDA0002524401130000046
wherein a isM(θAoD,1)fHAnd
Figure FDA0002524401130000047
is a complex constant which is a function of the time,
Figure FDA0002524401130000051
thus, z (Φ) is a phase-tunable complex number whose mode has a maximum value of N α2α1Therefore, it is necessary to find a phi to maximize the modulus of z (phi) and let z (phi) aM(θAoD,1)fHAnd
Figure FDA0002524401130000052
with the same phase:
Figure FDA0002524401130000053
and f, optimization: when Φ is fixed, the problem [4] becomes the following problem:
Figure FDA0002524401130000054
st||f||2＝1
it is equivalent to
Figure FDA0002524401130000055
s.t.||f||2＝1
Wherein
Figure FDA0002524401130000056
This problem can be solved by singular value decomposition, H ═ U ∑ VH(the singular values in Σ are arranged in descending order) and then can be obtained
fopt＝V(：，1)H
Where V (: 1) represents the first column of the matrix V.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the joint optimization of Φ and f comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002524401130000061
v is decomposed by singular values of a matrix H-U ∑ VHIs obtained in which
Figure FDA0002524401130000062
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