CN104639220B - A kind of signal receiving/transmission device and method using smart antenna - Google Patents
A kind of signal receiving/transmission device and method using smart antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of signal receiving/transmission device and method using smart antenna, it include: aerial array, including N number of antenna element, each antenna element is connect with M weighter, client spatial correlation matrix unit, determination are formed by the weighted network with M*N weighter；Weight vector solves unit, connect with client spatial correlation matrix unit, calculates weighted network weight matrix based on weighted network, for client, the weight vector of client is calculated according to weighted network weight matrix；The weight of high-gain dual polarized antenna is arranged using high-gain dual polarized antenna in broadcast wave bean shaping switch unit；The transposed matrix of weight vector is multiplied by business beam shaping switch unit with switching matrix, obtains business beam weight vector；Weighted network figuration unit, the weight in broadcast beam time slot based on high-gain dual polarized antenna realize broadcast wave bean shaping, realize business beam shaping based on business beam weight vector in business time-slot.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile communication technologies, particularly relate to a kind of signal receiving/transmission device and method using smart antenna.
Background technique
With universal, resource of the frequency spectrum as increasingly preciousness of mobile communication.Existing time division multiple acess (TDMA,
Time Division Multiple Access), frequency division multiple access (FDMA, Frequency Division Multiple
Access) or on the basis of CDMA (CDMA, Code Division Multiple Access) multiplex mode, smart antenna
(SA, Smart Antenna) technology introduces fourth dimension multiple access multiplexing mode-space division multiple access (SDMA, Space Division
Multiple Access) so that user is in identical time slot, identical frequency or identical address code, it still can be according to it
Spatial propagation path is distinguished, to exponentially extend the capacity of mobile communication system.
Smart antenna original name adaptive antenna array (AAA, Adaptive Antenna Array), is initially applied to thunder
It reaches, sonar and military aspect, it is main to complete space filtering and positioning, phased-array radar are a kind of better simply adaptive arrays
Column.With the development of mobile communication and the research to mobile communication radio wave propagation, networking technology, antenna theory etc., number
The processing capacity of signal chip is continuously improved, and adaptive antenna array starts for having the movement of complicated radio propagation environment logical
Letter.
Key technology one of of the smart antenna as TD-SCDMA, application level directly determine the excellent of TD network quality
It is bad.Smart antenna is substantially a kind of multi-antenna-unit system, can be by adjusting the excitation (also referred to as weight)-of each antenna element
Amplitude and phase realize that wave beam forming, wave beam forming are divided into so that antenna beam pattern shape becomes specified beams shape:
Business beam shaping, broadcast wave bean shaping；Business beam shaping is formed in business time-slot, and system is believed according to the position of user
Breath form multiple high-gain narrow beams, dynamically track multiple expectation users, in the receiving mode, from high-gain narrow beam it
Outer signal can be suppressed, and in the transmission mode, can make it is expected user's received signal power maximum, while shine narrow beam
The interference that the undesired user penetrated other than range is subject to is minimum.The application comparative maturity of current operation wave beam forming, it is such as wide
It is general to use EBB (feature decomposition figuration) algorithm and GOB (fixed beam figuration) algorithm；Broadcast wave bean shaping is then to pass through modification
The method of broadcast beam weight carries out the wave beam forming of broadcast beam.
For beam forming gain, it is narrow that large gain corresponds to lobe width, and it is wide that small gain corresponds to lobe width, it can be found that increasing
Benefit has a equalization point: lobe width is narrow, and user very fast for movement speed can not effectively be tracked, and lobe width is wide then
Receiving end gain cannot be effectively improved, the interference to other users cannot be effectively inhibited.
The prior art has the following problems: 8 antenna of smart antenna, broadcast beam width is 65 ° in TD-SCDMA system
When, broadcast wave bean shaping gain is 15dBi, and business beam shaping gain is 22dBi, due to business beam shaping and broadcast beam
Figuration difference is larger or inconsistent, the strong influence covering power and quality of TD-SCDMA network；If using dual polarization
High-gain aerial (65 °, 19dBi), although broadcast beam covering power can be promoted, business beam is not that smart antenna is assigned
Shape, and since TD-SCDMA with being multiplexed frequently, the interference in network increased.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of signal receiving/transmission devices and method using smart antenna, solve
In the prior art, business beam shaping and broadcast wave bean shaping difference are larger or inconsistent, strong influence TD-SCDMA net
The covering power of network and the defect of quality realize the consistency between business beam shaping and broadcast wave bean shaping.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of signal receiving/transmission device using smart antenna,
It include: aerial array, including N number of antenna element, each antenna element is connect with M weighter, client space correlation square
Array element is formed by the weighted network with M*N weighter for determination；Weight vector solves unit, with client's end spaces
Correlation matrix unit connection, for calculating weighted network weight matrix W based on the weighted network, for client k, according to institute
State the weight vector W that weighted network weight matrix W calculates client k(k)；Broadcast wave bean shaping switch unit, for using high-gain
The weight of the high-gain dual polarized antenna is arranged in dual polarized antenna；Business beam shaping switch unit is used for weight vector W(k)Transposed matrix W(k)TWith switching matrix DnIt is multiplied, obtains business beam weight vector Dn*W(k)T；Weighted network figuration unit, with
Broadcast wave bean shaping switch unit, the connection of business beam shaping switch unit, for being based on the height in broadcast beam time slot
The weight of gain bipolar antenna realizes broadcast wave bean shaping, and business beam weight vector D is based in business time-slotn*W(k)TIt realizes
Business beam shaping.
In the device, N 8 includes 6 unit smart antennas and 2 unit high-gain dual polarized antennas.
In the device, client spatial correlation matrix unit includes matrix construction module；Matrix construction module, is used for
Weighted network is determined according to the following formula；The signal that antenna array receiver is indicated using matrix X (t) is indicated using matrix W (t)
Weighted network, indicates the signal of aerial array output using matrix Y (t), and there are relationship Y between the outputting and inputting of aerial array
(t)=W (t) X (t),
In the device, client spatial correlation matrix unit is connect with channel estimating unit, channel estimating unit with
M weighter of corresponding antenna element connects；Channel estimating unit receives signal X (t) and each client for establishing
Originally transmitted signal between relationship, comprising: the originally transmitted signal of each client is sm(t), m=1 ..., M, it is each
Originally transmitted signal sm(t) radio channel response undergone is h(m,n)(t), m=1 ..., M, n=1 ..., N, for the antenna
N-th of antenna element in array, the relationship received between signal X (t) and originally transmitted signal areThe input signal x of antenna array receivern(t);N=1 ..., N is multiple
The multipath signal superposition of client is formed by；Each originally transmitted signal has correlation in the channel response of different antennae unit
Property,
Wherein,Indicate that the corresponding direction vector of the angle of arrival, direction vector reflect different antennae unit
Between because caused by signal propagation distance is different related coefficient,Indicate the angle of arrival of the l articles multipath of client m,It indicates using single antenna reception, the radio channel response of the l articles multipath experience of client m.
In the device, it includes: weight vector computing module that weight vector, which solves unit, for what is exported according to aerial array
Signal Y (t) should be equal or close to the originally transmitted signal S (t) of client, calculate the weighted network of weighted network W (t)
Weight matrix W.
In the device, it includes: eigenvector algorithm module that weight vector, which solves unit, for obtaining signal space association side
Poor matrix Rs；Obtain interference and spatial noise covariance matrix Rn；
Operation is executed to weighted network W (t)A weight vector W is found based on maximum power criterion(k), weight vector W(k)So that above-mentioned formula reaches maximum valueThen weight vector W(k)It is letter
Number space covariance matrix RsThe corresponding characteristic vector of maximum eigenvalue；Wherein, () * indicates the conjugation of complex vector, () H
Indicate the conjugate transposition of vector matrix.
A kind of signal transmit-receive method using smart antenna, applied to the device with aerial array, aerial array includes N
A antenna element, each antenna element are connect with M weighter, and method, which comprises determining that, to be formed by with M*N weighter
Weighted network；Weighted network weight matrix W is calculated based on the weighted network, is calculated according to the weighted network weight matrix W
The weight vector W of client k out(k)；For broadcast wave bean shaping, the weight of the high-gain dual polarized antenna is set；For business
Wave beam forming, by weight vector W(k)Transposed matrix W(k)TWith switching matrix DnIt is multiplied, obtains business beam weight vector Dn*W(k)T；
Weight in broadcast beam time slot based on the high-gain dual polarized antenna realizes broadcast wave bean shaping, the base in business time-slot
Business beam shaping is realized in the business beam weight vector.
In the method, N 8 includes high-gain dual polarized antenna described in 6 unit smart antennas and Unit 2.
In the method, weighted network weight matrix W is calculated based on the weighted network and is specifically included: using matrix X
(t) signal for indicating antenna array receiver indicates weighted network using matrix W (t), indicates that aerial array is defeated using matrix Y (t)
Signal out, there are relationships: Y (t)=W (t) * X (t) between the outputting and inputting of aerial array,
The originally transmitted signal of each client is sm(t), m=1 ..., M, each originally transmitted signal sm(t) it undergoes
Radio channel response is h(m,n)(t), m=1 ..., M, n=1 ..., N connect n-th of antenna element in the aerial array
Relationship between collection of letters X (t) and originally transmitted signal isAerial array
Received input signal xn(t), n=1 ..., N is that the multipath signal superposition of multiple client is formed by；It is each originally transmitted
Signal has correlation in the channel response of different antennae unit,
Wherein,Indicate that the corresponding direction vector of the angle of arrival, direction vector reflect different antennae unit
Between because caused by signal propagation distance is different related coefficient,Indicate the angle of arrival of the l articles multipath of client m,It indicates using single antenna reception, the radio channel response of the l articles multipath experience of client m；According to antenna
The signal Y (t) of array output should be equal or close to the originally transmitted signal S (t) of client, calculate weighted network W (t)
Weighted network weight matrix W.
In the method, the weight vector W of client k is calculated according to the weighted network weight matrix W(k)It specifically includes: obtaining
The number of winning the confidence space covariance matrix Rs；Obtain interference and spatial noise covariance matrix Rn；Operation is executed to weighted network W (t)A weight vector W is found based on maximum power criterion(k), weight vector W(k)So that above-mentioned formula reaches maximum
ValueThen weight vector W(k)It is signal space covariance matrix RsMaximum eigenvalue it is corresponding
Characteristic vector；Wherein, () * indicates the conjugation of complex vector, and () H indicates the conjugate transposition of vector matrix.
The advantageous effects of the above technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: using dual polarization high-gain in time slot broadcast beam
Antenna (65 °, 19dBi) uses 6 unit intelligent antenna figuration 21dBi in business time-slot business beam, to reach broadcast beam
Gain is 19dBi, and business beam shaping is the effect of 21dBi, improves the covering power of TD network and the quality of network.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the weighted network schematic diagrames of smart antenna；
Fig. 2 indicates a kind of structural schematic diagram of signal receiving/transmission device using smart antenna；
Fig. 3 indicates time slot and business time-slot relation schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 indicates the antenna array structure schematic diagram of 8 antenna elements；
Fig. 5 indicates a kind of method flow schematic diagram of signal receiving/transmission device using smart antenna.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
Smart antenna is a kind of array antenna being made of mutiple antennas unit, by adjusting adding for each antenna element signal
Amplitude and phase are weighed to change the antenna radiation pattern of array, to inhibit to interfere, improve signal interference ratio, in a broad sense, smart antenna
Technology is the matched technology of optimal spatial for antenna and communication environments and user and base station.
As shown in Figure 1, weighted network is made of N number of antenna element, each antenna element has M set weighter (corresponding M use
Family), the wave beam of M different directions can be formed, number of users M can be greater than antenna element number N.In receive process, each day
Line is followed by a weighter, i.e., multiplied by a coefficient, coefficient is usually plural number, not only the amplitude of accommodation but also has adjusted phase；Or connect one
A delay tap weighted network (identical as time domain FIR equalizer in structure), in general, these weighting coefficients can with appropriately change,
Adaptive adjustment, is finally merged with adder, to complete airspace filter or Combined Treatment spatially and temporally.
In emission process, weighter or weighted network are placed in front of antenna, and no adder merges.
Since TD-SCDMA link budget downlink bottleneck is mainly broadcast beam Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH),
Uplink bottleneck is mainly ascending pilot frequency physical channel (UPPCH), in the embodiment of the present invention, is based on intelligent antenna business beam figuration
The notable difference of gain and broadcast wave bean shaping gain realizes the consistency of business beam shaping and broadcast wave bean shaping.
N number of antenna element,
Each antenna element is connect with M weighter, and M*N weighter forms weighted network；
The signal of antenna array receiver indicates that weighted network is indicated using matrix W (t), aerial array using matrix X (t)
Output indicates that there are relationships between the outputting and inputting of smart antenna with matrix Y (t):
Y (t)=W (t) X (t) formula 1
Formula 2
To each coefficient in weighted networkIt is adjusted, so that each output letter
Number ym(t), m=1 ..., M is exported according to desired target；
In mobile communication system, the input signal (x of antenna array receivern(t);N=1 ..., N) it is usually multiple use
The superposition of the multipath signal at family.The originally transmitted signal of user is sm(t);The wireless channel of m=1 ..., M, each user's experience are rung
It should be h(m,n)(t), m=1 ..., M, n=1 ..., N, then, the originally transmitted signal of the input signal of aerial array and each user
Between relationship can be expressed as
Formula 3
For smart antenna, because the distance between antenna element is close, about 0.5 times of carrier wavelength, so that every user
Channel response on different antennas has correlation, i.e.,
Formula 4
Wherein,Indicate the angle of arrival of the l articles multipath of m-th of user,Indicate that the angle of arrival is corresponding
Direction vector, it reflects between different antennae unit the related coefficient because caused by signal propagation distance is different,Table
Show using single antenna reception, the radio channel response of the l articles multipath experience of m-th of user.
Intelligent antenna technology realizes the space filtering to each user, to separate by adjusting above-mentioned each weight
Each user and the transmission signal for restoring each user, that is, so that output function is equal to or as far as possible close to the original hair of user
The number of delivering letters is expressed as with mathematical formulae
ym(t)=sm(t), m=1 ..., M formula 5
According to the different-effect that output signal after weighed value adjusting reaches, the application of intelligent antenna technology is roughly divided into following two
Class: first is that maximum power ratio merges；Second is that wave beam forming.Maximum power ratio merges the space diversity effect for primarily serving signal,
It is more suitable for the higher situation of signal interference ratio.And the effect that wave beam forming then primarily serves tracking user, inhibits interference, it is more suitable for
The angle of arrival of the unknown and each user of signal interference ratio can be completely separable situation.
The forming algorithm of smart antenna specifically includes that
GOB (Grid Of Beam) algorithm, also known as beam scanning method (is joined using the airspace of channel based on parameter model
Number) algorithm, make base station realize downlink directional transmissions.The basic ideas of GOB algorithm:
Entire space is divided into L region, and one initial angle is set for each region.With the initial angle of each region
The direction vector of degree is weighting coefficient, calculates received signal power, then finds the corresponding region of maximum power, then by the region
Initial angle as estimation angle of arrival.The characteristics of using uplink and downlink channel symmetry, determine figuration angle.
EBB (Eigenvalue Based Beamforming) algorithm, also known as characteristic vector method: it is expected that user is received
Signal-to-noise ratio maximize be criterion, obtain optimal weight of downgoing emission, the weight of downgoing emission be signal covariance matrix most
The corresponding characteristic vector of big characteristic value.Weight vector is obtained by carrying out the decomposition of characteristic value to spatial correlation matrix.Realization side
Method is to find the weight vector W of k-th of user(k), so that WOPTIt is maximum.
Formula 6
Wherein, () * indicates the conjugation of complex vector, and () H indicates the conjugate transposition of vector matrix, quasi- based on maximum power
Target then is to find a weight vectors formula 2 is made to reach maximum value:
WOPTIt is meant that one weight vectors W of goal seeking based on maximum power criterion(k)So that formula 6) reach most
Big value.RsIndicate signal space covariance matrix, RnInterference and spatial noise covariance matrix are indicated, by the relevant knowledge of matrix
Know, makes the maximum W of formula 6(k)Solution be it is unique, i.e., optimal weight vector is signal space covariance matrix RsMaximum it is special
The corresponding characteristic vector of value indicative.
To solve the problems, such as business beam shaping (business time-slot) and broadcast wave bean shaping (time slot) consistency, it is based on
The notable difference of intelligent antenna business beam gain and broadcast beam gain is high using dual polarization during broadcast wave bean shaping
Gain antenna, business beam shaping use 6 unit intelligent antenna figuration (business time-slot) 21dBi in the process.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of signal receiving/transmission device using smart antenna, as shown in Figure 2, comprising:
Aerial array, including N number of antenna element, each antenna element are connect with M weighter,
Client spatial correlation matrix unit is formed by the weighted network with M*N weighter for determination；
Weight vector solves unit, connect with client spatial correlation matrix unit, for being calculated based on the weighted network
Weighted network weight matrix W out calculates the weight vector W of client k according to the weighted network weight matrix W for client k(k)；
High-gain dual polarization day is arranged for using high-gain dual polarized antenna in broadcast wave bean shaping switch unit
The weight of line；
Business beam shaping switch unit is used for weight vector W(k)Transposed matrix W(k)TWith switching matrix DnIt is multiplied, obtains
To business beam weight vector Dn*W(k)T；
Weighted network figuration unit connect with broadcast wave bean shaping switch unit, business beam shaping switch unit, is used for
Weight in broadcast beam time slot based on the high-gain dual polarized antenna realizes broadcast wave bean shaping, the base in business time-slot
In the business beam weight vector Dn*W(k)TRealize business beam shaping.
Technology provided by Application Example technical solution, as shown in figure 3, using dual polarization in time slot broadcast beam
High-gain aerial (65 °, 19dBi) uses 6 unit intelligent antenna figuration 21dBi in business time-slot business beam, to reach wide
Broadcasting beam gain is 19dBi, and business beam shaping is the effect of 21dBi, improves the covering power of TD network and the matter of network
Amount.
In a preferred embodiment, double comprising 6 unit smart antennas and 2 unit high-gains as shown in figure 4, N is 8
Poliarizing antenna.
Determine that being formed by the weighted network with M*N weighter refers to, it is specific to determine that weighted network include
Component, in the embodiment of the present invention, weighted network includes M*N weighter.
In a preferred embodiment, client spatial correlation matrix unit includes matrix construction module；
Matrix construction module, is used for
The signal of antenna array receiver is indicated using matrix X (t),
Weighted network is indicated using matrix W (t),
The signal of aerial array output is indicated using matrix Y (t),
There are relationships: Y (t)=W (t) X (t) formula 1 between the outputting and inputting of aerial array
Formula 2.
To each coefficient in weighted networkAdjustment, so that each output function
(ym(t);M=1 ..., M) it is exported according to desired target；In mobile communication system, the input signal (x of antenna array receivern
(t);N=1 ..., N) be usually multiple users multipath signal superposition.
In a preferred embodiment, client spatial correlation matrix unit is connect with channel estimating unit, channel estimation
Unit is connect with M weighter of corresponding antenna element；
Channel estimating unit, for establishing the pass received between signal X (t) and the originally transmitted signal of each client
System, comprising:
The originally transmitted signal of each client is sm(t), m=1 ..., M,
Each originally transmitted signal sm(t) radio channel response undergone is h(m,n)(t), m=1 ..., M, n=1 ..., N,
For n-th of antenna element in the aerial array, the relationship between signal X (t) and originally transmitted signal is received
It is:Formula 3
The input signal x of antenna array receivern(t);N=1 ..., N is that the multipath signal superposition of multiple client is formed
's；
Each originally transmitted signal has correlation in the channel response of different antennae unit,
Formula 4
Wherein,Indicate the corresponding direction vector of the angle of arrival, direction vector reflect different antennae unit it
Between because caused by signal propagation distance is different related coefficient,Indicate the angle of arrival of the l articles multipath of client m,
It indicates using single antenna reception, the radio channel response of the l articles multipath experience of client m.
In a preferred embodiment, weight vector solution unit includes:
Weight vector computing module, the signal Y (t) for being exported according to aerial array should be equal or close to client
Originally transmitted signal S (t) calculates the weighted network weight matrix W of weighted network W (t).
Intelligent antenna technology realizes the space filtering to each user, to separate by adjusting above-mentioned each weight
Each user and the transmission signal for restoring each user, that is, so that output function is equal to or as far as possible close to the original hair of user
The number of delivering letters, mathematical formulae are ym(t)=sm(t), m=1 ..., M formula 5
In a preferred embodiment, weight vector solution unit includes:
Eigenvector algorithm module, for obtaining signal space covariance matrix Rs；
Obtain interference and spatial noise covariance matrix Rn；
Operation is executed to weighted network W (t)
A weight vector W is found based on maximum power criterion(k), weight vector W(k)So that above-mentioned formula reaches maximum valueFormula 6
Then weight vector W(k)It is signal space covariance matrix RsThe corresponding characteristic vector of maximum eigenvalue；Wherein, () *
Indicate the conjugation of complex vector, () H indicates the conjugate transposition of vector matrix.
According to the different-effect that output signal after weighed value adjusting reaches, the application of intelligent antenna technology is roughly divided into following two
Class: first is that maximum power ratio merges；Second is that wave beam forming.Maximum power ratio merges the space diversity effect for primarily serving signal,
It is more suitable for the higher situation of signal interference ratio.And the effect that wave beam forming then primarily serves tracking user, inhibits interference, it is more suitable for
The angle of arrival of the unknown and each user of signal interference ratio can be completely separable situation.
In an application scenarios, TD composite intelligent antenna is as shown in Figure 4, comprising: 6 unit smart antenna of dual polarization and 2
Unit high-gain aerial.
TD combined intelligent antenna is made of 6 unit smart antenna of dual polarization and 2 unit high-gain dual polarized antennas.It is double
Polarization smart antenna port 1,2；3,4；5,6；For original 6 port smart antenna, port 7,8 is high-gain smart antenna.
Broadcast wave bean shaping (time slot) switching is arranged with high-gain dual polarized antenna (65 °, 19dBi) weight Wk: wide
Broadcasting wave beam forming is switching high-gain dual polarized antenna (65 °, 19dBi) in broadcast beam time slot.Setting switching is increased with high
Beneficial dual polarized antenna weight Wk so that broadcast wave bean shaping (time slot) switch in high-gain dual polarized antenna (65 °,
On 19dBi).
In order to ensure broadcast beam gain increases to 19dBi from 15dBi, joined port 7,8 is high-gain dual polarization day
Line.And innovated in the setting of dual-polarization intelligent antenna broadcast beam wave beam weight, so that the directional diagram of broadcast beam switches
For dual polarization high-gain aerial 19dBi, in order to make broadcast beam using dual polarization high-gain aerial, the weight Wk of broadcast beam is set
It sets: port 1,2；3,4；5,6 amplitude and phase are set as 0, and port 7,8 amplitudes are set as 1, and phase is set as 0.
Business beam shaping (business time-slot) is that 6 unit smart antenna of switching dual polarization is calculated in business beam time slot
Method:
Pass through EBB (Eigenvalue Based Beamforming) algorithm-characteristic vector method: by space correlation square
The decomposition that battle array carries out characteristic value obtains weight vector.Implementation method is to find the weight vector W of k-th of user(k)T, acquire k-th
The weight vector W of user(k),
Find out maximum characteristic vector W(k)T, it is being multiplied by switching matrix
N=8, are 8 ports, and () T indicates the transposition of vector (matrix).
By multiplying switching selection matrix DnObtain business beam weight vector Dn*W(k)TFormula 7
So that business time-slot work is on 6 unit smart antenna of dual polarization, k is the power of k-th of customer service wave beam forming
Value.
It is 19dBi, business beam shaping that TD system broadcasts wave beam forming (time slot) gain, which may be implemented, in above-mentioned technology
(business time-slot) 21dBi or so, in this way, promoting network broadcast channel covering power 4dB.
Provided technology can be equally used in TD-LTE system.TD-LTE system and TD-SCDMA system are all the time-divisions
The frame structure of system and network is closely similar, and the problem that TD-SCDMA covering is insufficient, TD-LTE is equally existed, therefore can equally be used
In TD-LTE system.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of signal transmit-receive method using smart antenna, applied to the dress with aerial array
It sets, aerial array includes N number of antenna element, each antenna element is connect with M weighter, as shown in figure 5, method includes:
Step 501, determination is formed by the weighted network with M*N weighter；
Step 502, weighted network weight matrix W is calculated based on the weighted network, according to the weighted network weight matrix W
Calculate the weight vector W of client k(k)；
Step 503, for broadcast wave bean shaping, the weight of the high-gain dual polarized antenna is set；For business beam
Figuration, by weight vector W(k)Transposed matrix W(k)TWith switching matrix DnIt is multiplied, obtains business beam weight vector Dn*W(k)T；
Step 504, the weight in broadcast beam time slot based on the high-gain dual polarized antenna realizes that broadcast beam is assigned
Shape realizes business beam shaping based on the business beam weight vector in business time-slot.
In a preferred embodiment, 8 N include high-gain dual polarization day described in 6 unit smart antennas and Unit 2
Line.
In a preferred embodiment, weighted network weight matrix W is calculated based on the weighted network to specifically include: using
Matrix X (t) indicates the signal of antenna array receiver,
Weighted network is indicated using matrix W (t),
The signal of aerial array output is indicated using matrix Y (t),
There are relationship Y (t)=W (t) X (t) formula 1 between the outputting and inputting of aerial array
Formula 2
The originally transmitted signal of each client is sm(t), m=1 ..., M,
Each originally transmitted signal sm(t) radio channel response undergone is h(m,n)(t), m=1 ..., M, n=1 ..., N,
For n-th of antenna element in the aerial array, the relationship between signal X (t) and originally transmitted signal is received
It isFormula 3
The input signal x of antenna array receivern(t);N=1 ..., N is that the multipath signal superposition of multiple client is formed
's；
Each originally transmitted signal has correlation in the channel response of different antennae unit,
Formula 4
Wherein,Indicate the corresponding direction vector of the angle of arrival, direction vector reflect different antennae unit it
Between because caused by signal propagation distance is different related coefficient,Indicate the angle of arrival of the l articles multipath of client m,
It indicates using single antenna reception, the radio channel response of the l articles multipath experience of client m；
The originally transmitted signal S (t) of client, meter should be equal or close to according to the signal Y (t) of aerial array output
Calculate the weighted network weight matrix W of weighted network W (t).
In a preferred embodiment, the weight vector W of client k is calculated according to the weighted network weight matrix W(k)Tool
Body includes:
Obtain signal space covariance matrix Rs；
Obtain interference and spatial noise covariance matrix Rn；
Operation is executed to weighted network W (t)
A weight vector W is found based on maximum power criterion(k)T, weight vector W(k)TSo that above-mentioned formula reaches maximum valueFormula 6
Then weight vector W(k)It is signal space covariance matrix RsThe corresponding characteristic vector of maximum eigenvalue；Wherein, () *
Indicate the conjugation of complex vector, () H indicates the conjugate transposition of vector matrix.
Be using the advantage after this programme: broadcast wave bean shaping is that be switched to high-gain in broadcast beam time slot bipolar
Change antenna (65 °, 19dBi) and carry out broadcast beam, business beam shaping is to be switched to 6 unit intelligence of dual polarization in business beam time slot
Can antenna, this compensate for general unit 8 and 6 unit broadcast beam of smart antenna and business beam gain it is inconsistent-broadcast beam
The shortcomings that figuration gain is 15dBi, business beam shaping 21dBi.Pass through the computation-intensive city of COST231 propagation model, link
In the case of budget promotes 4dB, base station coverage distance is from 0.27KM promotion to 0.36KM, under identical covering index, with 200 squares of public affairs
For the product of the inside, base station number drops to 594 from 1056, reduces nearly 1 times.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of signal receiving/transmission device using smart antenna characterized by comprising
Aerial array, including N number of antenna element, each antenna element are connect with M weighter,
Client spatial correlation matrix unit is formed by the weighted network with M*N weighter for determination；
Weight vector solves unit, connect with client spatial correlation matrix unit, adds for being calculated based on the weighted network
Power network weight matrix W calculates the weight vector W of client k according to the weighted network weight matrix W for client k(k), packet
It includes: finding the weight vector W of k-th of user(k), so thatIt is maximum, wherein () * indicates multiple
The conjugation of number vector, () H indicate that the conjugate transposition of vector matrix, the target based on maximum power criterion are to find a weighting
Vector makes between the outputting and inputting of aerial array that there are the formula corresponding to relationship to reach maximum value；WOPTIt is meant that base
In one weight vector W of goal seeking of maximum power criterion(k)So that WOPTReach maximum value；RsIndicate signal space covariance square
Battle array, RnIt indicates interference and spatial noise covariance matrix, also, makes WOPTReach the W of maximum value(k)Solution be it is unique, this
Solution is that optimal weight vector is signal space covariance matrix RsThe corresponding characteristic vector of maximum eigenvalue；
The high-gain dual polarized antenna is arranged for using high-gain dual polarized antenna in broadcast wave bean shaping switch unit
Weight；
Business beam shaping switch unit is used for weight vector W(k)Transposed matrix W(k)TWith switching matrix DnIt is multiplied, obtains industry
Be engaged in wave beam weight vector Dn*W(k)T；Wherein, switching matrixIt is 8 ports,
() T indicates the transposition of vector (matrix)；
Weighted network figuration unit is connect with broadcast wave bean shaping switch unit, business beam shaping switch unit, for wide
It broadcasts the weight in wave beam time slot based on the high-gain dual polarized antenna and realizes broadcast wave bean shaping, institute is based in business time-slot
State business beam weight vector Dn*W(k)TRealize business beam shaping；
N is 8, includes 6 unit smart antennas and 2 unit high-gain dual polarized antennas.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that client spatial correlation matrix unit includes matrix construction mould
Block；
Matrix construction module, for determining weighted network according to the following formula；
The signal of antenna array receiver is indicated using matrix X (t),
Weighted network is indicated using matrix W (t),
The signal of aerial array output is indicated using matrix Y (t),
There are relationship Y (t)=W (t) X (t) between the outputting and inputting of aerial array
3. the apparatus of claim 2, which is characterized in that client spatial correlation matrix unit and channel estimating unit
Connection, channel estimating unit are connect with M weighter of corresponding antenna element；
Channel estimating unit, for establishing the relationship received between signal X (t) and the originally transmitted signal of each client, packet
It includes:
The originally transmitted signal of each client is sm(t), m=1 ..., M,
Each originally transmitted signal sm(t) radio channel response undergone is h(m,n)(t), m=1 ..., M, n=1 ..., N,
For n-th of antenna element in the aerial array, the relationship received between signal X (t) and originally transmitted signal is
The input signal x of antenna array receivern(t)；N=1 ..., N is that the multipath signal superposition of multiple client is formed by；
Each originally transmitted signal has correlation in the channel response of different antennae unit,
Wherein,Indicate the angle of arrival of the l articles multipath of client m,Indicate the corresponding direction of the angle of arrival
Vector, direction vector reflect between different antennae unit the related coefficient because caused by signal propagation distance is different,It indicates
Using single antenna reception, the radio channel response of the l articles multipath experience of client m, client m is indicated m-th
Client.
4. device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that weight vector solves unit and includes:
Weight vector computing module, the signal Y (t) for being exported according to aerial array should be equal or close to the original of client
It sends signal S (t), calculates the weighted network weight matrix W of weighted network W (t).
5. device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that weight vector solves unit and includes:
Eigenvector algorithm module, for obtaining signal space covariance matrix Rs；
Obtain interference and spatial noise covariance matrix Rn；
Operation is executed to weighted network W (t)
A weight vector W is found based on maximum power criterion(k), weight vector W(k)So that above-mentioned formula reaches maximum value
Then weight vector W(k)It is signal space covariance matrix RsThe corresponding characteristic vector of maximum eigenvalue；Wherein, () * is indicated
The conjugation of complex vector, () H indicate the conjugate transposition of vector matrix.
6. a kind of signal transmit-receive method using smart antenna, which is characterized in that applied to the device with aerial array, antenna
Array includes N number of antenna element, each antenna element is connect with M weighter, and method includes:
Determination is formed by the weighted network with M*N weighter；
Weighted network weight matrix W is calculated based on the weighted network, client is calculated according to the weighted network weight matrix W
The weight vector W of k(k), comprising: find the weight vector W of k-th of user(k), so thatMaximum,
Wherein, () * indicates the conjugation of complex vector, and () H indicates the conjugate transposition of vector matrix, the target based on maximum power criterion
It is to find a weight vectors to make between the outputting and inputting of aerial array that there are the formula corresponding to relationship to reach maximum value；
WOPTIt is meant that one weight vector W of goal seeking based on maximum power criterion(k)So that WOPTReach maximum value；RsIndicate letter
Number space covariance matrix, RnIt indicates interference and spatial noise covariance matrix, also, makes WOPTReach the W of maximum value(k)Solution
It is that uniquely, this solution is that optimal weight vector is signal space covariance matrix RsThe corresponding characteristic vector of maximum eigenvalue；
For broadcast wave bean shaping, the weight of high-gain dual polarized antenna is set；For business beam shaping, by weight vector W(k)
Transposed matrix W(k)TWith switching matrix DnIt is multiplied, obtains business beam weight vector Dn*W(k)T；Switching matrixIt is 8 ports, () T indicates the transposition of vector (matrix)；
Weight in broadcast beam time slot based on the high-gain dual polarized antenna realizes broadcast wave bean shaping, in business time-slot
In based on the business beam weight vector realize business beam shaping；
N is 8, includes high-gain dual polarized antenna described in 6 unit smart antennas and Unit 2.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, calculating weighted network weight matrix based on the weighted network
W is specifically included:
The signal of antenna array receiver is indicated using matrix X (t),
Weighted network is indicated using matrix W (t),
The signal of aerial array output is indicated using matrix Y (t),
There are relationships: Y (t)=W (t) * X (t) between the outputting and inputting of aerial array,
The originally transmitted signal of each client is sm(t), m=1 ..., M,
Each originally transmitted signal sm(t) radio channel response undergone is h(m,n)(t), m=1 ... M, n=1 ..., N,
For n-th of antenna element in the aerial array, the relationship received between signal X (t) and originally transmitted signal is
The input signal x of antenna array receivern(t), n=1 ..., N is that the multipath signal superposition of multiple client is formed by；
Each originally transmitted signal has correlation in the channel response of different antennae unit,
Wherein,Indicate the angle of arrival of the l articles multipath of client m,Indicate the corresponding direction of the angle of arrival
Vector, direction vector reflect between different antennae unit the related coefficient because caused by signal propagation distance is different,Table
Show using single antenna reception, the radio channel response of the l articles multipath experience of client m, client m indicates m
A client；
The originally transmitted signal S (t) of client should be equal or close to according to the signal Y (t) of aerial array output, calculated
The weighted network weight matrix W of weighted network W (t).
8. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, calculating client k according to the weighted network weight matrix W
Weight vector W(k)It specifically includes:
Obtain signal space covariance matrix Rs；
Obtain interference and spatial noise covariance matrix Rn；
Operation is executed to weighted network W (t)
A weight vector W is found based on maximum power criterion(k), weight vector W(k)So that above-mentioned formula reaches maximum value
Then weight vector W(k)It is signal space covariance matrix RsThe corresponding characteristic vector of maximum eigenvalue；Wherein, () * is indicated
The conjugation of complex vector, () H indicate the conjugate transposition of vector matrix.
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| CN101674120A (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-17 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Method and device for forming multiuser wave beam |
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