CN111814391A - Cultural relic and ancient building protection method based on artificial intelligence technology - Google Patents
Cultural relic and ancient building protection method based on artificial intelligence technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultural relic and ancient building protection method based on an artificial intelligence technology, which comprises the following steps: s1) data acquisition and analysis; s2) model construction: constructing a plurality of simple historical relic ancient building models with reduced proportions, wherein the historical relic ancient building models have the same characteristics B as the historical relic ancient building characteristics A; s3) climate simulation; s4) carrying out the climate simulation test in the step 2 on a plurality of historical building models to obtain a plurality of historical time span data required for damaging the characteristics B of the historical building models; s5) calculating the average value of the historical time span data obtained in the step 3, so that the period of the overall protective repair cultural relic ancient building characteristic A is smaller than the average value. The antique building protection method based on the artificial intelligence technology can roughly predict the time of the antique building to be damaged, so that the antique building can be reinforced and repaired in advance in a preventive manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultural relic protection, in particular to a cultural relic ancient building protection method based on an artificial intelligence technology.
Background
The historic building is a direct bearing body of building art and culture, but the historic building gradually breaks through the invasion of years as time goes on, and the damages are greatly shown on the surface layer of the structure, such as cracks, shortness, peeling, inclination, hollowing and the like. In the past, the damage to the surface layer of the historic building is mainly detected by an artificial method, namely, the work is finished by visual inspection and by means of professional equipment. However, manual methods are inefficient and require strong expertise and experience factors. In addition, the protection of the historical relic and ancient building is to repair the historical relic and ancient building after damage occurs, and the time when the damage occurs to the historical relic and ancient building cannot be determined, so that the preventive and reinforcing repair before the damage occurs to the historical relic and ancient building cannot be determined.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for protecting an ancient cultural relic building based on an artificial intelligence technology, which can roughly predict the time when the ancient cultural relic building will be damaged, so as to perform preventive reinforcement and repair on the ancient cultural relic building in advance.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
a cultural relic and ancient building protection method based on artificial intelligence technology comprises the following steps:
s1) data collection and analysis: collecting data of the characteristic A of the historical relic and ancient building to be protected; shooting a large number of images related to the characteristic A in a shooting mode, and classifying the images of the characteristic A as a training set in a manual mode; training the training set sample by using a convolutional neural network to obtain a classifier for identifying the damage;
s2) model construction: constructing a plurality of simple historical relic ancient building models with reduced proportions, wherein the historical relic ancient building models have the same characteristics B as the historical relic ancient building characteristics A;
s3) climate simulation: acquiring meteorological data of a certain meteorological factor of the area where the historical relic and ancient building are located in the past year from a meteorological department, simulating a climate environment corresponding to a past historical period by a weather simulation device, acting the simulated climate environment on the historical architecture model in a doubling and accelerating manner, acquiring a group of image data of a feature B on the historical architecture model at intervals, automatically detecting whether the feature B is damaged in the image data of the feature B by using the classifier obtained in the step 1 in a machine learning manner when acquiring the image data of one feature B, if the characteristic B is damaged, recording the historical time span from the corresponding historical time when the simulated climate environment starts to act on the historical building model of the cultural relic to the corresponding historical time when the characteristic B is damaged on the historical building model of the cultural relic;
s4) carrying out the climate simulation test in the step 2 on a plurality of historical building models to obtain a plurality of historical time span data required for damaging the characteristics B of the historical building models;
s5) calculating the average value of the historical time span data obtained in the step 3, so that the period of the overall protective repair cultural relic ancient building characteristic A is smaller than the average value.
Preferably, the data of the features a and B is one of wall surface image data, wood surface image data or surface colored drawing data of the historical relic ancient building.
Preferably, the features a and B are brick walls, the data of the features a is image data of the surface layer of the brick wall, and the image of the brick wall is divided into four categories of "undamaged", "peeled", "shortenin" and "cracked" as a training set in a manual manner in step 1.
Preferably, the features a and B are wood, the data of the features a is wood surface image data, and the wood image is manually classified into three categories of "undamaged", "fine cracks" and "severe cracks" as a training set in step 1.
Preferably, the meteorological data is one of wind power data, temperature change data and rainfall data.
Preferably, in step 3, temperature change data of the area where the antique building is located over the years is obtained from a meteorological department, and according to the temperature change data, a temperature environment corresponding to the past historical period is simulated through a meteorological simulation device, and the meteorological simulation device can adopt a temperature control device with refrigeration and heating functions to apply the simulated temperature change environment to the antique building model in a doubling and accelerating manner.
Preferably, the doubling and acceleration mode specifically adopts the following modes: 1) temperature doubling: multiplying the temperature value within one year by 1.2-1.5 times to form doubled temperature change data; 2) the doubled temperature change data within one year is simulated by using a fast-playing speed of 12-24 times.
Preferably, in step 3, wind power change data of the area where the historical relic and historic building are located over the years are obtained from a meteorological department, and wind power corresponding to the past historical period is simulated through a meteorological simulation device according to the wind power change data, wherein the meteorological simulation device can adopt a fan with a power regulation function to enable the simulated wind power change environment to act on the historical relic and historic building model in an acceleration mode.
Preferably, the doubling and acceleration mode specifically adopts the following modes: 1) wind power doubling: multiplying the wind power value within one year by 1.2-1.5 times to form doubled wind power change data; 2) the wind power change data doubled within one year is simulated by using a fast-playing speed of 12-24 times.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the cultural relic ancient building protection method based on the artificial intelligence technology, the artificial intelligence technology is adopted to analyze the characteristic A of the cultural relic ancient building, the damaged part of the cultural relic ancient building can be automatically identified, and the technical problem that the damage detection efficiency is low by adopting a manual method in the prior art is solved.
2) The antique building protection method based on the artificial intelligence technology can roughly predict the time of the antique building to be damaged, so that the antique building can be reinforced and repaired in advance in a preventive manner.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to specific experiments:
example 1 protection method of antique ancient building brick wall
S1) data collection and analysis: acquiring image data of a brick wall surface layer of a historical relic and ancient building to be protected, and performing field acquisition by adopting a high-precision vision sensor, wherein the image takes pixels as units, the width of the wall brick image is 600 pixels, and the height of the wall brick image is 200 pixels; collecting more than 5000 images of the surface layer of the brick wall; dividing the images of the brick wall into four types of 'undamaged', 'peeled', 'crisp alkali' and 'crack' as training sets by using a manual mode, wherein each type of image is more than 1000; training the training set sample by using a convolutional neural network or a BP neural network to obtain a classifier for identifying the damage;
s2) model construction: constructing a plurality of simple historical relic ancient building models with reduced proportions, wherein the historical relic ancient building models are provided with brick wall surface layers of historical relic ancient buildings; specifically, the method comprises the steps of firstly analyzing the material of the material used by the historical relic ancient building brick wall, for example, analyzing the attribute information such as the structural strength, the material adhesion and the like of the brick wall brick, and imitating the historical relic ancient building brick wall model with the same attribute according to the attribute information, wherein the area of the brick wall model is less than 2 square meters;
s3) climate simulation: the temperature change data of the area where the historical relic and ancient building are located over the years are obtained from a meteorological department, according to the temperature change data, the temperature environment corresponding to the past historical period is simulated through a meteorological simulation device, the meteorological simulation device adopts a temperature control device with the functions of refrigeration and heating, and the simulated temperature change environment acts on the brick wall model of the historical relic and ancient building in a doubling and accelerating mode. The doubling and acceleration mode specifically adopts the following modes: 1) temperature doubling: multiplying the temperature value within one year by 1.3 times to form doubled temperature change data, wherein the temperature change is 10-25 ℃ in 5, 4 and 4 days in 2018, and the temperature change is 13-32.5 ℃; 2) the doubled temperature change data within one year is simulated with a 15-fold fast-playing speed.
Acquiring a group of image data of a brick wall surface layer on the historical architecture model at intervals, automatically detecting whether the brick wall surface layer image data of the model is damaged or not by using the classifier acquired in the step 1 in a machine learning mode when the group of image data of the brick wall surface layer is acquired, and recording historical time span from the corresponding historical time when the simulated climate environment starts to act on the historical architecture model to the corresponding historical time when the brick wall surface layer is damaged on the historical architecture model if the brick wall surface layer of the model is damaged; for example: the corresponding historical time of 2018, 1 month and 1 day when the simulated climatic environment starts to act on the historical relic ancient building model is recorded, and the corresponding historical time of 2019, 5 months and 1 day when the surface layer of the brick wall on the historical relic ancient building model is damaged is recorded, so that the historical time span is 4 months, and the historical relic ancient building is subjected to preventive repair within 4 months in the future so as to avoid the damage of the historical relic.
S4) adopting climate data of different historical periods, and simultaneously carrying out the climate simulation test in the step 2 on a plurality of historical building models to obtain a plurality of historical time span data required for damaging the surface layers of the brick walls of the historical building models; the above steps are to make the predicted historical time span data more accurate.
S5) calculating the average value of the historical time span data obtained in the step 3, so that the period of the overall protective repair cultural relic ancient building characteristic A is smaller than the average value.
Example 2 method for repairing brick wall of historical relic and ancient building
(1) The lime water on the surface of the blue brick wall is cleaned, the original clean water brick wall is recovered,
(2) the grey brick uses the old grey brick as much as possible, and when the new grey brick is really needed to be used, the new brick must be the same as the original brick in specification and have the same color.
(3) The mortar mainly used in the maintenance is as follows:
lime mortar (more than 1: 1 and 1: 3), wherein 1: 3, taking lime mortar as decorative mortar for the wall surface; 1: 1. 1: 2, taking lime mortar as mortar for building; when the position and the environment of the mortar body are wet, the mortar proportion is 1: 2; the general case then uses 1: 1. the sand for building mortar is fine sand, and the mud content of the sand is not more than 5%. The mortar is lime paste cured by quick lime, a filter screen with the pore diameter not more than 3mmx3mm is used for filtering before curing, the curing time cannot be less than 7 days, measures for preventing drying, freezing and pollution are taken for the lime paste in a sedimentation tank, and the dehydrated and hardened lime paste is forbidden.
Lime grass rib mortar (used for wrapping the ridge on the tile surface), lime grass rib mortar: straw 100: 4, the straw is cut up, and after stirring for several days, the straw can be used after being softened. The lime used is quicklime, and the wine is repeatedly and uniformly poured into powder by water, and then the powder passes through a 3mm multiplied by 3mm screen.
Thirdly, lime paper reinforcement mortar (used for repairing ridge and grey sculpture): pugging the straw paper into paper pulp by water, and stirring the paper pulp in ash: the paper web is 100: 6. the lime is prepared by adding water into quicklime, stirring into slurry, sieving and swelling.
Fourthly, lime-wool rib mortar (used for repairing lime sculpture and lime-plastic): and (3) doping the plaster into the fine-processed cotton velvet, uniformly mixing, and plastering: cotton is 100: 3. the lime is lime paste formed by slaking quick lime.
Example 3 protection method of cultural relics ancient architecture woodwork
S1) data collection and analysis: acquiring image data of a wood surface layer of a historical relic and ancient building to be protected, and performing field acquisition by adopting a high-precision vision sensor, wherein the image takes pixels as units, the width of a wall brick image is 600 pixels, and the height of the wall brick image is 200 pixels; collecting more than 5000 images of the surface layer of the brick wall; dividing the images of the wood into three types of 'undamaged', 'fine cracks' and 'severe cracks' as training sets by using a manual mode, wherein each type of image is more than 1000; training the training set sample by using a convolutional neural network or a BP neural network to obtain a classifier for identifying the damage;
s2) model construction: constructing a plurality of simple historical relic ancient building models with reduced proportions, wherein the historical relic ancient building models are provided with wood of historical relic ancient buildings; specifically, firstly, analyzing the attributes of wood used for the brick walls of the historical relic ancient buildings, such as analyzing the attribute information of the wood material, the structural strength of the wood, the water content of the wood and the like, and imitating the historical relic ancient building wood model with the same attributes according to the attribute information;
s3) climate simulation: the temperature change data and the humidity change data of the area where the antique building is located over the years are obtained from a meteorological department, according to the temperature and humidity change data, the temperature environment corresponding to the past historical period is simulated through a meteorological simulation device, the meteorological simulation device comprises a temperature control device and a humidity adjusting device with the refrigerating and heating functions, and the simulated temperature and humidity change environment acts on the antique building wood model in a doubling and accelerating mode.
Acquiring a group of image data of a wood surface layer on the historical architecture model at intervals, automatically detecting whether the wood surface layer image data of the model is damaged or not by using the classifier acquired in the step 1 in a machine learning mode when the group of image data of the wood surface layer is acquired, and recording historical time span from corresponding historical time when the simulated climate environment starts to act on the historical architecture model to corresponding historical time when the wood surface layer is damaged on the historical architecture model if the wood surface layer of the model is damaged;
s4) adopting climate data of different historical periods, and simultaneously carrying out the climate simulation test in the step 2 on a plurality of historical building models to obtain a plurality of historical time span data required for damaging the surface layers of the brick walls of the historical building models; the above steps are to make the predicted historical time span data more accurate.
S5) calculating the average value of the plurality of historical time span data obtained in the step 3, so that the period of the whole protective repair cultural relic ancient building woodwork is smaller than the average value.
Example 4 method for repairing cultural relics and ancient architecture woodwork
(1) Standard requirements for wood work
The wood defect value adopted in construction meets the relevant material selection standards of 'design code of wood structure' (GB 50005-2017) and 'maintenance and reinforcement technical code of ancient building wood structure' (GB 50165-1992).
When the wood member is manufactured, the moisture content of the wood meets the requirements of relevant specifications, the wood is prepared in advance and is stacked in a material preparation shed in a centralized manner for natural air drying.
(2) Wood material
During construction, the company adopts wood consistent with the originally used wood as far as possible, and the bearing component and the decorative component are repaired and repaired by adopting the pineapple lattice in consideration of the durability of the wood.
(3) Maintenance of column, beam, purlin
After the tile surface is uncovered, arranging a professional to perform one-time examination on all the wood components, accurately mastering the damage condition of each wood component, adopting a corresponding maintenance method according to relevant regulations, and well recording the field damage condition.
The maintenance of the columns and beams and the processing and manufacture of the replaced wooden members are described below.
1) Column
When the water column has crack and its depth is not greater than 1/3 of column diameter, it is repaired by embedding method.
And secondly, when the width of the crack is not more than 3mm, tightly plastering the crack by using putty and then painting the crack with white paint.
And thirdly, when the width of the crack is 3-30 mm, the same wood strips are used for embedding and repairing, and the crack is firmly bonded by epoxy resin.
And fourthly, when the width of the crack is larger than 30mm, adding 2-3 iron hoops in the cracking section of the column except for filling and bonding by adopting a batten, and if the crack is longer, keeping the hoop distance from being larger than 500 mm.
2) Beam
The problems of the beam are solved in the following way.
a. When the crack depth (if the crack on the opposite side exists, the sum of the crack depth and the crack on the opposite side is taken) is smaller than 1/4 of the beam width or the beam diameter, the repair is carried out by adopting an embedding method, namely, the filling wood strips are bonded by epoxy resin and then reinforced by more than two iron hoops or glass fiber reinforced plastic hoops.
b. When the crack depth (the sum of the two cracks) is larger than 1/4 of the beam width or the beam diameter, the crack can be replaced when the crack cannot meet the requirement through mechanical calculation; if the requirement can be met, the reinforcement is carried out according to the method in the a.
c. When the beam core is intact, only the surface is rotten, and the ratio of the rotten area to the cross-sectional area is less than 1/8, the rotten part is proposed, the same wood is processed according to the original shape, and the same wood is adhered and supplemented by epoxy resin, and if the ratio of the rotten area to the cross-sectional area is more than 1/8, the beam core can not meet the requirement through mechanical calculation, the beam core is replaced; when the requirements can be met, the reinforcement treatment is carried out according to the method.
d. When the beam is downwarped and the middle part of the bottom of the beam is cracked, the beam can be overturned and installed according to the actual situation of a construction site, and the beam is kept for continuous use; if cracks are found, the device can be replaced.
Secondly, the head of the angle beam sags and decays or the tail of the beam is warped or split, and the treatment is carried out according to the following method.
a. When the rotten part of the beam head is larger than the overhanging length 1/5, the beam head should be replaced.
b. When the rotten part of the beam head is less than the overhanging length of 1/5, the rotten part can be removed and supplemented, coordination is added, a new beam head is added, and the lap joint adopts tenon-and-mortise butt joint and is bonded by epoxy resin.
c. When the beam tail is split, the beam tail can be reinforced by gluing and an iron hoop, and iron pieces are used at the lap joint of the beam tail and the purline or the column, so that the screw connection is firm.
3) Processing and manufacturing method for replacing wood component
Wood column: the column body is round, straight and smooth, has no obvious flaw, and is straight and smooth when the hole is drilled and the tenon is opened, and flowing and elegant.
Wood beam: the surface is smooth and straight. The lines such as the central line of the beam, the horizontal line and the like are straight, the beam body has no obvious flaw, the carving cover of the flower beam head is smooth, and the curve is smooth.
Wood purlin: the surface is flat and straight without ridges. The central line and the edge line of the square column are straight and clear, and the tenon is regular and has no flaws.
Wood purlin: the purlins are flat, round and straight, the two ends of the purlin diameter are consistent, the purlins are not provided with scabs, the installation of the adjacent purlins is basically consistent, the length of the purlins is straight and straight, and the height of the purlins is basically consistent.
Oary plate, fly rafters: the production method is square, straight and straight, the two ends are consistent in size, no obvious flaw exists, and the nail is firm.
Claims (9)
1. A cultural relic and ancient building protection method based on artificial intelligence technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1) data collection and analysis: collecting data of the characteristic A of the historical relic and ancient building to be protected; shooting a large number of images related to the characteristic A in a shooting mode, and classifying the images of the characteristic A as a training set in a manual mode; training the training set sample by using a convolutional neural network to obtain a classifier for identifying the damage;
s2) model construction: constructing a plurality of simple historical relic ancient building models with reduced proportions, wherein the historical relic ancient building models have the same characteristics B as the historical relic ancient building characteristics A;
s3) climate simulation: acquiring meteorological data of a certain meteorological factor of the area where the historical relic and ancient building are located in the past year from a meteorological department, simulating a climate environment corresponding to a past historical period by a weather simulation device, acting the simulated climate environment on the historical architecture model in a doubling and accelerating manner, acquiring a group of image data of a feature B on the historical architecture model at intervals, automatically detecting whether the feature B is damaged in the image data of the feature B by using the classifier obtained in the step 1 in a machine learning manner when acquiring the image data of one feature B, if the characteristic B is damaged, recording the historical time span from the corresponding historical time when the simulated climate environment starts to act on the historical building model of the cultural relic to the corresponding historical time when the characteristic B is damaged on the historical building model of the cultural relic;
s4) carrying out the climate simulation test in the step 2 on a plurality of historical building models to obtain a plurality of historical time span data required for damaging the characteristics B of the historical building models;
s5) calculating the average value of the historical time span data obtained in the step 3, so that the period of the overall protective repair cultural relic ancient building characteristic A is smaller than the average value.
2. The cultural relic and ancient building protection method based on the artificial intelligence technology as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the data of the characteristic A and the characteristic B is one of wall surface image data, wood surface image data or surface colored drawing data of the historical relic ancient building.
3. The method for protecting historical relic and ancient building based on artificial intelligence technology as claimed in claim 2, wherein the characteristic A and the characteristic B are brick walls, the data of the characteristic A is the image data of the surface layer of the brick walls, and the image of the brick walls is divided into four types of 'undamaged', 'peeled', 'shortenings' and 'cracks' in step 1 in an artificial way as a training set.
4. The method for protecting the historic building of the cultural relic based on the artificial intelligence technology as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feature A and the feature B are wood, the data of the feature A is the image data of the surface layer of the wood, and the image of the wood is manually divided into three types of 'undamaged', 'fine cracks' and 'severe cracks' in step 1 as a training set.
5. The method for protecting the historical relics and ancient buildings based on the artificial intelligence technology, according to the claim 1, wherein the meteorological data is one or more combination of wind power data, temperature change data, humidity change data and rainfall data.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step 3, the temperature variation data of the historical cultural relic building over the years is obtained from the meteorological department, and the temperature environment corresponding to the past historical period is simulated by the meteorological simulator according to the temperature variation data, and the meteorological simulator can adopt a temperature control device with cooling and heating functions to apply the simulated temperature variation environment to the historical cultural relic building model in a doubling and accelerating manner.
7. The method for protecting the antique building based on the artificial intelligence technology, according to claim 6, is characterized in that the doubling and acceleration mode specifically adopts the following modes: 1) temperature doubling: multiplying the temperature value within one year by 1.2-1.5 times to form doubled temperature change data; 2) the doubled temperature change data within one year is simulated by using a fast-playing speed of 12-24 times.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step 3, wind force variation data of the historical building over the years in the area of the historical building is obtained from a meteorological department, and wind force corresponding to the past historical period is simulated by a meteorological simulation device according to the wind force variation data, and the meteorological simulation device can adopt a fan with a power regulation function to apply the simulated wind force variation environment to the historical building model in an accelerated manner.
9. The method for protecting the antique building based on the artificial intelligence technology, according to claim 5, is characterized in that the doubling and acceleration mode specifically adopts the following modes: 1) wind power doubling: multiplying the wind power value within one year by 1.2-1.5 times to form doubled wind power change data; 2) the wind power change data doubled within one year is simulated by using a fast-playing speed of 12-24 times.
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