CN111802476A

CN111802476A - Milk powder for improving sleep quality of children and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111802476A
Application number: CN202010729616.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贺军辉
Original assignee: Hunan Yibei Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Yibei Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-27
Filing date: 2020-07-27
Publication date: 2020-10-23

Abstract

The invention provides milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children, which aims at the nutritional requirements of children of 3-15 years old in the growth process, provides reasonable contents of protein, vitamins, taurine, calcium, ferrum, zinc and soluble dietary fibers required by the growth of the children, is beneficial to the healthy growth of the children and promotes the increase of the height of the children, and has strong frankincense, unique fragrance of Chinese dates and spina date seeds, good taste, good dissolving property and easy absorption. Meanwhile, the milk powder provided by the invention contains the spina date seed powder, the Chinese date powder and the yam powder, and the three interact with each other to comprehensively condition organs such as heart, brain, liver, spleen, stomach and the like, so that the excitability of the nervous system of children is reduced, and the effects of synergistic sedation, tranquilization and sleep aiding are achieved. The milk powder provided by the invention can help children to quickly sleep through the combined action of the components, so that the deep sleep time is prolonged, the continuity of deep sleep is ensured, the waking times in the sleep process are reduced, and the sleep quality of the children is effectively improved.

Description

Milk powder for improving sleep quality of children and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of children milk powder, and particularly relates to milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Children are in the growth and development stage, the metabolism is vigorous, and in addition to ensuring the normal updating of self cells, new cell tissues are required to be continuously formed to achieve the growth and the change of physical constitutions. In this stage, nutrients are needed to be taken in enough quantity to ensure the normal development of the body growth and development, so that the promotion of the children's nutritional health level is an important aspect of improving the population quality of the whole population and is an important strategy choice for maintaining the long-term sustainable development of the economy in China.

With the increasing pace of life, the pressure of children in all aspects is increasing, the growth of minors is also confronted with the troubles of long-term mental stress, too heavy learning burden, partial household environment discomfort and the like, and the factors also easily cause the nervous excitability of children to be increased, so that the sleep quality of the children is reduced. The sleep is an important physiological process for human body recovery and adjustment, 1/3 time is spent in sleep in a life of a human, the proportion of sleep time of children is larger, and for the children, the quality of sleep is directly related to the physical and mental development and the psychological health growth of the children. Milk has slowly become a necessity on the dining table of each household as a nutritional supplement. Especially people in cities at all ages have a habit of drinking milk. Milk contains most of the nutrients required by the human body, but is not comprehensive. In the prior art, the milk powder for children pays attention to the daily required nutrition of the children, but ignores the problems of poor sleep quality and growth and development retardation of part of children caused by improper diet or poor nutrition absorption in the growth process.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the children growth milk powder aiming at the nutritional requirements of children by combining with the dietary guidelines of Chinese residents, and the milk powder provided by the invention not only meets the nutritional requirements of the growth and development of children, supplements the nutrients which are not enough to be taken by the children in normal diet, but also can improve the sleeping quality of the children and ensure the normal growth and development of the children.

The invention aims to provide milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children.

The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children provided by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:

275-500 parts of whole milk powder, 200-325 parts of desalted whey powder, 40-100 parts of solid corn syrup, 80-200 parts of concentrated whey protein powder, 20-160 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.5-6 parts of docosahexaenoic acid, 1-8 parts of arachidonic acid, 1-10 parts of hydrolyzed yolk powder, 0.1-5 parts of lutein, 0.05-5 parts of lactoferrin, 0.1-5 parts of yam powder, 0.1-5 parts of coix seed powder, 0.1-5 parts of Chinese date powder, 0.1-5 parts of wild jujube seed powder, 0.1-2 parts of bifidobacterium lactis and 7.5-22.5 parts of a nutrition enhancer.

The milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight:

275-500 parts of whole milk powder, 200-325 parts of desalted whey powder, 40-100 parts of solid corn syrup, 80-200 parts of concentrated whey protein powder, 20-160 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.5-6 parts of docosahexaenoic acid, 1-8 parts of arachidonic acid, 1-10 parts of hydrolyzed yolk powder, 0.1-5 parts of phosphatidylserine, 0.1-5 parts of lutein, 0.05-5 parts of lactoferrin, 0.1-5 parts of yam powder, 0.1-5 parts of coix seed powder, 0.1-5 parts of Chinese date powder, 0.1-5 parts of wild jujube kernel powder, 0.1-2 parts of bifidobacterium lactis and 7.5-22.5 parts of nutrition enhancer.

425 parts of whole milk powder, 325 parts of desalted whey powder, 95 parts of solid corn syrup, 90 parts of concentrated whey protein powder, 40 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 2.6 parts of docosahexaenoic acid, 2.6 parts of arachidonic acid, 2 parts of hydrolyzed yolk powder, 0.5 part of phosphatidylserine, 0.5 part of lutein, 0.1 part of lactoferrin, 0.5 part of yam powder, 0.5 part of coix seed powder, 0.5 part of Chinese date powder, 0.5 part of wild jujube seed powder, 0.1 part of bifidobacterium lactis and 15 parts of nutrition enhancer.

The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children provided by the invention is based on a dietary guideline for preschool children after 3 years old and a dietary guideline for teenagers of Chinese children before 15 years old in a dietary guideline for specific groups in Chinese resident, and contains reasonable contents of protein, vitamins, taurine, calcium, iron and zinc required by the growth of children aiming at the nutritional requirements of the children of 3 to 15 years old in the growth process, so that the milk powder is beneficial to the healthy growth of the children and promotes the increase of the height of the children; meanwhile, the milk powder provided by the invention contains the wild jujube kernel powder, the jujube powder and the yam powder, and the three interact with each other to achieve the effects of synergistically tranquilizing, soothing the nerves and helping sleep. The milk powder provided by the invention can reduce the excitability of the nervous system of the children, help the children to quickly sleep, prolong the deep sleep time and effectively improve the sleep quality of the children.

The inventor finds that the solubility of the milk powder is an important influence factor of the absorbability in the research and development process, and the milk powder provided by the invention has good reconstitution performance and is easy to be absorbed by children. The milk powder obtained by the invention is creamy yellow, has no impurities, has strong unique fragrance of frankincense, Chinese dates and spina date seeds, has no peculiar smell such as stimulation and rancidity, has good reconstitution property, is rich in vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, taurine, calcium, iron and zinc, contains a large amount of soluble dietary fibers, and meets the standard requirements on sensory evaluation and physicochemical indexes of the product.

The child milk powder provided by the invention has good reconstitution property and is easy to be absorbed by children, and the components in the child milk powder can effectively prolong the sleeping time of the children and improve the sleeping quality of the children through interaction; the good sleep quality and the sufficient nutrition ensure the sufficient secretion of the growth hormone of the children and promote the growth of the height of the children. The children milk powder provided by the invention is also beneficial to the increase of the height of children.

For ease of understanding, the present invention provides the following explanations.

D90 desalted whey powder: the desalted whey powder is easy to absorb and digest, and has the effects of improving immunity, resisting fatigue, strengthening physique, helping body detoxify, improving sleep and the like.

Concentrated whey protein powder: the concentrated whey protein powder can enhance the immune function; is beneficial to the health of the cardiovascular system; is beneficial to strengthening muscles, enhancing physical strength and improving exercise effect; the spirit and the appearance are improved, and the work and learning efficiency is improved; strengthening the bone; is beneficial to maintaining the optimal weight; providing high-quality protein for lactose intolerance and casein and gluten allergy patients; reducing skin wrinkles and photoaging, and promoting wound healing.

Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) is a natural active substance, belongs to a special component of soluble dietary fiber, is a carbohydrate which cannot be digested by intestinal digestive enzymes, and can promote the increase of the number of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and the like in intestinal flora; inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria; improving intestinal micro-ecology; enhancing the immune system; promoting mineral absorption; improving constipation; protecting teeth; a low heat energy value; controlling blood sugar; reducing blood fat; can increase the expression of brain nerve cell trophic factor, has good protection effect on corticosterone induced neuron damage, and has good antidepressant effect.

The solid corn syrup is prepared from high-quality corn starch through multiple enzyme hydrolyzations, is a colorless, transparent and sticky liquid, has clear and transparent plastid, mild and pure taste, low sweetness and malt fragrance, has the advantages of high boiling temperature, low freezing point, crystallization resistance and the like, and adds fresh and sweet taste to milk powder.

The hydrolyzed yolk powder is developed by taking yolk as a raw material through repeated extraction, enzymolysis and refining processes. The hydrolyzed egg yolk powder can enhance osteoblast activity, promote bone calcification, and inhibit osteoclast activity, so as to maintain a good metabolic balance of bone. The calcium supplement is used together with vitamin D and calcium to promote the skeletal development of children and help children grow tall.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), commonly known as NAOHUANGJIN, is an unsaturated fatty acid which is very important to human body, and DHA is a main component for the growth and maintenance of nervous system cells, is an important constituent of brain and retina, has a content of 20% in human cerebral cortex and a proportion of about 50% in retina of eyes, and is very important for the intelligence and vision development of infants. DHA can promote the brain development of children, improve the cognitive ability and improve the happiness index of children; promoting the body development of children and ensuring the healthy constitution of children; the vision development of children is ensured, and the visual defects of the children are reduced; supporting the immune development of children and improving the health of the respiratory system of children; improve the mental health of children and reduce the violence tendency of children.

Arachidonic Acid (AA) belongs to the n-6 series of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). AA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is most abundant and widely distributed in mammals and is present mainly in the form of phospholipids in the organs, muscles and blood, especially in the brain and nervous tissues of mammals. It is widely distributed in human body. It generally accounts for 40% -50% of polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain and nerve tissues, and up to 70% higher than nerve endings, and is an essential substance for brain function and retinal development. As an important structural lipid component, AA exists in a cell membrane in the form of phospholipid and plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane and regulating the plasticity, permeability and fluidity of the membrane. AA has unique biological activity in the aspects of resisting lipid oxidation, promoting brain tissue development and the like, and can enhance the immunity of children, improve the growth and development of the children and help the brain tissue development of the children. The research of the inventor finds that the effect of using AA and DHA at the same time is better according to a certain proportion (2-4: 1-2).

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an acidic phospholipid that is widely distributed but in small amounts in animals, higher plants and microorganisms. PS is mainly located in the intrinsic lobule of the cell membrane, accounts for 10% -20% of the total phospholipid of the cell membrane bilayer, is up to 70% in the nervous tissue and plays an important role. The nerve cell membrane contains a large amount of PS, which plays an important role in the maintenance, repair and function of nerve cells. The major functions of the PS on the central nervous system include: stimulating dopamine release, increasing the production of neurotransmitter acetylcholine, enhancing brain glucose metabolism, reducing the level of hydrocortisone, enhancing the activity of nerve growth factor, etc. The research of the invention shows that the supplementary PS can increase the learning ability of children; the emotion of the children is improved; enhance the memory and attention of children.

Lutein, namely carotenoid, carotin, phytoxanthin, corpus luteum, marigold flower element, phytoxanthin and the like, is an absorbable nutrient when people eat fruits and vegetables in daily life, but the absorption and utilization rate is generally low. Lutein, as an antioxidant, inhibits the activity of reactive oxygen species and prevents their destruction on normal cells. The only carotenoids detectable in the eye are lutein and zeaxanthin esters, the main physiological functions of lutein on the eye being as antioxidant and photoprotection. Therefore, lutein has a role in the development and protection of children's eyes.

Bifidobacterium lactis is a bifidobacterium strain, and bifidobacterium is an important beneficial microorganism in intestinal tracts. Has biological barrier, nutrition, immunity enhancing, and gastrointestinal function improving effects. The Bifidobacterium lactis can produce lactic acid and acetic acid after fermentation in children intestine, and has effects of improving utilization rate of mineral elements such as calcium and iron, and promoting absorption of iron and vitamin D. The bifidobacterium ferments lactose to produce galactose, which is a component forming cerebroside in the cranial nerve system and promotes the rapid growth of the hindbrain of children. The Bifidobacterium can produce vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B12, and essential nutrients such as alanine, valine, aspartic acid and threonine, and has important nutrition effect for human body.

Lactoferrin is a natural, immunologically functional glycoprotein, evolved from transferrin, and is present in breast milk and cow milk. It is a second most abundant protein in breast milk and accounts for 10% of the protein in normal breast milk. Lactoferrin is also contained in milk of pigs, horses, buffalos, goats, mice and the like, but commercially used lactoferrin is generally extracted from cow milk of cows. Lactoferrin has the functions of promoting iron absorption, regulating immunity, inhibiting bacteria and viruses, blocking oxygen free radicals, avoiding stimulating intestines and stomach, promoting growth of bifidobacteria and the like. Is used together with Bifidobacterium lactis to promote intestinal health.

The yam is tuber of dioscorea of perennial root sprawlia of dioscoreaceae, contains protein, saccharide, vitamin, fat, choline, amylase and other components, and also contains iodine, calcium, iron, phosphorus and other inorganic salts and trace elements which are indispensable to human body, and contains enough fiber, and can generate satiety after being eaten, thereby controlling eating desire. Secondly, yam is a high-nutrition and low-calorie food. Amylase, polyphenol oxidase and other substances contained in the Chinese yam are beneficial to the digestion and absorption of the spleen and stomach. The Chinese yam powder contains a large amount of mucin and a plurality of natural saponins, and the two substances have certain curative effects on moistening lung and relieving cough and have good improving and conditioning effects on patients with chronic cough and lung yin deficiency. The yam flour contains a large amount of protein trace elements and can play a role in preventing blood fat from precipitating on the vascular wall.

The jujube is mature fruit of deciduous shrub or small arbor jujube tree of Rhamnaceae, and modern medicine proves that jujube pulp contains higher flavone (EGB), Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (CAMP), Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (CGMP) and other substances which have very important effects on preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancers; vc rich in the red dates has a strong active oxygen resisting function; the content of Vp is the crown of fruits and vegetables, and Vp has good effects of maintaining normal permeability of capillary vessels, improving microcirculation, promoting accumulation of Vc in human bodies and the like; in addition, the red jujube polysaccharide has obvious antibody activity and the function of promoting the proliferation of lymphocytes, and has important function of improving the immunity of organisms.

The semen Ziziphi Spinosae is dry mature seed of Zizyphus jujube of Rhamnaceae. The semen Ziziphi Spinosae has effects of nourishing liver, calming heart, arresting sweating, and promoting fluid production. The wild jujube seed contains about 32% of fatty oil, and the oil contains 8 fatty acids: 4.85% of palmitic acid, 2.19% of stearic acid, 43.96% of oleic acid, 44.23% of linoleic acid, 0.32% of linolenic acid, 0.98% of arachidic acid, 2.84% of arachidic acid and 0.91% of sweet potato acid. The wild jujube kernel oil contained in the wild jujube seeds is the main effective component for tranquilizing and hypnotizing.

Some children have the problems of poor sleep and impatience caused by the factors of over-mental stress, over-heavy learning burden, poor performance and the like, and the reasons for the problems are not limited to the factors and are generally the result of the combined action of a plurality of factors. The milk powder provided by the invention can provide nutrition and energy for the growth of children, ensure the physical health of the children, comprehensively condition organs such as heart, brain, liver, spleen, stomach and the like through the Chinese yam, the Chinese date and the spina date seed, and particularly improve the blood supply of the heart, reduce the excitability of nerves and play roles in calming the nerves, tranquilizing the mind and helping sleep.

Coix seed is also called as coix seed, and contains protein, fatty acid, carbohydrate, sugar and a small amount of vitamin B1. The protein amino acids contain leucine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, etc. Coix seed further comprises coixol, coixol ester, coixolide, beta-sitosterol, and a triterpene compound. Is rich in calcium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and other trace elements essential to human body.

Taurine (Taurine), also known as beta-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a sulfur-containing, non-proteinogenic amino acid that exists in the body in a free state and does not participate in the biosynthesis of proteins in the body. Taurine, although not involved in protein synthesis, is closely related to the metabolism of cystine and cysteine. The cysteine sulfite Carboxylase (CSAD) activity of the taurine synthesized by human body is lower, and the taurine in the food is mainly taken to meet the needs of the human body. The taurine has rich and widely distributed content in brain, can obviously promote the growth and development of nervous system and the proliferation and differentiation of cells, is dose-dependent, and plays an important role in the development process of brain nerve cells. Taurine can promote pituitary hormone secretion and activate pancreatic function, thereby improving the state of endocrine system of organism and beneficially regulating organism metabolism; and has effects in enhancing immunity and relieving fatigue. The taurine can improve the memory function, and the supplement of a proper amount of taurine not only can improve the learning and memory speed, but also can improve the accuracy of learning and memory, and has a certain effect on the anti-aging of a nervous system. The taurine has obvious effect of preventing and treating iron-deficiency anemia, can promote the absorption of iron by intestinal tracts, and can also increase the stability of erythrocyte membranes; taurine is also a growth promoting factor of bifidobacteria in human intestinal tracts, and optimizes the structure of the bacterial flora in the intestinal tracts. And taurine can improve nerve conduction and visual function, and maintain sharp vision after eating more.

Preferably, the whole milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children is one of whole goat milk powder, whole yak milk powder, whole camel milk powder and whole horse milk powder. Further preferably, the whole milk powder is whole goat milk powder.

The invention takes whole milk powder as the raw material of the basis, the whole milk powder adopted by the invention is preferably whole goat milk powder, the whole goat milk powder is processed by fresh goat milk, the whole goat milk powder contains rich nutrient substances which are easy to be absorbed by human bodies, the fat particles of the goat milk are only about one third of the fat particles of the goat milk, and the nutrition is easy to be absorbed by children.

Preferably, the desalted whey powder is D90 desalted whey powder. D90 desalted whey powder is whey powder which is pasteurized, is desalted without any preservative by a physical separation technology, is cryoconcentrated and is spray-dried to prepare fresh whey, the ash content of the fresh whey powder is lower than 1.2 percent, the protein content of the D90 desalted whey powder is higher than 12 percent, the lactose content is 80 percent, the fat content is lower than 1.25 percent, the moisture content is lower than 3.5 percent, and the ash content is lower than 1.2 percent, the addition of the D90 desalted whey powder can improve the content of whey protein in the milk powder, and adjust the protein structure, the fat structure and the carbohydrate structure in the milk powder, so that the nutrition in the obtained milk powder is closer to the physical needs of the growth of children.

Preferably, the content of the protein in the concentrated whey protein powder is 33-35%. Further preferably, the protein content of the concentrated whey protein powder is 34%.

The source of the concentrated whey protein powder and the desalted whey powder adopted by the invention is cattle or sheep, and the preferable source is sheep.

Because the content of the whey protein in the whole milk powder is only about 20 percent and the content of the whey protein in the whole goat milk powder is only about 25 percent, in order to improve the content of the whey protein in the milk powder, the invention adopts the concentrated whey protein with the protein content of 33 to 35 percent, and the structure of the milk powder is adjusted through the combined action of the concentrated whey protein powder and the desalted whey powder, so that the nutritional structure of the milk powder is more reasonable and is more close to the physical requirements of children, and the milk powder is more easily absorbed and utilized by the children.

Preferably, the nutrition enhancer comprises compound vitamins, compound minerals and compound tricalcium phosphate, and the weight ratio of the compound vitamins, the compound minerals and the compound tricalcium phosphate is 1: 1.5-2.5: 4-5. Further preferably, the weight ratio of the compound vitamin to the compound mineral to the compound tricalcium phosphate is 1:2: 4.5.

The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children also comprises compound vitamins, compound minerals and compound tricalcium phosphate, wherein the compound vitamins comprise vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, nicotinamide, folic acid, pantothenic acid, taurine, vitamin C and lactose; the compound mineral comprises iron, zinc, copper and manganese elements, and the nutrition enhancer can provide trace elements and multiple vitamins for children on one hand, and can help other nutritional ingredients to be absorbed on the other hand, so that the absorption utilization rate of the nutritional ingredients is improved.

It is further preferred that the first and second liquid crystal compositions,

the compound vitamin comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

2 to 2.92 percent of retinyl acetate, 1 to 2.56 percent of cholecalciferol, 4 to 7.92 percent of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.15 to 0.45 percent of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.86 to 2.64 percent of nicotinamide, 0.059 to 0.101 percent of folic acid, 0.83 to 1.39 percent of D-calcium pantothenate, 13.6 to 21.4 percent of taurine, 35.64 to 39.92 percent of L-sodium ascorbate, and the balance of lactose;

the compound mineral comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.95 to 7.95 percent of ferrous sulfate, 4.372 to 7.058 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.14 to 0.44 percent of copper sulfate, 0.57 to 0.99 percent of manganese sulfate and the balance of lactose;

the compound tricalcium phosphate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 99.97 to 99.99 percent of tricalcium phosphate, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of vitamin C and the balance of lactose.

The nutrition enhancer provided by the invention is prepared according to the requirements of children on vitamins, minerals and calcium in the growth process by a reasonable proportion, and has comprehensive nutrition and balanced nutrition and is easy to absorb.

Further preferably, the vitamin complex comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.46% of retinyl acetate, 1.78% of cholecalciferol, 5.96% of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate, 0.5% of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.3% of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 1.75% of nicotinamide, 0.08% of folic acid, 1.11% of D-calcium pantothenate, 17.5% of taurine, 37.78% of L-sodium ascorbate and the balance of lactose;

the compound mineral comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.45 percent of ferrous sulfate, 5.715 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.29 percent of copper sulfate, 0.78 percent of manganese sulfate and the balance of lactose.

The invention provides a preparation method of milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children, which comprises the following steps:

(1) respectively sieving 50 parts of whole milk powder, 50 parts of desalted whey powder, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, hydrolyzed yolk powder, phosphatidylserine, lutein, lactoferrin, yam powder, coix seed powder, Chinese date powder, spina date seed powder, bifidobacterium lactis and a nutrition enhancer, pneumatically premixing and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;

(2) and (3) sieving the residual whole milk powder, the residual desalted whey powder, the solid corn syrup, the concentrated whey protein powder and the fructo-oligosaccharide respectively, mixing the sieved powder with the mixed powder obtained in the step (1), and pneumatically and uniformly mixing to obtain the milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children.

Preferably, in the step (1) and the step (2), the sieving is carried out by 8-mesh sieve.

Preferably, in step (1), the time for premixing is 3min, and the time for mixing in step (2) is 5 min.

The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, easy to popularize and suitable for industrial production, and the obtained milk powder is small in granularity and easy to dissolve.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children provided by the invention is based on a dietary guideline for preschool children after 3 years old and a dietary guideline for teenagers of Chinese children before 15 years old in a dietary guideline for specific groups in Chinese resident, and contains reasonable contents of protein, vitamins, taurine, calcium, iron and zinc required by the growth of children aiming at the nutritional requirements of the children of 3 to 15 years old in the growth process, so that the milk powder is beneficial to the healthy growth of the children and promotes the increase of the height of the children; meanwhile, the milk powder provided by the invention contains the spina date seed powder, the Chinese date powder and the yam powder, and the three interact with each other to comprehensively condition organs such as heart, brain, liver, spleen, stomach and the like, particularly improve the blood supply of the heart, reduce the excitability of the nervous system of children, and achieve the effects of synergistic sedation, tranquilization and sleep aiding.

2. The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children is composed of the components in a proper proportion, can help children to quickly sleep, prolongs the deep sleep time, ensures the continuity of deep sleep, reduces the waking times in the sleep process, and effectively improves the sleep quality of children.

3. The milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children is creamy yellow, has no impurities, has strong unique fragrance of frankincense, Chinese dates and spina date seeds, has no peculiar smell such as stimulation, rancidity and the like, has good dissolubility, is rich in vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, taurine, calcium, iron and zinc, contains a large amount of soluble dietary fibers, and meets the standard requirements on sensory evaluation and physicochemical indexes of products.

4. The milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children, provided by the invention, has good reconstitution property and is easy to be absorbed by children, and the components in the milk powder can effectively prolong the sleeping time of the children and improve the sleeping quality of the children through interaction; good sleep quality and sufficient nutrition can ensure the sufficient secretion of growth hormone of children and promote the growth of the height of children. The milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children is also beneficial to the increase of the height of children.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

In the examples of the present invention, 1g was used per 1 part by weight.

Example 1

The milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children comprises the following components in parts by weight:

275 parts of whole goat milk powder, 200 parts of D90 desalted goat whey powder, 40 parts of solid corn syrup, 80 parts of concentrated goat whey protein powder, 20 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.5 part of docosahexaenoic acid, 1 part of arachidonic acid, 1 part of hydrolyzed yolk powder, 0.1 part of lutein, 0.05 part of lactoferrin, 0.1 part of yam powder, 0.1 part of coix seed powder, 0.1 part of Chinese date powder, 0.1 part of wild jujube seed powder, 0.1 part of bifidobacterium lactis and 7.5 parts of nutrition enhancer;

the protein content of the concentrated sheep whey protein powder is 35%;

the nutrition enhancer comprises compound vitamin, compound mineral substance and compound tricalcium phosphate, the weight ratio of the compound vitamin to the compound mineral substance to the compound tricalcium phosphate is 1:1.5:4,

2% of retinyl acetate, 1% of cholecalciferol, 4% of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate, 0.2% of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.15% of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.86% of nicotinamide, 0.059% of folic acid, 0.83% of D-calcium pantothenate, 13.6% of taurine, 35.64% of L-sodium ascorbate and the balance of lactose;

the compound mineral comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.95% of ferrous sulfate, 4.372% of zinc sulfate, 0.14% of copper sulfate, 0.57% of manganese sulfate and the balance of lactose;

the compound tricalcium phosphate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 99.97 percent of tricalcium phosphate, 0.02 percent of vitamin C and the balance of lactose.

The preparation method of the milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children comprises the following steps:

(1) respectively sieving 50 parts of whole goat milk powder, 50 parts of D90 desalted goat whey powder, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, hydrolyzed yolk powder, lutein, lactoferrin, yam powder, coix seed powder, Chinese date powder, spina date seed powder, bifidobacterium lactis and a nutrition enhancer with an 8-mesh sieve, pneumatically premixing for 3min, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;

(2) and (3) taking the residual whole goat milk powder, the residual D90 desalted goat whey powder, solid corn syrup, concentrated goat whey protein powder and fructo-oligosaccharide, respectively sieving with an 8-mesh sieve, then mixing with the mixed powder obtained in the step (1), and pneumatically mixing for 5min till uniformity to obtain the milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children.

Example 2

500 parts of whole milk powder, 325 parts of D90 desalted whey powder, 100 parts of solid corn syrup, 200 parts of concentrated bovine whey protein powder, 160 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 6 parts of docosahexaenoic acid, 8 parts of arachidonic acid, 10 parts of hydrolyzed yolk powder, 5 parts of phosphatidylserine, 5 parts of lutein, 5 parts of lactoferrin, 5 parts of yam powder, 5 parts of coix seed powder, 5 parts of Chinese date powder, 5 parts of wild jujube seed powder, 2 parts of bifidobacterium lactis and 22.5 parts of a nutrition enhancer;

the protein content in the concentrated bovine whey protein powder is 33%;

the nutrition enhancer comprises compound vitamin, compound mineral substance and compound tricalcium phosphate, the weight ratio of the compound vitamin to the compound mineral substance to the compound tricalcium phosphate is 1:2.5:5,

2.92% of retinyl acetate, 2.56% of cholecalciferol, 7.92% of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate, 0.8% of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.45% of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 2.64% of nicotinamide, 0.101% of folic acid, 1.39% of D-calcium pantothenate, 21.4% of taurine, 39.92% of sodium L-ascorbate and the balance of lactose;

the compound mineral comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 7.95% of ferrous sulfate, 7.058% of zinc sulfate, 0.44% of copper sulfate, 0.99% of manganese sulfate and the balance of lactose;

the compound tricalcium phosphate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 99.99 percent of tricalcium phosphate and 0.01 percent of vitamin C.

(1) taking 50 parts of whole milk powder, 50 parts of D90 desalted whey powder, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, hydrolyzed yolk powder, phosphatidylserine, lutein, lactoferrin, yam powder, coix seed powder, Chinese date powder, wild jujube seed powder, bifidobacterium lactis and a nutrition enhancer, respectively sieving with an 8-mesh sieve, pneumatically premixing for 3min, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;

(2) and (3) taking the residual whole milk powder, the residual D90 desalted whey powder and solid corn syrup, concentrating bovine whey protein powder and fructo-oligosaccharide, respectively sieving with an 8-mesh sieve, then mixing with the mixed powder obtained in the step (1), and pneumatically mixing for 5min to be uniform to obtain the milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children.

Example 3

425 parts of full-cream goat milk powder, 325 parts of D90 desalted goat whey powder, 95 parts of solid corn syrup, 90 parts of concentrated goat whey protein powder, 40 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 2.6 parts of docosahexaenoic acid, 2.6 parts of arachidonic acid, 2 parts of hydrolyzed yolk powder, 0.5 part of phosphatidylserine, 0.5 part of lutein, 0.1 part of lactoferrin, 0.5 part of yam powder, 0.5 part of coix seed powder, 0.5 part of Chinese date powder, 0.5 part of wild jujube seed powder, 0.1 part of bifidobacterium lactis and 15 parts of nutrition enhancer;

the protein content of the concentrated sheep whey protein powder is 34%;

the nutrition enhancer comprises compound vitamin, compound mineral substance and compound tricalcium phosphate, the weight ratio of the compound vitamin to the compound mineral substance to the compound tricalcium phosphate is 1:2:4.5,

the compound vitamin comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.46% of retinyl acetate, 1.78% of cholecalciferol, 5.96% of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate, 0.5% of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.3% of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 1.75% of nicotinamide, 0.08% of folic acid, 1.11% of D-calcium pantothenate, 17.5% of taurine, 37.78% of L-sodium ascorbate and the balance of lactose;

the compound mineral comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.45 percent of ferrous sulfate, 5.715 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.29 percent of copper sulfate, 0.78 percent of manganese sulfate and the balance of lactose;

(1) taking 50 parts of whole goat milk powder, 50 parts of D90 desalted goat whey powder, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, hydrolyzed yolk powder, phosphatidylserine, lutein, lactoferrin, yam powder, coix seed powder, Chinese date powder, wild jujube seed powder, bifidobacterium lactis and a nutrition enhancer, respectively sieving with an 8-mesh sieve, pneumatically premixing for 3min, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;

Example 4

475 parts of full-cream goat milk powder, 225 parts of D90 desalted goat whey powder, 70 parts of solid corn syrup, 100 parts of concentrated goat whey protein powder, 100 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 1 part of docosahexaenoic acid, 1.5 parts of arachidonic acid, 3.5 parts of hydrolyzed yolk powder, 0.1 part of phosphatidylserine, 1 part of lutein, 0.5 part of lactoferrin, 3.5 parts of yam powder, 1.5 parts of coix seed powder, 1.5 parts of Chinese date powder, 1.5 parts of wild jujube seed powder, 1 part of bifidobacterium lactis and 12 parts of a nutrition enhancer;

the protein content of the concentrated sheep whey protein powder is 34%;

the nutrition enhancer was the same as in example 3.

The preparation method of the milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children is the same as that of the example 3.

Example 5

350 parts of whole goat milk powder, 325 parts of D90 desalted goat whey powder, 100 parts of solid corn syrup, 150 parts of concentrated goat whey protein powder, 30 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 1.5 parts of docosahexaenoic acid, 4 parts of arachidonic acid, 5 parts of hydrolyzed yolk powder, 2.5 parts of phosphatidylserine, 2.5 parts of lutein, 1 part of lactoferrin, 4 parts of yam powder, 3 parts of coix seed powder, 2 parts of Chinese date powder, 2 parts of wild jujube seed powder, 0.3 part of bifidobacterium lactis and 7.5 parts of a nutrition enhancer;

the protein content of the concentrated sheep whey protein powder is 34%;

the nutrition enhancer was the same as in example 3.

Comparative example 1

Children's milk powder, the solid corn syrup in example 3 was replaced with polydextrose, and the other components were unchanged. The preparation method of the children milk powder is the same as that of the example 3.

Comparative example 2

The children milk powder comprises the following components in parts by weight:

275 parts of whole goat milk powder, 375 parts of D90 desalted goat whey powder, 30 parts of solid corn syrup, 205 parts of concentrated goat whey protein powder, 10 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 9 parts of docosahexaenoic acid, 10 parts of arachidonic acid, 15 parts of hydrolyzed yolk powder, 10 parts of phosphatidylserine, 10 parts of lutein, 2.5 parts of lactoferrin, 8 parts of yam powder, 8 parts of coix seed powder, 10 parts of Chinese date powder, 10 parts of wild jujube seed powder, 2.5 parts of bifidobacterium lactis and 10 parts of nutrition enhancer;

the protein content of the concentrated sheep whey protein powder is 34%;

the nutrition enhancer was the same as in example 3.

The preparation method of the children milk powder is the same as that of the example 3.

Comparative example 3

Child's milk powder, the composition of which is the same as example 3, except that it does not contain spine date seed powder and date powder.

Comparative example 4

Child milk powder having the same composition as in example 3, except that it does not contain the spine date seed powder and the yam powder.

Comparative example 5

Child milk powder, the composition of which is the same as example 3, except that it does not contain jujube powder and yam powder.

Test examples

First, sensory evaluation

1. Evaluation methods and criteria

A goat milk powder which is sold in the market, the goat milk powder provided in comparative examples 1-2 and the goat milk powder provided in examples 3-5 of the application are selected for sensory evaluation, and the items of the sensory evaluation comprise four evaluations of color, organization state, reconstitution property, taste and smell. The sensory evaluation criteria are shown in tables 1 and 2.

1.1 sensory indices were rated in percent, where the scores are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 sensory evaluation index

Item	Score of
		Color and luster	10
Tissue state	20
		Reconstitution property	30
Taste and smell	40

1.2 sensory scores are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 sensory scores

2. Sensory evaluation results

Inviting 12 patients with symptoms of body health, achromatopsia, rhinitis, stomatitis and the like, and having professional knowledge in dairy product processing and dairy product inspection; the method has good sensory analysis capability; the method has good expression capability, and can accurately and rightly evaluate the sample by an evaluator when the sensory characteristics of the sample are described. The average values are reported in Table 3.

TABLE 3 sensory evaluation score Table

According to the table 3, it can be seen intuitively that the milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children provided by the invention has greater advantages than the commercially available children milk powder, and from the aspect of color, the milk powder provided by the invention is uniform in color, light yellow and glossy; the commercially available children milk powder is white and basically dull, and a little caramel is mixed in the milk powder; from the aspect of organization, the milk powder particles of the example 3 are proper and loose, and have good fluidity; the commercially available children milk powder has small particles, is not loose, has a small amount of agglomeration and has poor liquidity; from the aspect of the reconstitution property, the milk powder in the example 3 has the sinking time of about 15 seconds, the number of small white spots is less than 5, and the cup wall has no small white spots, flocculus and lumps; the sinking time of the commercial child milk powder is about 20 seconds, a small amount of small white spots exist, and the particles are fine; the number of small white spots and flocculus on the cup wall is about 10, and 2-3 lumps exist; from the aspect of taste and smell, example 3 has a strong milk flavor and a jujube flavor, has a strong milk flavor, has a unique jujube flavor, and has a fine and smooth mouthfeel without unpleasant taste. The commercial children milk powder has a little frankincense flavor, is doped with a little fishy smell, tastes thick, has a fishy smell and has a slightly astringent aftertaste.

The milk powders provided in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are the proportions tried by the inventor in the process of research and development, and as can be seen from the results in table 3, the taste and smell of the milk powders obtained in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are greatly different from those of the milk powders obtained in the examples of the present invention, and the overall score is far lower than that of the milk powders obtained in the examples of the present invention, which shows that the milk powders provided by the present invention can achieve milk powders with good comprehensive performance only by mixing the components in proper proportions.

According to Table 3, it can be seen that the milk powder of example 3 is more popular than the milk powder of example 4 and the milk powder of example 5, and the differences are reflected in the texture, the reconstitution property, and the taste and smell. The taste and smell of the milk are very similar to those of the milk prepared in the embodiment 3 and the milk prepared in the embodiment 5, the milk has thick milk taste, unique flavors of Chinese dates and spina date seeds, proper mouthfeel and moderate sweetness. However, the biggest difference between example 3 and examples 4 and 5 is in flavor, and the formula has more formulation characteristics, and the unique tastes of the Chinese date powder, the yam powder and the wild jujube kernel powder in the formula are reflected, the integral taste is not influenced, and the tastes are fused with each other to form a taste unique to the invention.

In conclusion, the milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children provided by the invention has more advantages, probiotics can be fixedly planted in human intestinal tracts, and the intestinal flora environment is improved; helping the human body to absorb nutrient substances; enhancing immunity; relieving lactose intolerance symptom, etc., and the function of the milk powder is not only in human body, but also better improves the color, taste and smell of the milk powder. Vc rich in the red dates has a strong active oxygen resisting function; moreover, the content of Vp is the crown of fruits and vegetables, and Vp has good effects of maintaining the normal permeability of capillary vessels, improving microcirculation, promoting the accumulation of Vc in human bodies and the like. Therefore, the milk powder has advantages in color, texture, reconstitution, taste and smell compared with the commercially available children milk powder.

Second, influence on sleep of children

Randomly selecting 25 children of 3-15 years old from a client group, randomly dividing the 25 children into A, B, C, D, E five groups (the age, sex and non-difference of each group of people) which are respectively A group, B group, C group, D group and E group, wearing Huawei gt2E sports watch on 25 children all day to perform night sleep monitoring scoring, and comprehensively scoring the sleep monitoring from four aspects of sleep time, deep sleep continuity and waking times. The test period was 1 week.

2.1 Scoring Specification

Regarding the sleeping time, the required sleeping time of children aged 3-15 years is reduced correspondingly with the age, and 8-10 hours is selected as the total reference sleeping time.

Regarding the deep sleep time, the deep sleep time generally needs to be 20% -60% of the sleep time, which is one of the important indicators for measuring the sleep quality.

The deep sleep continuity refers to the fragmentation degree of deep sleep, the better the continuity is, the longer the average time of deep sleep fragments is, the more the brain has enough rest, and the fatigue is better eliminated.

The number of wakefulness times does not necessarily mean the number of wakefulness that a person can realize, and generally the number of wakefulness times should be less than 2. The wake time does not exceed 10% of the total sleep time.

The test data is that Hua is gt2e watch scores (100 points) according to the monitoring condition, the scores are used as the embodiment of the sleep quality of the test population, and all the small items are used as references.

2.2 test methods

The people in each group are tested and sleep monitoring is carried out for 3 days without any interference, so that the sleep quality condition of the whole population is obtained. After 3 days, the group A people start to keep two cups of the milk powder prepared in the comparative example 3 every day for 7 days, and the sleep data are counted and monitored; the group B people start to keep two cups of the milk powder prepared in the comparative example 4 every day for 7 days, and count and monitor sleep data; the group C people start to keep two cups of the milk powder prepared in the comparative example 5 every day for 7 days, and count and monitor sleep data; group D people start to keep two cups of the milk powder prepared in the embodiment 3 every day for 7 days, and count and monitor sleep data; group E people started two cups of commercially available milk powder per day for 7 days, and counted and monitored sleep data.

2.3 test results

The sleep duration of each child in the previous 3 days of each parameter test is shown in table 4;

the 7-day sleep duration of each child tested for each set of parameters is shown in Table 5

The deep sleep time of each child in the previous 3 days of each group of parameter test is shown in a table 6;

the 7-day sleep duration of each child tested for each set of parameters is shown in Table 7

The deep sleep occupation ratio of each child in the previous 3 days of each group of parameter test is shown in a table 8;

the sleeping time of each child after 7 days of each group of parameter test is shown in a table 9;

the average score of the comprehensive sleep quality of each child in the previous 3 days of each parameter test is shown in a table 10;

the average score for the overall sleep quality 7 days after each child for each parameter set is shown in table 11.

TABLE 4 duration of 3 days of sleep before each group of children

TABLE 5 duration of 7 days of post-sleep for each group of children

TABLE 6 deep sleep time of 3 days before children

TABLE 7 duration of deep sleep of each group of children after 7 days

TABLE 8 percentage of deep sleep for 3 days before each group of children

TABLE 9 percentage of deep sleep in 7 days after each group of children

TABLE 10 sleep quality score results for each group of children 3 days before

TABLE 11 sleep quality score results 7 days after children in each group

As can be seen from tables 10 and 11, there was no significant difference in sleep quality (p >0.05) among the children in groups a1, B1, C1, D1, E1, while there was a significant difference in sleep quality directly between groups a2 and a1, B2 and B1, C2 and C1, and D2 and D1 (p < 0.05).

From a comparison of tables 4 and 5, it can be seen that the children tested in group D who drunk the powdered milk of example 3 of the present invention showed significant changes in sleep frequency in the first three days and the last seven days, and sleep frequency in 7 days after drinking was significantly longer than that in the other groups, substantially at about 9 hours. This shows that the milk powder provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention can effectively prolong the sleeping time of children.

From the comparison between tables 6 and 7 and the comparison between tables 8 and 9, it can be seen that the deep sleep time is prolonged by drinking the milk powder of each group, but the deep sleep time of the tested children is prolonged from about 2.5-2.8h to more than 3h before and after drinking the milk powder of example 3, and the deep sleep time of the A/B/C group is far less prolonged than that of the D group and higher than that of the E group. The interaction among the Chinese date powder, the spine date seed powder and the yam powder shows that the children milk powder provided by the invention can synergistically prolong the deep sleep time of children, increase the occupation ratio of deep sleep and effectively improve the sleep quality of children.

Comparing table 10 with table 11, it can be seen that the effect is significant when the milk powder of example 3 is drunk in group D, and that the milk powder of comparative examples 3-5 is drunk in groups a, B and C, while the commercial milk powder of group E has no significant effect.

As can be seen from the results of Table 11, the children who drunk the powdered milk of example 3 of the present invention scored sleep at 92 or more, and on average, at 93 or more, whereas the commercial powdered milk did not show a significant sleep-aiding effect. Compared with the milk powder without spine date seed powder and Chinese date powder (comparative example 3), children drinking the milk powder of the invention example 3 have long sleep time, long deep sleep time, good deep sleep continuity, less waking times and obviously high comprehensive score. Also, the milk powder containing the spina date seed powder, the yam powder and the Chinese date powder provided in example 3 of the present invention had a significantly higher sleep score after being drunk by children, compared to the milk powder containing no spina date seed powder and yam powder (comparative example 4) and the milk powder containing no Chinese date powder and yam powder (comparative example 5). As can be seen from Table 5, the powdered milk of example 3 has the greatest effect of helping sleep than the powdered milk of comparative examples 3-5, and the effects of the powdered milk of comparative examples 3-5 are comparable. The milk powder prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention has the sleep-helping effect compared with the milk powder prepared in other experimental examples.

The results of tables 4-11 illustrate that:

(1) drinking the corresponding milk powder can help sleep in different degrees. Wherein the improvement of sleep before and after drinking the children tested in group D of the invention in example 3 is most obvious, while the influence of sleep before and after drinking the commercial milk powder is not obvious.

(2) The wild jujube kernel powder, the Chinese date powder and the yam powder in the milk powder provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention have a remarkable effect of improving the sleep of children under the combined action. The effect of improving sleep was remarkably prominent compared with the control group containing none of them. This shows that the wild jujube kernel powder, the jujube powder and the yam powder have a synergistic effect on improving the sleep of children.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. The milk powder for improving the sleeping quality of children is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

2. The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children according to claim 1, wherein the components further comprise, in parts by weight: 0.1-5 parts of phosphatidylserine.

3. The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

4. The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the desalted whey powder is D90 desalted whey powder.

5. The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the protein content in the concentrated whey protein powder is 33-35%.

6. The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nutrition enhancer comprises a vitamin complex, a compound mineral substance and compound tricalcium phosphate, and the weight ratio of the vitamin complex to the compound mineral substance to the compound tricalcium phosphate is 1: 1.5-2.5: 4-5.

7. The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children according to claim 6,

8. The milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children according to claim 7, wherein the vitamin complex comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.46% of retinyl acetate, 1.78% of cholecalciferol, 5.96% of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate, 0.5% of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.3% of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 1.75% of nicotinamide, 0.08% of folic acid, 1.11% of D-calcium pantothenate, 17.5% of taurine, 37.78% of L-sodium ascorbate and the balance of lactose;

9. The preparation method of the milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:

10. The method for preparing milk powder for improving the sleep quality of children according to claim 9, wherein the 8-mesh sieve is used in the step (1) and the step (2).