CN111802218A - Automatic irrigation method and system for fruit trees - Google Patents
Automatic irrigation method and system for fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN111802218A CN111802218A CN202010484956.9A CN202010484956A CN111802218A CN 111802218 A CN111802218 A CN 111802218A CN 202010484956 A CN202010484956 A CN 202010484956A CN 111802218 A CN111802218 A CN 111802218A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/11—Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
Abstract
The automatic irrigation method and system for the fruit trees provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise the following steps: acquiring soil humidity condition data of the position of a target fruit tree by using a soil profile sensor; if the soil humidity condition data meet the irrigation triggering conditions, acquiring the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data; the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree is used as the designed wetting depth of irrigation, and the target fruit tree is automatically irrigated. According to the automatic irrigation method and system for the fruit trees, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit trees can be estimated by monitoring the dynamic state of the wetting distribution of the soil profile, so that the fruit trees are accurately irrigated, the damage to the root system of the fruit trees caused by sampling observation is avoided, the utilization efficiency and the irrigation precision of irrigation water are effectively improved, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the intelligent level of irrigation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of forestry planting, in particular to an automatic irrigation method and system for fruit trees.
Background
China is a large fruit planting country, and the planting area and the fruit yield of fruit trees are in the first place of the world. The growth of fruit trees and the yield and quality of fruits are closely related to irrigation water. The serious shortage of water resources in China and the high proportion of agricultural water are important problems for determining the development of fruit industry, namely how to effectively improve the water utilization efficiency of fruit trees.
A large number of studies at home and abroad show that the water content of soil moisture is an important factor for determining the water consumption process of fruit trees, and the soil moisture in the root zone of the fruit trees is kept in a proper range through reasonable measures, so that the yield and the quality of fruits can be improved, and the waste and the consumption of irrigation moisture can be effectively reduced. Therefore, the moisture of the root system of the fruit tree is regulated, controlled and decided by monitoring and intelligently analyzing the moisture of the root area of the fruit tree in real time, and the method has important significance for improving the quality and the efficiency of the fruit tree.
The traditional orchard irrigation management method generally takes manual experience judgment as a main part, but manual supervision not only has high cost and extensive modes, but also causes the problems of low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, serious pollution and the like because farmers pursue high yield at a time and irrigate water and fertilize excessive fertilizer at will. The existing orchard irrigation management method mainly focuses on the research and development of irrigation facilities and systems, and improves the utilization coefficient of irrigation water from the aspects of project layout and irrigation equipment improvement.
Comprehensive analysis shows that the prior art generally has the following defects in fruit tree irrigation:
1) by improving the irrigation system, the irrigation quality can be improved from the aspect of water delivery and distribution in irrigation engineering, but the problem of accurate supply according to the actual demand of fruit trees cannot be solved;
2) the conventional mode of irrigating by monitoring soil moisture is generally to make a decision by monitoring the moisture content of different soil layers and the average moisture content of a section obtained by weighted average, but does not consider the actual distribution of root systems and the water absorption characteristics of different layers. Traditional root system monitoring need carry out sample analysis through drilling in root soil, and not only the sample representativeness is not high, can cause the injury to the root system moreover, especially is unsuitable to this kind of perennial crop of fruit tree, and automatic, intelligent degree is not high, and the cost of labor is still higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an automatic irrigation method and system for fruit trees, which are used for overcoming or partially solving the defects of poor irrigation precision, low automation degree and the like in the automatic irrigation of the fruit trees in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic irrigation method for fruit trees, which mainly includes: acquiring soil humidity condition data of the position of a target fruit tree by using a soil profile sensor; if the soil humidity condition data meet the irrigation triggering conditions, acquiring the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data; the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree is used as the designed wetting depth of irrigation, and the target fruit tree is automatically irrigated.
Optionally, the acquiring, by using the soil profile sensor, soil moisture condition data of the location where the target fruit tree is located may include: vertically and fixedly arranging a soil profile sensor in the soil at the position of a target fruit tree, wherein the depth of the soil profile sensor is greater than the root depth of the target fruit tree; dividing the soil at the position of the target fruit tree into a plurality of soil layers along the soil profile according to the difference of root system depths; continuously acquiring the soil moisture content of each soil layer by using a soil profile sensor, and acquiring the moisture content distribution data of the soil profile; wherein, the soil moisture condition data comprises soil profile water content distribution data.
Optionally, the obtaining of the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil moisture condition data generally includes: based on a water balance method, acquiring the accumulated water consumption of the target crop and the water consumption of each soil layer according to the soil humidity condition data; comparing and judging the water consumption of each soil layer with the water consumption threshold of each soil layer; and taking the depth corresponding to the soil layer with the water consumption larger than the water consumption threshold and the largest depth as the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree.
Optionally, if the soil moisture status data satisfies the irrigation triggering condition, the method mainly includes: acquiring the average soil humidity according to the soil humidity condition data; and if the average soil humidity is smaller than the irrigation control lower limit value, determining that the soil humidity condition data meets the irrigation triggering conditions.
Optionally, the above-mentioned wet degree of depth of effective water absorption of fruit tree root system as the design of irrigation carries out automatic irrigation to the target fruit tree, mainly includes: designing the irrigation amount according to the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree based on an irrigation amount formula; and (4) automatically irrigating the target fruit tree according to the irrigation quantity by using an intelligent irrigation system.
Optionally, before automatically irrigating the target fruit tree according to the irrigation amount, the method further comprises: the irrigation quantity and irrigation early warning information are used as irrigation reminding information and are sent to a user mobile phone APP through the cloud server; and after receiving an irrigation instruction of a user, automatically irrigating the target fruit tree.
Optionally, the irrigation quantity formula is specifically as follows: i ═ 0.1 γ zp (θ)max–θmin)/η；
Wherein I is the irrigation amount, gamma is the dry volume weight of the soil, z is the designed wetting depth of irrigation, p is the area ratio of the wetting area, and thetamaxAnd thetaminThe upper line and the lower limit of the water content control of the soil root zone are respectively, and eta is the utilization efficiency of the drip irrigation water.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic irrigation system for fruit trees, which mainly includes a soil moisture status data acquisition module, an effective water absorption depth acquisition module, and an automatic irrigation control module, wherein:
the soil humidity condition data acquisition module is used for acquiring soil humidity condition data of the position of the target fruit tree by using the soil profile sensor; the water absorption depth acquisition module is used for acquiring the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data when the soil humidity condition data meets the irrigation triggering condition; and the automatic irrigation control module is used for controlling the irrigation device to automatically irrigate the target fruit tree by taking the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree as the designed wetting depth of irrigation.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method for automatically irrigating a fruit tree according to any one of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for automatically irrigating a fruit tree according to any one of the first aspects.
According to the automatic irrigation method and system for the fruit trees, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit trees can be estimated by monitoring the dynamic state of the wetting distribution of the soil profile, so that the fruit trees are accurately irrigated, the damage to the root system of the fruit trees caused by sampling observation is avoided, the utilization efficiency and the irrigation precision of irrigation water are effectively improved, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the intelligent level of irrigation is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an automatic irrigation method for fruit trees according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another automatic fruit tree irrigation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of another automatic fruit tree irrigation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic irrigation system for fruit trees according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a physical structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an automatic irrigation method for fruit trees, which comprises the following steps of:
step S1, acquiring soil humidity condition data of the position of the target fruit tree by using a soil profile sensor;
step S2, if the soil humidity condition data meets the irrigation triggering condition, acquiring the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data;
and step S3, taking the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree as the designed wetting depth of irrigation, and automatically irrigating the target fruit tree.
Specifically, before irrigation is performed by using the automatic irrigation method for fruit trees provided by the embodiment of the invention, the root depth of the fruit tree of the type in the mature period is determined according to the variety of the fruit tree, so as to select a proper soil profile sensor, and when the fruit tree is transplanted, the soil profile sensor is pre-buried in the soil at the position of each fruit tree. The pre-buried mode is based on the soil humidity condition data of the position where the target fruit tree is located, which can be acquired through the soil profile sensor.
The soil profile sensor can be used for measuring parameters such as moisture, soil conductivity and soil temperature of different depths of a soil profile. The working principle, brand, model, etc. of the selected soil profile sensor are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present invention.
The soil humidity condition data at the position of the target fruit tree is a data set on a time and space sequence formed by parameters such as water, soil conductivity and soil temperature of soil profiles at different depths, which are calculated and acquired through a soil profile sensor preset in soil at the position of the target fruit tree. The data set on the time sequence means that the sampling time can be set according to actual needs; the data set in the spatial sequence means that the data obtained by sampling is measurement data covering different soil layers on the soil profile. For example, with days as a measurement period, parameters such as water content, soil conductivity, soil temperature and the like of a plurality of soil layers from top to bottom in a soil profile at the position of a target fruit tree are respectively obtained.
Further, in the embodiment of the invention, according to the constructed soil humidity condition data of the position of the target fruit tree, the water content of the fruit tree soil root region on the soil of the position of the target fruit tree can be obtained. And judging that the soil humidity condition data meets the irrigation triggering conditions according to the obtained water content of the fruit tree soil root zone. When the water content of the soil root area of the fruit tree is smaller than the irrigation threshold corresponding to the irrigation triggering condition, the target fruit tree can be judged to be in a water shortage state and needs to be immediately irrigated; when the water content of the soil root area of the fruit tree is smaller than the irrigation threshold corresponding to the irrigation triggering condition, the target fruit tree can be judged to be in a normal state, and irrigation is not needed.
Furthermore, after the target fruit tree is judged to need to be irrigated immediately, the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree can be determined according to soil humidity condition data acquired by the soil profile sensor. Because the soil profile sensor can detect the soil moisture condition data formed by parameters such as water, soil conductivity and soil temperature of different profile depths in the soil, the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree can be determined according to the soil states of different profile depths, namely the designed wetting depth of irrigation is determined.
Further, the irrigation quantity (or irrigation time) required to be irrigated is determined by combining the irrigation mode, the irrigation area, the irrigation device, the irrigation weather factors (such as air temperature and wind power) and the like according to the designed wetting depth of irrigation, so as to make a specific automatic irrigation scheme.
And finally, controlling an irrigation device to execute the automatic irrigation scheme to finish automatic irrigation on the target fruit tree.
In the irrigation process, the soil profile sensor is continuously utilized to obtain soil humidity condition data of the position of the target fruit tree, and whether the soil humidity condition data meet irrigation triggering conditions or not is monitored according to the method recorded in the embodiment. And when the irrigation is finished, namely the soil humidity condition data does not meet the irrigation triggering condition, stopping the irrigation until the irrigation triggering condition is met again, and irrigating again to realize the purpose of automatic irrigation.
It should be noted that, although the embodiment of the present invention is described by taking the automatic irrigation of the target fruit tree as an example, the automatic irrigation method provided in the embodiment may also be applied to intelligent irrigation control of plants such as greenhouse vegetables, and is not to be considered as a limitation to the protection scope of the embodiment of the present invention.
According to the automatic irrigation method for the fruit trees, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit trees can be estimated by detecting the dynamic condition of the wetting distribution of the soil profile, so that the fruit trees are accurately irrigated, the damage to the root system of the fruit trees caused by sampling observation is avoided, the utilization efficiency and the irrigation precision of irrigation water are effectively improved, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the irrigation intelligence level is improved.
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, the step of acquiring soil moisture condition data at the location of the target fruit tree by using the soil profile sensor in the foregoing step S1 may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:
vertically and fixedly arranging a soil profile sensor in the soil at the position of a target fruit tree, wherein the depth of the soil profile sensor is greater than the root depth of the target fruit tree; dividing the soil at the position of the target fruit tree into a plurality of soil layers along the soil profile according to the difference of root system depths; continuously acquiring the soil moisture content of each soil layer by using the soil profile sensor, and acquiring the distribution data of the soil profile moisture content; the soil moisture condition data comprises soil profile moisture content distribution data.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, a soil profile sensor may be preset in soil at a position where each fruit tree is located, and according to soil humidity condition data of the corresponding fruit tree, which is acquired by each soil profile sensor, automatic irrigation control of each fruit tree is realized. Optionally, all the fruit trees may be divided into a plurality of groups according to different distribution conditions and different varieties of the fruit trees, one fruit tree is selected from each group as a representative, a soil profile sensor is preset in soil at a position where each representative fruit tree is located, and all the fruit trees corresponding to the group of data are subjected to unified automatic irrigation control according to the acquired soil humidity condition data of each group. By adopting the method, the calculated amount can be effectively reduced, the cost is reduced, and the precision of automatic irrigation is not influenced to a certain extent.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, the soil profile sensor is in a strip shape, and can detect the dynamic condition of the wetting distribution of the soil profile, so that the soil profile sensor is vertically and fixedly arranged in the soil at the position of each fruit tree in order to effectively improve the detection accuracy. And in order to realize with the effective depth of absorbing water of fruit tree root system as the moist degree of depth of design of irrigation to carry out accurate irrigation control, the effective measurement degree of depth of the soil profile sensor who chooses for use is greater than the root system degree of depth of the target fruit tree that awaits measuring in this embodiment.
Furthermore, the soil (the soil root zone of the target fruit tree) at the position of the target fruit tree is divided into a plurality of soil layers along the soil profile according to the difference of root system depths, and the dividing method can adopt a uniform dividing mode. For example, the soil at the position of the target fruit tree is divided into 4 layers from top to bottom along the soil section, the thickness of each soil layer is R/4, wherein R is the total depth of the soil root zone of the target fruit tree.
Furthermore, the soil profile water content distribution data at any moment is obtained through the soil profile sensor, namely the soil water content of each soil layer is respectively obtained to form the soil profile water content distribution data at the moment.
Optionally, since the soil profile moisture content distribution data can sufficiently reflect the soil moisture status at the current time, the soil moisture status data in the embodiment of the present invention at least includes the soil profile moisture content distribution data. Optionally, the soil moisture condition data may further include soil profile temperature distribution data, soil profile conductivity distribution data, and the like, and the automatic irrigation control is realized by integrating the data.
According to the automatic irrigation method for the fruit trees, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the soil profile sensor is adopted to dynamically monitor the soil moisture condition, and the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit trees is judged according to the change data of the moisture content distribution of the soil profile, so that the fruit tree irrigation is accurately guided, the too-little or excessive irrigation is avoided, and the water utilization efficiency of the fruit tree irrigation is improved. The real-time monitoring of the actual effective water absorption root system depth of the fruit tree can be realized through the method, compared with the traditional root system sampling test method or root canal photographing test method, the method has the advantages that the root system cannot be damaged, the accuracy is high, the method is simple and convenient and easy to operate, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the intelligent level of irrigation is improved.
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the obtaining of the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil moisture condition data may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:
based on a water balance method, acquiring the accumulated water consumption of the target crop and the water consumption of each soil layer according to the soil humidity condition data; comparing and judging the water consumption of each soil layer with the water consumption threshold of each soil layer; and taking the depth corresponding to the soil layer with the water consumption larger than the water consumption threshold and the largest depth as the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree.
Specifically, as an alternative embodiment, the process of determining the effective water absorption depth r of the root system of the fruit tree and performing automatic irrigation is as follows:
1) the soil profile sensor acquires soil humidity condition data of the target fruit tree at the time t (0-24 hours) to meet the irrigation triggering condition, and irrigation needs to be carried out on the target fruit tree at the time.
2) And (4) acquiring the water content distribution of the soil profile at the time t by using a soil profile sensor (4 layers, namely R/4cm, are formed from top to bottom along the soil profile to carry out a soil water content test). Calculating the accumulated water consumption E of each soil layer for t +24 hours by a water balance method1，E2，E3And E4And the cumulative water consumption E of the crop, wherein E is E1+E2+E3+E4。
3) Judging the effective water absorption depth r of the root system of the fruit tree: the water absorption proportion of the fruit tree root system divided into 4 layers from top to bottom is set as 4: 3: 2: 1, and E is 4E +3E +2E + E (E is the water absorption per root system), the value of E can be solved. Respectively judging the water shortage state of each soil layer, namely whether E exists1≥4e，E2≥3e，E3Not less than 2E and E4E or more, if the water consumption of only one soil layer is greater than the water consumption threshold value, judging the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree to be the corresponding layer depth; if a plurality of soil layers satisfy the inequality, the maximum depth is taken as the standard.
According to the automatic irrigation method for the fruit trees provided by the embodiment of the invention, the water consumption of each soil layer is compared and judged with the corresponding water consumption threshold value respectively, so that the reasonable effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree is determined as the designed wetting depth of irrigation, the target fruit tree is automatically irrigated, and the irrigation precision is further improved.
Based on the above description of the embodiments, as an alternative embodiment, if the soil moisture status data satisfies the irrigation triggering condition in step S2, the method for determining includes: acquiring the average soil humidity according to the soil humidity condition data; and if the average soil humidity is smaller than the irrigation control lower limit value, determining that the soil humidity condition data meets the irrigation triggering conditions.
Specifically, the soil average humidity of the target fruit tree can be calculated according to the soil humidity condition data of the position where the target fruit tree is located, which is obtained by the soil profile sensor (the soil average humidity can represent the water content of the soil root area of the target fruit tree), and the soil average humidity and the preset irrigation control lower limit value (marked as theta) are used for calculating the soil average humidity and the preset irrigation control lower limit valuemin) And comparing to judge whether the target fruit tree needs irrigation. When the average humidity of the soil is less than thetaminAnd if the water shortage state is indicated, the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree is further obtained as the designed wetting depth of irrigation, and the fruit tree is automatically irrigated.
According to the automatic irrigation method for the fruit trees, provided by the embodiment of the invention, whether the target fruit trees are irrigated or not is judged by setting the irrigation control lower limit value, so that the intelligent level of irrigation and the utilization efficiency of irrigation water are effectively improved.
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, the step S3 is executed to automatically irrigate the target fruit tree by using the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree as the designed wetting depth of irrigation, which includes but is not limited to the following steps: designing the irrigation amount according to the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree based on an irrigation amount formula; and (4) automatically irrigating the target fruit tree according to the irrigation quantity by using an intelligent irrigation system.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the soil profile sensor is responsible for monitoring the real-time humidity condition of the soil profile, when the average soil humidity is judged to be less than the irrigation lower limit threshold, the irrigation quantity is continuously calculated according to the calculated effective water absorption depth of the root system of the target fruit tree, and the target fruit tree is irrigated through an intelligent irrigation system which is composed of a wireless electromagnetic valve, a water pump, a valve and the like in the field.
As an alternative embodiment, the irrigation quantity formula may be: i ═ 0.1 γ zp (θ)max–θmin)/η；
Wherein I is the irrigation amount, gamma is the dry volume weight of the soil, z is the designed wetting depth of irrigation, p is the area ratio of the wetting area, and thetamaxAnd thetaminThe upper line and the lower limit of the water content control of the soil root zone are respectively, and eta is the utilization efficiency of the drip irrigation water.
According to the automatic irrigation method for the fruit trees, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the soil moisture condition data of the target fruit tree is obtained through the soil profile sensor, so that the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree of the target fruit tree can be determined, the required irrigation amount is further calculated, automatic irrigation is carried out by controlling the intelligent irrigation system which is laid in an orchard in advance, the irrigation precision is effectively improved, manual participation is not needed in the whole process, the automation and intelligence levels are improved, and the labor cost is greatly reduced.
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an optional embodiment, before automatically irrigating the target fruit tree according to the irrigation amount, the method may further include:
the irrigation quantity and irrigation early warning information are used as irrigation reminding information and are sent to a user mobile phone APP through the cloud server; and after receiving an irrigation instruction of a user, automatically irrigating the target fruit tree.
Specifically, when the soil humidity condition data meets the irrigation triggering condition, irrigation early warning information is generated, the specific irrigation amount for irrigating the target fruit tree is calculated, and the irrigation early warning information and the irrigation amount are integrated into one piece of irrigation reminding information. And uploading the irrigation reminding information to a cloud server for storage and recording, and issuing to a user mobile phone APP. After the user receives the early warning information through the mobile phone APP, a decision can be made on whether irrigation is needed or not according to actual conditions. If the user decides to irrigate, then send irrigation instruction to cloud server through APP, give central processing unit with the instruction transmission by cloud server, start irrigation by the wireless solenoid valve in central processing unit control field at last. And if the user decides not to irrigate temporarily, the central processing unit returns to continuously monitor the soil humidity condition and continuously sends irrigation early warning information and corresponding irrigation water amount to the user every preset time period (for example, one day) until the irrigation early warning information is removed.
According to the automatic irrigation method for the fruit trees, the step of determining by the user is additionally arranged in the automatic irrigation control process, and actual control can be performed according to actual requirements of the user. The user can accurately know the current irrigation state of the orchard, and the decision requirements of different users are met on the premise of realizing intelligent irrigation.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the embodiment of the invention provides an automatic irrigation method for fruit trees, firstly, soil section humidity sensors (including detectors and signal transmitters) are pre-buried in orchard fields, and soil humidity conditions are monitored in real time.
Setting soil humidity irrigation control lower limit value theta through central processing unitmin(namely, when the lower limit value is reached, the soil is considered to be irrigated), the real-time soil average humidity data acquired by the soil profile humidity sensor is transmitted to the central processing unit for judgment, and the central processing unit judges that the soil humidity reaches the irrigation control lower limit value thetaminAnd then, the central processing unit further calculates the effective water absorption depth of the fruit tree root system, and irrigation is carried out according to the effective water absorption depth (namely, the effective water absorption depth of the fruit tree root system is irrigated, so that too little or too much irrigation is avoided).
Wherein, central processing unit estimates the effective depth of water absorption of fruit tree root system according to predetermined computational formula, and specific flow is: 1) the soil profile humidity sensor senses that the water content of the soil root zone reaches a control lower limit threshold value (theta) at the time t (0-24 hours)min) Irrigation is needed at the moment; 2) acquiring the water content distribution of the soil profile at the time t (dividing the soil profile into 4 layers from top to bottom, namely R/4cm, and carrying out soil water content test), and calculating the cumulative crop water consumption E for t +24 hours and the cumulative crop water consumption E for layering by a water balance method1，E2，E3And E4，E＝E1+E2+E3+E4(ii) a 3) Judging the effective water absorption depth r of the root system of the fruit tree: generally, the water absorption ratio of the fruit tree root system divided into 4 layers from top to bottom is respectively 4: 3: 2: 1, and E is 4E +3E +2E + E (E is the water absorption per root system), the value of E can be solved, and each layer is judged whether there is E or not1≥4e，E2≥3e，E3Not less than 2E and E4And e or more, if yes, judging the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree as the corresponding horizon depth, and if multiple groups are met, taking the maximum depth as the standard.
Wherein, the central processor calculates the irrigation quantity according to the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree, and the irrigation quantity is 0.1 gamma zp (theta) according to a formula Imax–θmin) The method comprises the following steps of determining eta, wherein gamma is the dry volume weight of soil, z is the wetting depth of irrigation design, p is the area ratio of a wetting area, and thetamaxAnd thetaminRespectively in the root zone of the soilThe water rate is controlled to be on-line and lower limit, and eta is the utilization efficiency of the drip irrigation water. The values of the parameters are determined according to actual soil conditions, fruit tree species, planting modes, irrigation forms and the like.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the central processing unit controls the soil moisture status data of the position of the target fruit tree, which is acquired by the soil profile sensor, and collects the soil moisture status data. And calculating the irrigation quantity of the target fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data, and transmitting irrigation early warning information and the calculated irrigation quantity to the cloud server. The cloud server records data and sends the early warning information to the user mobile phone APP.
And the user receives the early warning information through the mobile phone APP, and makes a decision on whether to irrigate according to the actual situation. If the user decides to irrigate, then send irrigation instruction to cloud server through APP, give central processing unit with the instruction transmission by cloud server, start irrigation by the wireless solenoid valve in central processing unit control field at last. And if the user decides not to irrigate temporarily, the central processing unit returns to continuously monitor the soil humidity condition, and irrigation early warning information and corresponding irrigation water amount are continuously sent to the user every other day.
The embodiment of the invention provides an automatic irrigation system for fruit trees, as shown in fig. 4, which mainly comprises: soil moisture condition data acquisition module 1, effective depth of absorbing water acquisition module 2 and automatic irrigation control module 3, wherein: the soil humidity condition data acquisition module 1 is mainly used for acquiring soil humidity condition data of a position where a target fruit tree is located by using a soil profile sensor; the effective water absorption depth acquisition module 2 is mainly used for acquiring the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data when the soil humidity condition data meets the irrigation triggering condition; automatic irrigation control module 3 mainly used regards the effective depth of absorbing water of fruit tree root system as the moist degree of depth of design of irrigation, and control irrigation equipment is right the target fruit tree carries out automatic irrigation.
Specifically, the soil humidity status data acquisition module 1 continuously controls the pre-buried soil profile humidity sensor to monitor the soil humidity status in real time and transmit the acquired data to the effective soil profile humidity sensor in real timeAnd a water absorption depth acquisition module 2. The effective water absorption depth acquisition module 2 judges whether the soil humidity reaches the irrigation control lower limit value theta according to the received soil humidity condition datamin. When irrigation is needed, the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree is calculated, and the final calculation result is sent to the automatic irrigation control module 3. The automatic irrigation control module 3 controls the starting and stopping of the wireless electromagnetic valve in the field according to the above to realize the automatic irrigation of the target fruit tree.
It should be noted that the effective water absorption depth obtaining module 2 and the automatic irrigation control module 3 in the embodiment of the present invention may be integrated in a central processing unit, that is, the central processing unit may directly control the automatic irrigation process of the target fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data at the position of the target fruit tree obtained by the soil profile sensor.
It should be noted that, in specific operation, the automatic irrigation system for fruit trees provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be used to execute the automatic irrigation method for fruit trees in any of the above embodiments, which is not described in detail herein.
Fig. 5 illustrates a physical structure diagram of an electronic device, which may include, as shown in fig. 5: a processor (processor)310, a communication Interface (communication Interface)320, a memory (memory)330 and a communication bus 340, wherein the processor 310, the communication Interface 320 and the memory 330 communicate with each other via the communication bus 340. The processor 310 may call logic instructions in the memory 330 to perform the following method: acquiring soil humidity condition data of the position of a target fruit tree by using a soil profile sensor; if the soil humidity condition data meet the irrigation triggering conditions, acquiring the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data; the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree is used as the designed wetting depth of irrigation, and the target fruit tree is automatically irrigated.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 330 may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the software functional units are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is implemented by a processor to execute the automatic irrigation method for fruit trees provided in the foregoing embodiments, for example, the method includes: acquiring soil humidity condition data of the position of a target fruit tree by using a soil profile sensor; if the soil humidity condition data meet the irrigation triggering conditions, acquiring the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data; the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree is used as the designed wetting depth of irrigation, and the target fruit tree is automatically irrigated.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic irrigation method for fruit trees, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring soil humidity condition data of the position of a target fruit tree by using a soil profile sensor;
if the soil humidity condition data meet irrigation triggering conditions, acquiring the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data;
and taking the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree as the designed wetting depth of irrigation, and automatically irrigating the target fruit tree.
2. The method for automatically irrigating the fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the soil moisture status data of the target fruit tree by using the soil profile sensor comprises:
vertically and fixedly arranging the soil profile sensor in the soil at the position of the target fruit tree, wherein the depth of the soil profile sensor is greater than the root depth of the target fruit tree;
dividing the soil at the position of the target fruit tree into a plurality of soil layers along the soil profile according to the difference of root system depths;
continuously acquiring the soil moisture content of each soil layer by using the soil profile sensor, and acquiring the distribution data of the soil profile moisture content;
the soil moisture condition data comprises the soil profile moisture content distribution data.
3. The automatic irrigation method for fruit trees according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil moisture condition data comprises:
based on a water balance method, acquiring the accumulated water consumption of the target crop and the water consumption of each soil layer according to the soil humidity condition data;
comparing and judging the water consumption of each soil layer with the water consumption threshold of each soil layer;
and taking the depth corresponding to the soil layer with the water consumption larger than the water consumption threshold and the largest depth as the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree.
4. The automatic irrigation method for fruit trees according to claim 3, wherein said determining if said soil moisture status data satisfies an irrigation trigger condition comprises:
acquiring the average soil humidity according to the soil humidity condition data;
and if the average soil humidity is smaller than the irrigation control lower limit value, determining that the soil humidity condition data meets irrigation triggering conditions.
5. The automatic irrigation method for fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the automatic irrigation of the target fruit tree is performed by taking the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree as the designed wetting depth of the irrigation, and comprises the following steps:
designing the irrigation amount according to the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree based on an irrigation amount formula;
and automatically irrigating the target fruit tree according to the irrigation amount by using an intelligent irrigation system.
6. The method for automatically irrigating fruit trees according to claim 5, further comprising, before the automatically irrigating the target fruit tree according to the irrigation amount:
sending the irrigation quantity and irrigation early warning information as irrigation reminding information to a user mobile phone APP through a cloud server;
and after receiving an irrigation instruction of a user, automatically irrigating the target fruit tree.
7. The automatic fruit tree irrigation method according to claim 5, wherein the irrigation amount formula is as follows: i ═ 0.1 γ zp (θ)max–θmin)/η；
Wherein I is the irrigation amount, gamma is the dry volume weight of the soil, z is the designed wetting depth of irrigation, p is the area ratio of the wetting area, and thetamaxAnd thetaminThe upper line and the lower limit of the water content control of the soil root zone are respectively, and eta is the utilization efficiency of the drip irrigation water.
8. An automatic irrigation system for fruit trees, comprising:
the soil humidity condition data acquisition module is used for acquiring soil humidity condition data of the position of the target fruit tree by using the soil profile sensor;
the effective water absorption depth acquisition module is used for acquiring the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree according to the soil humidity condition data when the soil humidity condition data meets the irrigation triggering condition;
and the automatic irrigation control module is used for controlling the irrigation device to automatically irrigate the target fruit tree by taking the effective water absorption depth of the root system of the fruit tree as the designed wetting depth of irrigation.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program performs the steps of the method for automatic irrigation of fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of a method for automatic irrigation of fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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