CN111799495A - Manifold of solid oxide fuel cell stack and solid oxide fuel cell comprising same - Google Patents

Manifold of solid oxide fuel cell stack and solid oxide fuel cell comprising same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111799495A
CN111799495A CN202010689212.0A CN202010689212A CN111799495A CN 111799495 A CN111799495 A CN 111799495A CN 202010689212 A CN202010689212 A CN 202010689212A CN 111799495 A CN111799495 A CN 111799495A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
manifold
tail gas
gas outlet
cathode
inlet
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CN202010689212.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN111799495B (en
Inventor
井志
刘涛
赵先兴
李景云
常俊石
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Xindi Energy Engineering Technology Co Ltd
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Xindi Energy Engineering Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1231—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention provides a manifold of a solid oxide fuel cell stack and a solid oxide fuel cell comprising the same, and aims at the stack with air inlet and outlet arranged at the bottom.

Description

Manifold of solid oxide fuel cell stack and solid oxide fuel cell comprising same
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solid oxide fuel cells, and particularly relates to a manifold of a solid oxide fuel cell stack and a solid oxide fuel cell comprising the manifold.
Background
A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy in a fuel and an oxidant into electric energy, and is different from a conventional cell in that the fuel and the oxidant are not stored inside the cell but are supplied from the outside, that is, power can be continuously generated as long as the fuel and the oxidant are continuously supplied thereto. Fuel cells are of various types, and are mainly classified into the following types according to the difference of electrolytes: alkaline hydrogen-oxygen Fuel cells, phosphoric acid Fuel cells, molten carbonate Fuel cells, proton exchange membrane Fuel cells, and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). SOFCs have many unique advantages over other types of fuel cells:
1. the SOFC is of an all-solid structure, and the problems of corrosion, electrolyte loss and the like caused by liquid electrolyte are solved.
2. The fuel has wide application range and can directly use natural gas, coal gasification gas and other carbon-containing fuels.
3. The high-temperature waste heat discharged by the battery can be recycled and can be used for heating.
4. The battery works at high temperature, the electrode reaction process is rapid, a noble metal electrode is not needed, and the battery cost is low. SOFC power generation systems typically include multiple stacks connected by piping and integrated in series or parallel. For a fuel cell system with larger power, a plurality of galvanic piles need to be arranged, space utilization rate, integration level and the like need to be considered, and due to technical limitation, the existing galvanic piles have the problems of low space utilization rate and low integration level.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a manifold of a solid oxide fuel cell stack and a solid oxide fuel cell including the same. The manifold of the invention is used for leading the air inlet pipeline from one side surface of the galvanic pile to the air inlet at the bottom of the galvanic pile, and leading the air outlet pipeline from the air outlet at the bottom of the galvanic pile to the other side surface of the galvanic pile.
According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a manifold for a solid oxide fuel cell stack is provided, the solid oxide fuel cell stack includes a plurality of stacks stacked up and down, the manifold is disposed at the bottom of each corresponding stack and attached to the bottom surface of the corresponding stack, and includes a manifold main body (generally a block), a manifold air outlet connected to an air inlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack, a manifold gas outlet connected to a gas inlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack, a manifold cathode exhaust gas inlet connected to a cathode exhaust gas outlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack, and a manifold anode exhaust gas inlet connected to an anode exhaust gas outlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack are distributed on the top surface of the manifold main body, the manifold main body has two side portions extending outward to the outside of the stacks, the first side portion is provided with a manifold air inlet hole penetrating the first side portion and communicating with an air delivery connection pipe of the solid oxide fuel cell, and a manifold air inlet hole communicating with a gas delivery connection pipe of the solid oxide fuel cell A manifold gas inlet hole, the second side part is provided with a manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole which penetrates through the second side part and is communicated with a cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe of the solid oxide fuel cell and a manifold anode tail gas outlet hole which is communicated with an anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe, the manifold air inlet hole is provided with a manifold air inlet which is connected with a manifold air outlet through a first internal channel on the hole wall (especially on the inner side surface close to the center of the manifold main body), the manifold gas inlet hole is provided with a manifold gas inlet which is connected with the manifold gas outlet through a second internal channel on the hole wall (especially on the inner side surface close to the center of the manifold main body), the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole is provided with a manifold cathode tail gas outlet which is connected with the manifold cathode tail gas inlet through a third internal channel on the hole wall (especially on the inner side surface close to the center of the manifold main body), and the manifold anode tail gas outlet hole is provided with a And the manifold anode tail gas outlet is connected with the manifold anode tail gas inlet.
Further, the manifold air inlet port and/or the manifold fuel gas inlet port and/or the manifold cathode exhaust gas outlet port and/or the manifold anode exhaust gas outlet port are shaped the same as the opening of the duct to which they are connected, e.g., all circular in cross-section.
Further, the inner diameters of the manifold air inlet hole and the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole are approximately equal or equal, the inner diameters of the manifold fuel gas inlet hole and the manifold anode tail gas outlet hole are approximately equal or equal, and the inner diameters of the manifold air inlet hole and/or the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole are larger than the inner diameters of the manifold fuel gas inlet hole and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet hole, for example, the inner diameters of the manifold air inlet hole and/or the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole are 1.2-2.5 times the inner diameters of the manifold fuel gas inlet hole and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet hole. The inner diameter of the air inlet hole of the manifold and/or the cathode tail gas outlet hole of the manifold is generally phi 50-80 mm, preferably phi 70 mm.
The length of the manifold main body is 300-400mm, the width is 80-100mm, and the thickness (height) is 30-40 mm. In one embodiment, the manifold body has a length of 328mm, a width of 80mm, and a thickness (height) of 36 mm.
Furthermore, the manifold gas inlet hole and the manifold anode tail gas outlet hole are distributed diagonally, and the manifold air inlet hole and the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole are distributed diagonally.
Further, the manifold air inlet and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet are arc-shaped openings, the arc-shaped length is 1/4-3/4, such as 1/2 preferably, the arc-shaped length is the circumference length of the manifold air inlet hole and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet hole, the height of the arc-shaped openings can be 1/5-1/4 of the thickness of the manifold body, the manifold air inlet and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet is close to the upper top surface of the manifold body, and the distance between the manifold air inlet and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet and the upper top surface of the manifold body is 1/10-1/8 of the thickness of the manifold body;
further, the manifold gas inlet and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet may be a square opening or a circular opening, the height of the square opening or the circular opening may be 1/5-1/4 of the thickness of the manifold body, the manifold gas inlet and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet is close to the lower bottom surface of the manifold body, and the distance between the manifold gas inlet and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet and the lower bottom surface of the manifold body may be 1/10-1/6 of the thickness of the manifold body.
Furthermore, the manifold air outlet, the manifold fuel gas outlet, the manifold anode tail gas inlet and the manifold cathode tail gas inlet are sequentially distributed on the upper top surface of the manifold main body from left to right, for example, as long as the manifold air outlet, the manifold fuel gas outlet, the manifold anode tail gas inlet and the manifold cathode tail gas inlet can correspond to the air inlets and the air outlets of the corresponding galvanic piles.
Furthermore, the first internal channel is located above the second internal channel, the first internal channel and the second internal channel are mutually staggered, the third internal channel is located above the fourth internal channel, and the third internal channel and the fourth internal channel are mutually staggered.
Further, the first internal passage is of any shape as long as communication between the manifold air inlet and the manifold air outlet is achieved, and is, for example, a cavity that expands in the direction from the manifold air inlet to the manifold air outlet.
Further, the second internal passage may be any shape as long as communication between the manifold gas inlet and the manifold gas outlet is achieved, and the second internal passage may be, for example, a circular or square passage extending along the manifold gas inlet toward the manifold gas outlet.
The third internal channel is in any shape as long as the communication between the manifold cathode tail gas outlet and the manifold cathode tail gas inlet is realized, and the third internal channel is, for example, a cavity which expands along the manifold cathode tail gas outlet to the direction of the manifold cathode tail gas inlet.
The fourth internal channel may be of any shape as long as communication between the manifold anode tail gas outlet and the manifold anode tail gas inlet is achieved, and the fourth internal channel may be, for example, a circular or square channel extending along the manifold anode tail gas outlet in the direction of the manifold anode tail gas inlet.
The manifold air outlets may be, for example, 1 to 4, and typically 2, and the communication between the manifold air inlet and the manifold air outlet is realized by a first internal passage, the communication between the manifold fuel gas inlet and the manifold fuel gas outlet is realized by a second internal passage, the communication between the manifold cathode off-gas inlet and the manifold cathode off-gas outlet is realized by a third internal passage, and the communication between the manifold anode off-gas inlet and the manifold anode off-gas outlet is realized by a fourth internal passage.
The manifold air outlet and/or the manifold cathode tail gas inlet are, for example, rectangular openings, and the opening degree of the manifold air outlet is generally larger than that of the manifold cathode tail gas inlet; the manifold fuel gas outlet and/or the manifold anode tail gas inlet are, for example, circular or square openings.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solid oxide fuel cell comprising a plurality of stacks stacked one on top of the other and the manifold disposed at the bottom of each stack and attached to the bottom surface of the corresponding stack, wherein a manifold air outlet, a manifold fuel gas outlet, a manifold anode tail gas inlet and a manifold cathode tail gas inlet on the upper top surface of the manifold main body are respectively connected with a galvanic pile air inlet, a galvanic pile fuel gas inlet, a galvanic pile anode tail gas outlet and a galvanic pile cathode tail gas outlet, the manifold air inlet holes of the adjacent manifolds are connected through an air conveying connecting pipe, the manifold gas inlet holes of the adjacent manifolds are connected through a gas conveying connecting pipe, the manifold cathode tail gas outlet holes of the adjacent manifolds are connected through a cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe, and the manifold anode tail gas outlet holes of the adjacent manifolds are connected through an anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe.
The method for integrating the solid oxide fuel cell stack through the manifold stack comprises the following steps:
firstly, a first electric pile is placed on the upper top surface of a first manifold main body, the lower bottom surface of the first electric pile is tightly attached to the upper top surface of the first manifold main body, the air inlet and outlet of an air inlet and an air passage are sealed, and a manifold air inlet, a manifold gas inlet, a manifold anode tail gas outlet and a manifold cathode tail gas outlet are respectively positioned on two sides (a first side and a second side) of the electric pile, wherein a manifold air outlet is butted with a manifold air inlet of the first electric pile, a manifold gas outlet is butted with a pile gas inlet of the first electric pile, a manifold cathode tail gas inlet is butted with a cathode tail gas outlet of the first electric pile, a manifold anode tail gas inlet is butted with an anode tail gas outlet of the first electric pile, the upper top surface of the manifold air inlet is connected with the lower bottom surface of an air conveying connecting pipe, the upper top surface of the manifold gas inlet is connected with the lower bottom surface of a gas conveying connecting pipe, and the manifold anode tail, the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole is connected with the lower bottom surface of the cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe, then the second manifold is placed on the first galvanic pile, the second galvanic pile is placed on the upper top surface of the manifold main body of the second manifold, and the rest is done in the same way, and the galvanic piles are stacked in the height direction to form a galvanic pile array.
The lower bottom surface of the manifold air inlet hole of the second manifold is connected with the upper top surface of the air conveying connecting pipe of the first galvanic pile, the lower bottom surface of the manifold gas inlet hole of the second manifold is connected with the upper top surface of the gas conveying connecting pipe of the first galvanic pile, the lower bottom surface of the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole of the second manifold is connected with the upper top surface of the cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe of the first galvanic pile, and the lower bottom surface of the manifold anode tail gas outlet hole of the second manifold is connected with the upper top surface of the anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe of the first galvanic pile.
Further, air sequentially enters a manifold air inlet hole, a manifold air inlet, a first internal channel and a manifold air outlet through an air conveying connecting pipe positioned on the side surface of the electric pile and enters the cathode of the electric pile, and fuel gas sequentially enters a manifold fuel gas inlet hole, a manifold fuel gas inlet, a second internal channel and a manifold fuel gas outlet through a fuel gas conveying connecting pipe positioned on the side surface of the electric pile and enters the anode of the electric pile;
the cathode tail gas sequentially enters the cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe through the manifold cathode tail gas inlet, the third internal channel, the manifold cathode tail gas outlet and the manifold cathode tail gas outlet, and the anode tail gas sequentially enters the anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe through the manifold anode tail gas inlet, the fourth internal channel, the manifold anode tail gas outlet and the manifold anode tail gas outlet.
The same air inlet and outlet holes exposed by each manifold are connected through connecting pipes, the connecting pipes after connection form a main pipeline integrated with the galvanic pile, air (oxygen) and fuel gas are distributed to the gas inlet holes of each manifold through the main air inlet pipeline respectively, and tail gas discharged by the galvanic pile is discharged through the gas outlet of the galvanic pile and returns to the air outlet main pipeline through the manifold.
The manifold is arranged at the bottom of the galvanic pile and is tightly attached to the lower bottom surface of the galvanic pile, and the gas circuit of the galvanic pile is led out to the side surface of the galvanic pile from the bottom through the internal channel of the manifold, so that the galvanic pile is conveniently stacked in the height direction. The connecting pipes are connected with the manifolds of the upper and lower adjacent galvanic piles, so that the parallel connection and integration of gas circuits among the galvanic piles are realized.
Integration of 2-5 stacks in the vertical direction can be achieved using the manifold of the present invention.
The manifold of the invention can be made of the same material as the stack baseplate by machining, stacking and sintering multilayer plates.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
for the electric pile with the air inlet and the air outlet arranged at the bottom, the invention can realize the stacking arrangement and integration of the electric pile in the height direction through the application of the manifold. Compared with the arrangement form of the electric pile in a flat-type manner, the invention can improve the space utilization rate and the integration level of the fuel cell system, reduce the size of the projection space of the equipment and simplify the complexity of the system pipeline. Meanwhile, the universality of related parts is improved, so that the cost can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell stack.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the solid oxide fuel cell stack manifold according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a solid oxide fuel cell stack manifold of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a solid oxide fuel cell stack manifold of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 4.
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 4.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the connection and internal channel relationship between the solid oxide fuel cell stack manifold and the stack according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the integration of a solid oxide fuel cell stack with a manifold stack and gas routing.
Fig. 11 shows internal channels of a solid oxide fuel cell stack manifold, with arrows indicating the openings where the internal channels connect.
Fig. 12 shows the cross section of the internal channels of the solid oxide fuel cell stack manifold, the arrows indicating the space of the internal channels.
Description of reference numerals: a manifold main body 1, an upper top surface 2 of the manifold main body, a manifold air outlet 3, a manifold gas outlet 4, a manifold cathode tail gas inlet 5, a manifold anode tail gas inlet 6, an air conveying connecting pipe 7, a manifold air inlet 8, a gas conveying connecting pipe 9, a manifold gas inlet 10, a cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe 11, a manifold cathode tail gas outlet 12, an anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe 13, a manifold anode tail gas outlet 14, a first internal channel 15, a manifold air inlet 16, a second internal channel 17, a manifold gas inlet 18, a third internal channel 19, a manifold cathode tail gas outlet 20, a fourth internal channel 21, a manifold anode tail gas outlet 22, a lower bottom surface 23 of the manifold main body, a first stack 24, a second stack 25, a stack 30, a stack air inlet 31, a stack gas inlet 32, a stack anode tail gas outlet 33, a stack cathode tail gas outlet 34, stack bottom surface 35, manifold second side 36, manifold first side 37, stack top surface 38.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-8, the manifold for a solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the present invention includes a manifold body 1 (usually a block), wherein the manifold is disposed at the bottom of each corresponding stack 30 and attached to the bottom surface of the corresponding stack, the manifold body 1 has a manifold air outlet 3 connected to an air inlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack 30, a manifold fuel gas outlet 4 connected to a fuel gas inlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack, a manifold cathode exhaust gas inlet 5 connected to a cathode exhaust gas outlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack, and a manifold anode exhaust gas inlet 6 connected to an anode exhaust gas outlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack, the manifold body 1 has two side portions extending outward to the outside of the stack, the first side portion 37 is provided with a manifold air inlet 8 penetrating the first side portion and communicating with an air delivery connection pipe 7 of the solid oxide fuel cell, and a manifold air inlet 8 connected to an air delivery connection pipe 7 of the solid oxide fuel cell The second side 36 is provided with a manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole 12 which penetrates through the second side and is communicated with a cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe 11 of the solid oxide fuel cell and a manifold anode tail gas outlet hole 14 which is communicated with an anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe 13, the manifold air inlet hole 8 is provided with a manifold air inlet 16 which is connected with a manifold air outlet 3 through a first internal channel 15 on the hole wall (especially on the inner side surface close to the center of the manifold main body 1), the manifold gas inlet hole 10 is provided with a manifold gas inlet 18 which is connected with a manifold gas outlet 4 through a second internal channel 17 on the hole wall (especially on the inner side surface close to the center of the manifold main body), the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole 12 is provided with a manifold cathode tail gas outlet 20 which is connected with a manifold cathode tail gas inlet 5 through a third internal channel 19 on the hole wall (especially on the inner side surface close to the center of the manifold main body), the manifold anode tail gas outlet 14 is provided with a manifold anode tail gas outlet 22 on the wall of the hole (especially on the inner side surface close to the center of the manifold main body 1) which is connected with the manifold anode tail gas inlet 6 through a fourth internal channel 21.
The manifold air inlet holes 8 and/or the manifold fuel gas inlet holes 10 and/or the manifold cathode exhaust gas outlet holes 12 and/or the manifold anode exhaust gas outlet holes 14 have the same shape as the opening of the pipe to which they are connected, for example, all have a cylindrical shape.
Preferably, the inner diameters of the manifold air inlet hole 8 and the manifold cathode exhaust gas outlet hole 12 are substantially equal or equal, the inner diameters of the manifold fuel gas inlet hole 10 and the manifold anode exhaust gas outlet hole 14 are substantially equal or equal, and the inner diameters of the manifold air inlet hole 8 and/or the manifold cathode exhaust gas outlet hole 12 are larger than the inner diameters of the manifold fuel gas inlet hole 10 and/or the manifold anode exhaust gas outlet hole 14, for example, the inner diameters of the manifold air inlet hole 8 and/or the manifold cathode exhaust gas outlet hole 12 are 1.2 to 2.5 times the inner diameters of the manifold fuel gas inlet hole 10 and/or the manifold anode exhaust gas outlet hole 14. The internal diameter of the manifold air inlet hole 8 and/or the manifold cathode exhaust gas outlet hole 12 is generally phi 50 to phi 80mm, preferably phi 70 mm.
The length of the manifold body 1 is 300-400mm, the width is 80-100mm, and the thickness (height) is 30-40 mm. In one embodiment, the manifold body has a length of 328mm, a width of 80mm, and a thickness (height) of 36 mm.
The manifold gas inlet hole 10 and the manifold anode tail gas outlet hole 14 are distributed diagonally, and the manifold air inlet hole 8 and the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole 12 are distributed diagonally.
The manifold air inlet 16 and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet 20 are arc-shaped openings with arc lengths 1/4-3/4, preferably 1/2, the arc lengths being equal to the circumference of the manifold air inlet holes 8 and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet holes 12, the height of the arc-shaped openings may be 1/5-1/4 of the thickness of the manifold body 1, the manifold air inlet 16 and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet 20 is close to the upper top surface 2 of the manifold body 1, and the distance between the manifold air inlet and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet and the upper top surface of the manifold body is 1/10-1/8 of the thickness of the manifold body;
the manifold gas inlet 18 and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet 22 may be square or circular openings, the height of the square or circular openings may be 1/5-1/4 of the thickness of the manifold body 1, the manifold gas inlet 18 and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet 22 is close to the lower bottom surface 23 of the manifold body 1, and the distance between the manifold gas inlet 18 and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet 22 and the lower bottom surface of the manifold body 1 may be 1/10-1/6 of the thickness of the manifold body 1.
The manifold air outlet 3, the manifold fuel gas outlet 4, the manifold anode tail gas inlet 6 and the manifold cathode tail gas inlet 5 are sequentially distributed on the upper top surface 2 of the manifold main body 1 from left to right, for example, as long as the manifold anode tail gas inlet and the manifold cathode tail gas inlet can correspond to each gas inlet and outlet of the corresponding galvanic pile.
The first internal passage 15 is positioned above the second internal passage 17, the first internal passage 15 is interleaved with the second internal passage 17, the third internal passage 19 is positioned above the fourth internal passage 21, the third internal passage 19 is interleaved with the fourth internal passage 21,
the first internal passage 15 is of any shape as long as communication between the manifold air inlet 16 and the manifold air outlet 3 is achieved, for example, a cavity that expands along the manifold air inlet 16 toward the manifold air outlet 3;
the second internal passage 17 is of any shape as long as communication between the manifold gas inlet 18 and the manifold gas outlet 4 is achieved, and is, for example, a circular or square passage extending along the manifold gas inlet 18 in the direction of the manifold gas outlet 4;
the third internal channel 19 is in any shape as long as the communication between the manifold cathode tail gas outlet 20 and the manifold cathode tail gas inlet 5 is achieved, and is, for example, a cavity that expands toward the manifold cathode tail gas inlet 5 along the manifold cathode tail gas outlet 20;
the fourth internal passage 21 is of any shape as long as communication between the manifold anode tail gas outlet 22 and the manifold anode tail gas inlet 6 is achieved, for example, a circular or square passage extending along the manifold anode tail gas outlet 22 in the direction of the manifold anode tail gas inlet 6.
The manifold air outlet 3 may be, for example, 1 to 4, typically 2, and the communication between the manifold air inlet 16 and the manifold air outlet 3 is achieved by a first internal passage 15, the communication between the manifold fuel gas inlet 18 and the manifold fuel gas outlet 4 is achieved by a second internal passage 17, the communication between the manifold cathode tail gas inlet 5 and the manifold cathode tail gas outlet 20 is achieved by a third internal passage 19, and the communication between the manifold anode tail gas inlet 6 and the manifold anode tail gas outlet 22 is achieved by a fourth internal passage.
The manifold air outlet 3 and/or the manifold cathode offgas inlet 5 are, for example, rectangular openings, and the opening degree of the manifold air outlet 3 is generally larger than that of the manifold cathode offgas inlet 5; the manifold fuel gas outlet 4 and/or the manifold anode tail gas inlet 6 are, for example, circular or square openings.
As shown in fig. 9 to 10, a solid oxide fuel cell includes a plurality of stacks stacked one on top of another and the manifold disposed at the bottom of each stack and attached to the bottom surface of the corresponding stack, wherein a manifold air outlet 3, a manifold fuel gas outlet 4, a manifold anode tail gas inlet 6 and a manifold cathode tail gas inlet 5 on the upper top surface 2 of the manifold main body 1 are respectively connected with a pile air inlet 31, a pile fuel gas inlet 32, a pile anode tail gas outlet 33 and a pile cathode tail gas outlet 34 on the lower bottom surface 35 of a pile, the manifold air inlet holes 8 of the adjacent manifolds are connected through an air conveying connecting pipe 7, the manifold gas inlet holes 10 of the adjacent manifolds are connected through a gas conveying connecting pipe 9, the cathode tail gas outlet holes 12 of the manifolds adjacent to each other are connected through a cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe 11, and the anode tail gas outlet holes 14 of the manifolds adjacent to each other are connected through an anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe 13.
The method for integrating the solid oxide fuel cell stack through the manifold stack comprises the following steps:
firstly, a first electric pile 24 is placed on the upper top surface 2 of a first manifold main body 1, the lower bottom surface of the first electric pile 24 is tightly attached to the upper top surface 2 of the first manifold main body to ensure the air path sealing of an air inlet and an air outlet, a manifold air inlet 8, a manifold fuel gas inlet 10, a manifold anode tail gas outlet 14 and a manifold cathode tail gas outlet 12 are respectively positioned on two sides (a first side and a second side) of the electric pile, wherein a manifold air outlet 3 is butted with a manifold air inlet of the first electric pile 24, a manifold fuel gas outlet 4 is butted with a pile fuel gas inlet of the first electric pile, a manifold cathode tail gas inlet 5 is butted with a cathode tail gas outlet of the first electric pile, a manifold anode tail gas inlet 6 is butted with an anode tail gas outlet of the first electric pile, the upper top surface of the manifold air inlet 8 is connected with the lower bottom surface of an air conveying connecting pipe 7, the upper top surface of the manifold fuel gas inlet 10 is connected with, manifold anode tail gas outlet hole 14 is connected with the lower bottom surface of anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe 13, manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole 12 is connected with the lower bottom surface of cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe 11, then the second manifold is placed on upper top surface 38 of first galvanic pile 24, second galvanic pile 25 is placed on the upper top surface of second manifold main body, and so on, the galvanic piles are stacked in the height direction to form galvanic pile rows.
The lower bottom surface of the manifold air inlet hole of the second manifold is connected with the upper top surface of the air conveying connecting pipe 7 of the first galvanic pile, the lower bottom surface of the manifold gas inlet hole of the second manifold is connected with the upper top surface of the gas conveying connecting pipe of the first galvanic pile, the lower bottom surface of the manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole of the second manifold is connected with the upper top surface of the cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe of the first galvanic pile, and the lower bottom surface of the manifold anode tail gas outlet hole of the second manifold is connected with the upper top surface of the anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe of the first galvanic pile.
Example 1
Use 5 galvanic piles of this application in the pile up of vertical direction, contrast tiled arrangement mode, save 4 galvanic pile projection area's space, the galvanic pile is listed as and is carried out the electricity generation experiment, 32Nm3The air enters the air inlet, the temperature of the inlet of the galvanic pile is 650-700 ℃, the air sequentially enters the manifold air inlet, the first internal channel and the manifold air outlet through the air conveying connecting pipe positioned on the side surface of the galvanic pile and enters the cathode of the galvanic pile, the oxygen is adsorbed on the surface of the cathode, and the catalytic action on the surface of the cathode enables the O to be adsorbed2Get electrons to O2-，O2-Diffusing to the surface of the anode; 20L/min, the temperature of the inlet of the galvanic pile is 650-700 ℃, methane gas enters a manifold gas inlet hole, a manifold gas inlet, a second internal channel and a manifold gas outlet in sequence through a gas conveying connecting pipe arranged on the side surface of the galvanic pile, enters the anode of the galvanic pile and is mixed with O2-Reacting, returning the lost electrons to the cathode through an external circuit to form 37A current, wherein the working temperature of the galvanic pile is 700-800 ℃; 10-15Nm3And h, the 700-800 ℃ cathode tail gas sequentially passes through the manifold cathode tail gas inlet, the third internal channel, the manifold cathode tail gas outlet and the manifold cathode tail gas outlet to enter the cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe, 3-8L/min, the 700-800 ℃ anode tail gas sequentially passes through the manifold anode tail gas inlet, the fourth internal channel, the manifold anode tail gas outlet and the manifold anode tail gas outlet to enter the anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe, and the power generation efficiency of the whole pile is 62%.
Comparative example 1
5 stacks at 0.2m2The power generation is carried out on a horizontal plane (the comparative example is flatly laid on a horizontal plane of 1 square meter), the output current is 37A, the working temperature of the electric pile is 700-800 ℃, and the power generation efficiency of the electric pile is 62%.
As can be seen from a comparison between example 1 and comparative example 1, the present invention can improve the space utilization and integration of the fuel cell system, reduce the size of the projection space of the apparatus, and simplify the complexity of the system piping.
In addition, according to the invention, the space size of the internal channel is optimized to realize the matching with the stack pressure drop, taking the air inlet as an example, the cross section area (arrow in fig. 11) of the opening part where the cylindrical surface of the air inlet of the manifold is connected with the internal channel is optimized, so that the matching optimization of the pressure drop of the air inlet and the air outlet of the stack is realized, in addition, the space (arrow in fig. 12) of the internal channel is increased, and the uniformity of the air inlet divided into two stack inlets is improved.

Claims (9)

1. A manifold of a solid oxide fuel cell stack is characterized in that the solid oxide fuel cell comprises a plurality of stacks which are stacked up and down, the manifold is arranged at the bottom of each corresponding stack and is attached to the bottom surface of the corresponding stack, the manifold comprises a manifold main body, a manifold air outlet which is butted with an air inlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack, a manifold gas outlet which is butted with a gas inlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack, a manifold cathode tail gas inlet which is butted with a cathode tail gas outlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack and a manifold anode tail gas inlet which is butted with an anode tail gas outlet at the bottom of the corresponding stack are distributed on the upper top surface of the manifold main body, the manifold main body is provided with two side parts which extend outwards to the outer side of the stacks, the first side part is provided with a manifold air inlet which penetrates through the first side part and is communicated with an air delivery connecting pipe of the solid oxide fuel cell and a manifold gas inlet which is communicated with a gas, the second side is provided with a manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole which penetrates through the second side and is communicated with a cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe of the solid oxide fuel cell and a manifold anode tail gas outlet hole which is communicated with an anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe, a manifold air inlet hole is formed in the hole wall and is provided with a manifold air inlet connected with a manifold air outlet through a first internal channel, a manifold gas inlet hole is formed in the hole wall and is provided with a manifold gas inlet connected with a manifold gas outlet through a second internal channel, a manifold cathode tail gas outlet hole is formed in the hole wall and is provided with a manifold cathode tail gas outlet connected with the manifold cathode tail gas inlet through a third internal channel, and a manifold anode tail gas outlet hole is formed in the hole wall and is provided with a manifold anode tail gas outlet connected with the manifold anode tail gas inlet.
2. The manifold of a solid oxide fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein the manifold air inlet port has an inner diameter similar to or equal to the manifold cathode tail gas outlet port, the manifold fuel gas inlet port has an inner diameter similar to or equal to the manifold anode tail gas outlet port, the manifold air inlet port and/or the manifold cathode tail gas outlet port has an inner diameter greater than the manifold fuel gas inlet port and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet port, and the manifold air inlet port and/or the manifold cathode tail gas outlet port has an inner diameter 1.2 to 2.5 times the manifold fuel gas inlet port and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet port.
3. The manifold of a solid oxide fuel cell stack of claim 1 or 2, wherein the manifold fuel gas inlet port and the manifold anode tail gas outlet port are diagonally distributed, and the manifold air inlet port and the manifold cathode tail gas outlet port are diagonally distributed from the other.
4. The manifold of a solid oxide fuel cell stack of any of claims 1-3,
the manifold air inlet and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet are arcuate openings having a length of 1/4-3/4, preferably 1/2, the arcuate openings may have a height of 1/5-1/4 the thickness of the manifold body, the manifold air inlet and/or the manifold cathode exhaust outlet is proximate the upper top surface of the manifold body,
preferably, the distance between the manifold air inlet and/or the manifold cathode tailgas outlet and the upper top surface of the manifold body is 1/10-1/8 of the thickness of the manifold body;
preferably, the manifold fuel gas inlet and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet are square openings or round openings, the height of each square opening or the height of each round opening is 1/5-1/4 of the thickness of the manifold main body, and the manifold fuel gas inlet and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet are close to the lower bottom surface of the manifold main body;
preferably, the distance between the manifold fuel gas inlet and/or the manifold anode tail gas outlet and the lower bottom surface of the manifold body is 1/10-1/6 of the thickness of the manifold body.
5. The manifold of solid oxide fuel cell stack of any of claims 1-4, wherein the first internal channel is located above the second internal channel, the first internal channel is interdigitated with the second internal channel, the third internal channel is located above the fourth internal channel, the third internal channel is interdigitated with the fourth internal channel,
the first internal channel is a cavity expanding along the direction from the manifold air inlet to the manifold air outlet;
the second internal channel is a circular or square channel extending along the direction from the manifold gas inlet to the manifold gas outlet;
the third internal channel is a cavity expanding along the direction from the manifold cathode tail gas outlet to the manifold cathode tail gas inlet;
the fourth internal channel is a circular or square channel extending along the manifold anode tail gas outlet towards the manifold anode tail gas inlet.
6. The manifold for a solid oxide fuel cell stack of any of claims 1-5, wherein the number of manifold air outlets is 1-4, wherein communication between the manifold air inlet and the manifold air outlet is achieved through a first internal passage, communication between the manifold fuel gas inlet and the manifold fuel gas outlet is achieved through a second internal passage, communication between the manifold cathode tail gas inlet and the manifold cathode tail gas outlet is achieved through a third internal passage, and communication between the manifold anode tail gas inlet and the manifold anode tail gas outlet is achieved through a fourth internal passage.
7. The manifold of a solid oxide fuel cell stack of any of claims 1-6, wherein the manifold air outlet and/or the manifold cathode tail gas inlet is a rectangular opening, the opening length of the manifold air outlet being greater than the manifold cathode tail gas inlet; the manifold fuel gas outlet and/or the manifold anode tail gas inlet are circular or square openings.
8. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising a plurality of stacks stacked one on top of the other and a manifold according to any one of claims 1 to 7 provided at the bottom of each stack and attached to the bottom surface of the corresponding stack, wherein a manifold air outlet, a manifold fuel gas outlet, a manifold anode tail gas inlet and a manifold cathode tail gas inlet on the upper top surface of the manifold main body are respectively connected with a galvanic pile air inlet, a galvanic pile fuel gas inlet, a galvanic pile anode tail gas outlet and a galvanic pile cathode tail gas outlet, the manifold air inlet holes of the adjacent manifolds are connected through an air conveying connecting pipe, the manifold gas inlet holes of the adjacent manifolds are connected through a gas conveying connecting pipe, the manifold cathode tail gas outlet holes of the adjacent manifolds are connected through a cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe, and the manifold anode tail gas outlet holes of the adjacent manifolds are connected through an anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe.
9. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 8, wherein air sequentially enters the manifold air inlet, the first internal channel and the manifold air outlet into the cathode of the stack via an air delivery connecting pipe located at a side of the stack, and fuel gas sequentially enters the manifold fuel gas inlet, the second internal channel and the manifold fuel gas outlet into the anode of the stack via a fuel gas delivery connecting pipe located at a side of the stack;
the cathode tail gas sequentially enters the cathode tail gas conveying connecting pipe through the manifold cathode tail gas inlet, the third internal channel, the manifold cathode tail gas outlet and the manifold cathode tail gas outlet, and the anode tail gas sequentially enters the anode tail gas conveying connecting pipe through the manifold anode tail gas inlet, the fourth internal channel, the manifold anode tail gas outlet and the manifold anode tail gas outlet.
CN202010689212.0A 2020-07-15 Manifold of solid oxide fuel cell stack and solid oxide fuel cell including the same Active CN111799495B (en)

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CN212571064U (en) * 2020-07-15 2021-02-19 新地能源工程技术有限公司 Manifold of solid oxide fuel cell stack and fuel cell comprising same

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